Journal articles on the topic 'Chronic diseases Nutritional aspects'
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Balestrieri, Paola, Mentore Ribolsi, Michele Pier Luca Guarino, Sara Emerenziani, Annamaria Altomare, and Michele Cicala. "Nutritional Aspects in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020372.
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Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorders of the digestive tract that characteristically develop in adolescence and early adulthood. The reported prevalence of malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients ranges between 20% and 85%. Several factors, including reduced oral food intake, malabsorption, chronic blood and proteins loss, and intestinal bacterial overgrowth, contribute to malnutrition in IBD patients. Poor nutritional status, as well as selective malnutrition or sarcopenia, is associated with poor clinical outcomes, response to therapy and, therefore, quality of life. The nutritional assessment should include a dietetic evaluation with the assessment of daily caloric intake and energy expenditure, radiological assessment, and measurement of functional capacity.
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Keith, Jeanette Newton. "Nutritional Aspects and Clinical Management of Chronic Disorders and Diseases." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.2.344a.
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Caimi, G., C. Carollo, and R. Lo Presti. "Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure." Nutrition Research Reviews 18, no. 1 (June 2005): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr200599.
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AbstractKidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This observation, not completely explained by the so-called ‘traditional’ cardiovascular risk factors, lead the authors to postulate other ‘emerging’ ones found in chronic renal failure patients. Among these new findings, nutritional status, considered as the balance existing between nutrient requirements and intakes, plays an important role for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In fact several nutritional parameters are widely known as pathophysiological determinants of cardiovascular disturbances, which are based on accelerated atherosclerosis, due especially to enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic renal failure is a clinical condition that from many points of view seems to be a chronic inflammatory state, and many studies confirm this observation. This influences nutritional status especially in dialysis patients. Malnutrition is related in turn to accelerated atherosclerosis thus leading to a postulated ‘malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis’ (MIA) syndrome in which malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis contribute to an elevated cardiovascular mortality rate. The present review explores this issue, first by describing epidemiological aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients and then by analysing the specific biochemical and metabolic features of these patients.
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Macit, Melahat S., and Nilüfer Acar-Tek. "Current Perspectives for Diabetes and Allostatic Load: The Role of Nutrition." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 7 (November 12, 2019): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180620164859.
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Allostasis and allostatic load are new concepts explaining the changes in body stemming from chronic stress. These concepts are explained with the assessment of metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neuroendocrine systems. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with the fluctuations in fasting plasma glucose, and also in other various biomarkers and poses a risk forother chronic diseases. The course and duration of the disease, genetic factors, and environmental factors, including nutrition, aggravate these complications. Allostatic load is a multi-system assessment. Individuals’ compliance with the medical nutrition therapy in the short and long-term, changes in anthropometric and biochemical biomarkers that are used to measure the nutritional status. In the monitoring of patients with diabetes, it’s important to assess metabolic, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and immune system biomarkers as well as fasting blood glucose. There exist studies in the literature, investigating the relationship of the allostatic load with socio-economic status, chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, gender, and ethnicity. In these studies, chronic stress, nutritional status, stress, and allostasis are briefly described. In the present literature review, it was aimed to evaluate different aspects of the relationships among diabetes, nutrition, allostatic load, and stress.
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Martínez-López, Erika, Edsaúl Emilio Pérez-Guerrero, Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo, Andres López-Quintero, Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez, and Itzae Adonai Gutiérrez-Hurtado. "Methodological Aspects in Randomized Clinical Trials of Nutritional Interventions." Nutrients 14, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14122365.
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Nutrition is an essential component when promoting human health. Without a doubt, improving the quality of one’s diet can improve one’s quality of life as a whole and help postpone the onset or control of many chronic diseases. The volume of publications in this field has increased in recent years, in line with increased awareness of the importance of nutrition in health; however, the quality of the evidence on which most nutritional guidelines are based remains low, due to errors in conducting nutritional interventions or because the information is primarily derived from observational studies. To enhance the evidence supporting clinical guidelines in nutrition, the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCT) based on nutritional interventions must be improved; nevertheless, due to their heterogeneous nature and a lack of specific guidelines for designing, performing, documenting, and reporting on this type of intervention, conducting a nutritional intervention is a real challenge. Following a review of the literature on the methodological and ethical standards, as well as four extensions of the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines that should be considered when implementing a nutritional intervention, seven essential aspects were identified. The current narrative review includes definitions, examples, diagrams, and algorithms regarding aspects of the appropriate study design, the intervention of the control group, the randomization and blinding processes, the study population selection, as well as a description of the type of intervention and the personnel involved in carrying out the study in order to make the implementation of a nutritional intervention easier.
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Salikova, S. P., V. B. Grinevich, and A. A. Vlasov. "The Modern Aspects of Nutrition during Chronic Heart Failure." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 12 (January 15, 2022): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-196-12-62-73.
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Nutrition occupies one of the important places in the programs of prevention and non-drug therapy of CHF and associated diseases. At the same time, the validity of dietary recommendations to patients regarding salt intake, dietary habits and the use of individual nutraceuticals is questionable. The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date data of clinical and experimental studies concerning sodium restriction, the use of various diets, nutraceuticals, and means for correcting intestinal dysbiosis in CHF. Materials and methods: the articles are searched in the databases eLibraryRU and Medline by key terms and their combinations: “heart failure”, “diet”, “sodium restriction”, “nutraceuticals”, “nutrition”, “cardiac cachexia”, “nutritional support”, “salt”, “dietary supplement”, “probiotic”, “prebiotic”, “enteral nutrition” in Russian and English. We select articles containing the results of clinical and experimental studies published from 1997 to 2021. The research data indicate that the pathogenesis of anorexia, malnutrition and “metabolic remodeling” of the myocardium in CHF is based on complex mechanisms determined by stagnant phenomena in the liver, impaired permeability of the edematous intestinal wall, dysbiosis and chronic systemic infl ammation. The recommendations on the consumption of sodium from 2 to 2.5 g/day and table salt from 5 to 6 g/day in patients with CHF are justified. Limitation of fluid intake is relevant only for decompensation of CHF. The use of the Mediterranean and antihypertensive (DASH) diets is recognized by most authors as a promising direction for the prevention and treatment of CHF. The enrichment of the diet of patients with CHF with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, dietary fibers, polyphenols and saponins is justified. The benefits of enteral nutrition and the complex use of nutraceuticals in order to slow the progression of weight loss, reduce the severity of neurohormonal and pro-inflammatory shifts are shown. Promising trends of research are the creation of personalized diets taking into account the peculiarities of the course of CHF, the nutritional status, the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites.
