Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)

Academic literature on the topic 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)"

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Odler, Balázs, and Veronika Müller. "Asthma-COPD overlap szindróma." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 33 (August 2016): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30520.

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Obstructive lung diseases represent a major health problem worldwide due to their high prevalence associated with elevated socioeconomic costs. Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic obstructive ventilatory disorders with airway inflammation, however they are separate nosological entities based on thedifferent development, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and prognostic features. However, these diseases may coexist and can be defined as the coexistence of increased variability of airflow in a patient with incompletely reversible airway obstruction. This phenotype is called asthma – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. The syndrome is a clinical and scientific challenge as the majority of these patients have been excluded from the clinical and pharmacological trials, thus well-defined clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches are lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available literature focusing on pathophysiological and clinical features, and discuss possible therapeutic approaches of patients with asthma – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(33), 1304–1313.
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Sukholytka, Mariia. "Hypothyroidism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 16, no. 8 (April 6, 2021): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.16.8.2020.222884.

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The risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as thyroid diseases increases with age. COPD is a common systemic disease associated with chronic inflammation. Many endocrinological disorders, including thyroid gland diseases are related to systemic inflammation. Epidemiological studies suggest that patients with COPD are at higher risk of thyroid disorders. These associations are not well-studied and thyroid gland diseases are not included on the broadly acknowledged list of COPD comorbidities. They may seriously handicap quality of life of COPD patients. Unfortunately, the diagnosis may be difficult, as many signs are masked by the symptoms of the index disease. The comprehension of the correlation between thyroid gland disorders and COPD may contribute to better care of patients. In this review, we attempt to revise available literature describing existing links between COPD and thyroid diseases. The signs or symptoms of thyroid disorders may be non-specific, especially among the elderly, therefore the differential diagnosis between symptoms of COPD and symptoms related to thyroid disease can cause difficulties. Many data show higher risk of thyroid hormones alterations in COPD patients. Hypothyroidism may influence respiration by different mechanisms, even in subjects with intact respiratory system. Therefore, it is hard to distinguish whether hormonal changes are the reason or a consequence of different respiratory signs and symptoms. In some instances, the correction of hormonal alternations may improve the qua­lity of life of COPD patients and other disease outcomes. The comprehension of an association between COPD, thyroid gland function and thyroid disorders may provide important information about the systemic nature of COPD.
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Tahasildar, Kunal K., and Jagannath S. Shete. "The clinical profile of obstructive lung diseases patients attending tertiary care hospital in Nanded, Maharashtra: an observational study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 3970. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184892.

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Background: Obstructive lung diseases as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have considerable morbidity and mortality globally. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is projected to rank fifth in 2020 in burden of disease worldwide, according to the WHO study. Aim and objectives was to evaluate clinical profiles of obstructive lung diseases patients attending tertiary care hospital.Methods: The data was collected from 112 obstructive lung diseases patients presenting to OPD of pulmonary medicine department from January 2009 to August 2010. Research tool comprised of questions about demographic characteristics, past or presenting symptoms, general and systemic examinations. For statistical analysis MS Excel and SPSS 16 were used.Results: Overall 72 (64.28%) were smokers. 63 (56.25%) were suffering from COPD and 49 (43.75%) were asthmatic. Breathlessness was found as most common symptom in 53 (84.12%) COPD and in 45 (91.83%) asthma patients. Among COPD patients, 26 (41.26%) were of moderate obstruction whereas in asthma patients, 17 (34.69%) were of moderate obstruction and 16 (32.65%) were of severe obstruction as per Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT).Conclusions: Males were most commonly affected in obstructive lung diseases. COPD was common after 35 years of age where as asthma occurs mostly before 35 years of age. Smoking was most common etiological factor. Breathlessness was the most common presenting symptom. Family history of asthma was most common risk factor for asthma patients. Most of the patients with both COPD as well as asthma had moderate type of obstructions.
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Ish, Pranav. "An Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Epidemiology International 06, no. 01 (March 30, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202104.

