Journal articles on the topic 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)'
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1
Odler, Balázs, and Veronika Müller. "Asthma-COPD overlap szindróma." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 33 (August 2016): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30520.
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Obstructive lung diseases represent a major health problem worldwide due to their high prevalence associated with elevated socioeconomic costs. Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic obstructive ventilatory disorders with airway inflammation, however they are separate nosological entities based on thedifferent development, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and prognostic features. However, these diseases may coexist and can be defined as the coexistence of increased variability of airflow in a patient with incompletely reversible airway obstruction. This phenotype is called asthma – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. The syndrome is a clinical and scientific challenge as the majority of these patients have been excluded from the clinical and pharmacological trials, thus well-defined clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches are lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available literature focusing on pathophysiological and clinical features, and discuss possible therapeutic approaches of patients with asthma – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(33), 1304–1313.
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Sukholytka, Mariia. "Hypothyroidism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 16, no. 8 (April 6, 2021): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.16.8.2020.222884.
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The risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as thyroid diseases increases with age. COPD is a common systemic disease associated with chronic inflammation. Many endocrinological disorders, including thyroid gland diseases are related to systemic inflammation. Epidemiological studies suggest that patients with COPD are at higher risk of thyroid disorders. These associations are not well-studied and thyroid gland diseases are not included on the broadly acknowledged list of COPD comorbidities. They may seriously handicap quality of life of COPD patients. Unfortunately, the diagnosis may be difficult, as many signs are masked by the symptoms of the index disease. The comprehension of the correlation between thyroid gland disorders and COPD may contribute to better care of patients. In this review, we attempt to revise available literature describing existing links between COPD and thyroid diseases. The signs or symptoms of thyroid disorders may be non-specific, especially among the elderly, therefore the differential diagnosis between symptoms of COPD and symptoms related to thyroid disease can cause difficulties. Many data show higher risk of thyroid hormones alterations in COPD patients. Hypothyroidism may influence respiration by different mechanisms, even in subjects with intact respiratory system. Therefore, it is hard to distinguish whether hormonal changes are the reason or a consequence of different respiratory signs and symptoms. In some instances, the correction of hormonal alternations may improve the quality of life of COPD patients and other disease outcomes. The comprehension of an association between COPD, thyroid gland function and thyroid disorders may provide important information about the systemic nature of COPD.
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Tahasildar, Kunal K., and Jagannath S. Shete. "The clinical profile of obstructive lung diseases patients attending tertiary care hospital in Nanded, Maharashtra: an observational study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 3970. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184892.
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Background: Obstructive lung diseases as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have considerable morbidity and mortality globally. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is projected to rank fifth in 2020 in burden of disease worldwide, according to the WHO study. Aim and objectives was to evaluate clinical profiles of obstructive lung diseases patients attending tertiary care hospital.Methods: The data was collected from 112 obstructive lung diseases patients presenting to OPD of pulmonary medicine department from January 2009 to August 2010. Research tool comprised of questions about demographic characteristics, past or presenting symptoms, general and systemic examinations. For statistical analysis MS Excel and SPSS 16 were used.Results: Overall 72 (64.28%) were smokers. 63 (56.25%) were suffering from COPD and 49 (43.75%) were asthmatic. Breathlessness was found as most common symptom in 53 (84.12%) COPD and in 45 (91.83%) asthma patients. Among COPD patients, 26 (41.26%) were of moderate obstruction whereas in asthma patients, 17 (34.69%) were of moderate obstruction and 16 (32.65%) were of severe obstruction as per Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT).Conclusions: Males were most commonly affected in obstructive lung diseases. COPD was common after 35 years of age where as asthma occurs mostly before 35 years of age. Smoking was most common etiological factor. Breathlessness was the most common presenting symptom. Family history of asthma was most common risk factor for asthma patients. Most of the patients with both COPD as well as asthma had moderate type of obstructions.
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Ish, Pranav. "An Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Epidemiology International 06, no. 01 (March 30, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202104.
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Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is expected to increase in the coming decades due to increasing air pollution. In a country like India, it is a challenge to control the growing incidence of COPD. For this, it is imperative to understand the various risk factors that lead to the development of COPD including smoking and the ever-worsening environmental air pollution levels. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out at the out-patient clinic of pulmonary medicine at our tertiary care centre. Clinical severity data, demographic characteristics, smoking history, and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 levels at the residence of the patients were recorded. A total of 182 cases of COPD and 365 controls were taken. Result: COPD was found to be common among males (69.2%), among the factory workers, drivers and roadside vendors and in elderly age groups. COPD was found to be associated with exposure to active and passive smoking (p < 0.05). Exposure to dust, fumes, and smoke at the workplace was significantly more prevalent among the COPD patients (13.2%) than the control group (2.7%). Besides, 61.5% of the COPD patients were residing in the area with PM 2.5 levels > 60μg/m3 which was significantly greater than the controls (44.9%). Conclusion: The main risk factor for COPD is exposure to active and passive tobacco smoking. Other environmental factors such as exposure to dust, fumes at the workplace and home are also associated with COPD. Level of PM 2.5 > 60 μg/m3 is associated with an increased risk of COPD. Thus, the environmental history of residence in Delhi or a city with high AQI is significant in evaluating a COPD patient. It is important to understand the contribution of these risk factors as curbing and curtailing them can help prevent and control the growing burden of COPD.
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Ish, Pranav. "An Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Epidemiology International 06, no. 01 (March 30, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202104.
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Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is expected to increase in the coming decades due to increasing air pollution. In a country like India, it is a challenge to control the growing incidence of COPD. For this, it is imperative to understand the various risk factors that lead to the development of COPD including smoking and the ever-worsening environmental air pollution levels. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out at the out-patient clinic of pulmonary medicine at our tertiary care centre. Clinical severity data, demographic characteristics, smoking history, and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 levels at the residence of the patients were recorded. A total of 182 cases of COPD and 365 controls were taken. Result: COPD was found to be common among males (69.2%), among the factory workers, drivers and roadside vendors and in elderly age groups. COPD was found to be associated with exposure to active and passive smoking (p < 0.05). Exposure to dust, fumes, and smoke at the workplace was significantly more prevalent among the COPD patients (13.2%) than the control group (2.7%). Besides, 61.5% of the COPD patients were residing in the area with PM 2.5 levels > 60μg/m3 which was significantly greater than the controls (44.9%). Conclusion: The main risk factor for COPD is exposure to active and passive tobacco smoking. Other environmental factors such as exposure to dust, fumes at the workplace and home are also associated with COPD. Level of PM 2.5 > 60 μg/m3 is associated with an increased risk of COPD. Thus, the environmental history of residence in Delhi or a city with high AQI is significant in evaluating a COPD patient. It is important to understand the contribution of these risk factors as curbing and curtailing them can help prevent and control the growing burden of COPD.
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Alotaibi, Fayez Salem Marzoq, Wafa Jazi Alhamereen, Saosan Abdulrahman Almogisib, Ohoud Jazi Alhamereen, Tahani Mohammed Alanazi, Safa Diab Alokaili, Awad Lafi Almutairi, Sultan M. Abuqayyan, and Yahya Mohammed alzain. "Assessment of Depression and Smoking in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i11-15.