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Fabozzi, Gemma, Giulia Verdone, Mariachiara Allori, Danilo Cimadomo, Carla Tatone, Liborio Stuppia, Marica Franzago, et al. "Personalized Nutrition in the Management of Female Infertility: New Insights on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091918.
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Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting a mutual association between nutrition and female fertility. Different “fertile” dietary patterns have been studied; however, in humans, conflicting results or weak correlations are often reported, probably because of the individual variations in genome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome and the extent of exposure to different environmental conditions. In this scenario, “precision nutrition”, namely personalized dietary patterns based on deep phenotyping and on metabolomics, microbiome, and nutrigenetics of each case, might be more efficient for infertile patients than applying a generic nutritional approach. In this review, we report on new insights into the nutritional management of infertile patients, discussing the main nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and microbiomic aspects that should be investigated to achieve effective personalized nutritional interventions. Specifically, we will focus on the management of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is associated with several infertility-related diseases.
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Roncevic, Nevenka, Aleksandra Stojadinovic, and Irena Odri. "Chronic diseases in adolescence." Medical review 59, no. 1-2 (2006): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0602033r.
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Introduction. The prevalence of chronic diseases in adolescence is constantly increasing, especially in the last two decades. Adolescence is a period of important changes: body growth and development, sexual development, development of cognitive abilities, change in family relations and between peers, formation of personal identity and personal system of values, making decisions on future occupation etc. Chronic diseases in adolescence. Chronic disorders affect all development issues and represent an additional burden for adolescents. The interaction between chronic disorders and various development issues is complex and two-way: the disease may affect development, and development may affect the disease. Developmental, psychosocial and family factors are of great importance in the treatment of adolescents with chronic disorders. Chronic disorders affect all aspects of adolescent life, including relations with peers, school, nutrition, learning, traveling, entertainment, choice of occupation, plans for the future. Physicians should keep in mind that chronic diseases and their treatment represent only one aspect of person's life. Adolescents with chronic diseases have other needs as well, personal priorities, social roles and they expect these needs to be recognized and respected. Adolescent health care should be adjusted to the life style of adolescents.
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Hussain, M. Iftikhar, Muhammad Farooq, Qamar Abbas Syed, Anum Ishaq, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, and Ashraf A. Hatamleh. "Botany, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Quinoa." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112258.
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Quinoa is a climate-resilient food grain crop that has gained significant importance in the last few years due to its nutritional composition, phytochemical properties and associated health benefits. Quinoa grain is enriched in amino acids, fiber, minerals, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and vitamins. Quinoa possesses different human-health promoting biological substances and nutraceutical molecules. This review synthesizes and summarizes recent findings regarding the nutrition and phytochemical properties of quinoa grains and discusses the associated biological mechanisms. Quinoa grains and grain-based supplements are useful in treating different biological disorders of the human body. Quinoa is being promoted as an exceptionally healthy food and a gluten-free super grain. Quinoa could be used as a biomedicine due to the presence of functional compounds that may help to prevent various chronic diseases. Future research needs to explore the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical aspects of quinoa that might help to control different chronic diseases and to promote human health.
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Moeeni, V., and A. S. Day. "Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease upon Growth in Children and Adolescents." ISRN Pediatrics 2011 (April 5, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/365712.
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The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory processes affecting the gastrointestinal tract. When diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, IBD almost always impacts adversely upon the nutritional state of the patient. Weight loss and impaired linear growth may be present at diagnosis or subsequently. Further potential nutritional consequences in childhood IBD include malnutrition, anaemia, osteopaenia, and delayed puberty. Understanding the nutritional aspects of IBD is paramount in growing children, especially those entering and advancing through puberty. This paper focuses upon the nutritional impacts of IBD in children and adolescents.
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González Gross, Marcela. "Research challenges on the interaction between exercise and nutrition." Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia 87, no. 87(04) (2021): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2021.87.04.03.
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The increase in life expectancy and non-communicable chronic diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dementia, depression, among other) have led to both Sports and Nutrition Sciences gaining importance in research and in Public Health. But the lack of connection and collaboration between these areas has caused most scientific studies to analyze these aspects separately. The current state of scientific knowledge seems to indicate that it is reasonable to address them jointly, although new questions clearly arise in the combination of both. The combined effect between nutrients and physiological stimuli of training loads are not the same in all people, since there is an individualized response motivated by genetic and epigenetic aspects. Therefore, we must be able to identify responders and non-responders to nutritional and exercise interventions. Among the many challenges that arise today, we find the complexity of the energy balance, for many years misunderstood as a mathematical equation; the effect that physical activity or its absence has on habits and nutritional status; sarcopenia and osteoporosis; sarcopenic obesity; microbiota; cognitive impairment; and mortality.
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Esposito, Pasquale, Giacomo Garibotto, Daniela Picciotto, Francesca Costigliolo, Francesca Viazzi, and Novella Evelina Conti. "Nutritional Challenges in Pregnant Women with Renal Diseases: Relevance to Fetal Outcomes." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030873.
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Pregnancy in women affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become more common in recent years, probably as a consequence of increased CKD prevalence and improvements in the care provided to these patients. Management of this condition requires careful attention since many clinical aspects have to be taken into consideration, including the reciprocal influence of the renal disease and pregnancy, the need for adjustment of the medical treatments and the high risk of maternal and obstetric complications. Nutrition assessment and management is a crucial step in this process, since nutritional status may affect both maternal and fetal health, with potential effects also on the future development of adult diseases in the offspring. Nevertheless, few data are available on the nutritional management of pregnant women with CKD and the main clinical indications are based on small case series or are extrapolated from the general recommendations for non-pregnant CKD patients. In this review, we discuss the main issues regarding the nutritional management of pregnant women with renal diseases, including CKD patients on conservative treatment, patients on dialysis and kidney transplant patients, focusing on their relevance on fetal outcomes and considering the peculiarities of this population and the approaches that could be implemented into clinical practice.
