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1
Di Somma, Carolina, Elisabetta Scarano, Luigi Barrea, Domenico Solari, Enrico Riccio, Rossana Arianna, Luigi Maria Cavallo, et al. "Craniopharyngioma, Chronotypes and Metabolic Risk Profile." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 3444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103444.
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Aim: To investigate the potential association among Craniopharyngioma (CP), chronotypes and metabolic risk profile. Subjects and Methods: The study population included 28 patients (46.4% males; 42.6 ± 15.8 years) and 28 controls, age, gender and BMI matched (46.4% males; 46.5 ± 12.9 years). In this study sample, we evaluated: anthropometric measurements (waist circumference, WC; BMI), plasma glucose, lipid profile, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Morningness-Eveningness was measured with the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), which included 19 questions about preferred sleep time and daily performance. Results: in both patients and controls grade I obesity was detected in 15 subjects (53.6%), grade II obesity in 13 subjects (46.4%). In the patient group, the mean score of chronotype was 47.8 ± 12.6. In particular, 9 patients (32.1%) exhibited the morning chronotype, 6 (21.4%) the intermediate chronotype and 13 (46.4.%) the evening chronotype. No significant difference was found in gender and age among the chronotype categories. Patients with the evening chronotype had higher blood pressure values and worse metabolic parameters than those with the morning chronotype. In the control group, the mean score of the chronotype was 57.6 ± 9.5. In particular, 16 (57.1%) subjects exhibited the morning chronotype, 10 (35.7%) the intermediate chronotype and only 2 (7.1.%) the evening chronotype. The prevalence of intermediate and evening chronotypes was higher in females than males (p = 0.021), while males have a higher prevalence of the morning chronotype. Subjects with intermediate and evening chronotypes had worse metabolic parameters than those with the morning chronotype. In patients, the chronotype score was inversely correlated to WC, BMI, SBP, DBP, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and positively correlated with HDL cholesterol. No correlation was found between age and chronotype. In controls, the chronotype score was inversely correlated to WC, BMI, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol. No correlation was found among chronotype and age, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol. Considering the whole population of the study (patients and controls), at logistic regression the chronotype score was significantly associated with the presence of CP. Conclusions: for the first time thus far, our study puts the light on the association of the CP with chronotypes and metabolic alterations in this disease, which are the main determinants of the reduced quality of life, higher morbidity and mortality in this setting of patients. This finding suggests that alterations of chronotype might represent an adjunctive risk for CP patients and a possible target for their integrate management.
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Wangsa, Cindy Leona, Nawanto Agung Prastowo, Veronica Dwi Jani Juliawati, and Francisca Tjhay. "THE DIFFERENCE IN GRADE POINTS BETWEEN MORNING AND EVENING CHRONOTYPES AMONG PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS." Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpki.65919.
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Background: Every person has a different diurnal preference, sleep-wake cycle, and alertness known as chronotype. There are three chronotypes, that is morning, evening, and intermediate type. Medical students with evening chronotype are still forced to follow the standard academic schedule in the morning, hence their sleep time is reduced. This problem results in lower grade points since sleep quality affects academic achievement. This study aimed to analyze the difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes among medical students.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed among 102 preclinical students class 2018 of School Medicine and Health Sciences of Atma Jaya Catholic University Indonesia. All personal data, grade points, and chronotypes were taken using google form. Chronotypes and sleep characteristics were determined with Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) by calculating weekend mid-sleep time and sleep debt. Unpaired t-test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the statistical significance.Results: The results of evening chronotype 44.1% respondents, morning chronotype 31.4% respondents, and intermediate chronotype 24.5% respondents were obtained from 102 respondents. There were 65.7% of students with grade points greater than or equal to three and 34.4% lower than three. There was no significant difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes on semester 1, 2, 3, nor grade point average 3 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes among preclinical students class 2018 of School Medicine and Health Sciences Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.
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Katsarova, Stanislava S., Emma Redman, Franciskos Arsenyadis, Emer M. Brady, Alex V. Rowlands, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Louise M. Goff, et al. "Differences in Dietary Intake, Eating Occasion Timings and Eating Windows between Chronotypes in Adults Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Nutrients 15, no. 18 (September 5, 2023): 3868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15183868.
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Chronotype studies investigating dietary intake, eating occasions (EO) and eating windows (EW) are sparse in people with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This analysis reports data from the CODEC study. The Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) assessed chronotype preference. Diet diaries assessed dietary intake and temporal distribution. Regression analysis assessed whether dietary intake, EW, or EO differed by chronotype. 411 participants were included in this analysis. There were no differences in energy, macronutrient intake or EW between chronotypes. Compared to evening chronotypes, morning and intermediate chronotypes consumed 36.8 (95% CI: 11.1, 62.5) and 20.9 (95% CI: −2.1, 44.1) fewer milligrams of caffeine per day, respectively. Evening chronotypes woke up over an hour and a half later than morning (01:36 95% CI: 01:09, 02:03) and over half an hour later than intermediate chronotypes (00:45 95% CI: 00:21; 01:09. Evening chronotypes went to sleep over an hour and a half later than morning (01:48 95% CI: 01:23; 02:13) and an hour later than intermediate chronotypes (01:07 95% CI: 00:45; 01:30). Evening chronotypes’ EOs and last caffeine intake occurred later but relative to their sleep timings. Future research should investigate the impact of chronotype and dietary temporal distribution on glucose control to optimise T2DM interventions.
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Crane, Tracy E., Austin Miller, Meghan B. Skiba, Sidney Donzella, and Cynthia A. Thomson. "Association of chronotype and pain at baseline in ovarian cancer survivors participating in a lifestyle intervention (NRG/GOG 0225)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 6018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6018.
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6018 Background: Chronotype is defined as an individual’s propensity to sleep at a specific time in a 24-hour cycle with late chronotype associated with poorer health outcomes including cancer. Chronotype remains relatively undefined in ovarian cancer. The Lifestyle Intervention for oVarian cancer Enhanced Survival (LIVES) study is testing whether 1205 women randomized to a diet and physical activity intervention for 24-months will have longer progression-free survival versus an attention control. Here we determine the association of late and early vs mid chronotypes and patient reported outcomes (PROs), lifestyle behaviors and biomarkers of metabolic health and inflammation in ovarian cancer survivors post-treatment (≤ 6.5 months). Methods: Chronotype was determined using self-reported time to bed (early < 9 pm; mid ≥ 9 pm - ≤12 am; late > 12 am) captured through the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and PROs were measured using subscales of the Rand-36 questionnaire. Validated questionnaires for diet and physical activity were used and biomarkers were collected at routine clinic visits. A total subsample of 438 ovarian cancer survivors enrolled in NRG/GOG 0225- LIVES study with all available baseline measures were included in analyses. Descriptive statistics, general linear mixed models, and Pearson correlations were performed. Results: Reported pain was significantly higher in late chronotypes (P < 0.05) when compared to early and mid-chronotypes. Total sleep duration was significant between the 3 chronotypes (P < 0.05) with late chronotype experiencing less sleep (6.77 ± 1.67 hrs) than mid chronotype (7.04 ± 1.31 hrs) and early chronotype (7.56 ± 1.33 hrs). Higher reported pain was significantly correlated to poorer CRP levels (r = -0.198, P < 0.001) suggesting higher systemic inflammation and poorer blood insulin levels (r = -0.116, P < 0.05) independent of chronotype classification. All other subscales of the RAND 36 and physical activity were not associated with chronotype. Diet quality trended towards significance with a positive association observed in early and an inverse association in late chronotypes (P = 0.06). Conclusions: Late chronotypes reported higher levels of pain which was associated with poorer sleep and diet quality and higher levels of inflammation and insulin. More robust data, including actigraphy, are being analyzed and will provide additional insight of the role of circadian rhythm and phenotype on pain and key biomarkers in ovarian cancer survivors. Clinical trial information: NCT00719303.
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Kervezee, Laura, Fernando Gonzales-Aste, Philippe Boudreau, and Diane Boivin. "288 Chronotype-dependent impact of napping on sleep behavior in rotating shift workers." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A115—A116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.287.
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Abstract Introduction Rotating shift work is known to adversely impact sleep. Napping is one of the strategies that workers can use to mitigate the effect of shift work on their sleep. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronotype on napping behavior in police officers involved in rotating shift work. Methods Actigraphy-based sleep measures and chronotype information was available from 74 police officers (20 women and 54 men; age [mean ± SD]: 32 ± 5.4 years) that participated in a 35-day field study during which they worked morning, evening, and night shifts. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess the effect of shift type, chronotype, and their interaction on the likelihood to take a nap, adjusted for relevant covariates. In addition, linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of shift type, chronotype, and their interaction on sleep duration with and without taking into account napping duration. Results The likelihood to take a nap was influenced by an interaction between shift type and chronotype (χ2(2) = 11.2, p = 0.004). Earlier chronotype was linked to a lower likelihood to take naps during days with morning shifts and a higher likelihood during days with night shifts. Napping modulated the effect of shift type and chronotype on daily sleep duration, most notably during night shifts: while chronotype was associated with the duration of the main sleep period during night shifts, with the main sleep period being 1.7 h [95% C.I.: 0.6 – 2.8] shorter in the earliest chronotypes compared to the latest chronotypes, this effect was attenuated and no longer significant when napping duration was taken into account (difference in total sleep duration in latest chronotypes vs earliest chronotypes during nights shifts: 0.9 [−0.1 to 1.9] h). Conclusion Napping attenuates the chronotype-dependent effect of atypical work schedules on sleep duration in this population of shift-working police officers. These findings highlight the need to take into account chronotype when assessing the effect of shift work on sleep behavior. Support (if any) The Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRRST) and Fonds de Recherche du Québec–Santé (FRQS).
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Reis, Daniel, and Nazanin Bahraini. "0354 Early to Bed and Early to Rise? A Comparison of Actigraphy-derived Sleep and Circadian Timing Across Chronotypes." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0354.