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Background: Depression is common in COPD patients, and smokers are more likely to develop it. Methods: The smoking habits of 100 people with COPD were evaluated for the study during either an outpatient visit or a hospital stay. The Hamilton depression rating scale was used to assess depression in the study population (HAM-D). Result: The majority of the COPD patients in the current study were former smokers. The findings indicated that former smokers were more likely to experience depressed symptoms. Conclusion: Depression is a common condition among COPD patients. The findings revealed that patient age and smoking habits had a significant impact on the progression of COPD illness.
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Daga, Mradul Kumar. "Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: More than just a Comorbidity." Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine 07, no. 03 (December 22, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7181.202011.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and loss of Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) worldwide. It often is accompanied by the presence of various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis which may have an impact on the course of the disease. Osteopenia and osteoporosis are the consequences of loss of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and have been widely known major comorbidities in COPD patients. Female sex, age, and smoking are common pathogenic factors for both COPD and osteoporosis, other factors such as reduced daily physical activity, malnutrition, low body mass index, hypogonadism, vitamin D deficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic hypoxemia, and drugs like corticosteroids, have been invoked to explain such a frequent association between them. Osteoporosis in COPD is however often undertreated. It has been shown in recent studies that both decreased Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and impaired bone quality contribute to bone fragility, causing fractures in COPD patients. Pulmonary function and activities of the daily life of COPD patients may be further deteriorated by osteoporosis-associated fractures. Calcium and vitamin D, hormone replacement when indicated, calcitonin, and bisphosphonate administration are few effective strategies to tackle bone loss and osteoporosis. Awareness about this high prevalence of osteoporosis in COPD patients is critically important and physicians should look for such fracture risks. Routine screening and early diagnosis of osteoporosis will enable physicians to provide the appropriate treatment to prevent fracture, which leads to improved quality of life as well as better long-term prognosis.
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Khan, Iqbal. "Stigma towards Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: To Help or To Judge?" Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 4, no. 3 (July 23, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/063.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, is a highly incapacitating irrevocable health problem, with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. According to Suzanne Hurd and Claude Lenfant, it is “the only chronic disease for which the finger of blame can be pointed to a single risk factor – tobacco smoking”. However, only 15-20% of smokers are afflicted. Whereas smoking is far from being the only cause, substantial proportion of COPD cases cannot be explained by smoking alone. The visibility of distressing and frightening physical manifestations of symptoms leads to serious ‘‘observable’’ consequences, such as disability or lack of control, public use of oxygen and rescue inhalers. As a result “they are disqualified from full social acceptance”. However, the stigma is not the only factor responsible for the miseries of those with COPD. In fact, there are many misconceptions in this scenario which have been discussed. The need of a huge awareness campaign for the public to improve their understanding of lung diseases (notably COPD) has been highlighted. The patient, healthcare professionals and the health services should be prepared to play their new role in the management of a chronic disease like COPD “requiring “ongoing management over a period of years or decades”. The importance of a self-management strategy has been emphasised.
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Riaz, Adnan, Ahmad Ashar Ghuman, and Sabeen Khalid. "Assessment of Serum Levels of the Matrix-Metalloproteinase-9, Prostaglandin E-2 and Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 as a Candidate Biomarker of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221611439.
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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are one of the crucial and increasing global health complications. It has highest prevalence not only in Pakistan but also the large cases of COPD are reported world widely. Objective: The study was carried out to find the relationship between elevated serum level of Prostaglandin E2, Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 and Cyclo-oxygenase-2 and Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Study design: It is a case control study conducted at department of biochemistry, Islam Medical College, Sialkot for the duration of six months from February 2022 to July 222. Material and Methods: The patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected for the study. Two groups were made, control group contained 41 healthy individuals and diseased group contained 39 patients. All the patients that were not according to the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study. Results: Average age of patients was calculated and it came out to be 57 years in case of control group and 61 for COPD patients. There were almost similar numbers of male and female members in both groups. The body mass index was also calculated and it was found that 15 participants from the COPD group fell under 23-25 kg/m2 group. Conclusion: The level was found to be high for Matrix-metalloproteinase-9, Prostaglandin E-2 and Cyclooxygenase- 2 in the serum of patients suffering from COPD. The level was increasing as the GOLD grading was increased. Smoking is positively related to the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The level of, PGE-2 and COX-2 showed a positive association with the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients. Keywords: biomarker and Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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Rosenwasser, Yehudis, Irene Berger, and Zvi G. Loewy. "Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbations." Pathogens 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121513.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive pulmonary disorder underpinned by poorly reversible airflow resulting from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. The prevalence and mortality of COPD continue to increase. Pharmacotherapy for patients with COPD has included antibiotics, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory corticosteroids (but with little success). Oral diseases have long been established as clinical risk factors for developing respiratory diseases. The establishment of a very similar microbiome in the mouth and the lung confirms the oral-lung connection. The aspiration of pathogenic microbes from the oral cavity has been implicated in several respiratory diseases, including pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review focuses on current and future pharmacotherapeutic approaches for COPD exacerbation including antimicrobials, mucoregulators, the use of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, modifying epigenetic marks, and modulating dysbiosis of the microbiome.
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González-Herrera, Miguel, and José Ruiz-León. "Vitamin D and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Science Insights 41, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re085.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent diseases of the respiratory system in the elderly, and it poses a grave threat to the survival and quality of life. Examining the pathogenesis of COPD is extremely important for COPD prevention and treatment. To date, however, there is no medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that can delay the lung function decline over time. According to studies, vitamin D offers new hope for the treatment of COPD. A deficiency in vitamin D can exacerbate the progression of COPD, whereas adequate vitamin D has a therapeutic effect on COPD. This paper summarizes the relevant domestic and international research, discusses the possible mechanism of vitamin D’s effect on COPD, and investigates the role of vitamin D, particularly in COPD patients.
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Vandivier, R. William, and Norbert F. Voelkel. "The Challenges of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)—A Perspective." COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2, no. 1 (January 2005): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/copd-200050676.
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Aisanov, Z. R., A. G. Chuchalin, and E. N. Kalmanova. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular comorbidity." Kardiologiia 59, no. 8S (September 16, 2019): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2572.
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In recent years, a greater understanding of the heterogeneity and complexity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has come from the point of view of an integrated clinical assessment of severity, pathophysiology, and the relationship with other pathologies. A typical COPD patient suffers on average 4 or more concomitant diseases and every day about a third of patients take from 5 to 10 different drugs. The mechanisms of the interaction of COPD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) include the effects of systemic inflammation, hyperinflation (hyperinflation) of the lungs and bronchial obstruction. The risk of developing CVD in patients with COPD is on average 2–3 times higher than in people of a comparable age in the general population, even taking into account the risk of smoking. The prevalence of coronary heart disease, heart failure, and rhythm disturbances among COPD patients is significantly higher than in the general population. The article discusses in detail the safety of prescribing various groups of drugs for the treatment of CVD in patients with COPD. Achieving success in understanding and managing patients with COPD and CVD is possible using an integrated multidisciplinary approach.
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Viktorova, I. B., V. N. Zimina, and A. V. Kravchenko. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and HIV-infection." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 12, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2020-12-4-23-31.