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Pereira, Raíssa Antunes, Christiane Ishikawa Ramos, Renata Rodrigues Teixeira, Gisselma Aliny Santos Muniz, Gabriele Claudino, and Lilian Cuppari. "Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease: an integrated approach to nutritional therapy." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, suppl 1 (2020): s59—s67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.s1.59.
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SUMMARY A healthy diet is an essential requirement to promote and preserve health, even in the presence of diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, nutritional therapy for CKD will be addressed considering not only the main nutrients such as protein, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium, which require adjustments as a result of changes that accompany the reduction of renal functions, but also the benefits of adopting dietary patterns associated with better outcomes for both preventing and treating CKD. We will also emphasize that these aspects should also be combined with a process of giving new meaning to a healthy diet so that it can be promoted. Finally, we will present the perspective of an integrated approach to the individual with CKD, exploring the importance of considering biological, psychological, social, cultural, and economic aspects. This approach has the potential to contribute to better adherence to treatment, thus improving the patient's quality of life.
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Pluhator, Michelle M., Alan Br Thomson, and Richard N. Fedorak. "Clinical Aspects of Trace Elements: Zinc in Human Nutrition – Zinc Deficiency and Toxicity." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 10, no. 2 (1996): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/492792.
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Available evidence suggests that trace elements, such as zinc, once thought to have no nutritional relevance, are possibly deficient in large sections of the human population. Conditioned deficiencies have been reported to result from malabsorption syndromes, acrodermatitis enteropathica, alcoholism, gastrointestinal disease, thermal injury, chronic diseases (eg, diabetes, sickle cell anemia), and in total parenteral nutrition therapy. Awareness that patients with these problems are at risk has led health professionals to focus increasingly on the importance of zinc therapy in the prevention and treatment of deficiency. More recently zinc toxicity and its role in human nutrition and well-being have come under investigation. Reports have focused on the role of zinc toxicity in causes of copper deficiency, changes in the immune system and alterations in blood lipids. As the numerous challenges presented by the study of zinc in human nutrition are met, more appropriate recommendations for dietary and therapeutic zinc intake are being made.
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Chakniramol, Sukwasa, Andreas Wierschem, Man-Gi Cho, and Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir. "Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Bioactive Peptides from Marine Animals." Antioxidants 11, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11051021.
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Biological molecules in nutraceuticals and functional foods have proven physiological properties to treat human chronic diseases. These molecules contribute to applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries by preventing food spoilage and cellular injury. Technological advancement in the screening and characterization of bioactive peptides has enabled scientists to understand the associated molecules. Consistent collaboration among nutritionists, pharmacists, food scientists, and bioengineers to find new bioactive compounds with higher therapeutic potential against nutrition-related diseases highlights the potential of the bioactive peptides for food and pharmaceutic industries. Among the popular dietary supplements, marine animals have always been considered imperative due to their rich nutritional values and byproduct use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The bioactive peptides isolated from marine animals are well-known for their higher bioactivities against human diseases. The physiological properties of fish-based hydrolyzed proteins and peptides have been claimed through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. However, systematic study on the physiological and clinical significance of these bioactive peptides is scarce. In this review, we not only discuss the physiological and clinical significance of antioxidant and anticancer peptides derived from marine animals, but we also compare their biological activities through existing in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Vasiloglou, Fletcher, and Poulia. "Challenges and Perspectives in Nutritional Counselling and Nursing: A Narrative Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091489.
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Nutritional counselling has been recognised as the first line approach in the management of numerous chronic diseases. Though usually carried out by dietitians, nutritional counselling may be used by nurses, or other healthcare professionals to improve nutritional status and meet healthcare goals. Healthcare professionals require training and education to facilitate a patient centred approach to effective counselling. Advances in digital technology have the potential to improve access to nutritional counselling for some patients such as those in primary care. However, caution is required to ensure that valuable interpersonal relationships are not lost, as these form the cornerstone of effective nutritional counselling. The aim of this narrative review is to explore aspects of effective nutritional counselling, including advances in e-counselling and areas where nursing input in nutritional counselling might enhance overall nutritional care.
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Seabra, Larissa Mont'Alverne Jucá, and Lucia Fátima Campos Pedrosa. "Astaxanthin: structural and functional aspects." Revista de Nutrição 23, no. 6 (December 2010): 1041–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732010000600010.
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Astaxanthin, a carotenoid belonging to the xanthophyll class, has stirred great interest due to its antioxidant capacity and its possible role in reducing the risk of some diseases. Astaxanthin occurs naturally in microalgae, such as Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma, and has also been considered to be the major carotenoid in salmon and crustaceans. Shrimp processing waste, which is generally discarded, is also an important source of astaxanthin. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthin has been observed to modulate biological functions related to lipid peroxidation, having beneficial effects on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, macular degeneration and cancer. Researches have shown that both astaxanthin obtained from natural sources and its synthetic counterpart produce satisfactory effects, but studies in humans are limited to natural sources. There is no established nutritional recommendation regarding astaxanthin daily intake but most studies reported beneficial results from a daily intake of 4mg. Thus, this review discusses some aspects of the carotenoid astaxanthin, highlighting its chemical structure and antioxidant activity, and some studies that report its use in humans.
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Thow, Anne Marie. "Trade liberalisation and the nutrition transition: mapping the pathways for public health nutritionists." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 11 (May 12, 2009): 2150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009005680.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe pathways through which trade liberalisation affects the food environment, relevant to the nutrition transition, in order to enable public health nutritionists to understand trade policy as a macro-level influence on food consumption.DesignThe pathways mapped in the present paper are based on the agreements of the World Trade Organization, which shape national policy. Implications for nutrition are presented based on a comprehensive literature review, and case studies are used to illustrate the various pathways.SettingDeveloping countries are currently experiencing a nutrition transition, resulting in dietary patterns associated with chronic disease. Chronic diseases are amenable to prevention, and trade policy has been highlighted as a potential avenue for nutrition-related prevention.ResultsTrade liberalisation influences the food environment through facilitating trade in goods and services, enabling investment and decreasing support/protection for domestic industry. These policy outcomes facilitate the nutrition transition particularly through increasing the availability and affordability of processed foods and animal products. The framework highlights the complex relationship between trade policy and the nutrition transition, with both negative and positive outcomes arising from different aspects of trade liberalisation.ConclusionsPolicy change associated with trade liberalisation has created incentives for consumption patterns associated with the nutrition transition, but has also had some positive nutritional outcomes. As a result, it is important for public health nutritionists to consider the implications of trade policy decisions in their efforts to prevent and control diet-related chronic diseases.