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Abstract Introduction Evening chronotype is associated with increased risk for depression and suicide-related outcomes. This may be due to circadian-sleep misalignment, as previous studies have found chronotype-related differences in the relative timing between circadian phase (i.e., dim light melatonin; DLMO) and sleep. However, such differences may be attributable to variation in intrinsic circadian period length across chronotypes, rather than reflect actual circadian misalignment among those with an evening chronotype. The present study sought to compare predicted circadian and sleep timing across chronotypes using a light-based mathematical model of the human circadian pacemaker that controlled for intrinsic period length. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Sleep and the Hispanic Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sueño datasets. Scores on the Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire were grouped into “morning,” “intermediate,” and “evening” chronotypes. Sleep timing was determined by actigraphy and DLMO was predicted (pDLMO) from light and sleep/wake states using the extended Kronauer model. Circadian-sleep alignment was calculated as the timing between pDLMO and either sleep onset or offset (i.e., phase angles). Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) were used to evaluate the associations between chronotype and the timing/alignment of circadian and sleep variables, with post-hoc comparisons conducted using non-parametric bootstrapping. Results MANCOVAs identified chronotype differences in sleep onset, pDLMO, and pDLMO-sleep onset phase angles in both datasets. Chronotype was associated with pDLMO-sleep offset phase angles in MESA Sleep only. pDLMO and sleep onset were ~1-2 hours later for participants with an evening chronotype (p < .001 for all). In MESA Sleep, participants with an evening chronotype had a pDLMO-sleep onset phase angle that was ~30 minutes (95% CI: 13.5, 46.9; p = .002) shorter than those with a morning chronotype; in HCHS/SOL Sueño, it was ~17 minutes (95% CI: 3.6, 29.1; p = .033) shorter. Conclusion Assuming equal intrinsic periods, participants with an evening chronotype had a light exposure profile that predicted sleep onset at an earlier circadian phase than those with a morning or intermediate chronotype. These findings provide further evidence that an evening chronotype may be associated with chronic circadian-sleep misalignment. Support (if any) None
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Pogonysheva, Irina A., Inna I. Lunyak, and Denis A. Pogonyshev. "Annual dynamics of dispersion mapping indicators of electrocardiogram tracing in students with different chronotypes." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 2 (54) (June 20, 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-2/11.
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The paper examines the annual profile of fluctuating microalternations of some ECG parameters in healthy students who live in northern conditions and have different chronotypes. The main method of the research was the dispersion mapping that helped assess the energy and metabolic processes in myocardium. Among male and female students, 14,3% had the morning chronotype, 50,7% had the arrhythmic chronotype, and 35% had the evening chronotype. Previously published research results showed a similar distribution of chronotypes among the population of the north: individuals with the arrhythmic chronotype dominate in the sample, the evening chronotype is the second most common, and the morning chronotype can be found in a smaller number of people. The seasonal dynamics of dispersion mapping indicators in students was analyzed. The analyses revealed an increase in the values of the Myocardium Index in students of all chronotypes in spring, with no significant deviations to be noted. The maximum values of the Heart Rate and Rhythm indicators in the annual dynamics in all students were noted in spring, and the minimum values, in summer, with significant deviations observed. The Rhythm integral indicator pointed to the signs of tension of adaptation mechanisms in the subjects with the evening chronotype in spring. Increased ECG microalterations (Myocardium, Heart Rate, Rhythm) in male and female students in spring may indicate the influence of climatic conditions that put a greater stress on the cardiovascular system in the transitional seasons. It is manifested by a change in the electrophysiological properties of the myocardium. In the subjects with the evening chronotype, the circadian rhythms of the circulatory system were more sensitive to the hypocomfortable conditions of the north.
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Palesh, Oxana, M. Melissa Packer, Holly George, Cheryl Koopman, and Pasquale F. Innominato. "Associations between morning–evening chronotype, fatigue, and QOL in breast cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.246.
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246 Background: Emerging evidence suggests that circadian disruption is associated with cancer and cancer treatments. Chronotype is defined as a behaviorally manifested preference for a certain timing of sleep and activity. Previous studies have revealed that living out of sync from one’s innate chronotype can have detrimental effects on one’s health. Although there has been research examining the associations between chronotype and health, not much is known about the relationship between chronotype, fatigue, and QOL in cancer survivors. Methods: 68 Breast cancer survivors completed questionnaires to assess their chronotype (Horne-Ostberg), to rate their fatigue (MDASI), and to evaluate their QOL (FACIT). The Horne-Ostberg questionnaire yields a range of values indicating survivors’ preference for early or late activity. The study sample was divided by terciles according to survivors’ “morningness” or “eveningness” preferences (i.e., chronotypes). Results: Morning chronotype was associated with significantly less severe tiredness and drowsiness as well as significantly better physical well-being and fatigue subscale scores as compared to evening chronotype. Tiredness median (M) scores were highest for evening chronotype (M=5.5), moderate for mid-range chronotype (M=4.5), and lowest for morning chronotype (M=3.0), a significant difference (p=0.046). Drowsiness scores were highest for evening chronotype (median=6.0), moderate for mid-range chronotype (M=4.0), and lowest for morning chronotype (M=3.0), p=0.046. The median score for physical well-being was significantly lower for evening compared to morning chronotypes (22.5 vs. 25.0, p=0.038) and morning types reported significantly better health in respect to fatigue compared to evening types (40.5 vs. 35.5, p=0.045). Conclusions: Survivors with early chronotype (early to bed, early to rise) reported less fatigue, drowsiness, and better overall physical well-being. While chronotype is believed to be genetically driven, certain behavioral, pharmacological, and bright light modifications can be used to help patients shift their circadian rhythm towards earlier morning type and may experience improvements in physical well-being.
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Barrea, Luigi, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Gabriella Pugliese, Chiara Graziadio, Maria Maisto, Francesca Pivari, Andrea Falco, Gian Carlo Tenore, Annamaria Colao, and Silvia Savastano. "Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051671.
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Individual differences in the chronotype, an attitude that best expresses the individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythms, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk and gut dysbiosis. Up to now, there are no studies evaluating the association between chronotypes and circulating TMAO concentrations, a predictor of cardiometabolic risk and a useful marker of gut dysbiosis. In this study population (147 females and 100 males), subjects with the morning chronotype had the lowest BMI and waist circumference (p < 0.001), and a better metabolic profile compared to the other chronotypes. In addition, the morning chronotype had the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001) and the lowest circulating TMAO concentrations (p < 0.001). After adjusting for BMI and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the correlation between circulating TMAO concentrations and chronotype score was still kept (r = −0.627, p < 0.001). Using a linear regression analysis, higher chronotype scores were mostly associated with lower circulating TMAO concentrations (β = −0.479, t = −12.08, and p < 0.001). Using a restricted cubic spline analysis, we found that a chronotype score ≥59 (p < 0.001, R2 = −0.824) demonstrated a more significant inverse linear relationship with circulating TMAO concentrations compared with knots <59 (neither chronotype) and <41 (evening chronotype). The current study reported the first evidence that higher circulating TMAO concentrations were associated with the evening chronotype that, in turn, is usually linked to an unhealthy lifestyle mostly characterized by low adherence to the MD.
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Crane, T. E., M. B. Skiba, S. Donzella, C. A. Thomson, and S. Parthasarathy. "0414 Chronotype and Sleep Among Ovarian Cancer Survivors Participating in a Lifestyle Intervention." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A158—A159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.411.
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Abstract Introduction Chronotype is defined as an individual’s propensity to sleep at a specific time in a 24-hour cycle with late chronotype associated with poorer health outcomes including cancer. The role of chronotype on lifestyle behaviors remains relatively undefined in ovarian cancer. The Lifestyle Intervention for oVarian cancer Enhanced Survival study is testing whether 1205 women randomized to a diet and physical activity intervention for 24-months will have longer progression-free survival versus attention control. Here we determine the frequency and predictors of late versus early and mid chronotypes in disease-free ovarian cancer survivors. Methods 894 ovarian cancer survivors with baseline measures were included in analyses. Chronotypes were determined using self-reported time to bed (early- < 9 pm; mid- ≥ 9 pm - ≤12 am; late- >12 am) captured through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Demographic, diet and physical activity data were captured with validated questionnaires and BMI measured in clinic. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression, adjusted for smoking status and race, were performed. Results 12.4% of women were late chronotype with significant differences between chronotypes observed for race, smoking history, sleep duration, and physical activity (p < 0.05). Late chronotype reported fewer hours of sleep per night (6.54 ± 1.51hrs) compared to mid (7.10± 1.31hrs) and early (7.74 ± 1.30hrs) chronotype. Blacks had higher odds of being late chronotype, OR 4.28 (95% CI 2.16-8.46). Late chronotype were more likely to report a history of smoking and lower recreational activity and had a higher mean BMI of 29.1± 6.0 kg/m2 compared to mid and early chronotype 27.8± 6.2 kg/m2 and 27.4± 5.4kg/m2, respectively. No significant differences were observed for sleep or diet quality, age, education or employment status. Conclusion Results of this analysis are consistent with other community-based population studies with regard to chronotype and race. Ovarian cancer is aggressive and late chronotype are more likely to have other risk factors that elevate risk of recurrence (obesity, tobacco use and inactivity. Six-month data are being analyzed by treatment arm and will provide important insights as to the role of sleep phase and lifestyle behaviors in this vulnerable population. Support NCT00719303; NCI R01CA186700-01A1
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Plekhanova, Tatiana, Emily Crawley, Melanie J. Davies, Trish Gorely, Deirdre M. Harrington, Ekaterini Ioannidou, Kamlesh Khunti, et al. "Association between Chronotype and Physical Behaviours in Adolescent Girls." Children 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2023): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10050819.
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The aim of this study was to (1) describe accelerometer-assessed physical behaviours by chronotype, and (2) examine the association between chronotype and accelerometer-assessed physical behaviours in a cohort of adolescent girls. Chronotype (single question) and physical behaviours (GENEActiv accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist) were assessed in 965 adolescent girls (13.9 ± 0.8 years). Linear mixed-effects models examined the relationships among chronotype and physical behaviours (time in bed, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sedentary time, overall, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) on weekdays and weekend days. Over the 24 h day, participants spent 46% sedentary, 20% in light activity, 3% in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and 31% in ‘time in bed’. Seventy percent of participants identified as ‘evening’ chronotypes. Compared to evening chronotypes, morning chronotypes engaged in less sedentary time (10 min/day) and had higher overall physical activity (1.3 mg/day, ~30 min of slow walking) on weekdays. Most girls identified as evening chronotypes with a large proportion of their day spent sedentary and a small amount in physical activities which may be exacerbated in evening chronotypes on weekdays. The results maybe be important for programmes aiming to promote physical activity in adolescent girls.
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Sansom, K., J. Walsh, P. Eastwood, K. Maddison, B. Singh, A. Reynolds, J. McVeigh, D. Mazzotti, and N. McArdle. "P124 Chronotype and OSA combine to modify risk of hypertension." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A61—A62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.165.