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The increasing life expectancy of HIV-infected persons due to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with growing frequency of non-opportunistic respiratory diseases. This review of literature is devoted to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is known to be the most common chronic noninfectious lung condition in HIV-patients. The prevalence of COPD in the global population with HIV is high and is associated with HIV.The article contains actual data on HIV/COPD comorbidity, presents current information on mechanism of COPD development in HIV-infection, factors contributing to the mutual influence and adverse course of comorbid conditions. The specialties of COPD treatment during ART and clinically significant drug interactions between different COPD medications and some antiretrovirals are highlighted.The socio-economic significance of both HIV-infection and COPD argues wide informing of pulmonologists, therapists and infectious disease specialists about the course and treatment of COPD in persons with HIV-infection.
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Desai, Himanshu, and Bhavin Dalal. "Management Options in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics 4 (January 2012): CMT.S6563. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmt.s6563.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading respiratory disease in the world and third leading cause of death in United States. COPD is not recognized as an isolated respiratory disease anymore; in fact it is one of the dreaded diseases with significant systemic involvement and complications. Treatment of COPD requires team work and efforts among physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists and physical therapists. Treatment of patients with frequent exacerbations is a heavy burden on healthcare network. In the last few years, some improvements in the management of COPD have been made, owing to new drugs and management strategies, along with non-pharmacologic treatment of COPD with pulmonary rehabilitation and surgical interventions. Smoking cessation is still the best strategy to prevent COPD and prevent further progression of disease. In this review, we discuss pharmacotherapy of COPD including management of acute exacerbations, pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and role of vaccination in COPD patients.
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Glova, S. E., and I. V. Razumovsky. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation." South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice 2, no. 4 (November 27, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2021-2-4-22-29.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a close relationship with the development of heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF). In the pathogenesis of AF in patients with COPD, decreased oxygenation, hypercapnia, pulmonary hypertension, diastolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, changes in atrial size, and the use of respiratory drugs for the treatment of COPD are important. Understanding the relationship between COPD and AF is of particular importance because the presence of arrhythmias has a significant impact on mortality, especially in exacerbations of COPD. In the presence of COPD, patients with AF have a more rapid progression of AF, recurrence of AF after catheter ablation, and an increase in mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Treatment of the underlying disease, correction of hypoxia and acid‑base imbalance is the first line therapy for patients with COPD who develop AF. Cardioselective β‑blockers are safe and can be used for COPD. AF ablation is effective and safe and improves the quality of life of these patients.
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Chaulin, A. M., and D. V. Duplyakov. "Comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 20, no. 3 (May 14, 2021): 2539. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2539.
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Comorbidity is one of the most significant problems of modern healthcare. Numerous studies have analyzed the possible pathogenetic mechanisms and relationships between a wide variety of diseases. Cardiovascular (CVD) and pulmonary diseases, in particular chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have a number of the same risk factors and pathogenetic links, which aggravate each other's course. Moreover, CVD and COPD are among the most common diseases in the world. This review provides up-to-date information on the prevalence, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this unfavorable combination of diseases. Some problems of diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD and CVD are also discussed.
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Dmytriiev, K. D., and N. S. Slepchenko. "CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY WITH FOCUS ON ARRHYTHMIAS." Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal 30, no. 2 (2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2022-30-2-31-36.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a third leading cause of death worldwide according to the WHO data. But often the direct mortality cause in these patients is cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concomitant cardiovascular pathology with focus on arrhythmia in patients with COPD. Materials and methods. 100 COPD patients were enrolled, mean age (64,09 ± 1,94) years, 66 male (66 %) and 34 female (34 %). There were 68 smokers (68 %), mean smoking duration — (24,44 ± 4,84) pack-years. Mean COPD duration — (9,35 ± 2,42) years. Source medical document data analysis regarding ongoing cardiovascular conditions was conducted. Results. Arterial hypertension was the most prevalent concomitant cardiovascular condition in COPD patients (77 %). Ischemic heart disease was the second by prevalence (67 %). Heart failure, as possible complication of pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale and/or cardiovascular conditions was found in 70 % of cases. Atrial fibrillation was observed in 18 % patients with COPD. Most patients suffered from atrial fibrillation with ventricular tachysystolia (14 %), which was quite typical for COPD due to hypoxia-related sympathetic nervous system activation. Conclusions. COPD and cardiovascular conditions have common pathogenetic mechanisms, leading to the occurrence of the mutual risks. COPD increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases progression and, conversely, presence of cardiovascular disease increases risk of COPD worsening. This connection creates a vicious circle of these diseases progression. Key words. COPD, cardiovascular diseases, arrhythmias.
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Camp, Belinda, Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski, and Jens Schreiber. "Infection-Associated Mechanisms of Neuro-Inflammation and Neuro-Immune Crosstalk in Chronic Respiratory Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 5699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115699.
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Chronic obstructive airway diseases are characterized by airflow obstruction and airflow limitation as well as chronic airway inflammation. Especially bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, can be difficult to treat, and ultimately lack cures. While there are substantial knowledge gaps with respect to disease pathophysiology, our awareness of the role of neurological and neuro-immunological processes in the development of symptoms, the progression, and the outcome of these chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, is growing. Likewise, the role of pathogenic and colonizing microorganisms of the respiratory tract in the development and manifestation of asthma and COPD is increasingly appreciated. However, their role remains poorly understood with respect to the underlying mechanisms. Common bacteria and viruses causing respiratory infections and exacerbations of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases have also been implicated to affect the local neuro-immune crosstalk. In this review, we provide an overview of previously described neuro-immune interactions in asthma, COPD, and respiratory infections that support the hypothesis of a neuro-immunological component in the interplay between chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, respiratory infections, and respiratory microbial colonization.
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Lima, Olga Maria Pinto de, Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza, Omar da Rosa Santos, Pedro Araújo de Moraes, Leonardo Fontenelle de Sá, and Osvaldo J. M. Nascimento. "Subclinical encephalopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 65, no. 4b (December 2007): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2007000700012.
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BACKGROUND: Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a variety of mental symptoms that range from cognitive slowing to mental confusion and dementia. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that COPD leads to cognitive impairment in the absence of acute confusion or dementia. METHOD: The global cognitive status of 30 patients with COPD without dementia or acute confusion and 34 controls was assessed with a Brazilian version of the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). RESULTS: The MMSE scores were significantly lower in the patient group and inversely related to the severity of COPD. This finding could not be attributed to age, education, gender, daytime sleepiness, hypoxemia, chronic tobacco use, or associated diseases such as diabetes, depression, high blood pressure or alcoholism. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the existence of a subclinical encephalopathy of COPD characterized by a subtle impairment of global cognitive ability.
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Divya, Khanduja, and Pandhi Naveen. "A Case series on Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) is independent from other chronic obstructive diseases (COPD and Asthma)." Journal of Pulmonology and Respiratory Research 5, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jprr.1001025.