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Mertowska, Paulina, Sebastian Mertowski, Julia Wojnicka, Izabela Korona-Głowniak, Ewelina Grywalska, Anna Błażewicz, and Wojciech Załuska. "A Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota in Immunological and Nutritional Aspects." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (October 17, 2021): 3637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103637.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is generally progressive and irreversible, structural or functional renal impairment for 3 or more months affecting multiple metabolic pathways. Recently, the composition, dynamics, and stability of a patient’s microbiota has been noted to play a significant role during disease onset or progression. Increasing urea concentration during CKD can lead to an acceleration of the process of kidney injury leading to alterations in the intestinal microbiota that can increase the production of gut-derived toxins and alter the intestinal epithelial barrier. A detailed analysis of the relationship between the role of intestinal microbiota and the development of inflammation within the symbiotic and dysbiotic intestinal microbiota showed significant changes in kidney dysfunction. Several recent studies have determined that dietary factors can significantly influence the activation of immune cells and their mediators. Moreover, dietary changes can profoundly affect the balance of gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to present the importance and factors influencing the differentiation of the human microbiota in the progression of kidney diseases, such as CKD, IgA nephropathy, idiopatic nephropathy, and diabetic kidney disease, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. Moreover, the effects of nutrients, bioactive compounds on the immune system in development of chronic kidney disease were reviewed.
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Sinha, Dinesh P., and Curtis E. McIntosh. "Changing Nutritional Patterns in the Caribbean and Their Implications for Health." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 14, no. 2 (June 1992): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659201400213.
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In the last 30 years, the health and nutrition of young children in the English-speaking Caribbean has improved significantly. Infant and child mortality rates and severe cases of PEM have declined. However, among adults obesity has increased and high morbidity and mortality rates due to chronic degenerative diseases have been reported. This paper reports on the food and nutrition patterns of the two countries that are at the upper and lower limits of economic development in the region, Barbados and Guyana respectively. In the last three decades, compared to Guyana, Barbados has made significant progress economically and has increased food availability. It has eliminated malnutrition in children; however, nutrition-related chronic diseases in adults have assumed epidemic proportions. Qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of the diet need to be addressed. Public education programmes need to be developed to encourage low-fat/high-complex-carbohydrate diets. In addition to diet. other lifestyle factors such as exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption. and psychosocial stress need to be addressed among the Caribbean populations.
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Simopoulos, A. P. "Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 60, no. 9 (November 2006): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2006.07.080.
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Olguim, Larissa Beatriz Pessoa. "A NUTRIGENOMIC AND NUTRIGENETIC APPROACH IN THE NUTRITIONAL ASPECT IN THE INTERACTION OF CHRONIC DISEASES." Nucleus 15, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.2927.
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Baldi, Simone, Marta Tristán Asensi, Marco Pallecchi, Francesco Sofi, Gianluca Bartolucci, and Amedeo Amedei. "Interplay between Lignans and Gut Microbiota: Nutritional, Functional and Methodological Aspects." Molecules 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010343.
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Lignans are non-flavonoid polyphenols present in a wide range of foods frequently consumed in the Western world, such as seeds, vegetables and fruits, and beverages such as coffee, tea and wine. In particular, the human gut microbiota (GM) can convert dietary lignans into biologically active compounds, especially enterolignans (i.e., enterolactone and enterodiol), which play anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant roles, act as estrogen receptor activators and modulate gene expression and/or enzyme activity. Interestingly, recent evidence documenting those dietary interventions involving foods enriched in lignans have shown beneficial and protective effects on various human pathologies, including colorectal and breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, considering that more factors (e.g., diet, food transit time and intestinal redox state) can modulate the lignans bioactivation by GM, there are usually remarkable inter-individual differences in urine, fecal and blood concentrations of enterolignans; hence, precise and validated analytical methods, especially gas/liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, are needed for their accurate quantification. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the beneficial roles of enterolignans, their interaction with GM and the new methodological approaches developed for their evaluation in different biological samples, since they could be considered future promising nutraceuticals for the prevention of human chronic disorders.
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Piccini, Barbara, Sonia Toni, Lorenzo Lenzi, Federica Barni, Monica Guasti, Fina Belli, and Maurizio de Martino. "Specific use of CSII during enteral nocturnal nutrition in a child with type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and Down syndrome." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 57, no. 5 (July 2013): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302013000500009.
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The management of insulin therapy in diabetic patients who have comorbidities that involve nutritional aspects, is a major challenge for diabetes care teams. In diabetic patients with compromised nutritional status, artificial nutrition, both enteral or parenteral, may help in the treatment of chronic and acute diseases, leading to better and faster recover of the health status but, if not adequately associated with insulin therapy, it may negatively affect blood glucose levels and lead to poorer metabolic control. In particular, evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of diabetic patients during enteral nutrition therapy are not currently available and, therefore, medical practices are often based on case reports, rather than outcomes of research. We report our experience with a diabetic patient receiving nocturnal enteral feeding due to comorbidities and malnutrition, who was followed up at our centre and precociously treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion after the onset of type 1 diabetes. There is great need for adequately powered randomized controlled trials to provide scientific evidence for the insulin treatment of diabetic patients undergoing enteral feeding.
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Palevičiūtė, Gabrielė, Sandrija Čapkauskienė, and Brigita Miežienė. "The Importance of Psychosocial Aspects in the Formation of New Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Adult Women: A Qualitative Study." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 1, no. 120 (April 15, 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v1i120.1051.
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Background. Healthy lifestyle is one of the main health determinants. Chronic diseases can be prevented by adopting health-related behavior and developing it into habits. Scientific literature suggests that psychosocial factors are part of people’s lives as they also affect health and health behaviors and it is important to understand them.
Methods. Primary data collection method was face-to-face interview based on previous research. The main data was collected with self-reported diaries. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Data was gathered on psychosocial factors and habits of adult women. There were eight participants in the study.
Results. The following psychosocial aspects related to health behaviors were encoded in the results: self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, social support, distress and extrinsic motivation. The following emotions were encoded: joy, surprise, sadness, anger and fear. Women had similar psychosocial aspects and emotions towards new physical activity and nutritional habits.