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Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is expected to increase in the coming decades due to increasing air pollution. In a country like India, it is a challenge to control the growing incidence of COPD. For this, it is imperative to understand the various risk factors that lead to the development of COPD including smoking and the ever-worsening environmental air pollution levels. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out at the out-patient clinic of pulmonary medicine at our tertiary care centre. Clinical severity data, demographic characteristics, smoking history, and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 levels at the residence of the patients were recorded. A total of 182 cases of COPD and 365 controls were taken. Result: COPD was found to be common among males (69.2%), among the factory workers, drivers and roadside vendors and in elderly age groups. COPD was found to be associated with exposure to active and passive smoking (p < 0.05). Exposure to dust, fumes, and smoke at the workplace was significantly more prevalent among the COPD patients (13.2%) than the control group (2.7%). Besides, 61.5% of the COPD patients were residing in the area with PM 2.5 levels > 60μg/m3 which was significantly greater than the controls (44.9%). Conclusion: The main risk factor for COPD is exposure to active and passive tobacco smoking. Other environmental factors such as exposure to dust, fumes at the workplace and home are also associated with COPD. Level of PM 2.5 > 60 μg/m3 is associated with an increased risk of COPD. Thus, the environmental history of residence in Delhi or a city with high AQI is significant in evaluating a COPD patient. It is important to understand the contribution of these risk factors as curbing and curtailing them can help prevent and control the growing burden of COPD.
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Ish, Pranav. "An Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Epidemiology International 06, no. 01 (March 30, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202104.

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Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is expected to increase in the coming decades due to increasing air pollution. In a country like India, it is a challenge to control the growing incidence of COPD. For this, it is imperative to understand the various risk factors that lead to the development of COPD including smoking and the ever-worsening environmental air pollution levels. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out at the out-patient clinic of pulmonary medicine at our tertiary care centre. Clinical severity data, demographic characteristics, smoking history, and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 levels at the residence of the patients were recorded. A total of 182 cases of COPD and 365 controls were taken. Result: COPD was found to be common among males (69.2%), among the factory workers, drivers and roadside vendors and in elderly age groups. COPD was found to be associated with exposure to active and passive smoking (p < 0.05). Exposure to dust, fumes, and smoke at the workplace was significantly more prevalent among the COPD patients (13.2%) than the control group (2.7%). Besides, 61.5% of the COPD patients were residing in the area with PM 2.5 levels > 60μg/m3 which was significantly greater than the controls (44.9%). Conclusion: The main risk factor for COPD is exposure to active and passive tobacco smoking. Other environmental factors such as exposure to dust, fumes at the workplace and home are also associated with COPD. Level of PM 2.5 > 60 μg/m3 is associated with an increased risk of COPD. Thus, the environmental history of residence in Delhi or a city with high AQI is significant in evaluating a COPD patient. It is important to understand the contribution of these risk factors as curbing and curtailing them can help prevent and control the growing burden of COPD.
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Alotaibi, Fayez Salem Marzoq, Wafa Jazi Alhamereen, Saosan Abdulrahman Almogisib, Ohoud Jazi Alhamereen, Tahani Mohammed Alanazi, Safa Diab Alokaili, Awad Lafi Almutairi, Sultan M. Abuqayyan, and Yahya Mohammed alzain. "Assessment of Depression and Smoking in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i11-15.