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As we know that, Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are well characterized diseases, they can co-exist as asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). The co-existence of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is often unrecognized. In patients with a primary diagnosis of COPD or Asthma, the identification of ACO has got implication for better prognosis and treatment. Such patients experience frequent exacerbations, poor quality of life, rapid decline in lung function and high mortality than COPD or Asthma alone. Inhalational steroids provide significant alleviation of symptoms in such patients and some studies suggest that the most severe patients may respond to biological agents indicated for severe asthma. Patients who have asthma with a COPD component tend to present with severe hypoxia because of Irreversible/fixed airway obstruction and impairment of the alveolar diffusion capacity by emphysematous changes. In contrast, patients with COPD who have an asthma component not only have exertional dyspnoea but also develop paroxysmal wheezing or dyspnoea at night or in the early morning. The criteria to diagnose asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) include positive bronchodilator response, sputum eosinophilia or previous diagnosis of asthma, high IgE and/or history of atopy. There is scarcity of literature available in country like India. We highlight the importance of identification of Asthma COPD overlap as different phenotype from COPD or asthma alone as it is challenging to diagnose ACO in India. We report 3 cases having both the features of asthma and COPD, later diagnosed with Asthma-COPD overlap.
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Ilnytskyi, R. I., D. V. Dobrianskyi, G. L. Gumeniuk, N. M. Kuzmenko, and L. B. Petelytska. "CDIAGNOSTICS OF BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION IN PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN PRACTICE." Asthma and allergy 2021, no. 2 (2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31655/2307-3373-2021-2-43-48.
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The practical recommendations describe the clinical symptoms and signs of bronchial obstructive syndrome, which is common in primary care physician practice. The main causes of bronchial obstruction are analyzed. Differential diagnosis of bronchial obstruction and upper airway obstruction are performed. Detailed attention is paid to the differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Differences in clinical symptoms of these diseases are described. The main diagnostic criteria for BA and COPD are analyzed, which are determined by peak flowmetry and spirometry. It is emphasized that the diagnostic significance of the functional indicators of pulmonary ventilation are only in combination with typical clinical symptoms and risk factors. Clinical features of bronchial obstruction in patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome are described. Methods of diagnosis and two clinical cases of this syndrome are described. Key words: syndrome of bronchial obstruction, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peak flowmetry, spirometry, Churg-Strauss syndrome.
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Andari, Fatmi, and Tria Damayanti. "Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease." Respiratory Science 1, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/respirsci.v1i3.26.
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Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is currently still not giving effect to tissue repair and regeneration. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is still a progressive degenerative disease. Stem cells through their regenerative ability offer a new promising alternative therapy for the management of degenerative diseases including COPD. There have been many studies conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of stem cells in COPD. Published research about stem cells on COPD is still in phase II. Further research is needed on a larger scale before stem cells can be widely applied in the management of COPD. Stem cells are a very promising alternative therapy and are a big leap in the medical world for degenerative diseases including COPD.
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Антонюк, Marina Antonyuk, Виткина, Tatyana Vitkina, Новгородцева, Tatyana Novgorodtseva, Денисенко, Yuliya Denisenko, Жукова, and Natalya Zhukova. "MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE." Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, no. 60 (June 15, 2016): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20048.
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The aim is to study structural and functional condition of cell mitochondrial apparatus for evaluating the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMР) and the fatty acids (FA) composition of mitochondrial membranes of blood cells in patients with COPD; to establish the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the mechanism of COPD. The study involved 27 patients with mild COPD, 21 with moderate COPD of a stable course, and 20 healthy people. MMР of leukocytes was assessed with cytofluorimetry. The composition of FA of mitochondrial membranes was studied with gas-liquid chromatography. As a result of the study it was found out that the worsening of the disease (moderate COPD) leads to the increase of the number of white blood cells with reduced MMP and appearance of deficit of the saturated monoenic and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane of mitochondria. The revealed changes in the structural and functional state of mitochondria show a violation in energetic activity, membrane permeability and transport of substances, which is a sign of the formation of mitochondrial dysfunction and cell hypoxia development at respiratory diseases.
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Awokola, B. I., G. A. Amusa, C. P. Jewell, G. Okello, M. Stobrink, L. J. Finney, N. Mohammed, A. Erhart, and K. J. Mortimer. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 26, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.21.0394.
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BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and an important cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of and risk factors for COPD in SSA.METHODS: We conducted a protocol-driven systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Global Health, supplemented by a manual search of the abstracts from thoracic conference proceedings from 2017 to 2020. We did a meta-analysis of COPD prevalence and its association with current smoking.RESULTS: We identified 831 titles, of which 27 were eligible for inclusion in the review and meta-analysis. The population prevalence of COPD ranged from 1.7% to 24.8% (pooled prevalence: 8%, 95% CI 6–11). An increased prevalence of COPD was associated with increasing age, smoking and biomass smoke exposure. The pooled odds ratio for the effect of current smoking (vs. never smoked) on COPD was 2.20 (95% CI 1.62–2.99).CONCLUSION: COPD causes morbidity and mortality in adults in SSA. Smoking is an important risk factor for COPD in SSA, and this exposure needs to be reduced through the combined efforts of clinicians, researchers and policymakers to address this debilitating and preventable lung disease.
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Calendine, Jacob, Sesha Batra, Jade Cherfils, Omar Said, and Vanloan Nguyen. "Gene Therapy Avenues for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Berkeley Pharma Tech Journal of Medicine 1, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52243/bptjm.v1i2.23.
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Gene therapy is a growing field in research and development that may offer a long-lasting solution to several complex diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation in the lungs and the airways, leading to respiratory problems. COPD includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Optimizing treatments for gene therapy in COPD is of paramount importance given COPD's prominence as the fourth leading cause of disease-related death in the United States. We reviewed delivery methods in the current research, including liposomes, nanoparticles, electroporation, adeno-viruses, and adenoassociated viruses (AAV). The broad customizability in the diagnostic and treatment methods is evident in the recent studies. In this paper we explore each method and/or biomarker and evaluate several gene therapy avenues for COPD.
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Daheshia, Massoud. "Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 5, no. 5 (September 2005): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cair.2005.09.003.
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Trofimov, V. I., and D. Z. Baranov. "Clinical and functional peculiarities at patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and overlap of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 24, no. 4 (June 26, 2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-4-80-86.
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BACKGROUND: a comparative analysis of laboratory and instrumental tests at patients with bronchial obstructive diseases seems very actual due to the wide prevalence of these diseases. THE AIM: to evaluate characteristics of spirometry as well as allergic (total IgE, sputum eosinophils) and infectious (blood and sputum leucocytes, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen) inflammation markers at patients with bronchial obstructive diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 104 case histories of patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and overlap were analyzed including age, duration of smoking (pack-years), laboratory (clinical blood test, biochemical blood test, general sputum analysis, sputum culture) and instrumental (spirometry, body plethysmography, echocardiography) tests. Data were processed statistically with non-parametric methods. RESULTS: COPD patients were older than other groups’ patients, had the highest pack-years index. ACO patients were marked with maximal TLC and Raw, minimal FEV1, FEF25-75, FEV1/FVC. Patients with COPD had the highest inflammation markers (leucocyte count, CRP, fibrinogen). CONCLUSION: high active inflammation may cause severe lower airways possibility disorders at patients with COPD. Data related to a possible role of K. pneumoniaе in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation in lower airways are of significant interest. Patients with ACO occupy an intermediate position between asthma and COPD patients based on clinical and functional features.