Conclusions. The findings indicated that self-efficacy was a dominant psychosocial aspect in the formation of physical activity habits. Together with intrinsic motivation, which manifested mostly after performing their chosen physical activity behavior, self-efficacy was restored in cases that women felt down about themselves. Social support and extrinsic motivation also suggested positive effect on habit formation. Emotion of joy was observed both before and after physical activity. Sadness and anger appeared when a daily task was not accomplished. Fear was not a widespread emotion among women who developed physical activity habits. Self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation were not important in nutritional habits formation. Social support was as important as extrinsic motivation for women to pursue their chosen habits. Joy was the dominant emotion for women with nutritional habits. One example of surprise was given. Sadness occurred because of unaccomplished tasks. Anger led to not performing nutritional habits.
Keywords: psychosocial aspects, emotions, habits formation, adult women.
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Han, Wen, Sen Ma, Li Li, Xiao-xi Wang, and Xue-ling Zheng. "Application and Development Prospects of Dietary Fibers in Flour Products." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2163218.
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Dietary fibers are often characterized by high nutritional quality, as they are able to cure many chronic diseases and improve texture, sensory characteristics, and shelf life of foods. Here, the following aspects of dietary fibers have been reviewed: nutritional properties, including the ability to regulate blood sugar levels, effects on microorganisms, antioxidant effect, potential role in losing weight, ability to regulate blood lipids, application in flour products such as bread and Chinese noodles, challenges such as dark color, rough texture, and poor solubility, and potential solutions that include modification methods. The primary purpose of this review is to comprehensively evaluate potential applications of dietary fibers in flour products, addressing common problems and reviewing potential solutions to promote further study and applications of dietary fibers.
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Ferrão, Ana Cristina, Raquel P. F. Guiné, Paula Correia, Manuela Ferreira, Ana Paula Cardoso, João Duarte, and João Lima. "Perceptions towards a healthy diet among a sample of university people in Portugal." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-10-2017-0205.
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PurposeA healthy diet has been recognized as one of the most important factors associated with maintaining human health and helping in preventing the development of some chronic diseases. Therefore, this paper aims to study the perceptions of a sample of university people regarding a healthy diet.Design/methodology/approachIt was undertaken a descriptive cross-sectional study on a non-probabilistic sample of 382 participants. The data were collected among a sample of Portuguese university people and measured whether people’s perceptions were compliant with a healthy diet.FindingsThe results revealed that the participants’ perceptions were, in general, compliant with a healthy diet (scores between 0.5 and 1.5, on a scale from −2 to +2). However, significant differences were found between age groups (p= 0.004), with a higher average score for young adults, and also between groups with different levels of education (p= 0.025), with a higher score for university degree. The variable chronic diseases also showed significant differences (p= 0.017), so that people who did not have any chronic diseases obtained a higher score.Originality/valueThis study is considered important because it provides evidences about the relation between nutrition knowledge and the perceptions towards a healthy diet. The study allowed concluding that the participants were aware about some nutritional aspects of their diets and, therefore, their perceptions were compliant with a healthy diet. This finding is very relevant because it could be a support for health policy initiatives directed at promoting healthy eating behaviours.
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Klochkova, Irina S., Ludmila I. Astafyeva, Boris A. Kadashev, Yuliya G. Sidneva, and Pavel L. Kalinin. "Pathogenetic aspects of cachexia." Obesity and metabolism 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet10173.
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The relevance of cachexia syndrome is determined by its high prevalence in clinical practice. It accompanies the course of not only oncological diseases, but also the majority of chronic somatic pathologies, such as chronic heart failure, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimers disease and others. It is known that even a slight weight loss in patients can determine an unfavorable prognosis of the underlying disease and reduce the effectiveness of therapy, and sometimes it becomes the direct cause of death of the patient.
Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome, which is based on a violation of the central regulation of metabolism. The dangerous combination of decreased appetite (anorexia) and increased metabolism is the result of an imbalance in energy exchange. Treatment of cachexia syndrome is ineffective and limited in means. Given the progressive and irreversible nature of this syndrome, early diagnosis and prevention of its development are the primary task of the doctor.
The article describes the main pathogenetic aspects of the development of cachexia syndrome. They can be common in different diseases. The article discusses the difficulties of diagnosing cachexia syndrome, the possibilities and prospects of treatment.
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Keaver, Laura, Ciara O’Meara, Mohsin Mukhtar, and Catherine McHugh. "Providing Nutrition Care to Patients with Chronic Disease: An Irish Teaching Hospital Healthcare Professional Study." Journal of Biomedical Education 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1657624.
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An increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and chronic illness is putting an ever increasing burden on healthcare services and delivery worldwide. Diet contributes significantly to the development of NCDs. Nutrition should therefore be viewed as an important aspect of patient care and be addressed by all healthcare professionals (HCPs). Previous work has highlighted a lack of competency around providing nutrition advice in HCPs; however, positive attitudes towards the importance of nutrition care are well documented in this group. The aim of this study is to document and compare Irish HCPs self-perceived competency towards incorporating nutrition care into practice. The NUTCOMP questionnaire was completed by 206 HCPs in Sligo University Hospital. The findings showed positive attitudes towards the incorporation of nutrition care into HCP practice; however, confidence in knowledge and skills was low, thus missing vital opportunities to prevent and/or treat chronic diseases and improve outcomes in acute illness. Previous nutrition education was associated with greater self-perceived knowledge about and skills in providing nutrition care to patients and positively associated with attitudes towards incorporating nutrition care into practice. HCPs expressed a desire and unmet need for additional and ongoing educational intervention in the area of nutritional intervention.
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Chuprov, A. D., and E. K. Malgina. "Modern Aspects of Etiopathogenetic Treatment of Ophthalmodemodicosis (Literature Review)." Ophthalmology in Russia 15, no. 2S (July 28, 2018): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2018-2s-281-285.