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Background: Depression is common in COPD patients, and smokers are more likely to develop it. Methods: The smoking habits of 100 people with COPD were evaluated for the study during either an outpatient visit or a hospital stay. The Hamilton depression rating scale was used to assess depression in the study population (HAM-D). Result: The majority of the COPD patients in the current study were former smokers. The findings indicated that former smokers were more likely to experience depressed symptoms. Conclusion: Depression is a common condition among COPD patients. The findings revealed that patient age and smoking habits had a significant impact on the progression of COPD illness.
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Daga, Mradul Kumar. "Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: More than just a Comorbidity." Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine 07, no. 03 (December 22, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7181.202011.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and loss of Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) worldwide. It often is accompanied by the presence of various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis which may have an impact on the course of the disease. Osteopenia and osteoporosis are the consequences of loss of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and have been widely known major comorbidities in COPD patients. Female sex, age, and smoking are common pathogenic factors for both COPD and osteoporosis, other factors such as reduced daily physical activity, malnutrition, low body mass index, hypogonadism, vitamin D deficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic hypoxemia, and drugs like corticosteroids, have been invoked to explain such a frequent association between them. Osteoporosis in COPD is however often undertreated. It has been shown in recent studies that both decreased Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and impaired bone quality contribute to bone fragility, causing fractures in COPD patients. Pulmonary function and activities of the daily life of COPD patients may be further deteriorated by osteoporosis-associated fractures. Calcium and vitamin D, hormone replacement when indicated, calcitonin, and bisphosphonate administration are few effective strategies to tackle bone loss and osteoporosis. Awareness about this high prevalence of osteoporosis in COPD patients is critically important and physicians should look for such fracture risks. Routine screening and early diagnosis of osteoporosis will enable physicians to provide the appropriate treatment to prevent fracture, which leads to improved quality of life as well as better long-term prognosis.
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Khan, Iqbal. "Stigma towards Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: To Help or To Judge?" Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 4, no. 3 (July 23, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/063.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the third leading cause of mortality worldwide, is a highly incapacitating irrevocable health problem, with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. According to Suzanne Hurd and Claude Lenfant, it is “the only chronic disease for which the finger of blame can be pointed to a single risk factor – tobacco smoking”. However, only 15-20% of smokers are afflicted. Whereas smoking is far from being the only cause, substantial proportion of COPD cases cannot be explained by smoking alone. The visibility of distressing and frightening physical manifestations of symptoms leads to serious ‘‘observable’’ consequences, such as disability or lack of control, public use of oxygen and rescue inhalers. As a result “they are disqualified from full social acceptance”. However, the stigma is not the only factor responsible for the miseries of those with COPD. In fact, there are many misconceptions in this scenario which have been discussed. The need of a huge awareness campaign for the public to improve their understanding of lung diseases (notably COPD) has been highlighted. The patient, healthcare professionals and the health services should be prepared to play their new role in the management of a chronic disease like COPD “requiring “ongoing management over a period of years or decades”. The importance of a self-management strategy has been emphasised.
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Riaz, Adnan, Ahmad Ashar Ghuman, and Sabeen Khalid. "Assessment of Serum Levels of the Matrix-Metalloproteinase-9, Prostaglandin E-2 and Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 as a Candidate Biomarker of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221611439.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are one of the crucial and increasing global health complications. It has highest prevalence not only in Pakistan but also the large cases of COPD are reported world widely. Objective: The study was carried out to find the relationship between elevated serum level of Prostaglandin E2, Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 and Cyclo-oxygenase-2 and Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Study design: It is a case control study conducted at department of biochemistry, Islam Medical College, Sialkot for the duration of six months from February 2022 to July 222. Material and Methods: The patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected for the study. Two groups were made, control group contained 41 healthy individuals and diseased group contained 39 patients. All the patients that were not according to the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study. Results: Average age of patients was calculated and it came out to be 57 years in case of control group and 61 for COPD patients. There were almost similar numbers of male and female members in both groups. The body mass index was also calculated and it was found that 15 participants from the COPD group fell under 23-25 kg/m2 group. Conclusion: The level was found to be high for Matrix-metalloproteinase-9, Prostaglandin E-2 and Cyclooxygenase- 2 in the serum of patients suffering from COPD. The level was increasing as the GOLD grading was increased. Smoking is positively related to the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The level of, PGE-2 and COX-2 showed a positive association with the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients. Keywords: biomarker and Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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Rosenwasser, Yehudis, Irene Berger, and Zvi G. Loewy. "Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbations." Pathogens 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121513.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive pulmonary disorder underpinned by poorly reversible airflow resulting from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. The prevalence and mortality of COPD continue to increase. Pharmacotherapy for patients with COPD has included antibiotics, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory corticosteroids (but with little success). Oral diseases have long been established as clinical risk factors for developing respiratory diseases. The establishment of a very similar microbiome in the mouth and the lung confirms the oral-lung connection. The aspiration of pathogenic microbes from the oral cavity has been implicated in several respiratory diseases, including pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review focuses on current and future pharmacotherapeutic approaches for COPD exacerbation including antimicrobials, mucoregulators, the use of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, modifying epigenetic marks, and modulating dysbiosis of the microbiome.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)"

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Noell, Guillaume. "Multi-Level Integrated Analysis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) heterogeneity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667980.

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Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including cancer, cardiovascular (heart diseases or stroke), respiratory (COPD or asthma) and metabolic diseases (diabetes) are chronic conditions that represent a major global health problem of the 21st century. All of them, however, are the end-result of a complex set of gene-environment interactions that develop over years and often lead to several NCDs co-existing in the same individual (multi-morbidity). Multi-level integrated analysis has the potential to uncover the heterogeneity of NCDs by conceptualizing them as emergent properties of a complex, non-linear, dynamic and multilevel biological system, or network of biological and environmental interactions. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a NCD of increasing prevalence worldwide that is projected to be by 2020 the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is currently viewed as a broad diagnostic term that encompass a continuum of subtypes each characterized by distinct functional or pathobiological mechanisms (endotypes) and is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. The underlying hypothesis of this PhD Thesis is that multi-level integrated analysis can help us understand highly heterogeneous respiratory diseases such as COPD. Specifically, the following two aspects of COPD heterogeneity will be addressed: 1) Exacerbations of COPD (ECOPD): ECOPD are episodes of worsening of the symptoms whose pathogenesis and biology are not entirely understood. They are heterogeneous events of non-specific diagnosis. Biomarkers analysis and networks medicine were used to uncover novel pathobiological information from the comparison of the multi-level (i.e., clinical, physiological, biological, imaging and microbiological) correlation networks determined during ECOPD and clinical recover. We concluded that ECOPD are characterised by disruption of network homeokinesis that exists during convalescence and can be identified objectively by using a panel of three biomarkers (dyspnoea, circulating neutrophils and CRP levels) frequently determined in clinical practice. 2) Early low lung function and health in later life: In 2015 Lange P. et al. showed that low peak lung function in early adulthood is associated with the diagnosis of COPD later in life. We assessed in three general population cohorts the prevalence of low peak lung function and its association with other clinical or biological parameters - specifically respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic abnormalities – as well as incidence of comorbid diseases during follow-up. We concluded that low peak lung function in early adulthood is common in the general population and could identify a group of individuals at risk of early (cardiovascular, metabolic and systemic) comorbidities and premature death.
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Baldrick, Francina Rose. "Diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527657.