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Wise, Robert A. "Asthma‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: A clinical entity?" Journal of Precision Respiratory Medicine 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jprm.2020.3.200003.
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Asthma and COPD are easily recognizable clinical entities in their characteristic presentations. Asthma is an early-onset disorder characterized by Type 2, eosinophil-predominant, inflammation of the airways and is associated with atopy. COPD presents in middle age and is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation of the airways and is associated with cigarette smoking or biomass fuel exposure. Between exacerbations, asthma typically has normal lung function whereas COPD has incompletely reversible lung function. Approximately one in five patients with either of these disorders will show some features of both COPD and Asthma. This overlap is far more common than can be accounted for by chance concurrence of two common diseases. There are likely genetic and environmental susceptibilities to both disorders, but there is no single pathobiological mechanism that identifies all such overlap patients. Most likely there are numerous predispositions that lead to Asthma-COPD overlap that may be grounded in early childhood or even pre-natal events. Thus, Asthma-COPD overlap is best considered a family of diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. The future elucidation of these different pathways to Asthma-COPD overlap, in conjunction with highly targeted therapies will aid clinicians in treating these patients.
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Helena, González. "Body Composition, Functional Status and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 2, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/025.
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Objective: To define the correlation between the Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI), the muscle function, degree of airflow obstruction, the respiratory symptoms and the number of exacerbations during the last year in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: Prospective and cross-sectional study of subjects older than 40 years with a clinical diagnosis of COPD who underwent measurement of the FFMI and muscular function to determine if these were correlated with the variables of severe COPD. Results: 55 patients Participated in the study. The FFMI was below 32.7% (n=18) and the strength diminished in 56.4% (n=31). In the sample, we found a direct and significant correlation between the FFMI and the FEV1* (predicted %), (p= 0,045). When analyzed by sex, men had a direct correlation between FFMI and the FEV1*(predicted %), (p=0,019), an inverse correlation between FFMI and the spirometric classification of the Global Initiative Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) (p=0,008) and between the muscular function and the symptoms (p=0, 03). In women no significant correlation was found. Conclusions: The conditions in mass and the muscular function were correlated with clinical variables and pulmonary function in men, but not in women. We did not find a correlation between corporal composition and the number of exacerbations.
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Pasha, M. D. Majeed, Shivalingaswamy Salimath, Mohan Rao K. N., Gayathri Devi H. J., Anshum Aneja, Mantha Satya Padmaja, and Sujith Halappa. "Metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, no. 3 (May 22, 2018): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20182109.
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Background: COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is considered as a systemic disease due to associated systemic inflammation which can manifest as metabolic syndrome or its component illnesses. This study was undertaken to determine the proportion of metabolic syndrome in patients with COPD.Methods: 51 patients with COPD were compared with equal number of age and gender matched controls. GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria were used for diagnosing COPD. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was diagnosed based on modified NCEP:ATP III criteria (National cholesterol education Program Adult Treatment Panel III). Subjects were evaluated for hypertension, WC, FBS, and serum triglycerides and serum HDL (High-density lipoprotein) to diagnose MS.Results: Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 16 (31.4%) patients with COPD and in 8 (15.7%) controls. The proportion of individual parameters of MS in cases and controls was as follows: DM in 19 (37.3%) cases and 13 (25.5%) controls, hypertension in 21(41.2%) cases and 9 (17.6%) controls, low serum HDL in 31 (60.7%) cases and 22 (43.1%) controls increased WC in 14 (27.5%) cases and 7 (13.7%) controls and elevated serum TG in 12 (23.5%) cases and an equal number of controls.Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and its parameters are more prevalent in COPD patients. Early detection and treatment of MS in COPD patients can prevent development of complications due to the combined effects of both diseases.
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Ambatiello, L. G., and I. E. Chazova. "Cardiovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: pathophysiological processes and treatment tactics." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 92, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000456.
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Due to the global aging of the population, the deteriorating ecology and lifestyle changes, patients with isolated cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are becoming less common, and the portrait of a comorbid patient comes first in the structure of patients with CVD. Among a number of diseases complicating and concomitant with cardiovascular, a special place is occupied by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The prevalence of COPD among CVD patients can reach 60%. Many of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying COPD can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and vice versa. The most common cases of COPD are arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Given the close relationship between COPD and CVD, it is clear that treatment for one condition can affect another. This review discusses current positions about the influence of both groups of diseases on each other, and also observes the effects of drug therapy of both diseases.
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Viktorova, I. B., A. L. Khanin, V. N. Zimina, I. V. Dadyka, and M. O. Gorjaeva. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus." PULMONOLOGIYA 31, no. 4 (July 31, 2021): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-4-477-482.
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The aim of the study was to examine the role of COPD in the structure of respiratory diseases in HIV patients and the course of these comorbidities among hospitalized patients with HIV infection.Methods. A continuous longitudinal retrospective study was conducted in the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious Novokuznetsk City Clinical Hospital No.2 and included all HIV patients with respiratory diseases (n = 185) hospitalized in the therapeutic department in 2017 – 2018. About 2% of population in the Kemerovo region (with the population 2.7 million people) is known to be HIV-infected. The regional COPD incidence is 124.7/100 000.Results. COPD was diagnosed in 19 (10.3%) of all HIV patients hospitalized with respiratory diseases. 73.7% of patients with COPD were aged ≤ 40 years, the mean age was 37.6 ± 5.0 years. All patients (100.0%) were known to have smoking and intravenous drug use as potential risk factors for the development and progression of COPD. The ART coverage was low (21.1%). 68.5% of patients with COPD had severe bronchial obstruction with a decrease in FEV1 < 50% of predicted values (GOLD grades III – IV). 73.7% of the patients were assigned to COPD group B, the rest 26.3% – to group D. In 31.6% of patients, the main cause of hospitalization was COPD itself, in 68.4% – COPD combined with other lung diseases (community-acquired pneumonias, septic embolism, tuberculosis and pneumocystosis). The CD4-lymphocyte count in cases of COPD combined with other respiratory diseases (median 214.0 cell/μl) was lower than in COPD as the only respiratory disease (median 495.5 cells/μl) (p = 0,014).Conclusion. The socio-economic significance of both HIV-infection and COPD argues the further study of the course and treatment of COPD in persons with HIV-infection.
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Cherepii, Nataliya, and Lesia Rasputina. "DIAGNOSTICS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE: HYPODIAGNISTICS OR HYPERDIAGNOSTICS." EUREKA: Health Sciences 3 (May 31, 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2017.00340.