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Demodicosis is one of most spread dermatosis. Blepharitis of Demodectic etiology occupy from 39 to 88% among all inflammatory diseases of the eyelids. The disease is widespread, 89% of patients are parasite carriers, despite the fact that most of them do not feel any manifestations of this pathology. The effect of predisposing factors such as chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, endocrine pathology, undernutrition, unhealthy habits etc. promote the development of Demodicosis. According to some authors, the mite of Demodex genus is a potentially pathogenic saprophyte microorganism, showing its pathogenic activity under certain conditions. According to Russian studies, infection with Demodex is up to 92%, but it is not always Demodicosis, the manifestations of it depend not only on the number of individuals, but also on the state of immunodefence. In recent years, cases of mite detection in humans have increased. Perhaps, this is facilitated by the environmental problem associated with environmental pollution, including air pollution, and the growth of chronic diseases, especially digestive diseases, endocrine diseases — diabetes mellitus. The reason for this, as a rule, is an unhealthy way of life and nutrition. Despite the variety of drugs with specific and symptomatic effect, the treatment of eye Demodicosis is ineffective. This is caused by the duration of therapy, noncompliance of treatment and hygiene standards, the prescription of symptomatic drugs that do not have acaricidal action, the lack of chronic diseases treatment, and the need for comprehensive treatment of eye Demodicosis by an ophthalmologist and facial skin — by a dermatologist. The lack of knowledge of etiopathogenesis and the insufficient effectiveness of Demodex therapy methods contribute to its chronically recurrent course with impairment of the severity of clinical manifestations and are a significant psychotraumatic factor for patients that leads to the development of psychoasthenic state and neuroses and indicates the medico-social significance of the problem of this Dermatosis.
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Cristina, Neri Maria, and d’Alba Lucia. "Nutrition and Healthy Aging: Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 4337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124337.
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Nutritional well-being is a fundamental aspect for the health, autonomy and, therefore, the quality of life of all people, but especially of the elderly. It is estimated that at least half of non-institutionalized elderly people need nutritional intervention to improve their health and that 85% have one or more chronic diseases that could improve with correct nutrition. Although prevalence estimates are highly variable, depending on the population considered and the tool used for its assessment, malnutrition in the elderly has been reported up to 50%. Older patients are particularly at risk of malnutrition, due to multiple etiopathogenetic factors which can lead to a reduction or utilization in the intake of nutrients, a progressive loss of functional autonomy with dependence on food, and psychological problems related to economic or social isolation, e.g., linked to poverty or loneliness. Changes in the aging gut involve the mechanical disintegration of food, gastrointestinal motor function, food transit, intestinal wall function, and chemical digestion of food. These alterations progressively lead to the reduced ability to supply the body with adequate levels of nutrients, with the consequent development of malnutrition. Furthermore, studies have shown that the quality of life is impaired both in gastrointestinal diseases, but especially in malnutrition. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of malnutrition in elderly people is necessary to promote the knowledge of age-related changes in appetite, food intake, homeostasis, and body composition in order to better develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to achieve healthy aging.
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Niewiadomska, Ewa, Beata Łabuz-Roszak, Piotr Pawłowski, and Agata Wypych-Ślusarska. "The Physical and Mental Well-Being of Medical Doctors in the Silesian Voivodeship." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013410.
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Physical and mental well-being are important determinants of medical doctors’ lives, including their professional activity, which has a direct impact on the health and lives of patients. The aim of the study was to assess the health condition of medical doctors from the Silesian Voivodeship. The physical health condition, including the prevalence of chronic diseases, drug therapy, and pro-health activities, was assessed. Data on mental health according to the HADS scale (hospital anxiety and depression scale) referred to the selected socio-economic and professional aspects of life, as well as life and job satisfaction. The doctors most often reported diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of endocrine system, nutritional status and metabolic changes, allergies, and degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. Chronic diseases and anxiety or depressive disorders affected doctors aged 50–80 years more frequently, and those doctors undertook preventive pro-health activities more often. The higher risks of anxiety and depression were related to their social and professional roles, lower economic status, overweight or obesity, chronic diseases, pharmacotherapy, diets, and chronic fatigue. On the other hand, frequent physical activity, a longer sleep duration, smaller weekly workload, type of rest, a higher sense of job satisfaction, and a higher level of life satisfaction reduced the risk of disorders. The health condition of medical doctors in the Silesian Voivodeship requires decisive remedial actions in the professional and non-professional spheres.
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Meiliana, Anna, Nurrani Mustika Dewi, and Andi Wijaya. "Red Meats and Processed Meat as the Carcinogenic Foods and Phytochemical-chemoprevention." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 11, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v11i3.965.
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BACKGROUND: Along with its increased prevalence, in the past decade, cancer had joined the list of chronic debilitating diseases. Nutrition become substantial aspects, due to its time-dependent effect to modulate inflammation thus trigger carcinogenic effects by altering the immune check point. Thus, nutrition contributes to the progression and therapeutic response of cancer, both in human or animal models.CONTENT: Meat is well favored food with appreciable appealing. Due to its high nutritional values it plays a central role in human development. Meat or meat derivate are important sources of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Their nutritional importance is worth compare to their economic impact but recent publication of WHO has set the social alarm about the relationship between red and/or processed meat consumption and cancer. On the other side, some natural or biologic agents may inhibit or reverse tumor growth. Some phytochemical agents including curcumin, resveratrol, lycopene, folates and tea polyphenols clinically proved to tune the signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in transformed cells, enhance the host immune system and sensitize malignant cells to cytotoxic agents.SUMMARY: Recent studies on chemopreventive agents involves a wide range of molecules, natural (plants, fruits and vegetables) or synthetic will provide better insights for cancer early pathogenesis, important end-point biomarker, and finally potential for reducing the burden of cancer.KEYWORDS: blocking agents, suppressing agents, red meat, processed meat, chemoprevention, phytochemicals
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Geltser, B. I., I. G. Kurpatov, and V. N. Kotelnikov. "Respiratory muscle dysfunction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 96, no. 7 (December 15, 2018): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2018-96-7-581-589.
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The review presents literature data on the problem of respiratory muscle (RM) dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the development of RM dysfunction, both local and systemic factors of the pathogenesis of COPD are important. Local factors are associated with lung remodelling and the need to overcome RM excessive breathing resistance, which increases the intensity of their work, contributes to the development of hypertrophy and insufficiency. Chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, excessive proteolysis and other systemic manifestations of COPD change the metabolism and structural and functional organisation of RM. Low nutritional status, increasing protein-energy deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, endocrine disorders against the background of progressive respiratory insufficiency and tissue hypoxia contribute to the development of RM weakness. The combination of COPD, acute disorders of cerebral circulation and chronic heart failure sharply worsens the function of RM and the prognosis of comorbid diseases. Also, the dysfunction of RM in patients with COPD is significantly aggravated at the age of senility. The review discusses the possibilities of pharmacological correction of RM dysfunction and other clinical aspects of this problem.
