Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chronic toxicity testing

Academic literature on the topic 'Chronic toxicity testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Chronic toxicity testing"

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Schmitt, Marcel, Georg Gellert, Jost Ludwig, and Hella Lichtenberg-Fraté. "Phenotypic yeast growth analysis for chronic toxicity testing." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 59, no. 2 (October 2004): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.002.

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Prieto, Pilar. "Barriers, Nephrotoxicology and Chronic Testing In Vitro." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, no. 2_suppl (December 2002): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203002s15.

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In many organs of the human body, there are effective physiological barriers which contribute to regulation of the uptake, transport and secretion of endogenous and exogenous materials. ECVAM is involved in the development of several in vitro models for detecting damage to various barriers, including, the renal epithelium, the intestinal barrier, and the blood–brain barrier, after acute and chronic exposure to chemicals and products of various kinds. Long-term toxicity testing is an important issue in toxicology. At present, there are no generally accepted in vitro models available for replacing chronic testing in animals. Under chronic exposure conditions, the cellular response is greater than that which can be predicted in the standard cytotoxicity models. Therefore, the approach to predicting chronic toxicity will need to involve more-complex in vitro models. Several currently available in vitro long-term toxicity systems are under evaluation.
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Khan, A., D. Kent, J. Barbieri, S. Khan, and F. Sweeney. "Effectiveness of a Secondary Impoundment System in Reducing Industrial Wastewater Toxicity." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0734.

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Aquatic toxicity testing was employed over a three year period to test the effectiveness of a secondary impoundment system in reducing biological toxicity of an industrial wastewater discharge. A two tiered approach was used to determine the effects of the wastewater on two cladoceran species, Daphniamagna and Ceriodaphniadubia, and two sensitive life stages of a vertebrate, Pimephalespromelas. Endpoints measured were both acute (lethality) and chronic (growth and reproduction). Results from the first year of testing, conducted on wastewater collected from the inflow to the secondary impoundment system, indicated both lethal and sublethal effects. Results from the second year of testing, conducted on the outflow of the secondary impoundment system, showed reduced chronic toxicity and complete absence of acute toxicity. Minor modifications were made to the existing treatment system and toxicity testing was conducted for the second consecutive year on the outflow of the secondary impoundment system. Results from the third year of testing showed no acute or chronic toxicity, indicating improved wastewater treatment.
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Slabbert, J. L., and E. A. Venter. "Biological assays for aquatic toxicity testing." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1999): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0684.

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A number of aquatic toxicity tests have been established for South African use, which include fish and Daphnia lethality tests, microbiotests, and short-term chronic tests. Studies on effluents and surface waters showed that all the tests have a viable role to play in water quality management. The most advantageous use of the tests is in battery form, so that tests can complement each other. The fish and Daphnia lethality tests, and algal growth inhibition test are recommended for regulatory and management purposes of effluents. If receiving water is used for drinking water purposes, the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity and toad embryo teratogenicity tests should be included in the battery of tests. Some of the rapid microbiotests, e.g. the protozoan oxygen uptake test, bacterial growth test and enzyme tests, could be valuable screening tools to identify and categorize toxic effluents.
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Vu, Vanessa, J. Carl Barrett, Joseph Roycroft, Loretta Schuman, David Dankovic, Paul BBaro, Ted Martonen, William Pepelko, and David Lai. "Chronic Inhalation Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Testing of Respirable Fibrous Particles." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 24, no. 3 (December 1996): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1996.0128.

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Dom, N., D. Knapen, W. De Coen, and R. Blust. "Toxicity prediction of chloro-substituted anilines versus acute and chronic toxicity testing in Daphnia magna." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 154, no. 1 (September 2009): S23—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.05.082.

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Dyachok, I. L., O. R. Pinyazhko, and O. L. Ivankiv. "Сhronic toxicity testing complex phytopoliextraction of sedative action." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 5-6 (August 14, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.5-6.17.05.