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According to the data of the world statistics there is observed the continuous growth of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to the last data of the World health organization (WHO), for today there is near 250 mln persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and this disease becomes as cause of death of near 3 mln persons annually. Aim: to establish the prevalence of undiagnosed chronic pulmonary disease (COPD) among persons, who consider themselves as healthy ones and regularly undergo medical check-ups; to estimate the frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to the data of medical documentation. Methods and materials: 525 persons, older than 35, who did not have in an anamnesis any chronic diseases of respiratory tract, were interrogated. At the following stage, persons, who had taken 18 points or more underwent a spirography with bronchodilatation test, using 400 mcg of salbutamol and were interrogated by the modified questionnaire of short breath by the medical research council (MRC) and test of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease estimation (COPD) (TEC). There were examined 136 patients, mean age (51,5±0,8), men were 81(59,5 %) mean age (52,2±1,1) and women – 55(40,4 %) mean age (50,7±0,9). There were analyzed 56 medical stories of patients, treated at therapeutic departments of the city clinic because of internal organs diseases with the concomitant diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among persons with first revealed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease у 21 (26,6 %) was reveled І severity degree according to GOLD, in 26 persons (32,9 %) – GOLD ІІ, in 28 (35,4 %) – GOLD ІІІ, in 4 (5,1 %) – GOLD ІV severity degree, so 32 patients did not receive basic treatment at all. At the same time among patients with COPD diagnosis in medical documentation only in 38,4 % this diagnosis was spirographically verified, the hyperdiagnostics of disease on the base of complaints and age characteristic took place in other cases.
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Geltser, B. I., I. G. Kurpatov, Vladimir N. Kotelnikov, and Yu V. Zayats. "Comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic stroke." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 96, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-1-5-12.
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This review summarizes the literature on the problem of comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischemic stroke (IS). The basic mechanisms of interrelation of these diseases. According to various sources the prevalence of IS in patients with COPD by 20% higher than in the general population. COPD and IS have common risk factors, the main of which is considered the age and smoking. Such manifestations of COPD such as chronic systemic inflammation (HSV), oxidative stress, accelerated atherogenesis, increased thrombotic risk events, arterial hypoxemia and hypercapnia may also influence the frequency of occurrence of IS. The importance given to the role in the development of COPD, certain subtypes of IS. Thus, HSV increases the intensity of the processes of atherogenesis and causes destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, which increases the risk of developing atherothrombotic subtype of IS. COPD is a major factor of vascular comorbidity, promotes hemodynamic and cardioembolic subtype IS. It is therefore evident that a more frequent occurrence of ischemic central nervous system damage in patients with COPD compared to the general population is the result of the combined effect on cerebral blood flow and brain morphological structure of multiple pathogenic factors associated with systemic manifestations of the disease. Therapy options for comorbid COPD and IS flow needs to be improved. Thus, further study of comorbidity of COPD and AI mechanisms, understanding of the role and place of the respiratory and cerebrovascular syntropy, in the development of these diseases opens up prospects for the implementation of modern strategies of rational therapy.
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ÖZKAN KUŞCU, Özlem, and Pınar ERGENOĞLU. "Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığında Noktürnal Noninvaziv Pozitif Basınçlı Ventilasyon." Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 31, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1079923.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is characterized as a progressive and irreversible inflammatory response in the airways and alveoli because of exposure to noxious particles or gases. Excessive inflammation causes progressive, persistent, and not fully reversible structural changes and airflow limitation. Although COPD is a significant public health problem, diagnosis and treatment stages need to be improved.Nocturnal Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation is one of the treatment modalities of choice for COPD exacerbation, and the role and benefits of NPPV in COPD exacerbation are well defined, but the use of nocturnal NPPV on stable severe COPD individuals is controversial, and the evidence is not sufficient yet. This review evaluates the effects of nocturnal NPPV on stable COPD patients.
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Ajoy Kumar, P., and Are Suryakari Sreekanth. "A study on overview of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlaps among patients with obstructive airway diseases." IP Indian Journal of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2021.025.
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Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are different disease entities. They are both clinical diagnoses, with diagnostic tools to discriminate between one another.There is a need to re-evaluate the concept of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as separate conditions, and to consider situations when they may coexist, or when one condition may evolve into the other. A prospective study included 70 patients with chronic airway diseases who were classified into three groups (COPD, asthma and ACO). They were selected from Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kurnool Medical College outpatient clinic during the period from January 2019 to December 2019, where patients with COPD and ACO were diagnosed according to GOLD guidelines and patients with asthma were diagnosed according to GINA guidelines. Patients enrolled in the study were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, full laboratory examination, plain chest radiography, spirometry before bronchodilator and after bronchodilator administration (reversibility test) and sputum analysis for counting eosinophils cells. This study was conducted on 70 patients with chronic airway diseases (COPD, asthma and asthma COPD overlap) were selected. It included 47(67.1%) males and 23(32.8%) females. In our study, 30 (42.8%) patients as having COPD, 19(27.1%) patients were diagnosed as having asthma and 21(30%) patients were diagnosed as having ACO. Regarding the age difference between groups, it was found that patients who were diagnosed as having ACO were older than asthmatic patients with mean age of 49.43±5.83 and 47.23±6.73years, respectively. The men age of patients with COPD was 57.32±6.74 which was older than both ACO and asthmatic patients. ACO represents a large percentage among patients with obstructive airway diseases. It shares some features of asthma such as atopy and positive sputum eosinophilia, and some features of COPD like old age of presentation and positive smoking history.
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Tony, Sara M., and Mohamed EA Abdelrahim. "Diseases of the Respiratory Tract: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 6, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcnr.v6i3.3907.
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Short acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) such as salbutamol and terbutaline are commonly used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to the guideline produced by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), SABAs are considered to be the first line of treatment in asthma management. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines also recommend the use of SABA as the first line of treatment for managing patients with COPD. The recommendations in NICE guidelines state that in COPD patients, breathlessness and exercise limitation should be first medicated with short-acting bronchodilators (including beta2-agonists or anticholinergics) when it is required. Both salbutamol and terbutaline have been widely used for asthma and COPD, and they have been found to be extremely beneficial in the two pathologic conditions.
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Mazurina, S. A., G. A. Danilina, M. Yu Smirnova, G. L. Osipova, V. B. Gervazieva, A. Yu Konischeva, and T. P. Ospelnikova. "THE MICROBIOTA OF LOWER AIRWAYS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 5 (October 28, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2018-5-53-60.
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Aim. We aimed to estimate the composition and the detection frequency of bacterial species in induced sputum samples from patients with bronchial asthma (BA), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and its combined phenotype (ACOS). Materials and methods. Bacteriological examination of samples of induced sputum in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (BA, COPD) was carried out. Results. Patients with asthma-COPD overlap syndrome exhibit more diverse bacterial species composition as represented both by gram-positive Streptococcus sрp., Staphylococcus spр., gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniaе, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Burkholderia cepacia and rodlike bacterium Corynebacterium spр., Actinomyces spр. и Tsukamurella рaurometabola as compared to patients with only one diagnosis of COPD or asthma. In addition, we revealed the differences between microbiological diversity and predominance of Streptococcus spр, Neisseria subflava with decrease of Enterococcus sрр. in samples from patients with complicated forms of obstructive lung diseases as COPD and ACOS, with pulmonary emphysema and/or pneumosclerosis. Conclusion. The biodiversity of lung microbiome could be one of the pathology risk factors in patients with chronic lung diseases, on the other hand reflecting the structural morphological changes in the lung tissue as a result of sustainable inflammation.
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Mantilla, Carlos B., and Gary C. Sieck. "Neuromotor control in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 9 (May 1, 2013): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01212.2012.