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Abstract Introduction There are limited data on the association of chronotype and hypertension and on their interaction on hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of chronotype and OSA on risk for prevalent hypertension in a middle-aged community population. Methods Baseline data on adult participants (n=1098, female=58%; age mean [range]=56.7[40.8–80.6] years) from an Australian community cohort study were analysed. Shift workers and individuals with incomplete data were excluded. Prevalent hypertension was defined as ‘doctor diagnosed’ and/or an elevated average systolic blood pressure (BP; ≥140mmHg) or diastolic BP (≥90mmHg). OSA was diagnosed when apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥10 events/hour from in-laboratory polysomnography. Chronotype was determined from actigraphy mid-sleep time on work free days. Tertiles of mid-sleep time were used to categorise morning, intermediate and evening chronotypes. Logistic regression (adjusted for sex, body mass index, age, alcohol consumption and sleep duration) were used to assess the cross-sectional relationship between chronotype, OSA and hypertension. Results After applying exclusion criteria 496 participants were analysed (female=58%; age mean[range]=57.0[42.1–81.6] years). All those with OSA had greater odds of hypertension than those without and there was no difference in risk of hypertension according to chronotype. Compared to morning chronotypes with no OSA (n=84), evening chronotypes with OSA (n=79) had non-significantly increased odds (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.00–4.76; P=0.054) for hypertension while morning chronotypes with OSA (n=82) had significantly increased odds (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.44–6.58; P=0.004). Discussion Morning chronotypes with OSA might be at increased risk of hypertension compared to evening chronotypes with OSA.
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Sempere-Rubio, Nuria, Mariam Aguas, and Raquel Faubel. "Association between Chronotype, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 9646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159646.
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Background: The aim of this systematic review is to compile and assess the scientific evidence about the relationship between chronotypes and physical activity (PA). Methods: A systematic review was executed using a structured electronic search in PubMED, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo and Trip Database. The searches employed keywords such as chronotype, sleep, acrophase, chronotype preference, morningness, physical activity and sedentary, using MeSH terms. JBI critical tools were used to appraise methodological aspects. Results: This systematic review includes 23 studies and a total of 505,375 participants. The results show that evening chronotypes are associated with less PA and more time in sedentary activities. It occurs independently of the instruments used to collect information about chronotype and PA. Nevertheless, this association could be mitigated in young populations and university stages. Conclusions: The chronotypes are clearly associated with the PA level and the sedentary behaviour, especially in the population over their mid-twenties. Evening chronotypes are associated with less PA and more time in sedentary activities compared to morning chronotypes.
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Greenwood, Leah, and Niamh Tattersall. "From night owl to angry bird: Investigating the association between chronotype and aggression." Abuse: An International Impact Journal 4, no. 2 (October 6, 2023): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2023.051.
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Recent attempts to understand the sleep-aggression relationship highlight the importance of the role of cognition. A related but separate concept of sleep, chronotype (i.e., sleep timings) has also been suggested to contribute to levels of aggression. The current study explores the relationship between chronotype, sleep quality, hostility, aggression, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Two hundred and eight participants completed online questionnaires to explore the contribution of hostility and sleep quality as mediators of the chronotype-aggression relationship. Findings indicate that chronotype was associated with levels of aggression, with those with later chronotypes reporting higher levels of aggression. Two mediation models revealed that this relationship was mediated by hostile cognitions (i.e., hostile attribution biases), and partially mediated by sleep quality. The chronotype-IPV relationship was explored, but the association was not significant. Findings indicate that those with late chronotypes may be more susceptible to hostile cognitions which leads to aggressive outcomes. However, there may be additional factors contributing to this relationship when considering violence in relationships. Aggression-focused interventions may benefit from dissecting an individual’s sleep patterns to reduce hostile cognitions and future research would benefit from objective measures of both chronotype and aggression.
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Geoca, A., M. Dowling, and V. Jain. "0783 Relationship Between Chronotype And Sleep Duration Among Medical Students." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.779.
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Abstract Introduction Previous literature has supported the claim that longer sleepers have later chronotypes. It is also thought that later chronotypes may obtain less sleep during workdays. We aimed to study the association between sleep duration and chronotypes in The George Washington University (GWU) medical students. Methods Eighty-six medical students at GWU (62 F [71%], 24 M [29%]; ages 21-33 y [mean 24.4 y]) filled out the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Midpoint of the bedtime and wake times during workdays was used to determine chronotype. Subjects were split into two groupsbased on the median of the distribution (Md=7.5) of the self-reported sleep duration variable; those who sleep less than 7.5 hours (short sleepers), and those who sleep 7.5 hours or longer (long sleepers). Independent samples t-test was used to compare the chronotype measurementsof the long sleepers (n=39) versus short sleepers (n=41). Results Short sleepers had a mean of 6.48 (SD=0.72) hours of sleep while long sleepers had a mean of 8.11 (SD=0.53) hours of sleep. The range of chronotype measures was wider in the long sleepers (1.25 to 7.25; range=6) compared to that in the short sleepers group (1.42 to 5.280; range=3.86). We found no significant mean differences in chronotype between those who slept less than 7.5 hours (mean=3.188, SD=0.858) and those who sleep 7.5 hours or longer (mean=3.201, SD=1.20) [t(77)=0.056; p = .956]. Conclusion Sleep duration among medical students was not associated with their chronotype. This is in opposition to other research findings of decreased sleep duration among later chronotypes. Our findings need to be replicated in a larger sample. Support NA
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Krueger, Bettina, Bianca Stutz, Nicole Jankovic, Ute Alexy, Anna Kilanowski, Lars Libuda, and Anette E. Buyken. "The association of chronotype and social jet lag with body composition in German students: The role of physical activity behaviour and the impact of the pandemic lockdown." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): e0279620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279620.
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Young adults with a later chronotype are vulnerable for a discrepancy in sleep rhythm between work- and free days, called social jet lag (SJL). This study analysed (i) chronotype/SJL association with visceral fat/skeletal muscle mass, (ii) the attribution to physical activity behaviour, and (iii) chronotype-specific changes in physical activity behaviour in young adults during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. Chronotype and SJL were derived from the Munich-Chrono-Type-Questionnaire in 320 German students (age 18–25 years) from September 2019 to January 2020, 156 of these participated in an online follow-up survey in June 2020. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis at baseline. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to relate chronotype/SJL to body composition; the contribution of self-reported physical activity was tested by mediation analysis. At baseline, a later chronotype and a larger SJL were associated with a higher visceral fat mass (P<0.05), this relation was notably mediated by the attention to physical activity (P<0.05). Chronotype (P = 0.02) but not SJL (P = 0.87) was inversely associated with skeletal muscle mass. During the pandemic lockdown, chronotype hardly changed, but SJL was reduced. Timing and physical activity behaviour remained in most participants and changes were unrelated to chronotype (all P>0.07). A later chronotype/higher SJL may increase the risk of a higher visceral fat mass even in this relatively healthy sample, which may be partly due to their physical activity behaviour. Despite a reduction in SJL during the pandemic lockdown, later chronotypes did not change their physical activity behaviour more than earlier chronotypes.
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Barrea, Luigi, Ludovica Verde, Claudia Vetrani, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, and Giovanna Muscogiuri. "Chronotype: A Tool to Screen Eating Habits in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?" Nutrients 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14050955.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, whose lifestyle approach is an essential part of the treatment. Recently, chronotype, i.e., a trait that determines individual’s circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythms, has been reported to play a role in determining nutrition preferences and the risk of developing chronic diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if chronotype categories (morning, evening, and neither) could be used as tool to screen eating habits in women with PCOS. In this observational cross-sectional study, we assessed anthropometric measurements, lifestyle habits, chronotype categories, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, dietary pattern, and metabolic parameters in 112 women with PCOS. Chronotype was classified as morning in 27.7%, evening in 42.9%, and neither in 29.5% of subjects. Women with PCOS with evening chronotype showed significantly higher percentages of grade I (p = 0.003) and grade II obesity (p = 0.001), did less regular exercise (p < 0.001), and most of them were smokers (p < 0.001) compared to those with neither and morning chronotypes. Women with PCOS with evening chronotype were significantly more insulin resistant (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HoMA-IR) cut off > 2.5) than other two chronotypes (p < 0.001). Women with PCOS with evening chronotype had the lowest PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea (PREDIMED) score, consumed more calories (p < 0.001), total (p < 0.001) and simple carbohydrates (p < 0.001), total fat (p < 0.001) and saturated fatty acids (p < 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001), and less fiber (p < 0.001) than women with PCOS with other chronotypes. In addition, women with PCOS with evening chronotype consumed less extra virgin olive oil (p = 0.001), legumes (p = 0.038), fish/seafood (p < 0.001), and tree nuts (p = 0.041) than women with PCOS of the other two chronotype categories and less red wine (p < 0.001) and more red/processed meat (p < 0.001) than women with PCOS with morning chronotype. In conclusion, in women with PCOS, evening chronotype has been associated with a most severe insulin resistance and unhealthiest eating habits. Thus, chronotype assessment could be an effective tool to screen the eating habits, and more generally the lifestyle, of women with PCOS.
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Nogueira, Nathálya Gardênia de Holanda Marinh, Bárbara de Paula Ferreira, Fernanda Veruska Narciso, Juliana Otoni Parma, Sara Edith Souza de Assis Leão, Guilherme Menezes Lage, and Lidiane Aparecida Fernandes. "Influence of Chronotype on Motor Behavior in Healthy Individuals: Analyses of Manual Dexterity in Different Times of the Day." Motor Control 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2020-0094.
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This study investigated the influence of chronotype on motor behavior in a manual dexterity task performed at different times of the day. Sixteen healthy adults of each chronotype (morning, evening, and neither), as measured by the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, practiced both conditions of the Grooved Pegboard Test either in the morning or in the afternoon to early evening. The “neither” chronotype (65.12 ± 7.46) was outperformed (ps ≤ .03) by both the morning (56.09 ± 7.21) and evening (58.94 ± 7.53) chronotypes when the task had higher cognitive and motor demand but was not outperformed in the task with lower demand (morning = 18.46 ± 2.11; evening = 19.34 ± 2.79; neither = 21.47 ± 2.54; p > .05). No difference between the morning and evening chronotypes was found at the different times of the day (ps > .05), suggesting that a manual dexterity task is not sufficiently demanding to be influenced by chronotype.