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John, Michelle. "The extra-pulmonary effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14405/.

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Rationale Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in patients with COPD. Aortic stiffness, measured using aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), an independent, non-invasive, predictor of CV risk; and inflammatory markers are increased in COPD. Screening tools for community based identification of increased CVD risk, and a proactive approach to addressing primary prevention of CVD is needed. Statins modulate aortic stiffness and are anti-inflammatory, but are not currently used for primary prevention in COPD. Objectives Proof of principle double-blind Randomised Control Trial (RCT) to determine if six weeks simvastatin 20mg od reduces aortic stiffness, systemic and airway inflammation in COPD. Cross-sectional pilot study comparing a non-invasive measure of oxidative stress (skin “AGE”) in COPD and controls, to lung function and aortic stiffness. Methods Stable patients (n=70) were randomised to simvastatin or placebo treatment. Pre- and post-treatment aortic stiffness, blood pressure, spirometry, circulating inflammatory mediators and lipids were measured; airway inflammatory markers were performed where possible. Predefined subgroup analysis was performed where baseline aortic PWV >10m/s. For the cross-sectional study stable COPD patients (n=84) and controls (n=36) had lung function, arterial stiffness and skin AGE measured. Results In the RCT the active group achieved significantly lower total cholesterol, but no significant drop in aortic PWV compared to placebo group: -0.7(95%CI -1.8,0.5)m/s, p=0.24; or inflammatory markers. In those with higher baseline aortic PWV, n=22, aortic PWV improved in the active group compared to placebo: -2.8(-5.2,-0.3)m/s, p=0.03. Skin AGE was increased in COPD compared to controls, inversely related to lung function, and directly related to aortic stiffness. Conclusions We could not detect any significant difference in the change in aortic PWV in patients with COPD taking simvastatin compared to placebo. We did, however, report a significant and clinically relevant reduction in aortic PWV in those with high baseline aortic stiffness, suggesting a potential for statins to reduce CV morbidity in high risk individuals. The pilot cross-sectional study suggests there is an indication to assess the potential role of skin AGE in patients with COPD as a non-invasive measure of CV risk.
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Alhaddad, Maath. "Cardiopulmonary manifestations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30008/.

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Rationale Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition with extrapulmonary manifestations- cardiovascular diseases (CVD), impaired physical function, activity and increased frailty. Integrating measures of function into community assessments is hindered by the space and time required. The association of function, activity and CVD has not been extensively investigated in COPD. Objectives Explore the potential utility of Time Up and Go (TUG) as a measure of physical function in COPD Assess association of non-invasive measures of haemodynamics to physical function and self-reported activity Explore ambulatory haemodynamics in COPD and controls Methods Subjects with COPD (n=119) and controls (n=58) were recruited. Ethical and governance approvals were obtained. A medical history including falls, spirometry, peripheral and central haemodynamics, self-reported physical activity questionnaires and functional assessments (TUG and six-minute walk distance (6MWD)) were obtained from all subjects. Ambulatory 24-hour haemodynamics including aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) and blood pressure were measured in patients (n=20) and controls (n=19). Results TUG mean(SD) was increased in patients 11.9(3.7)s compared to controls 9.5(1.8)s, p < 0.001. In patients, fallers had longer TUG than non-fallers (p=0.02) and a cut-off time of 12s had the highest sensitivity and specificity to detect fallers and non-fallers. Aortic stiffness was not associated to physical function or physical activity, p > 0.05. In the pilot study, significant nocturnal dip in aPWV was seen in controls, p < 0.01, but not in patients, p=0.07. Conclusion TUG could be a useful measure of function and possibly be incorporated into COPD assessment, particularly where time and space are limited. Finally, ambulatory haemodynamic machine, the Mobil-O-Graph, is feasible and offers opportunity to assess 24-hour haemodynamics profile including aPWV as opposed to a one-off measurement.
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McAllister, David Anthony. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary function and cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5615.