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Suter, Paolo M. "Alcohol, nutrition and health maintenance: selected aspects." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, no. 1 (February 2004): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003326.
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In view of the developments in health care relating to the increased prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases and the continuing increase in health-care expenditure, more attention should be paid to health maintenance and disease prevention. Any strategy that can influence health maintenance is of interest, especially lifestyle factors such as nutrition, exercise or stress control. Alcohol has an important place in the daily life of many healthy as well as sick individuals. Alcohol has three major characteristics; it is a nutrient (energy source), a psycho-active drug and a toxin. Each consumer has the choice of which of the characteristics of alcohol he/she wants to utilise. Thus, alcohol represents one of the most important self-implemented disease modifiers in our modern society. The major determinants of the health effects of alcohol are the absolute amount consumed, the consumption frequency, associated lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, nutrient intake, substrate composition, physical activity pattern) and last, but not least, the genetic background. There are few known disease conditions that have not already been associated positively or negatively with alcohol consumption. The list of diseases includes atherosclerosis, dementia, diabetes, obesity and conditions relating to Zn metabolism. Obesity represents the most important disease modifier in the world and the prevalence rates are increasing rapidly. Evidence suggests that alcohol represents a risk factor for overweight and obesity as a result of specific effects on energy metabolism and substrate metabolism. The potential role of alcohol as an important modulator for the postprandial lipidaemia and its role in the pathogenesis of modern diseases will be discussed.
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Ghodsi, Delaram, Nasrin Omidvar, Arash Rashidian, Hossein Raghfar, Hassan Eini-Zinab, and Marziyeh Ebrahimi. "Key Informants’ Perceptions on the Implementation of a National Program for Improving Nutritional Status of Children in Iran." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 38, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572116682870.
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Introduction: Childhood malnutrition is a major public health issue. Multidisciplinary approach for Improvement of Nutritional Status of Children in Iran was implemented in order to reduce malnutrition among children. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation aspect of the program and to explore key informants’ perceptions and experience regarding the factors affected its implementation. Methods: Data were collected through the review of secondary data and semistructured interviews at national, province, and local levels. Four layers of key informants were selected purposefully for interviewing, including policymakers, senior nutrition officers, head of Hygiene, Remedy and Insurance Affairs in Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, and community health workers. Qualitative content analysis was carried out based on Supporting the Use of Research Evidence framework and Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases’ checklist to interpret the viewpoints of the study participants. Results: Results showed that the program had successes in improving mother’s knowledge on health, nutrition, and child care through health system and increased families’ access to food, but there were some aspects that affected program’s implementation. Some of these factors are the lack of clarity in the program’s protocol and indicators, human shortage and inadequate financial resources, poor facilities, inattention to staff motivation, insufficient commitment among different sections, poor communication and supervision among different executive sections, and program protocols designing regardless of practical condition. Conclusion: Based on the results, top-down approach in policymaking and inadequate financial and human resources were responsible for most of the challenges encountered in the implementation.
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Farinon, Barbara, Romina Molinari, Lara Costantini, and Nicolò Merendino. "The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071935.
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Hempseeds, the edible fruits of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, were initially considered a by-product of the hemp technical fibre industry. Nowadays, following the restorationing of the cultivation of C. sativa L. plants containing an amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) <0.3% or 0.2% (industrial hemp) there is a growing interest for the hempseeds production due to their high nutritional value and functional features. The goal of this review is to examine the scientific literature concerning the nutritional and functional properties of hempseeds. Furthermore, we revised the scientific literature regarding the potential use of hempseeds and their derivatives as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and chronic-degenerative diseases on animal models and humans too. In the first part of the work, we provide information regarding the genetic, biochemical, and legislative aspects of this plant that are, in our opinion essential to understand the difference between “industrial” and “drug-type” hemp. In the final part of the review, the employment of hempseeds by the food industry as livestock feed supplement and as ingredient to enrich or fortify daily foods has also revised. Overall, this review intends to encourage further and comprehensive investigations about the adoption of hempseeds in the functional foods field.
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Mirella Cristiane de Souza, Maria Gisele dos Santos, and Richard B Kreider. "The importance of Nutrology in pregnancy." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.10.3.0042.
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For many years, concern about nutrition during pregnancy was closely linked to the well-being of the fetus, mother and prevention of perinatal mortality. In 2010, the number of newborn deaths up to 4 weeks of life was four million worldwide, with an unequal distribution among developed and developing countries (GLASSMAN ET AL. 2010). Mortality in the neonatal period, which comprises the period between birth and 28 days of life of the newborn, is one of the best markers of the quality of care for pregnant women in the neonatal period. Congenital malformations, prematurity, low birth weight, cancer and maternal complications related to childbirth appear in the neonatal mortality list. Although these causes are multifactorial in nature, all have in their genesis some potentially modifiable risk factor associated with maternal nutrition. More recently, the concern with nutrition in pregnancy has gained an added chapter, which is the prevention of chronic diseases in the future of children (MATS, 2011). Between 2008 and 2013, epidemiologists met to compile the Lancet Series. The goal was to study the 178 million malnourished children under 5 years of age. Early in the studies, epidemiologists identified that 32 million malnourished children were born with intrauterine growth restriction. The number, besides being significant, brought concern about what the future of these children would look like in terms of growth, neuropsychomotor development, chronic diseases and the impact on human capital. Throughout the studies, it has been proven that the impact of malnutrition during pregnancy has an intimate correlation not only adverse events in the peripartum period, but with chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, obesity and even cancer ( The next stage of epidemiologists was to identify a possible intervention window, where risk factors could be identified and corrected, in order to reverse the chronic damage that malnutrition irreversibly establishes in the physical and cognitive health of the child (MARCINIAK, 2017) This intervention period, known as the golden period, was given the name 1000 days. The 1000 days, also known as the Golden Interval, is the period that runs from the first day of pregnancy to the two years of age. More recently, studies have spoken in 1100 days, extending this intervention window to 100 days before conception. The 1000 days not only include nutritional strategies, but these are certainly the ones with the greatest impact on long-term disease prevention. What the Lancet series advocate is that proper nutrition during pregnancy and during the first two years of life can not only impact the individual, but an entire society. GLASSMAN et al. (2010) published a projection that if nothing is done regarding the reduction of chronic degenerative diseases in Brazil, in 20 to 30 years public health spending will double. The Lancet series on malnutrition during pregnancy and childhood can prove that the improvement in the health of pregnant women and newborns brings social and economic benefits, which could change the course of society's rampant evolution to chronic degenerative disease. Therefore, it is a great opportunity for the individual and society and a great responsibility for health teams to establish adequate nutrition in the thousand days. Given the great importance that nutrition in pregnancy has in determining a healthy childhood and adult life, it is to be expected that this is a subject of fundamental importance in prenatal care. However, a study conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro found failures in nutritional follow-up throughout prenatal care, reflecting the little importance given to nutrition during pregnancy. In this study, 90.7% of the pregnant women's portfolios had no record on the BMI graph per week of gestation. Pre-gestational weight and height measured were recorded in 65.9% and 57.7% of prenatal cards , respectively (NIQUINI, 2012). These are incompatible data with the objective of reversing causes of prenatal mortality as well as reversing chronic degenerative disease. It is of great importance to reverse the current situation in Brazil, which has an expressive number of maternal malnutrition, anemia, vitamin A and micronutrient deficiency, hypertensive syndromes and gestational diabetes. The first step to reverse the morbidity and mortality of mother and baby, as well as to decrease the illness of the population is to give adequate preconception care. This chapter aims to address these prenatal nutritional care, as well as each nutritional aspect associated with the prevention of chronic degenerative disease.