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Sperry, Sarah, Elaine Boland, Helen Burgess, Robert Gonzalez, Suzanne Gonzalez, Jacqueline Lane, Michael McCarthy, Margo Menkes, Victoria Murphy, and Philip Gehrman. "0636 Examination of longitudinal chronotype stability in individuals with bipolar disorder and healthy controls." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0636.
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Abstract Introduction Introduction: Circadian rhythms have long been conceptualized as central to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Numerous cross-sectional analyses have demonstrated associations of eveningness with BD and greater severity of mood symptoms. Longitudinal studies that evaluate stability of chronotype and its association with mood symptoms are lacking. Methods 88 BD2) from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of BD. Participants completed an average of 10 years of longitudinal assessments of depression (PHQ-9) and mania (Altman Self-Reported Mania Scale) every 2 months, and chronotype (Munich ChronoType Questionnaire) annually. Chronotype was assessed using both a single item from the MCTQ in which seven possible chronotypes were presented (from extreme early to extreme late type), and the calculation of midpoint of sleep on work-free days, sleep-corrected (MSFsc). We calculated (in)stability using the mean square successive difference (MSSD) and assessed the relationship between mood, age, sex, medication, and stability using mixed effects models. Results Results: Individuals with BD1 and BD2 reported later chronotypes compared to HC. Individuals with BD1 had later MSFsc as well as greater instability in chronotype and MSFsc compared to HC. Greater instability in chronotype was associated with higher depression and mania symptom severity. Treatment with mood stabilizers was associated with less instability in MSFsc, while antidepressant treatment was associated with greater instability in MSFsc. Conclusion Discussion: These results provide the strongest evidence to date of later chronotypes in individuals with BD. This is the largest examination of longitudinal stability of chronotype and results indicate that only BD1 is associated with greater instability over time. This instability, in part, reflects changes in mood symptoms over time, as well as in medication use. These data highlight the importance of assessment and treatment of circadian disruption in individuals BD. Support (if any) Heinz C. Prechter Bipolar Research Program
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Hicks, Hilary, Genna Losinski, Pilar Thangwaritorn, Alex Laffer, and Amber Watts. "USING ACTIGRAPHY TO ASSESS CHRONOTYPE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2390.
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Abstract Chronotype refers to the time of day that people prefer to be active or to sleep and varies predictably across the lifespan. In younger samples, the morning-chronotype is related to greater levels of physical activity (PA) and improved health outcomes. It is unclear whether this pattern holds in older adults, a group that commonly exhibits an “early bird” preference. We investigated differences in PA patterns between chronotypes in 109 older adults (Mage = 70.45 years) using wrist-worn ActiGraphs in a free-living environment. ActiGraphs captured data about PA and sleep using a novel approach to measuring chronotype with the mid-point of the sleep interval. We categorized participants as morning-, intermediate-, or evening-chronotypes. We used ANCOVA to predict total and average peak PA from chronotype, adjusting for age, sex, education, and BMI. Total PA significantly differed between chronotypes such that evening-types engaged in less PA than both morning- and intermediate-types, F (2,102) = 4.377, p =.015. Average peak activity did not differ between chronotypes, p =.112. Consistent with findings in younger samples, our evening type participants engaged in less overall activity. A unique finding was that evening-types did not differ from their morning- and intermediate-chronotype peers in peak activity levels. This implies a key distinction between total activity and peak activity levels consistent with recent trends in PA research using a 24-hour-a-day framework instead of average or total activity levels. Future research should consider whether these differences in activity patterns translate into meaningful differences in health benefits in this age group.
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Muscogiuri, Giovanna, Luigi Barrea, Sara Aprano, Lydia Framondi, Rossana Di Matteo, Daniela Laudisio, Gabriella Pugliese, Silvia Savastano, and Annamaria Colao. "Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051354.
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Chronotype is the attitude of a subject in determining individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythm relative to the external light–dark cycle. Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with evening chronotype. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy nutritional pattern that has been reported to be associated with better health and quality of sleep. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the association of chronotype categories with adherence to the MD in a population of middle-aged Italian adults. This cross-sectional study included 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years) that were consecutively enrolled in a campaign to prevent obesity called the OPERA (obesity, programs of nutrition, education, research and assessment of the best treatment) Prevention Project that was held in Naples on 11–13 October 2019. Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the MD and chronotype were studied. Chronotype was classified as morning in 58.1% of subjects, evening in 12.8% and intermediate in 28.1%. Our results demonstrated that individuals with evening chronotype, when compared to intermediate (p < 0.001) and morning chronotype (p < 0.001), were more prone to follow unhealthy lifestyle, performing less regular activity and being more frequently smokers. In addition, they showed the lowest adherence to the MD compared to morning (p < 0.001) and intermediate chronotypes (p < 0.001). The lower the chronotype score, the higher body mass index (BMI) values in the whole population (r = −0.158; p = 0.038), thus suggesting that evening chronotype was a common finding in subjects with obesity. In addition, positive correlations of chronotype score with age (r = 0.159; p = 0.037) and PREDIMED score (r = 0.656; p < 0.001) were found. The adherence to the MD, more than the intake of the single food items, was found to predict morning and evening chronotypes. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with unhealthy lifestyle and low adherence to the MD. Chronotype score was inversely associated to BMI and positively associated to age and adherence to the MD. Thus, the assessment of chronotype should be taken into account in the management of obesity and in the development of nutritional strategies.
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Cox, Rebecca, Kenneth Wright, John Axelsson, and Leonie Balter. "0956 Diurnal Variation in Anxiety and Activity Is Influenced by Chronotype and Probable Anxiety-related Disorder Status." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0956.
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Abstract Introduction Anxiety symptoms can vary extensively within a given day. One factor that may influence these variations is chronotype. Evening chronotypes prefer to engage in activities (e.g., sleep, physical and social activity) later in the day and are more likely to suffer from anxiety-related disorders. We here wanted to determine how chronotype influences diurnal variation in anxiety symptoms and to what degree such effects are amplified in individuals with a probable anxiety-related disorder. Methods We examined the diurnal variation in anxiety symptoms and daily activities in morning and evening chronotypes with and without probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a community sample of adults (N=407; n=318 female, n=87 male, n=2 non-binary; Mage=32.1 ±8.9). Participants reported symptoms and activities during six diurnal sessions between ~08:00-00:00. Chronotype was measured by the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Diurnal patterns of individual anxiety symptoms and activities and influence of probable GAD or OCD status and chronotype were tested by fitting generalized additive mixed effects models. Models were built with increasing complexity, including time of day, chronotype, and probable GAD/OCD and their interactions. Results Anxiety symptoms were higher in the evening and engagement in daily activities were lower in the morning in evening chronotypes (p's<.05), and these findings were most pronounced in those with probable GAD or OCD (p's<.05). Evening chronotypes with probable GAD or OCD reported worse anxiety symptoms in the evening and engaged less in daily activities in the morning and evening than their morning chronotype counterparts (p's<.05). Conclusion The highest levels of anxiety symptoms are experienced in the evening. The worst evening anxiety symptoms were reported in evening chronotypes, despite preferring this time of day. Personalized treatment approaches should consider that anxiety symptoms are typically highest in the evening and that this is particularly true in evening chronotypes with a high risk for having GAD or OCD. Support (if any) NIH T32HL149646 (RCC, KPW); SU-Region Stockholm (nr FoUI-980356, LB, JA); Rut and Arvid Wolff Memorial Foundation (nr FS-2021:0008, LB)
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Liu, Zhiwei, Yingying Dong, Ying Xu, and Fei Zhou. "Chronotype distribution in the Chinese population." Brain Science Advances 6, no. 2 (June 2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/bsa.2020.9050004.
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Purpose: Individual chronotypes are reported to be closely associated with mood, health status, and even disease progression. However, no reports of chronotype distribution in the Chinese population have been made available to date. Methods: We performed a chronotype survey using the classic Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire both online and offline. The webpage-based online survey was distributed via a social network application on mobile phones. The offline survey was distributed to local primary and middle schools. A total of 9476 questionnaires were collected, of which 8395 were valid. The mean age of the participants was 30.38 ± 11.47 years, and 37.38% were male. Results: Overall, the Chinese chronotypes showed a near-normal distribution with a slight shift toward eveningness. When analyzed in different age groups, the overall Chinese population was shown to be “latest” in their early twenties. In the young population, two significant points of change in chronotype were identified at the ages of 10 and 16 years. The chronotype composition remained relatively stable during early adulthood (from 17 to 28 years of age). Conclusion: This study generated the first overview of chronotype distribution in the Chinese population and will serve as essential background data for future studies.
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Henson, Joseph, Alex V. Rowlands, Emma Baldry, Emer M. Brady, Melanie J. Davies, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Thomas Yates, and Andrew P. Hall. "Physical behaviors and chronotype in people with type 2 diabetes." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (July 2020): e001375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001375.
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IntroductionPrevious investigations have suggested that evening chronotypes may be more susceptible to obesity-related metabolic alterations. However, whether device-measured physical behaviors differ by chronotype in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unknown.Research design and methodsThis analysis reports data from the ongoing Chronotype of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Effect on Glycaemic Control (CODEC) observational study. Eligible participants were recruited from both primary and secondary care settings in the Midlands area, UK. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer (GENEActiv, ActivInsights, Kimbolton, UK) on their non-dominant wrist for 7 days to quantify different physical behaviors (sleep, sedentary, light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), intensity gradient, average acceleration and the acceleration above which the most active continuous 2, 10, 30 and 60 min are accumulated). Chronotype preference (morning, intermediate or evening) was assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses assessed whether chronotype preference was associated with physical behaviors and their timing. Evening chronotypes were considered as the reference group.Results635 participants were included (age=63.8±8.4 years, 34.6% female, body mass index=30.9±5.1 kg/m2). 25% (n=159) of the cohort were morning chronotypes, 52% (n=330) intermediate and 23% (n=146) evening chronotypes. Evening chronotypes had higher sedentary time (28.7 min/day, 95% CI 8.6 to 48.3) and lower MVPA levels (–9.7 min/day, –14.9 to –4.6) compared to morning chronotypes. The intensity of the most active continuous 2-60 min of the day, average acceleration and intensity gradient were lower in evening chronotypes. The timing of physical behaviors also differed across chronotypes, with evening chronotypes displaying a later sleep onset and consistently later physical activity time.ConclusionsPeople with T2DM lead a lifestyle characterized by sedentary behaviors and insufficient MVPA. This may be exacerbated in those with a preference for ‘eveningness’ (ie, go to bed late and get up late).