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Cardiovascular disease is common in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) independently predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pathological changes in the systemic vasculature have been proposed as potential mechanisms linking COPD to cardiovascular disease, and patients with COPD may be at increased risk of acute myocardial infarction during acute exacerbations. Notwithstanding causation, FEV1 may be a useful prognostic marker in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This thesis examined these three aspects of cardiovascular co-morbidity in relation to COPD and FEV1. In 2,241 consecutive cardiac surgery patients, FEV1 was associated with length of hospital stay (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.001) adjusting for age, sex, height, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking, cardiovascular risk factors, chronic pulmonary disease, and type/urgency of surgery. In a survey of Scottish Respiratory Consultants there was no consensus regarding the investigation and management of acute coronary syndrome in exacerbation of COPD. In a case-series of 242 patients with exacerbations 2.5% (95% CI 1.0 to 5.6%) had chest pain, raised serum troponin and serial electrocardiogram changes suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. However, over half reported chest pain, while raised troponin was not associated with chest pain or serial ECG changes. Carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic distensibility, and aortic calcification were measured to assess the relationship of the systemic vasculature to FEV1 and emphysema severity on CT. In adjusted analyses, emphysema was associated with PWV in patients with COPD (p = 0.006) and, in population based samples, with extent of distal aortic calcification (p=0.02) but not with aortic distensibility (p=0.60). This thesis found that FEV1 was associated with mortality and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and that chest pain and raised troponin were common but unrelated in exacerbation of COPD. In the vascular studies distal but not proximal vascular pathology was associated with FEV1, and if COPD is truly related to systemic arterial disease, the distal arterial tree is implicated.
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Ubhi, Baljit Kaur. "A metabolomic study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its phenotypes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608237.

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McPherson, E. A. "Equine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : publications 1974-1985." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28607.

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Jones, Sharon Scardina. "Evaluating a Discharge Bundle for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4861.

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Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of hospital readmissions within 30 days. Frequent readmissions negatively affect hospital reimbursements and patient outcomes. Creative strategies, such as COPD care bundles, have been shown to reduce readmission rates according to existing studies. A COPD discharge bundle was developed and implemented at 1 community hospital in response to an identified problem with COPD readmissions. Evaluation of this quality improvement initiative was the purpose of this project study. The practice-focused question was: Have 30-day readmission rates changed following the implementation of a COPD discharge bundle prior to transitioning from hospital to home? The framework selected for this project was the model for improvement. Sources of evidence included existing hospital data to evaluate the change in readmissions. The chi-square test of independence was used to assess the difference in frequency of 30-day readmissions. Pre and post-bundle implementation comparisons of readmission rates showed a decrease for 3 out of the 4 groups compared; these results were not statistically significant. Analysis of the post-bundle intervention groups revealed lower 30-day readmissions for individuals who were bundle compliant versus noncompliant and for those who spoke with a pharmacist within 48 hours of discharge opposed to those who did not; these results were statistically significant. Continued use of the bundle and maintaining the role of the pharmacist was recommended. Reduction of readmissions within 30-days has positive social implications for hospitals through financial gains and for the COPD population by improving overall health outcomes.
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Haddad, Donna L. "Nutritional status indicators in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67536.