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Development and introduction in medical practice sedative meals on the base of complex phytopoliextracts from the domestic medical plants permitted for medical application is highly actual because of incrised incidence of abnormal psychology disorders determined by socioeconomical problems, global informative boom, ecological problems, worsening of life quality. The aim of a study – determination of the sedative phytopoliextraction complex chronic toxicity parameters in experiments after oral administration to laboratory rats. Standardized phytopoliextraction сomplex which is composed of extracts of medical plants (Valeriana officinalis L., Crataégus, Melissa officinalis L., Hypericum, Mentha piperita L., Húmulus lúpulus, Viburnum). It was determined that phytopoliextraction complex is non-toxic compound – LD50 drug after a single oral administration to mice is > 5.0 ml/kg, to rats > 10.0 ml/kg. A two-month administration of a phytopolietextraction complex in an effective and sub-toxic dose (1 ml/kg and 5 ml/kg, respectively) does not exert a toxic effect on the general state of the behavior and the increase in the weight of the animals. Phytopolietextraction complex in the subtotoxic dose does not change the functional state of the CNS in male rats, but in the effective state it increases the research activity. At the same time, it exerts a certain stimulating effect on females, due to the content of ethyl alcohol, and in a sub-toxic dose has a hypoglycemic effect largely due to the presence of ethyl alcohol. Thus, futher experiments have to be provided to learn other chronic toxicity parametres like local localirritating action, embrio- and gonadotoxicity.
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Cheng, Shin, David Wang, and Eric P. Smith. "ADJUSTING FOR MORTALITY EFFECTS IN CHRONIC TOXICITY TESTING: MIXTURE MODEL APPROACH." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 1 (2000): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<0204:afmeic>2.3.co;2.

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Wang, Shin Cheng David, and Eric P. Smith. "Adjusting for mortality effects in chronic toxicity testing: Mixture model approach." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 2000): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190124.

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Schuh, Michael J., and Sheena Crosby. "Chronic Anticholinergic Toxicity Discovered in a Pharmacogenomics, Polypharmacy Patient." Senior Care Pharmacist 36, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2021.304.

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Objective: To report a case of chronic anticholinergic toxicity in a referred, pharmacogenomics (PGx), polypharmacy patient. Summary: The patient is a 67-year-old male who was referred to the polypharmacy service for a PGx consult. This patient has had episodic fever of unknown origin, general cutaneous vasodilation, tremors, jerks, and brain fogginess which have been unexplained. He has seen specialists from infectious disease, rheumatology, endocrinology, and neurology with no contributory condition causing these symptoms, so he was referred for PGx testing and evaluation by the polypharmacy pharmacist. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the importance of pharmacist-patient consultations and how a PGx consult may expose polypharmacy medication-related problems of greater significance than the PGx indication for the consult. In addition, the case demonstrates positive interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and physicians to more effectively solve complex medication-related problems that may not be easily diagnosed through objective lab or diagnostic testing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chronic toxicity testing"

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Stewart, Susan Michels. "An Evaluation of the Short-Term Embryo-Larval and Seven-Day Larval Test Methods for Estimating Chronic Toxicity of Zinc to the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501048/.

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Chronic toxicity of zinc to Pimephales promelas was estimated by conducting replicate static and static-renewal short-term embryo-larval tests and static-renewal seven-day larval tests. The two test methods were highly reproducible. Daily renewal of test solutions had little effect on the toxicity of zinc, however, the stage of development at which exposure was initiated affected the sensitivity of the toxic endpoints measured. The most sensitive and reproducible endpoint in the embryo-larval tests was survival of viable (non-deformed) larvae and in the seven-day larval test was growth of the larvae, which was slightly more sensitive than the embryo-larval test endpoint. The estimated MATC of 0.18 and 0.15 mg/L mean total and mean soluble zinc, respectively, compared well with published results. Because of its advantages and similar sensitivity, the short-term embryo-larval test was recommended for estimating chronic toxicity.
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Wang, Shin Cheng. "Analysis of Zero-Heavy Data Using a Mixture Model Approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30357.