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Cox, Rebecca, Hannah Ritchie, Kate Sprecher, Tina Burke, Alexandra Smits, Oliver Knauer, Molly Guerin, Ellen Stothard, Christopher Depner, and Kenneth Wright. "0259 Chronotype and affective response to sleep restriction, sleep deprivation, and circadian misalignment." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A116—A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.257.
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Abstract Introduction Late chronotypes have been shown to have decreased positive affect during the day and during sleep loss. Findings for negative affect are inconsistent. The present analysis examined the effect of chronotype on positive and negative affect during two sleep and circadian challenges. Methods In both studies, chronotype was determined by habitual mid-sleep time. In Study 1, 10 healthy adults (5 early, 5 late chronotypes) completed a 10-day protocol of sleep restriction followed by total sleep deprivation. Participants maintained habitual 8h sleep schedules at home for 1 week, then completed a 2-day in-laboratory protocol: 4h of sleep restriction, followed by a 4h sleep opportunity, followed by 28h of sleep deprivation. Affect was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) every hour during scheduled wakefulness. In Study 2, 14 healthy adults (7 early, 7 late chronotypes) completed a 39-day protocol of combined sleep restriction and circadian misalignment. Participants maintained habitual 8h sleep schedules at home for 2 weeks, then completed a 4-day in-laboratory protocol with the following sleep opportunities: 8h on night 1, 3h on night 2, and 3h on mornings 3 and 4. After 3 days of at-home unscheduled recovery sleep opportunities, the protocol was repeated. Affect was assessed with the PANAS every 3h during scheduled wakefulness. Data from each study were analyzed separately with mixed-model ANOVA. Results Positive affect decreased during sleep restriction+sleep deprivation and sleep restriction+circadian misalignment (p<.05), regardless of chronotype. However, late chronotypes reported lower positive affect than early chronotypes across both sleep/circadian challenges (p<.05), and this effect was accounted for by baseline positive affect. Negative affect was not consistently impacted by sleep/circadian challenges or chronotype, with or without considering baseline negative affect. In both studies, chronotype did not interact with sleep/circadian challenges. Conclusion These findings are consistent with prior work showing later chronotypes have lower positive affect. Chronotype and sleep loss/circadian misalignment may impact affect through independent mechanisms. Future work is needed to replicate these findings in larger samples with more extreme chronotypes. Support (If Any) Office of Naval Research MURI N00014-15-1-2809; CurAegis Technologies Inc. (formerly Torvec, Inc), NIH HL109706, NIH TR001082; Undergraduate Research Opportunities Grant University of Colorado Boulder.
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AKTAŞ, Sakine, and Pınar GUZEL OZDEMİR. "Effects of Chronotype and Social Jet-Lag on Neurocognitive Functioning." Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1140109.
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The chronotype, which reflects the circadian rhythm preferences of individuals in their daily activities and sleep-wake cycles, can be considered on a dimension of extreme morningism and extreme eveningism. Individuals with extreme morning and extreme evening chronotypes face many physical and psychological dangers due to accumulated sleep debt, short total sleep time and insufficient sleep efficiency. In extreme chronotypes, especially in extreme evening people, the social jet-lag effect due to the mismatch between social and circadian clocks is thought to exacerbate these dangers. More recent studies have suggested that social jet-lag and chronotype have many negative effects on cognitive functioning. The aim of this article is to review the impact of social jet-lag and chronotype on cognitive functioning.
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Petrov, Megan, Matthew Buman, Dana Epstein, Shawn Youngstedt, Nicole Hoffmann, Jennifer Mattingly, Kristina Hasanaj, et al. "660 Chronotype Associations with Insomnia, Depressive Symptoms, and Changes in Sleep and Health Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.658.
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Abstract Introduction Evening chronotype (i.e., night owl preference) is associated with worse insomnia and depressive symptoms, and poorer health behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the association between chronotype and these symptoms and health behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic quarantine. Methods An online survey, distributed internationally via social media from 5/21/2020–7/1/2020, asked adults to report sociodemographic/economic information, changes in sleep (midpoint, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, time-in-bed), and health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary screen time, and outdoor light exposure patterns) from prior to during the pandemic, chronotype preference (definitely morning [DM], rather more morning [RM], rather more evening [RE], or definitely evening [DE]), and complete the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D-10). Multinomial logistic regression and ANCOVA models, adjusting for age and sex, examined associations of chronotype with COVID-19 pandemic related impacts on sleep, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors. Results A subsample of 579 participants (M age: 39y, range: 18–80; 73.6% female), currently under quarantine and neither pregnant nor performing shift work, represented each chronotype evenly (~25%). Participants delayed their sleep midpoint by 72.0min (SD=111.5) during the pandemic. DE chronotypes had a greater delay than morning types (M±SD DE: 91.0±9.0 vs. RM: 55.9±9.2 & DM: 66.1±9.3; p=0.046) with no significant change in other sleep patterns relative to other chronotypes. However, DE and RE chronotypes had greater odds of reporting that their new sleep/wake schedule was still not consistent with their “body clock” preference relative to morning types (Χ2[15]=54.8, p<0.001), reported greater ISI (F[3,503]=5.3, p=.001) and CES-D-10 scores (F[3,492]=7.9, p<.001), and had greater odds for increased or consistently moderate-to-high sedentary screen time (Χ2[12]=22.7, p=0.03) and decreased physical activity (Χ2[12]=22.5, p=0.03) than DM chronotype. There was no significant difference in change in outdoor light exposure by chronotype (Χ2[12]=12.1, p=0.43). Conclusion In an international online sample of adults under COVID-19 pandemic quarantine, evening chronotypes, despite taking the opportunity to delay sleep to match biological clock preference, reported their sleep/wake schedules were still inconsistent with personal preference, and reported greater insomnia and depressive symptoms, and odds of engaging in poorer health behaviors than morning chronotypes. Support (if any):
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Gorokhova, Svetlana G., Oleg Yu Atkov, Vasiliy V. Serikov, Elena V. Muraseeva, and Viktor F. Pfaf. "Bimodal chronotype in night-shift workers." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 12 (February 15, 2019): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-12-59-63.
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Introduction. Typology of diurnal (circadian) human rhythms is actively studied in occupational medicine, from the viewpoint of adaptation to various work conditions including those with shift working schedule. In recent years, evidences outline bimodal chronotype characterized by simultaneously present signs of extreme morning and extreme evening types without dominating one of them. Studies did not cover bimodal chronotype in night-shift workers.Objective is to evaluate presence of bimodal chronotype in night-shift workers if compared to day-shift schedule.Materials and methods. Chronotype outlining covered 95 workers divided into 2 groups: first — 55 night-shift workers, second — 40 workers on day schedule. Bimodal chronotype was diagnosed via algorithm based on questionnaire Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) by B.J. Martynhak et al.Results. Findings are that 7.3% of night-shift workers and 5.0% of workers with day schedule demonstrate bimodal chronotype. Changed chronotype classification leads to smaller share of workers with intermediate chronotype, but quota of morning and evening chronotypes does not change. Possibility of bimodal chronotype should be respected in examination of workers for designing health programs with consideration of chronotype-associated diseases and for better performance due to rational management of working time.Conclusions. Diagnosis of individual chronotype is a serious part in health programs formation in able-bodied population. Chronotype knowledge helps to minimize possible decrease and losses of performance due to rational working time management and preventive programs aimed to diagnose chronotype-associated health disorders.
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Беляева and Viktoriya Belyaeva. "The features of adaptation possibilities of the suvorov military school students withdifferent chronotype." Vladikavkaz Medico-Biological Bulletin 21, no. 31 (January 1, 2015): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17131.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the chronotype, parameters of the bioelectrograms, indicators of the chronotop spatial-temporal perception of the Suvorov Military School students of 13–14 years old. The representatives of expressed morning chronotype dominate among them. “Individual minute” in the students practically coincides with the astronomical minute. It was found out that the parameter of bioelectrogram «fractality» is above in the students with indifferent chronotype, but “mood” is lower than that in the students with expressed morning chronotype.
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Hittle, Beverly M., Claire C. Caruso, Holly J. Jones, Amit Bhattacharya, Joshua Lambert, and Gordon L. Gillespie. "Nurse Health: The Influence of Chronotype and Shift Timing." Western Journal of Nursing Research 42, no. 12 (May 17, 2020): 1031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945920916802.
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Extreme chronotype and circadian disrupting work hours may increase nurse disease risks. This national, cross-sectional study of nurses ( N = 527) had three hypotheses. When chronotype and shift times are incongruent, nurses will experience increased likelihood of (1) obesity, (2) cardiovascular disease/risk factors, and (3) obesity or cardiovascular disease/risk factors when theoretically linked variables exist. Chronotype mismatched nurses’ ( n = 206) average sleep (6.1 hours, SD = 1.2) fell below 7–9 hours/24-hours sleep recommendations. Proportion of male nurses was significantly higher chronotype mismatched (12.3%) than matched (6.3%). Analyses found no direct relationship between chronotype match/mismatch with outcome variables. Exploratory interaction analysis demonstrated nurses with mismatched chronotype and above average sleep quality had an estimated 3.51 times the adjusted odds (95% CI 1.52,8.17; p = .003) of being obese. Although mechanism is unclear, this suggests sleep quality may be intricately associated with obesity. Further research is needed to inform nurses on health risks from disrupted sleep, chronotypes, and shift work.
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Jabeen, Surriya, Aneesa Matloob, and Syed Mohammad Maqsood. "PRESENT TREND IN EVENINGNESS AMONGST MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE EAST." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 04 (April 10, 2015): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.04.1335.
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Objectives: To analyze individual preference in organizing their behavior within24 hours(Human chronotypes) also referred to as morningness/ eveningness. Setting: DowMedical College, Dow university of Health Sciences Karachi. Period: From September 2012 toDecember 2013. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Subjects (Medical students) fromfirst semester to final semester were invited to participate in this study, A total of 710 subjectswere included. Their demographic data such as age, gender was obtained. Instrument is anintegrated questionnaire (Horne JA and Ostberg O Morningness- Eveningness questionnaireMEQ original 1976) designed to assess chronotype of young adult population. Results:Out of different existing chronotypes, biggest group which dominated the current study wasintermediate type. Conclusions: Present study determined, chronotype of young population(medical students) of this region. The assessment of individual chronotype is important not onlyfor the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, additionally to evaluate ability to adapt forspecific work schedule.