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Malnutrition, as evidenced by low weight for height, low triceps skinfold thickness and low midarm muscle circumference, is prevalent among COPD patients. A stepped decline in nutritional status has been postulated as a mechanism for malnutrition wherein patients progressively suffer weight loss with each COPD exacerbation. A randomized clinical trial of continuous enteral nutrition could not successfully address whether or not the stepped decline in weight can be prevented. Despite this, sixteen patients admitted for a COPD exacerbation, participated in an observational prospective study wherein anthropometric, biochemical, dynamometric, respiratory, general well-being and energy consumption measures were obtained. Twelve patients had body weights below 90% of ideal weight. The mean energy intake was 107% $ pm$ 30 of estimated resting energy expenditure. Measures were repeated to assess changes during hospitalization. Weight change was a poor indicator of nutritional status. Midarm muscle circumference and handgrip strength appear to be useful as nutritional status indicators among unstable hospitalized COPD patients. Changes in handgrip strength and midarm muscle circumference were closely linked (r =.78, p $<$ 0.0005) and tended to decrease over the course of hospitalization despite clinical improvement. In the absence of adequate nutrition, COPD patients have at least as much risk of developing iatrogenic malnutrition as are other hospitalized medical patients.
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Baril, Jacinthe. "Interaction between circulatory and respiratory exercise adaptation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF)." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97901.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) patients show a marked reduction in exercise capacity compared to that of healthy age-matched individuals. While inadequate gas exchange and resulting hypoxemia appears as the primary factor in COPD, an impaired cardiac output is the predominant explanation for the reduced oxygen delivery in CHF. However, the extent of the contributions of other systemic factors remains unclear. In light of the potential interactions between cardiac output (Qc) and pulmonary hyperinflation, there is surprisingly little data thus far on ventilatory constraints in CHF and on the role of blood flow delivery in COPD which may further limit the exercise capacity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the slope of the Qc versus oxygen uptake (VO2) response through several submaximal cycling loads in patients with moderately severe COPD and with that of moderate to severe CHF patients as well as age-matched healthy control subjects (CTRL). Also examined was the possibility that ventilatory constraints such as dynamic hyperinflation contribute to an abnormal stroke volume response in both diseases. Cardiac output was measured using the CO 2-rebreathing equilibrium technique during baseline conditions and cycling at 20, 40 and 65% of peak power in 17 COPD (Age: 64 +/- 8 yrs; FEV 1/FVC: 37 +/- 11%; FEV1: 41 +/- 15 % predicted), 10 CHF (Age: 57+/- 10 yrs; FEV1/FVC: 73.8 +/- 5.6%; FEV 1: 93 +/- 13% predicted) and 10 age-matched CTRL subjects. Inspiratory capacity (IC) was also measured for the determination of dynamic hyperinflation during the steady state exercise bouts. The results indicate that while the absolute Qc values are lower in COPD and in CHF than in CTRL during 65% peak power cycling (11.30 +/- 2.38 vs 12.40 +/- 2.08 vs 15.63 +/- 2.15 L•min-1 respectively, p < 0.01), likely due to their lower exercise metabolic demand. The Qc/VO2 response to increasing levels of exercise intensity was lower or normal in CHF patients compared to CTRL, while normal or hyperdynamic in most COPD patients. Indeed, the majority of patients with COPD exhibited Qc/VO2 slopes greater than 7.0, which may be indicative of a peripheral muscle bioenergetic disturbance that may drive the need for greater oxygen delivery, and thus result in an exaggerated central circulatory response.
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Books on the topic "Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)"

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ABC of COPD. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, BMJ Books, 2011.

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P, Currie Graeme, ed. ABC of COPD. Malden, Mass: BMJ Books, Blackwell Pub., 2007.

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1946-, Barnes Peter J., ed. An atlas of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD. Boca Raton, [Fla.]: Parthenon Pub. Group, 2004.

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Cazzola, Mario. Acute exacerbations in COPD. Oxford: Clinical Pub., 2009.

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Bracuk, Diane. Coping with COPD: Managing and living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Montréal: Grosvenor House Press, 1993.

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Anzueto, Antonio. Contemporary diagnosis and management of COPD. 2nd ed. Newtown, Pa: Handbooks in Health Care Co., 2009.

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F, Donner C., ed. COPD is/is not a systemic disease? Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science, 2009.

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A primary care guide to COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Abingdon: Magister Consulting, 2005.

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Felner, Kevin. COPD for dummies. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2008.

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COPD For Dummies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)"

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Tuder, Rubin M. "Pathology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases." In COPD, 17–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47178-4_3.

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Nagaratnam, Nages, Kujan Nagaratnam, and Gary Cheuk. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Geriatric Diseases, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32700-6_13-1.

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Nagaratnam, Nages, Kujan Nagaratnam, and Gary Cheuk. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Geriatric Diseases, 89–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33434-9_13.

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Konstantinova, Irena, and Andrew C. Pearce. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Metabolism of Human Diseases, 221–26. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0715-7_33.

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Man, William D. C. "Diagnosing COPD." In Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 13–26. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470697603.ch2.

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Morgan, Michael D. L. "The Disablement Process in COPD." In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 31–45. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-673-3_3.

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Sin, Don D. "Mortality in COPD: The Role of Comorbidities." In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 1–13. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-673-3_1.

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Bailey, Kristina L., Jadvinder Goraya, and Stephen L. Rennard. "The Role of Systemic Inflammation in COPD." In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 15–30. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-673-3_2.

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Celli, Bartolome R. "Management Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In COPD, 81–98. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-357-8_5.

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Gloeckl, Rainer. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In Manual of Vibration Exercise and Vibration Therapy, 319–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43985-9_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)"

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Guerra, Diana M., Shirley Jones, and Pamela York. "Enhancing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Care." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5791.

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Roca, J., Diego A. Rodríguez, Francesco Falciani, Peter Aronsson, Esther Barreiro, John Brozek, Jan Brugard, et al. "Systems Medicine In Complex Chronic Diseases: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) As A Use Case." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5132.