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Neuromotor control of skeletal muscles, including respiratory muscles, is ultimately dependent on the structure and function of the motor units (motoneurons and the muscle fibers they innervate) comprising the muscle. In most muscles, considerable diversity of contractile and fatigue properties exists across motor units, allowing a range of motor behaviors. In diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there may be disproportional primary (disease related) or secondary effects (related to treatment or other concomitant factors) on the size and contractility of specific muscle fiber types that would influence the relative contribution of different motor units. For example, with COPD there is a disproportionate atrophy of type IIx and/or IIb fibers that comprise more fatigable motor units. Thus fatigue resistance may appear to improve, while overall motor performance (e.g., 6-min walk test) and endurance (e.g., reduced aerobic exercise capacity) are diminished. There are many coexisting factors that might also influence motor performance. For example, in COPD patients, there may be concomitant hypoxia and/or hypercapnia, physical inactivity and unloading of muscles, and corticosteroid treatment, all of which may disproportionately affect specific muscle fiber types, thereby influencing neuromotor control. Future studies should address how plasticity in motor units can be harnessed to mitigate the functional impact of COPD-induced changes.
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Geltser, B. I., I. G. Kurpatov, and V. N. Kotelnikov. "Respiratory muscle dysfunction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 96, no. 7 (December 15, 2018): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-7-581-589.
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The review presents literature data on the problem of respiratory muscle (RM) dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the development of RM dysfunction, both local and systemic factors of the pathogenesis of COPD are important. Local factors are associated with lung remodelling and the need to overcome RM excessive breathing resistance, which increases the intensity of their work, contributes to the development of hypertrophy and insufficiency. Chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, excessive proteolysis and other systemic manifestations of COPD change the metabolism and structural and functional organisation of RM. Low nutritional status, increasing protein-energy deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, endocrine disorders against the background of progressive respiratory insufficiency and tissue hypoxia contribute to the development of RM weakness. The combination of COPD, acute disorders of cerebral circulation and chronic heart failure sharply worsens the function of RM and the prognosis of comorbid diseases. Also, the dysfunction of RM in patients with COPD is significantly aggravated at the age of senility. The review discusses the possibilities of pharmacological correction of RM dysfunction and other clinical aspects of this problem.
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Bán, Ágnes, Zsolt Ferenc Németh, Adrienn Szauter, Szilvia Soós, and Márta Balaskó. "A krónikus parodontitis, illetve szájnyálkahártya-laesiók előfordulása és súlyossága krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben." Orvosi Hetilap 159, no. 21 (May 2018): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31037.
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Abstract: Introduction: Chronic parodontitis is a prevalent oral disease that may lead to the loss of teeth independently of caries. Some systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure) may aggravate chronic parodontitis. On the other hand, this oral disease may aggravate other systemic diseases. Earlier studies suggested a correlation between chronic parodontitis and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: The aim of our study was the investigation of the correlation between chronic parodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: We have recruited patients of the Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, in the study. Volunteers were assigned into a COPD (n = 29) and control group (n = 45). Airflow limitation of the COPD group (FEV1/FVC: 61.52 ± 3.2%) corresponded to GOLD 2 (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; FEV1: 52.66 ± 3.57%). Oral health assessment included mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, decayed/filled and missing teeth, Löe–Silness, oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes. One-way ANOVA and non-parametric Mann–Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Oral health of the COPD group was worse than that of the controls. In this group the mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, the Löe–Silness, the oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes were higher. Conclusions: Our results confirm the positive correlation between chronic parodontitis and a moderate level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, it is not clear whether the COPD-associated systemic inflammation aggravated the oral status or the chronic parodontitis influenced negatively chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 831–836.
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Magnussen, Richter, and Taube. "Are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma different diseases?" Clinical & Experimental Allergy 28 (November 1998): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.028s5187.x.
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Budnevsky, A. V., E. V. Voronina, E. S. Ovsyannikov, L. N. Tsvetikova, Yu G. Zhusina, and N. B. Labzhaniya. "Anemia of chronic diseases as a systemic manifestation of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 95, no. 3 (May 10, 2017): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-3-201-206.
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Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is one of the most frequent forms of anemia is often observed in patients with infections, cancer and chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The underlying mechanisms are complex and include dysregulation of iron homeostasis and erythropoietin production, impaired proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells and reduced life span of red blood cells. Moreover, ACD is often superimposed by malnutrition, bleeding and renal failure. ACD is mediated through inflammatory cytokines and characterized by low serum iron (hypoferremia) and often increased reticuloendothelial stores of iron. ACD is usually normocytic, normochromic anemia, but it can become microcytic and hypochromic as the disease progresses. Hepcidin, the main regulator of iron homeostasis and its synthesis, is inhibited by iron deficiency and stimulated by inflammation. In many patients the disease is associated with several extrapulmonary manifestations regarded as the expression of the systemic inflammatory state of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies showed that anemia in patients with COPD is more frequent than expected, with its prevalence ranging from 8 to 33%. Systemic inflammation may be an important pathogenic factor, but anemia in COPD can also be the result of a number of factors, such as the treatment with certain drugs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or theophylline), endocrine disorders, acute exacerbations and oxygen therapy. Anemia in COPD patients is strongly associated with increased functional dyspnea, decreased exercise capacity and is an independent predictor of mortality. Treatment options to correct anemia used in other chronic diseases, such as congestive heart failure, cancer or chronic kidney disease have not been explored in COPD (i.e. erythropoietic agents, iron supplements or combined therapy). It is not known whether treating the underlying inflammation could improve hematological characteristics. It is important to develop basic diagnostic modalities for this group of patients and formulate methods of anemia correction.
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Qu, Shuang, and Jing Zhu. "A Nomogram for Predicting Cardiovascular Diseases in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (October 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6394290.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common comorbidities in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which increase the risk of hospitalization, length of stay, and death in COPD patients. This study aimed to identify the predictors for CVDs in COPD patients and construct a prediction model based on these predictors. In total, 1022 COPD patients in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were involved in the cross-sectional study. All subjects were randomly divided into the training set (n = 709) and testing set (n = 313). The differences before and after the manipulation of the missing data were compared via sensitivity analysis. Univariate and multivariable analyses were employed to screen the predictors of CVDs in COPD patients. The performance of the prediction model was evaluated via the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and calibration. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients using different COPD diagnosis methods and patients smoking or not smoking in the testing set. We found that male, older age, a smoking history, overweight, a history of blood transfusion, a history of heart disease in close relatives, higher levels of white blood cell (WBC), and monocyte (MONO) were associated with the increased risk of CVDs in COPD patients. Higher levels of platelets (PLT) and lymphocyte (LYM) were associated with reduced risk of CVDs in COPD patients. A prediction model for the risk of CVDs in COPD patients was established based on predictors including gender, age, a smoking history, BMI, a history of blood transfusion, a history of heart disease in close relatives, WBC, MONO, PLT, and LYM. The AUC value of the prediction model was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71–0.79) in the training set and 0.79 (95%CI: 0.73–0.85) in the testing set. The prediction model established showed good predictive performance in predicting CVDs in COPD patients.