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The problem of high proportion of zeroes has long been an interest in data analysis and modeling, however, there are no unique solutions to this problem. The solution to the individual problem really depends on its particular situation and the design of the experiment. For example, different biological, chemical, or physical processes may follow different distributions and behave differently. Different mechanisms may generate the zeroes and require different modeling approaches. So it would be quite impossible and inflexible to come up with a unique or a general solution. In this dissertation, I focus on cases where zeroes are produced by mechanisms that create distinct sub-populations of zeroes. The dissertation is motivated from problems of chronic toxicity testing which has a data set that contains a high proportion of zeroes. The analysis of chronic test data is complicated because there are two different sources of zeroes: mortality and non-reproduction in the data. So researchers have to separate zeroes from mortality and fecundity. The use of mixture model approach which combines the two mechanisms to model the data here is appropriate because it can incorporate the mortality kind of extra zeroes. A zero inflated Poisson (ZIP) model is used for modeling the fecundity in Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity test. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) based ZIP model is developed to handle longitudinal data with zeroes due to mortality. A joint estimate of inhibition concentration (ICx) is also developed as potency estimation based on the mixture model approach. It is found that the ZIP model would perform better than the regular Poisson model if the mortality is high. This kind of toxicity testing also involves longitudinal data where the same subject is measured for a period of seven days. The GEE model allows the flexibility to incorporate the extra zeroes and a correlation structure among the repeated measures. The problem of zero-heavy data also exists in environmental studies in which the growth or reproduction rates of multi-species are measured. This gives rise to multivariate data. Since the inter-relationships between different species are imbedded in the correlation structure, the study of the information in the correlation of the variables, which is often accessed through principal component analysis, is one of the major interests in multi-variate data. In the case where mortality influences the variables of interests, but mortality is not the subject of interests, the use of the mixture approach can be applied to recover the information of the correlation structure. In order to investigate the effect of zeroes on multi-variate data, simulation studies on principal component analysis are performed. A method that recovers the information of the correlation structure is also presented.
Ph. D.
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Roberts, David A. School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Responses of Algal Epifauna to pulsed and chronic contamination of temperate Algal beds." 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43271.

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Contaminants may affect marine organisms through various pathways with impacts evident across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Organisms may encounter short pulsed exposures which contaminate surface waters for hours to days, or more persistent but patchy contamination of benthic habitats throughout their entire life-cycle. This thesis examines the responses of epifauna associated with macroalgae to a pulsed exposure of contaminants (storm-water input) and to chronic contamination via metal accumulation within temperate algal beds. The effects of storm water were monitored during a two-year survey of Sydney Harbour which sampled epifauna before and after heavy rainfall. Epifaunal assemblages declined throughout the harbour following storm events but for the most part these declines were not attributable to storm-water runoff. However, transient (< 4 d) and localized impacts of storm water upon physico-chemical characteristics of recipient water and some epifaunal groups were identified around storm drains. A novel field dosing technique tested the relative importance of freshwater and associated metals as causative agents of behavioural avoidance and direct mortality responses. Strong avoidance of storm-water plumes was found which could be entirely explained by freshwater inundation, with no additional effects of metals. No direct mortality was observed following brief exposures. Contaminants introduced by storm water may accumulate within the tissues of macroalgae and potentially pose persistent threats to epifauna. Colonisation of epifauna was reduced on algae with enhanced copper levels, and the nesting behaviour, feeding and survival of an abundant amphipod were all negatively affected by copper load. Subsequent field surveys identified sufficient copper, lead and zinc contamination in Sydney Harbour algal beds to pose direct toxic threats to epifauna. The abundance of herbivorous amphipods correlated negatively with the copper content of a common algal species. However, differences in metal accumulation between algal species resulted in spatially variable levels of contamination. Small-scale patchiness of contaminants within these landscapes may allow populations of mobile species to persist if contaminated hosts are avoided. In summary, epifaunal assemblages appeared resilient to storm-water pulses. Recovery of affected groups was rapid and large fluctuations in abundance appear to be part of the natural flux of epifaunal communities. In contrast, assemblages responded strongly to algal-bound contaminants and this has emerged as an important pathway of contaminant exposure and impact within algal habitats.
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Marie, Amarisa. "The effect of chronic exposure of chinook salmon to benzo(a)pyrene and cortisol of CYP1A1 induction and susceptibility to a microsporidian parasite, Loma salmonae." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32098.

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Wild populations of fish are faced with a multitude of stressors, which may include human interaction, toxins, and disease. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a known carcinogen and immunotoxin, has been reported in the stomach contents of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in urban waterways. We investigated the impact of chronic dietary exposure of environmentally relevant levels of BaP on the immune system and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) expression in juvenile chinook salmon. Two experiments were carried out in which juvenile fish were fed food treated with ethanol (control diet), low or high concentrations of BaP, or cortisol. In the first experiment we measured mitogen-stimulated proliferation of splenic leukocytes using flow cytometry and a colorimetric assay using Alamar Blue[superscript TM] Susceptibility to a microsporidian parasite, Loma salmonae, was evaluated in the second experiment by quantification of xenomas in the gills. Hepatic CYP1A1 and plasma cortisol were measured in both experiments. No significant trends were found in leukocyte mitogen activation or plasma cortisol between treatments or days. However, western blot analysis of CYP1A1 concentration in liver revealed interesting patterns of induction: in cortisol fed groups CYP1A1 was <20% of control on all days, groups fed low levels of BaP were 250% of control values on days 8 and 21 then dropped below control values on day 29, and groups fed high levels of BaP had less CYP1A1 than controls on all days. Similar patterns of CYP1A1 levels were found in the second experiment, and diseased control groups showed about a 55% decrease in CYP1A1 concentration when compared with non-diseased control groups. Susceptibility to L. salmonae was significantly higher in groups receiving cortisol. Whereas there was no effect of the high BaP dose, the low BaP dose appeared to increase disease susceptibility. This study supports concerns of stress and toxin induced immune dysfunction in wild populations of fish.
Graduation date: 2004
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Books on the topic "Chronic toxicity testing"