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Klester, Elena, Karolina Klester, Antonina Berdyugina, and Irina Belova. "Functional and inflammatory bowel diseases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3899.

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Nakamura, Saya, Keiko Wakahara, Suguru Majima, Tomoko Nisio, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Akira Shiraki, Takashi Abe, et al. "Periostin levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1074.

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Tashmetova, Gulchekhra. "Early phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3662.

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Steurer-Stey, Claudia, Alexandra Strassmann, Kaba Dalla Lana, Johann Gauer, Anja Frei, and Milo Puhan. "Sexuality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (SEXY COPD)." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1824.

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Imai, Yohsuke, Takahito Miki, Masanori Nakamura, Takuji Ishikawa, Shigeo Wada, and Takami Yamaguchi. "Image Based Simulation of Pulmonary Airflow Using Multi-Level Voxel Modeling." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176529.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to a group of diseases that are characterized by airflow obstruction. Currently, COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, but fluid dynamics in airways of COPD patients has not been well understood. Multi-slice Computer Tomography (CT) images provide three-dimensional realistic geometry of patient airways. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis using the patient-specific geometry will greatly help the understanding of the mechanism of COPD. However, few studies have performed such a patient-specific pulmonary airflow simulation. Our aim is to develop a patient-specific CFD method applicable to multi-scale airways, involving trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. We propose a CFD method using multi-level voxel modeling of airway geometry, in which voxel size in a local domain is adaptively refined or coarsened to the local flow scale.
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Guimaraes, V. A., K. S. Correa, and M. F. Rabahi. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Plus (COPD+)® as a Friendly App for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4830.

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Smallwood, Natasha, John Taverner, Claire Bartlett, Lauren Ross, Louis Irving, and Jennifer Philip. "Palliation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3767.

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Lane, Nina, Richard Robins, Jonathan Corne, and Lucy Fairclough. "Smoking And Regulation In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1292.

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Reports on the topic "Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)"

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Liang, R., D. Liu, HB Li, and ZG Zhai. The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine formulas in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0041.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis was intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formulas in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) complicated with pulmonaryhypertension (PH). Condition being studied: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) complicated with pulmonary hypertension(PH) is classified as the third group PH.According to epidemiology, the most common cause of PH associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia is COPD, but the prevalence rate of COPD with PH range from 20% to 91% variously. In China, many TCM formulas are regularly used in COPD patients , thus TCM formulas therapy is worth considering.
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Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Karolina Dżaman, Krystyna Maria Sobczyk, and Katarzyna Irmina Sikrorska. The Overlap Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0077.

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Review question / Objective: To provide the essential findings in the field of overlap syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea, including prevalence, possible predictors, association with clinical outcomes, and severity compared to both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Condition being studied: OSA is characterized by complete cessation (apnea) or significant decrease (hy-popnea) in airflow during sleep and recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse cause it during sleep leading to nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturations and arousals from rest. The recurrent arousals which occur in OSA lead to neurocognitive consequences, daytime sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. Because of apneas and hypopneas, patients are experiencing hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which result in increasing levels of catecholamine, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation that lead to the appearance of cardio-metabolic consequences of OSA. COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease defined by persistent, usually pro-gressive AFL (airflow limitation). Changes in lung mechanics lead to the main clini-cal manifestations of dyspnea, cough, and chronic expectoration. Furthermore, patients with COPD often suffer from anxiety and depression also, the risk of OSA and insomnia is higher than those hospitalized for other reasons. Although COPD is twice as rare as asthma but is the cause of death eight times more often.
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Liu, Lu, Wenchuan Qi, Qian Zeng, Ziyang Zhou, Daohong Chen, Lei Gao, Bin He, Dingjun Cai, and Ling Zhao. Does acupuncture improve lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease animal model?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0104.

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Review question / Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and progressive airflow obstruction documented on spirometry. Acupuncture, as a safe and economical non-pharmacology therapy, has pronounced therapeutic effects in COPD patients. Several systematic reviews draw the conclusion that acupuncture could improve patients’ quality of life, exercise capacity and dyspnoea, however, the results about lung function were inconclusive. Recently, increasing number of animal studies has been published to illustrate the effects of acupuncture in improving lung function in COPD animal model. However, the efficacy of acupuncture for experimentally induced COPD have not been systematically investigated yet. A systematic review of animal experiments can benefit future experimental designs, promote the conduct and report of basic researches and provide some guidance to translate the achievements of basic researches to clinical application in acupuncture for COPD. Therefore, we will conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate effects of acupuncture on COPD animal model.
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Ly, Lena, Jennifer Philip, Peter Hudson, and Natasha Smallwood. Singing for people with advance chronic respiratory diseases: a qualitative meta-synthesis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0017.