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López-Gil, José Francisco, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, and Mayra Fernanda Martínez-López. "What Is the Relationship between Chronotype and Disordered Eating in Adolescents? The EHDLA Study." Nutrients 16, no. 16 (August 6, 2024): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16162576.
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Background: Evidence assessing the relationship between chronotype and disordered eating in adolescents is scarce. The current study tried to evaluate the association between chronotype and disordered eating in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Methods: This secondary cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study. The sample consisted of 703 adolescents (56.3% girls) aged between 12 and 17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). Chronotype was assessed using the Morningness/Eveningness Scale in Children (MESC). Disordered eating was evaluated by two psychologists using the Sick, Control, One, Fat, and Food (SCOFF) questionnaire. Results: Adolescents with an eveningness chronotype showed a higher SCOFF score (estimated marginal mean [M] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7 to 1.5) in comparison with adolescents with a morningness chronotype (M = 0.7; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8) (p = 0.010), as well as with those with an intermediate chronotype (M = 0.6; 95% CI 0.5 to 0.8) (p = 0.032). A higher predictive probability of having disordered eating was identified in adolescents with an eveningness chronotype (39.5%; 95% CI 22.8% to 59.1%), compared to adolescents with an intermediate chronotype (14.9%; 95% CI 10.8% to 20.1%) (p = 0.008) and with their counterparts with a morningness chronotype (16.9%; 95% CI 11.6% to 24.0%) (p = 0.021). Conclusions: This study reveals that adolescents with an eveningness chronotype are more likely to exhibit disordered eating behaviors compared to those with morningness or intermediate chronotypes. These findings highlight the importance of considering chronotype in adolescent health, particularly in developing targeted interventions to prevent eating disorders.
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Ragozin, Oleg N., Elena Yu Schalamova, Fatima S. Datieva, and Irina A. Pogonysheva. "Photoperiodic chronotype stability in students of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra and Vladikavkaz." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University 57, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/22-1/07.
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The aim of the work is to establish the peculiarities of the organization of various aspects of life in the dynamics of the winter/summer seasons among students studying in the conditions of the photoperiod of the northern region (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area Yugra) and the temperate climatic zone (Vladikavkaz). In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, among students of both sexes, the proportion of persons with evening chronotypes was higher than in Vladikavkaz. Among thenorthernyoung men, there were no persons with a definite morning chronotype, and among the Vladikavkaz students there was noone with a definite evening chronotype; in the southern region, the share of larks was higher. In the dynamics of winter/summer in all groups, an increase in the proportion of larks was found, less pronounced in young men. Among the students of Vladikavkaz in both seasons, young men predominated among morning chronotypes, the percentage of persons with an arrhythmic chronotype was higher among young women. The values of the index of photoperiodic stability, in general, characterize the chronotype of the examined students as rigid. In the organization of life in the social group of students, social generators of rhythm prevail over natural factors.
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Jędrzejczyk, Justyna, Aleksandra Korn, Olga Łopacińska, Katarzyna Stańczyk, Karolina Czarnecka, Emilia Wójcik, Anna Korczak, et al. "Late chronotype and associated health problems." Quality in Sport 15 (July 7, 2024): 52251. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/qs.2024.15.52251.
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Introduction: Chronotype reflects an individual's preference for activity and rest within a 24-hour period, governed by the internal circadian clock system located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. There are three chronotypes: Morning, Evening, and Intermediate. The evening type is also called “night owls” or late chronotype. Night owls prefer to be active in the evening and sleep and wake up late. The misalignment between the sleep patterns in late chronotype and the social schedules puts the night owls in danger of physical and mental health issues. Purpose of work: The primary aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the impact of late chronotype on health. Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database, the following keywords and their combinations were searched: "chronotype", “mental health", "cancer", “late chronotype”, “circadian rhythm”, “type 2 diabetes”, “depression”. State of knowledge: Studies have confirmed that late chronotype is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, alcohol and cigarette addiction, and unhealthy eating habits. Furthermore, the evening chronotype is an independent risk factor for depression. It is also linked with anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Summary: In this review, we have summarized the latest research on late chronotype, circadian misalignment, and their potential consequences on human health. Most studies on evening chronotype and related health issues are cross-sectional. Further longitudinal or experimental research is needed to examine the potential cause-and-effect relationships on this cause.
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Nishimura, Kazuki, Yutaro Tamari, Yuka Nose, Hidetaka Yamaguchi, Sho Onodera, and Koji Nagasaki. "Effects of Irregular Mealtimes on Social and Eating Jet Lags among Japanese College Students." Nutrients 15, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092128.
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College students’ social and eating jet lags and chronotypes may be related to irregular eating habits. Therefore, we examined the relationship between social and eating jet lags, chronotypes, variability in first and last mealtimes, and non-eating duration, as well as the effects of snacking between dinner and bedtime on social and eating jet lags, chronotypes, and mealtime variation. A total of 1900 Japanese male college students were recruited in this study. Mean wake-up time, bedtime, sleeping time, first and last mealtimes, snacks between meals, non-eating duration, the midpoint of non-eating duration, social and eating jet lags, and chronotype were calculated. Standard deviations in first and last mealtimes, the midpoint of non-eating duration, and the coefficient of variation in non-eating duration were used to evaluate mealtime variations. Mealtime variations were significantly associated with social and eating jet lags, chronotype, the midpoint of non-eating duration, and the difference in first and last mealtime between school holidays and class days. Chronotype and the midpoint of non-eating duration were significantly delayed with increased snacking after dinner. Mealtime variations were significantly lower in those who avoided snacking than in those who did not. Thus, social and eating jet lags and chronotypes are associated with sleep habits and mealtime irregularities.
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van Oosterhout, WPJ, EJW van Someren, GG Schoonman, MA Louter, GJ Lammers, MD Ferrari, and GM Terwindt. "Chronotypes and circadian timing in migraine." Cephalalgia 38, no. 4 (March 20, 2017): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417698953.
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Background It has been suggested that migraine attacks strike according to circadian patterns and that this might be related to individual chronotype. Here we evaluated and correlated individual chronotypes, stability of the circadian rhythm, and circadian attack timing in a large and well-characterised migraine population. Methods In 2875 migraine patients and 200 non-headache controls we assessed differences in: (i) distribution of chronotypes (Münich Chronotype Questionnaire); (ii) the circadian rhythm’s amplitude and stability (Circadian Type Inventory); and (iii) circadian timing of migraine attacks. Data were analysed using multinomial and linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, sleep quality and depression. Results Migraineurs more often showed an early chronotype compared with controls (48.9% versus 38.6%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58–3.69; p < 0.001); as well as a late chronotypes (37.7% versus 38.1%; adjusted OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.10–2.61; p = 0.016). Migraineurs, particularly those with high attack frequency, were more tired after changes in circadian rhythm (i.e. more languid; p < 0.001) and coped less well with being active at unusual hours (i.e. more rigid; p < 0.001) than controls. Of 2389 migraineurs, 961 (40.2%) reported early morning attack onset. Conclusion Migraine patients are less prone to be of a normal chronotype than controls. They are more languid and more rigid when changes in circadian rhythm occur. Most migraine attacks begin in the early morning. These data suggest that chronobiological mechanisms play a role in migraine pathophysiology.
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Al Abdullatif, Rawan A., Shaea Alkahtani, Graham Finlayson, and Maha H. Alhussain. "Chronotypes and their Association with Obesity-Related Lifestyle Behaviors among Young Female Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021305.
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Circadian rhythms have emerged as key influences on lifestyle behaviors. Circadian rhythms vary inter-individually, and people can be stratified by circadian preference, known as their chronotype, from extreme morning types to extreme evening types. Young adults undergo chronotype changes that involve shifts from morning to evening types. We aimed to examine the association between chronotype and obesity-related lifestyle behaviors, including dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep patterns, among young females. A total of 387 college female students aged 18–25 years completed this cross-sectional study. The participants were classified into three groups (morning, intermediate, and evening types) according to the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ; long version) score. Each individual’s anthropometry and body composition were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The Bouchard Three-Day Physical Activity Record was used to assess physical activity levels. Sleep patterns were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The differences between chronotype groups were tested using a Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The chronotypes were significantly associated with sleep quality (p = 0.010) and daytime sleepiness (p = 0.035). However, no significant associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep duration with the chronotypes were found. Our results show that both sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were associated with the chronotypes. Further research is warranted to identify the potential bidirectional associations between circadian rhythms and lifestyle behaviors among different age groups.
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Amicis, Ramona De, Letizia Galasso, Riccardo Cavallaro, Sara Paola Mambrini, Lucia Castelli, Angela Montaruli, Eliana Roveda, et al. "Sex Differences in the Relationship between Chronotype and Eating Behaviour: A Focus on Binge Eating and Food Addiction." Nutrients 15, no. 21 (October 28, 2023): 4580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15214580.
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Background: Men are more likely than women to have subthreshold overeating disorders. Lifestyle plays a role as a determinant, while chronotype is an emerging factor. Chronotype explains the natural preferences of wakefulness and activity throughout the day: evening chronotypes (E-Types), those most productive in the evening, have been linked with unhealthy dietary patterns and a higher propensity to substance addiction than morning types (M-Types). Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study on 750 overweight or obese adults (70% females, 48 ± 10 years, BMI 31.7 ± 5.8 kg/m2). The Binge-Eating Scale, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), and the MEDAS questionnaire were used to assess binge eating, food addiction, chronotype, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, respectively. Results: No differences in BES binge-eating and FA food-addiction scores occurred between chronotypes, but we found significant interactions between sex × rMEQ score. While women showed the same prevalence for binge eating and food addiction across all chronotypes, binge eating and food addiction risk increased with reducing rMEQ score in men, indicating that being male and E-Type increases the risk association of binge eating and/or food addiction prevalence. Conclusions: chronotype is associated with binge eating and food addiction in men, emphasizing the link between chronobiology and sex differences as determinants in appetite and eating behaviour dysregulation and in overweight and obesity.
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Sato, Toshiaki, Yuki Kawakatsu, Miki Takahata, Shuhei Muraoka, Daisuke Kudo, Shinji Satake, and Aaron Eakman. "0093 Chronotypic characteristics of sleep, mental health, and daily life of Japanese university of health sciences students." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0093.