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Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection. IEPA mobile laboratory screening tests information sheet. Springfield, IL]: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Laboratories, 1993.

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Rach, J. J. Acute and chronic toxicity of rotenone to Daphnia magna. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1988.

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Horning, William B. Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1986.

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Horning, William B. Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1986.

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Horning, William B. Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1986.

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Horning, William B. Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1986.

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Horning, William B. Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1986.

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W, Moore David. Chronic sublethal effects of San Francisco Bay sediments on Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata: Effect of food ration on sediment toxicity. Vicksburg, MS: US Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, 1993.

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Moore, David W. Chronic sublethal effects of San Francisco Bay sediments on Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata: Effect of storage time on sediment toxicity. Vicksburg, MS: US Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, 1994.

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W, Moore David. Chronic sublethal effects of San Francisco Bay sediments on "Nereis (Neanthes) Arenaceodentata": Nontreatment factors. [Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chronic toxicity testing"

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Verschuuren, H. G., and R. H. Reitz. "The use of pharmacokinetics in chronic toxicity testing." In Comparative Veterinary Pharmacology, Toxicology and Theraphy, 209–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4153-3_20.

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Spindler, Per, and Herman Van Cauteren. "Duration of Acute and Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (ICH S4A and S4B)." In Global Approach in Safety Testing, 159–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5950-7_8.

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Hattan, David G. "Acute and Chronic Toxicity Testing in the Assessment of Food Additive Safety." In ACS Symposium Series, 99–104. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0484.ch010.

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Bach, Peter H., Andrew Cockburn, David J. Esdaile, Paul Grasso, and Cyndy E. Lumley. "Chronic Toxicity Testing: Present Perspectives and the Way toward Shorter Screening, Decreased Use of Resources and Better Risk Assessment." In Animals and Alternatives in Toxicology, 53–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12667-5_3.

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"Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies (OECD TG 451-3)." In OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, 503–13. OECD, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264304741-24-en.

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Denny, Kevin H., and Christopher W. Stewart. "Acute, Sub-Acute, Sub-Chronic and Chronic General Toxicity Testing for Preclinical Drug Development." In A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Preclinical Drug Development, 87–105. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-387815-1.00005-8.

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Denny, K. H., and C. W. Stewart. "Acute, Subacute, Subchronic, and Chronic General Toxicity Testing for Preclinical Drug Development." In A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development, 109–27. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803620-4.00005-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chronic toxicity testing"

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Hamdaoui, Quentin, François Gaie-Levrel, Tatiana Macé, Sophie Vaslin-Reimann, Frédéric Flamant, and Anna Bencsik. "Development and metrological characterization of an aerosol generation device dedicated to inhalation toxicology studies: the nanopesticide case." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201907002.

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Despite the controversies surrounding the potential health effects associated with engineered nanomaterials, novel agrochemicals combining nanotechnology and pesticides are emerging. These products, named nanopesticides, are being developed to improve the efficiency of conventional agrochemicals. However, they represent an intentional anthropogenic source of nanomaterials within the different environmental compartments which constitutes a possible exposure of agricultural populations notably via the aerosols generated by farming activities. The hazard related to this new type of contaminants must be assessed by using inhalation toxicology studies that are designed to reproduce the complexity of these aerosols exposure, in order to be relevant for human health studies. In the present article, we report an experimental strategy combining both the recommendations in animal experimentation and the OECD guidelines for chemicals testing. To explore the neurotoxicity linked with the chronic exposure to aerosols generated from a nanopesticide, we develop an original device dedicated to inhalation toxicology with rodents. Through this proof of concept study, our cross-disciplinary project aims at proposing a validated methodology to study the inhalation toxicity of complex formulations represented by nanopesticides.
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