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Review question / Objective: This study undertook a meta-synthesis of qualitative data with the aim of collating, synthesizing, and evaluating the current evidence regarding the experiences of singing for people with advanced chronic respiratory disease. Condition being studied: Advanced respiratory illnesses are disorders that impact the airways and other structures of the lung. People with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) frequently experience progressive, frightening breathlessness, cough and fatigue, which affect their quality of life. Furthermore, people with advanced chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and their carers experience a high prevalence of loneliness and uncertainty, especially if breathlessness is felt to herald death and thus, require both psychological and practical supportive care to cope with their symptoms.
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Wang, Yilan, Sijing Zhao, Zherui Shen, Zhenxing Wang, and Fei Wang. Combination of Jinshuibao Capsules and Conventional Pharmaceutical Treatments for Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0117.

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Review question / Objective: Jinshuibao capsules are derived from Cordyceps, and they have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases. They have also been utilized in the treatment of respiratory diseases, while their effects on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have remained elusive. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of Jinshuibao capsules plus conventional pharmaceutical treatments (CPT) versus CPT alone for patients with stable COPD. Information sources: It was attempted to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In addition, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Information Resource Integration Service Platform (CQVIP), and China Biomedicine (SinoMed) databases were searched from inception until September 30, 2021. Google Scholar and the China Clinical Trial Registry were also searched for retrieving missing data. In emergency conditions, we contacted the corresponding authors of retrieved studies for collection of additional data.
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Xing, Lei, Hongmin Guo, and Zhiqian Wang. Efficacy and safety of Suzi Jiangqi Decoction in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0035.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms. The respiratory symptoms of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) worsen rapidly. At present, traditional western medicine treatment can not effectively alleviate the symptoms and attack frequency of patients. Suzi Jiangqi decoction(SZJQ) has a good clinical effect in the treatment of AECOPD. Due to the lack of evidence-based medicine, it can not provide an effective systematic evaluation for the treatment of AECOPD with Suzi Jiangqi decoction. Therefore, it is necessary to provide high-quality evidence evaluation for the clinical efficacy and safety of Suzi Jiangqi Decoction in the treatment of AECOPD. Methods: Two researchers independently retrieved randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-RCTs of SZJQ in the treatment of AECOPD from databases including PubMed, Web of science, the Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Sinomed, VIP and WanFang.The included studies were evaluated for quality according to the RCT quality assessment method provided by Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook 5.3.Review Manager 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane collaboration was used for meta-analysis. Results: This study will provide systematic review on the efficacy and safety of SZJQ as adjuvant therapy in patients with AECOPD by rigorous quality assessment and reasonable data synthesis. Conclusions: This systematic review will provide the good evidence currently on SZJQ as adjuvant therapy in patients with AECOPD.
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Ma, He, Jifu Zhao, and Zhilei Wang. Efficacy and safety of HuaYu TongFu Method combined with acupuncture in the treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease：A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0114.

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Review question / Objective: This study is the protocol for a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HuaYu TongFu Method combined with acupuncture in the treatment of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of such combined therapy in the treatment of AECOPD, It provides a reliable scientific basis for clinicians to use this approach to treat AECOPD. Condition being studied: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death worldwide. AECOPD is the most common cause of hospitalization and death in patients with COPD. As lung function deteriorates and the disease progresses, the risk of alveolar hypoxia and consequent hypoxemia increases. Inflammation plays an important role in the progression of AECOPD. Modern medicine mainly treats AECPD by anti-inflammatory, relief of airway spasm, glucocorticoids, inhalants and other methods. Long-term application can easily lead to bacterial flora imbalance and drug resistance in patients. Comparatively, traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture therapy are safe and effective.To assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of HuaYu TongFu Method combined with acupuncture in AECOPD, we created a protocol for a systematic review to inform future clinical applications.
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Barros-Poblete, Marisol, Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Mauricio Henríquez, Anita Guequen, Isabel Blanco, and Carlos Flores. Dysbiosis as a prognostic factor for clinical worsening in chronic respiratory disease: A systematic review and metanalysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0089.

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Review question / Objective: Is dysbiosis a prognostic factor for clinical worsening in patients with chronic respiratory diseases?. Condition being studied: Dysbiosis, defined as changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota. Eligibility criteria: Over 18 years old adult patients with chronic respiratory diseases clinical diagnosis (cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, non-CF bronchiectasis, pulmonary hypertension) according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) from OMS) and international guidelines of each disease.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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