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Abstract Introduction Students’ lifestyles change after entering the university negatively impacting effective sleep regulation, daytime alertness, motivation to learn, and mental health. An evening chronotype has been increasingly associated with negative impacts upon performance and well-being. Greater understanding of chronotype differences in sleep-related, mental health, and daily life characteristics is needed to develop a sleep health promoting intervention. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive design among health sciences students (nursing, occupational therapy and physical therapy) in a Japanese university. The Japanese version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-J) was used to create morning (M), intermediate (I), and evening (E) chronotype groups. One-way analysis of variance was used to investigate differences among chronotype groups by sleep, mental health, and daily life characteristics. We assessed insomnia severity (ISI-J), sleep quality (PSQI-J), sleep hygiene (SHPS-J), daytime sleepiness and dysfunctional sleep beliefs; depression (JCES-D) and anxiety; and time use in club, commuting, sleep, and work, as well as engagement in meaningful day-to-day activities (EMAS-J), significant group differences were explored post-hoc. Results Of 369 students there were 21% classified as M chronotype, 63% as I, and 16 % as E; an approximate 1:3:1 ratio. Sleep quality was progressively better as chronotype advanced from E, to I, to M (PSQI-J: d range 0.41-1.07); along with sleep problems being less likely (ISI-J: d range 0.45-1.16). Sleep hygiene practices were most effective for the M chronotype, followed by I then E (SHPS-J: d range 0.49-1.14). No group differences were found in daytime sleepiness or dysfunctional sleep beliefs. Depression symptoms were greater in the E chronotype compared to I and M (JCES-D: d range 0.52-0.84). M chronotypes reported the longest commuting times (d range 0.45-0.55). No differences were found in sleep duration or time spent in other activity types. Lastly, M chronotypes reported engaging in more meaningful activities compared to E (EMAS-J: d = 0.47). Conclusion Sleep health lifestyle intervention should target chronotype preference to be less evening-like, thereby promoting sleep quality and mental health. Intervention could tailor sleep hygiene beliefs and skills to address sleep timing, pre-sleep arousal and environment regulation according to individuals’ daily life characteristics and chronotype differences. Support (if any)
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Brady, Emer M., Andrew P. Hall, Emma Baldry, Sudesna Chatterjee, Lois J. Daniels, Charlotte Edwardson, Kamlesh Khunti, et al. "Rationale and design of a cross-sectional study to investigate and describe the chronotype of patients with type 2 diabetes and the effect on glycaemic control: the CODEC study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e027773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027773.
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IntroductionA person’s chronotype is their entrained preference for sleep time within the 24 hours clock. It is described by the well-known concept of the ‘lark’ (early riser) and ‘owl’ (late sleeper). Evidence suggests that the ‘owl’ is metabolically disadvantaged due to the standard organisation of our society which favours the ‘lark’ and places physiological stresses on this chronotype. The aim of this study is to explore cardiometabolic health between the lark and owl in a population with an established metabolic condition - type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis cross-sectional, multisite study aims to recruit 2247 participants from both secondary and primary care settings. The primary objective is to compare glycaemic control between late and early chronotypes. Secondary objectives include determining if late-chronotype is associated with poorer cardiometabolic health and other lifestyle factors, including well-being, compared with early-chronotype; describing the prevalence of the five different chronotypes in this cohort and examining the trends in glycaemic control, cardiometabolic health, well-being and lifestyle factors across chronotype.AnalysisThe primary outcome (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)), linear regression analysis will compare HbA1c between early and late chronotypes, with and without adjustment for confounding variables. Chronotype will be modelled as a categorical variable with all five levels (from extreme-morning to extreme-late type), and as a continuous variable to calculate p for trend across the five categories. A number of models will be created; unadjusted through to adjusted with age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, current medication and dietary habits. All secondary outcomes will be analysed using the same method.EthicsEthical approval from the West Midlands - Black Country Research Ethics Committee (16/WM/0457).DisseminationThe results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed medical journal, relevant medical/health conferences and a summary report sent to patients.Trial registration numberNCT02973412 (Pre-Results).
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Han, Chang Hoon, and Jaeho Chung. "Late Chronotype is Associated with Adolescent Asthma: Assessment Using the Korean-Version MCTQ." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093000.
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Objectives: In the study, we explored whether sleep chronotypes are associated with asthma in adolescents. Methods: We analyzed 24,655 physician-diagnosed adolescent asthmatic patients and 253,775 non-asthmatic adolescent patients from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors factors, psychological factors, and sleep parameters were assessed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Logistic regression after adjusting for multiple confounders was used to explore the association between sleep chronotype and asthma. Results: The asthmatic adolescent group slept less (≤5 h: 24.3% vs. 23.2%) than the non-asthmatic adolescent group. Mean sleep duration (430.6 ± 95.6 vs. 433.5 ± 93.6 min), midpoint of sleep on school-free days (MSF; 255.9 ± 75.9 vs. 258.3 ± 73.6 min), midpoint of sleep on school days (MSW; 199.1 ± 49.1 vs. 200.1 ± 48.4 min), sleep duration on school days (SDW; 398.2 ± 98.1 vs. 400.2 ± 96.8 min), and sleep duration on school-free days (SDF; 511.8 ± 151.9 vs. 516.7 ± 147.2 min) were significantly lower, sleep satisfaction was significantly poorer (low sleep satisfaction: 41.3% vs. 37.5%), and late chronotype was significantly higher in the asthmatic adolescent (21.1% vs. 20.0%). After adjusting for multiple confounders, late chronotype was significantly associated with an increased frequency of adolescent asthma (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.09) compared to intermediate chronotypes. Conclusions: Although our study shows a very modest association (OR of 1.05 in the fully adjusted model), we show that the late sleep chronotype is associated with asthma in adolescents in South Korea.
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Rittenhouse, Jeffrey L., Ashley R. Robart, and Heather E. Watts. "Variation in chronotype is associated with migratory timing in a songbird." Biology Letters 15, no. 8 (August 2019): 20190453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0453.
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Like many organisms, birds exhibit daily (circadian) and seasonal biological rhythms, and within populations both daily and seasonal timing often vary among individuals. Because photoperiod interacts with the circadian rhythms of many organisms to induce seasonal changes in behaviour and physiology, it is hypothesized that differences in daily timing, called chronotypes, underpin differences among individuals in the timing of seasonal events. For seasonal events stimulated by increasing daylength, this hypothesis predicts a positive relationship between the timing of daily and seasonal activities of individuals, with advanced chronotypes expressing events earlier in the year. The few previous tests of this hypothesis have focused on seasonal reproductive timing in birds. However, the hypothesis predicts that this relationship should extend to other photoinduced seasonal events. Therefore, we tested whether variation in chronotype was associated with variation in spring migratory timing in a captive songbird model, the pine siskin ( Spinus pinus ). We found that pine siskins expressing migratory restlessness exhibited repeatable chronotypes in their timing of nocturnal activity. Further, chronotype was significantly associated with the onset date of migratory behaviour, consistent with the hypothesized relationship between chronotype and seasonal timing.
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Magnani, Luca, Andrea Aguglia, Jacques Alexander, Alessandra Maiorano, Hélène Richard-Lepouriel, Sidonia Paula Iancau, Andrea Amerio, et al. "Evening Chronotype and Suicide: Exploring Neuroinflammation and Psychopathological Dimensions as Possible Bridging Factors—A Narrative Review." Brain Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010030.
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A chronotype is generally defined as the variability of the phase angle of entrainment, while the latter reflects the relationship between the timing of a certain rhythm (e.g., the sleep–wake cycle) and the timing of an external temporal cue. Individuals can be placed on a spectrum from “morning types” (M types) to “evening types” (E types). E-chronotype has been proposed as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychiatric conditions, and it has been associated with psychopathological dimensions. Eveningness seems to be correlated with both suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behavior (SB) through several possible mediating factors. Immunological alterations have also been linked to later chronotypes and SI/SB. This narrative review aims to summarize the evidence supporting the possible association between chronotypes and suicide and the eventual mediating role of neuroinflammation and several psychopathological dimensions. A search of the literature (2003–2023) was conducted using various databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, Scopus, UpToDate, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. English-language articles were collected and screened for eligibility. Despite the apparent absence of a direct correlation between E-chronotype and suicidality, E-chronotype promotes a chain of effects that could be involved in an increased risk of SB, in which with neuroinflammation possibly plays an intriguing role and some psychopathological dimensions may stand out.
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Morrison, S. W., F. A. Scheer, and I. C. Mason. "0245 Relationship of Chronotype with Sleep Duration, Daytime Sleepiness, and Sustained Attention in High School Students: A Pilot Study." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.243.
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Abstract Introduction People with a later chronotype typically sleep later and perform better later in the day. In an early high school schedule, students with later chronotypes earn lower average grades than those with earlier chronotypes. However, other effects of late chronotype on high school students are poorly understood. This study examined the relationship of chronotype with sleep duration, daytime sleepiness and sustained attention in high school students. Methods This study was conducted at Byram Hills High School in Armonk, NY, where classes begin at 7:45am. During three class periods, 36 participants (female n=24, n=12, 14–17 years old) completed the Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) during their class. Subjects recorded time spent on homework/extracurricular activities and bedtime/waketime from the night prior to the assessment. Results Later chronotype (lower MEQ score) was significantly associated with later bedtime, shorter sleep duration, and increased sleepiness (r=-0.82, p<0.001; r=0.72, p<0.001; and r=-0.40, p=0.016; respectively). Shorter sleep duration was significantly correlated with increased sleepiness (r=-0.34, p=0.045). Increased workload (time on homework/extracurriculars) was significantly associated with later bedtime (r=0.42, p=0.011). Chronotype, sleep duration, and sleepiness showed no significant association with PVT scores (r=-0.16, p=0.360; r=-0.10, p=0.933; r=0.09, p=0.619, respectively); however, increased workload was significantly associated with increased PVT scores (r=-0.35, p=0.041). Conclusion These results are important for the wellbeing of high school students, as they show relationships between late chronotype, short sleep, and increased sleepiness during class in an early school schedule. Further research is needed to determine the best school schedule for high school students based on individual differences in chronotype. Support We thank the Authentic Science Research program at Byram Hills High School, specifically teachers Mrs. Stephanie Greenwald, Dr. Caroline Matthew, and Mrs. Megan Salomone.