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Warren, C. Peter W. "The Nature and Causes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Historical Perspective." Canadian Respiratory Journal 16, no. 1 (2009): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/540527.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the currently favoured name for the diseases formerly known as emphysema and bronchitis. COPD has been recognized for more than 200 years. Its cardinal symptoms are cough, phlegm and dyspnea, and its pathology is characterized by enlarged airspaces and obstructed airways. In the 19th century, the diagnosis of COPD depended on its symptoms and signs of a hyperinflated chest, and reduced expiratory breath sounds. The airflow obstruction evident on spirometry was identified in that century, but did not enter into clinical practice. Bronchitis, and the mechanical forces required to overcome its obstruction, was believed to be responsible for emphysema, although the inflammation present was recognized. The causes of bronchitis, and hence emphysema, included atmospheric and domestic air pollution, as well as dusty occupations. Cigarette smoking only became recognized as the dominant cause in the 20th century. The lessons learned of the risks for COPD in 19th-century Britain are very pertinent to the world today.
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Luo, Jia-Ying, Hui-An Chen, Yuan-Yu Feng, Ye-Peng Chen, Xiang-Cheng Lei, Shuang-Lin Guo, Xiao-Bin Huang, Zhi-Man Liang, Ning Li, and Bao-Qing Sun. "Blood Eosinophil Endotypes across Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2022 (October 19, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9656278.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Eosinophils were common inflammatory cells involved in the occurrence and development of various inflammatory diseases. Multiple recent studies have pointed to the increasingly important role of eosinophils in respiratory diseases. This article aims to compare the expression differences of blood eosinophil counts between asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Methods. Patients with asthma, COPD, and ACO who were seen in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2012 to June 2019 were included. We collected information such as age, gender, diagnosis, the eosinophil counts from the medical records. Moreover, the levels of 10 cytokines in the plasma of each group were detected by using the Meso Scale Discovery method. Results. We included 9787 patients with asthma, 15806 patients with COPD, and 831 ACO patients. From our results, it can be first found that eosinophil levels were age-related in the three diseases (asthma and ACO: p < 0.001 ; COPD: P = 0.001 ); in asthma and COPD, the number of eosinophils in males was more significant than that in females (asthma: p < 0.001 ; COPD: p = 0.012 ). Second, asthma patients had higher blood eosinophil counts than those with COPD and ACO ( p < 0.001 ). Moreover, we found out that eosinophil levels were highly expressed in the stable group of all three diseases. Finally, we found that most cytokines in ACO patients showed a downward trend when the level of eosinophils was low, whereas the results were reversed in asthma patients; 7 cytokines had similar trends in COPD and ACO patients. Conclusions. In conclusion, eosinophils have their own unique endotypes in asthma, COPD, and ACO patients, which were reflected in the fluctuation of their levels and changes in cytokine secretion.
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S., Mathanraj, Vysak Kumar, Yuvarajan S., and Vikram Reddy. "Correlation of serum TNF alpha level with severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173020.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) is the most widely studied cytokine of TNF super family. TNF α plays a significant role in many inflammatory diseases affecting the lung, such as chronic bronchitis (CB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Elevated levels of TNF-alpha are seen in COPD patients. An increased level of TNF-α has been found in induced sputum or lung biopsy of COPD patients. 14-16 This study includes correlation of level of TNF α with severity and characterization of individuals with COPD. There are only limited numbers of studies being conducted regarding this topic in the world, including India. Objectives of present study were to measure the TNF-α level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to correlate TNF α level with severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: The study was conducted on one hundred and eight (108) patient’s COPD patients attending the Pulmonary medicine department of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital Puducherry, who are aged above forty years, with a duration of 18 months, starting from the date of getting approval from the Ethics Committee. The subjects were analysed on their TLC, DLC was done to rule out any co-existing infections. Spirometry was done to confirm the diagnosis of COPD. Blood was taken from the confirmed COPD patients after getting their approval, for the estimation of serum TNF α level.Results: The Serum TNF alpha levels increases according to the COPD severity. The mean serum TNF alpha level in patients with mild obstruction, moderate obstruction, severe and very severe obstruction were 9.91+2.9, 21.25+4.8, 32.4+8.2 and 39.2+3.1pg/dl respectively. Mean TNF alpha value was 26.7pg/dl. The values of TNF α increases with the stages of COPD which is statistically significant with p value of 0.0001.Conclusions: The present study showed that serum TNF alpha level correlates with severity of airway obstruction in spirometry among the COPD patients. It also correlates with the disease severity as per the different stages of COPD patients (GOLD COPD staging 2016). Thus, serum TNF alpha is a useful marker to monitor the disease severity in addition to spirometric parameters like FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. However, further studies are needed with larger sample size.
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Choi, Joon Young, Jin Woo Song, and Chin Kook Rhee. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Interstitial Lung Disease." Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 85, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2021.0141.
Full textAbstract:
Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) have distinct clinical features, both diseases may coexist in a patient because they share similar risk factors such as smoking, male sex, and old age. Patients with both emphysema in upper lung fields and diffuse ILD are diagnosed with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), which causes substantial clinical deterioration. Patients with CPFE have higher mortality compared with patients who have COPD alone, but results have been inconclusive compared with patients who have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Poor prognostic factors for CPFE include exacerbation, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. The presence of interstitial lung abnormalities, which may be an early or mild form of ILD, is notable among patients with COPD, and is associated with poor prognosis. Various theories have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of CPFE. Biomarker analyses have implied that this pathophysiology may be more closely associated with IPF development, rather than COPD or emphysema. Patients with CPFE should be advised to quit smoking and undergo routine lung function tests, and pulmonary rehabilitation may be helpful. Various pharmacologic agents and surgical approaches may be beneficial in patients with CPFE, but further studies are needed.
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B.C, Venkatesh, and Raju C.H. "A study on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlaps among patients with obstructive airway diseases." IP Indian Journal of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2021.016.
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There is a need to re-evaluate the concept of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as separate conditions, and to consider situations when they may coexist, or when one condition may evolve into the other. This is prospective, observational and descriptive study conducted at MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy, India from June 2020 to December 2020 among chronic airway diseases who were classified into three groups (COPD, Asthma, and Asthma and COPD overlap (ACO)). Patients with COPD and ACO were diagnosed according to GOLD guidelines 2020 and patients with asthma were diagnosed according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines 2020. : Regarding the age difference between groups, it was found that patients who were diagnosed as having COPD and ACO were with mean age of 57.23±8.54 and 56.26±7.73 years, respectively. The men age of patients of Asthma was 57.51±8.43. In our study, 28 (30%) patients as having COPD, 39 (45.5%) patients were diagnosed as having ACO, 23 (24.4%) patients were diagnosed as having asthma. In our study comparison of groups regarding history of atopy. We found that 71.7% of ACO group, 78.2% of asthma group and 25% of COPD group had a positive history of atopy. Comparison of study groups regarding sputum eosinophils revealed that 30.7 % of ACO group, 73.9% of asthma group and 32.1% of COPD group had positive sputum eosinophils. ACO represents a large percentage among patients with obstructive airway diseases. It shares some features of asthma such as atopy and positive sputum eosinophilia, and some features of COPD like old age of presentation and positive smoking history.