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Rodríguez-Cortés, Francisco José, Ignacio Morales-Cané, Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz, Rosaria Cappadona, Alfredo De Giorgi, Roberto Manfredini, María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego, Fabio Fabbian, and Pablo Jesús López-Soto. "Individual Circadian Preference, Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Dangerous Liaison? A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis." Children 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9020167.
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Background: Obesity and other eating disorders are an actual public health problem, especially in childhood and adolescents, and could be also related with chronotype. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the relationship between eating disorders, obesity and the different chronotypes in children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies evaluating young populations dealing with and evaluating chronotype was conducted. Electronic searches were performed in six international databases. A qualitative thematic-categorical analysis was carried out and a random-effects model was used for the quantitative analysis (meta-analysis). Results: Fifteen studies were included, but quantitative analysis was only carried out in three of them. Children and adolescents with an evening chronotype had higher body mass index, consumed more junk food or were more predisposed to suffer from food addiction and night eating syndrome. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with evening chronotype had higher tendency to incorrect eating behaviors and were suffering from overweight/obesity. Environment but also lifestyle factors should be considered in the association between chronotype and eating disorders and obesity.
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Lan, Anat, Yelena Stukalin, and Haim Einat. "Sleep Quality, but Not Personality Traits, Mediates the Relationship between Chronotype and Life Satisfaction: A Study in Young Adults." Clocks & Sleep 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2024): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep6030022.
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Chronotype reflects the morningness–eveningness preference over a 24 h period. Significant data indicate meaningful differences between evening types (ETs) and morning types (MTs) in behavior, personality traits, health, and well-being. This study explores the interactions between chronotype, sleep, personality, and life satisfaction among 254 undergraduate college students (mean age 23.79 ± 1.85). Using online questionnaires, the participants provided demographic information and completed assessments, including the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a shortened version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), and a life satisfaction uniscale measure. The results revealed a significant association between chronotype and both life satisfaction and sleep quality, where ETs exhibited poorer outcomes compared to MTs. Additionally, the chronotype correlated with agreeableness and conscientiousness, with later chronotypes linked to reduced scores in these personality traits. A key finding in this study was revealed in a mediation analysis in which sleep quality was found to mediate the relationship between chronotype and life satisfaction. The mediation analysis highlighted sleep quality as a crucial process connecting chronotype to life satisfaction. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing sleep quality in interventions aimed at enhancing life satisfaction and overall well-being among ETs. Overall, our results provide valuable insights into the intricate relationships between chronotype, personality, sleep quality, and subjective well-being.
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Lopez, Mateo, Adam Krause, Kathleen O'Hora, Beatriz Hernandez, Laura Lazzeroni, Jamie Zeitzer, Leah Friedman, et al. "0478 The Impact of Non-pharmacological Insomnia Therapy on Mood and Sleep in Morning and Evening Chronotypes in Older Adults." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A211—A212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.475.
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Abstract Introduction As individuals age, the circadian-driven timing of their sleep shifts to an earlier hour. Whether such a shift moderates the effectiveness of insomnia treatment on sleep disturbances and mood in older adults is unknown. Methods We tested the hypothesis that circadian preference moderates improvements in mood and insomnia symptoms following a non-pharmacological insomnia treatment. Older adults (N=111, age=69±6.4 years, female=65%) with insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score >10) received a 6-session treatment regimen. Circadian preference was measured at baseline with the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM mean score=41.2±7.3, median=42). Chronotypes were classified based on a median split of CSM scores. Depression, (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS), insomnia severity (ISI), cognitive arousal (Glasgow Content of Thoughts Inventory, GCTI), and time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (TST /TIB=SE) from sleep diaries were collected pre- and post-treatment. Tests of proportion were used to characterize differences in demographic variables between chronotypes. Ranked correlation tests were used to test associations between circadian preference and variables of interest at pre- and post-treatment. T-tests with unequal variance were used to examine whether treatment outcomes differed between chronotypes. Results In this study, 58% of females and 38% of males were later chronotypes (p=0.04). Later chronotype was associated with greater pre-treatment TIB (p=0.01), and earlier chronotype was associated with higher post-treatment cognitive arousal (p=0.04). Later chronotypes had greater reduction in depression symptoms (Cohen’s d=0.43, p=0.04), cognitive arousal (d=0.39, p=0.05), and a trend for greater reduction in TIB (d=0.37, p=0.07). Earlier chronotypes had a greater increase in TST (d=0.42, p=0.04). However, both chronotypes saw equivalent changes in SE (d=0.12, p=0.58). Conclusion Later chronotypes had a greater reduction in TIB, while earlier chronotypes demonstrated a significant increase in TST due to insomnia treatment, and both chronotypes had improved SE. These patterns suggest that treatment equivalently improves the consolidation of sleep, but the mechanism of this treatment effect differs by chronotype. That is, a moderating effect of circadian preference on the mechanism of improved sleep consolidation by insomnia treatment in older adults. These results suggest greater attention to age-related changes in chronotype in insomnia treatment. Support (If Any) NIMHR01MH101468-01; MIRECC at the VAPAHCS
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Valiensi, Stella Maris, Agustín Leandro Folgueira, Joaquin Jose Diez, Agustin Gonzalez-Cardozo, Vanesa Antonella Vera, Julieta Marina Camji, and Adriana Mabel Alvarez. "Is Being a Lark Healthier for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?" Sleep Science 16, no. 01 (March 2023): 075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1767749.
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Abstract Background Sleep quality and mood have been evaluated in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients, but chronotypes were not studied. Our objectives were to analyze chronotypes, sleep and mood variables and to describe their association with some metabolic variables in this population. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study was performed. Adults with a diagnosis of T1DM were included. We evaluated chronotypes by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires, sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), excessive daytime sleepiness by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), symptoms of depression by Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) and emotional well-being by Emotional Well Being Index (IWHO-5). A few metabolic variables were included. Results Ninety-five patients participated. The mean age was 38 years old (range 18–70). The average body mass index (BMI) was 24.4 Kg/m2 (standard deviation [SD]: 4.6). Out of the total sample, 52.6% were males. The Intermediate chronotype was predominant: n = 56 (55%). We found poor quality of sleep in 67.4% of the sample, excessive daytime sleepiness in 14.7%, depressive symptoms in 6.3% by PHQ9 and low perception of well-being by IWHO-5 in 16.8%. Evening chronotype scored worse in sleep quality (p = 0.05) and had lower well-being (p = 0.03) compared with the other chronotypes. Higher MEQ values (morningness) correlated with lower height (p = 0.043), lower values in the PSQI (p = 0.021); and higher values in emotional well-being (p = 0.040). Conclusions We found that the predominant chronotype in T1DM was the intermediate. Two-thirds reported poor quality of sleep and 14,7% excessive daytime sleepiness. Possible diagnosis of a depressive disorder in 6.3% and poor self-perception of emotional well-being in 16. 8% were observed. The morning chronotype had significant correlation with better sleep quality and higher scores in emotional well-being.
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Zhu, Yingying, Jiahao Huang, and Minqi Yang. "Association between Chronotype and Sleep Quality among Chinese College Students: The Role of Bedtime Procrastination and Sleep Hygiene Awareness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010197.
Full textAbstract:
Chronotype and sleep quality have been shown to play significant roles in influencing people’s physical and mental health. The current study focuses on examining the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality among Chinese college students and exploring the mediating role of bedtime procrastination and the moderating role of sleep hygiene awareness. A sample of 2822 college students (female = 71.4%) aged between 17 and 29 years (M = 19.77, SD = 1.41) were included and completed the measures of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS) and Sleep Hygiene Awareness Scale (SHAS). The results showed that evening-type students reported the lowest sleep quality and highest levels of bedtime procrastination. In contrast, the highest sleep quality and lowest levels of bedtime procrastination were shown by morning-type, exhibiting the neither-type students’ intermediate chronotype. Bedtime procrastination partially mediated the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. Furthermore, sleep hygiene awareness moderated the direct effect of chronotype on sleep quality and the effect of chronotype in the path from chronotype to bedtime procrastination. Specifically, higher levels of sleep hygiene awareness could buffer the adverse effect of chronotype on self-reported sleep quality but bolstered the negative effect of chronotype on bedtime procrastination. Our results suggest that individuals with an evening preference are inclined to postpone their bedtime and further experience poorer sleep quality at night. Sleep hygiene awareness may serve as a protective factor for poor nocturnal sleep. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of reducing bedtime procrastination and improving sleep hygiene awareness in the interventions designed to help college students to own a better sleep quality, especially for those with evening chronotypes.
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Barrea, Luigi, Claudia Vetrani, Barbara Altieri, Ludovica Verde, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, and Giovanna Muscogiuri. "The Importance of Being a ‘Lark’ in Post-Menopausal Women with Obesity: A Ploy to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?" Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 3762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113762.
Full textAbstract:
Chronotype is defined as the behavioral manifestation of circadian rhythms related to the external light–dark cycle. Evening chronotype has been associated with an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases in obesity. Menopause is a lifestage associated with an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases and a change in circadian rhythmicity compared to pre-menopause. However, the prevalence of chronotype categories in menopause and their role in determining menopause-related cardiometabolic risk, mostly in obesity, have not been investigated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of chronotype categories in post-menopausal women with obesity and their role in menopause-related cardiometabolic risk. In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 49 pre-menopausal and 74 post-menopausal women with obesity. Anthropometric parameters, lifestyle habits, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), sleep quality, chronotype and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were studied. No significance differences were detected in terms of lifestyle and adherence to the MD between pre- and post-menopausal women. Chronotype was classified as morning in 66 (53.6%), evening in 20 (16.3%) and intermediate in 37 (30.1%) women. In addition, pre-menopausal women with obesity showed a significantly higher chance to have an intermediate chronotype (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.28–3.83; p = 0.004), whereas post-menopausal women with obesity showed a trend to have a higher morning chronotype (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 0.98–2.06; p = 0.051), although this did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were detected in terms of prevalence of evening chronotype between the two groups. However, the evening chronotype had a significantly higher risk to have T2DM compared to the morning (OR = 17.29, 95% CI 2.40–124.27; p = 0.005) and intermediate chronotypes (OR = 30.86, 95% CI 2.05–464.32; p = 0.013) in both pre- and post-menopausal women with obesity. In conclusion, the intermediate chronotype was significantly more prevalent in pre-menopausal women with obesity compared to post-menopausal women. Evening chronotype was associated to T2DM in both pre- and post-menopause. These results support the importance of including the assessment of chronotype in the management of women with obesity in post-menopause.