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Aparicio-Soto, Marina, Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo, and Catalina Alarcón-de-la-Lastra. "An update on diet and nutritional factors in systemic lupus erythematosus management." Nutrition Research Reviews 30, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422417000026.
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AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterised by multiple organ involvement and a large number of complications. SLE management remains complicated owing to the biological heterogeneity between patients and the lack of safe and specific targeted therapies. There is evidence that dietary factors can contribute to the geoepidemiology of autoimmune diseases such as SLE. Thus, diet therapy could be a promising approach in SLE owing to both its potential prophylactic effects, without the side effects of classical pharmacology, and its contribution to reducing co-morbidities and improving quality of life in patients with SLE. However, the question arises as to whether nutrients could ameliorate or exacerbate SLE and how they could modulate inflammation and immune function at a molecular level. The present review summarises preclinical and clinical experiences to provide the reader with an update of the positive and negative aspects of macro- and micronutrients and other nutritional factors, including dietary phenols, on SLE, focusing on the mechanisms of action involved.
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Oyeyinka, Barnabas Oluwatomide, and Anthony Jide Afolayan. "Potentials of Musa Species Fruits against Oxidative Stress-Induced and Diet-Linked Chronic Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Implications of Micronutritional Factors and Dietary Secondary Metabolite Compounds." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 5036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215036.
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Nutritional quality and the well-being of the body system are directly linked aspects of human survival. From the unborn foetus to adulthood, the need for sustainable access to micronutrient-rich foods is pertinent and the global consumption of banana and plantain fruits, in effect, contributes to the alleviation of the scourge of malnutrition. This review is particularly aimed at evaluating the pharmacological dimensions through the biological mechanisms of Musa fruits in the body, which represent correlations with their constituent micronutrient factors and dietary polyphenolic constituents such as minerals, vitamin members, anthocyanins, lutein, α-,β- carotenes, neoxanthins and cryptoxanthins, epi- and gallo catechins, catecholamines, 3-carboxycoumarin, β-sitosterol, monoterpenoids, with series of analytical approaches for the various identified compounds being highlighted therein. Derivative value-products from the compartments (flesh and peel) of Musa fruits are equally highlighted, bringing forth the biomedicinal and nutritional relevance, including the potentials of Musa species in dietary diversification approaches.
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Valencia, Erick, Angela Marin, and Gil Hardy. "Can antioxidant nutraceuticals benefit the menopause?" British Menopause Society Journal 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/136218002100321785.
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The antioxidants glutathione, selenium and vitamins C and E meet the criteria for nutraceuticals and their in vivo concentrations can undoubtedly influence and improve many disease processes. In an attempt to quantify and correlate their individual roles as nutritional supplements with their therapeutic potential to improve symptoms and lifestyle during the menopause, we conducted a literature search covering the 15 years up to 2001. Few publications were found dealing specifically with menopausal women. Approximately 90% reported research with vitamins and/or selenium and only one paper investigated a possible correlation between glutathione and breast cancer. This relatively low level of research interest in nutritional or antioxidant aspects of the menopause may just reflect a preoccupation with the more general chronic diseases of an ageing population, without necessarily acknowledging the important physiological changes that occur in women. The little encouraging data in the literature should stimulate more research into the prognostic value, mechanisms and efficacy of nutraceutical supplementation that specifically relate to menopausal women.
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Anderson, Rozalyn. "New Aspects in Metabolism of Aging." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1757.
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Abstract In recent years there has been a renewed emphasis on metabolism as a key contributor to a host of chronic non-communicable conditions: cancer, neurodegeneration, frailty, and functional declines in immune and inflammatory processes. All share a common connection in metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, aging itself is associated with changes in metabolism, although the underlying drivers for these changes are unknown. Here we introduce speakers working at the cutting edge in metabolism research, and whose studies are of direct relevance to aging. Dr. Chandel will focus on mitochondrial biology, describing recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of metformin. Dr. Haigis takes the mitochondrial theme to cancer biology, the area of research that revived metabolic perspectives in biomedical research. Dr. Najt’s talk describes a less well studied organelle, the lipid droplet, and its role in a rapidly expanding area of research on lipid metabolic regulation specifically in the context of aging. Dr. Brown-Borg will present data on nutritional and genetic modulation of metabolism and how pathways converge to influence chromatin and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Together our speakers explore new concepts in metabolism research that are of particular relevance to aging. This session aligns with the concept of GeroScience, the more we know of aging biology the better we understand diseases and disorders of aging. This session will demonstrate that metabolism, its regulation, and its influence on key processes linked to health and longevity, place it in a central position as we seek to discover targets and interventions to improve human aging.
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Nobre, Érica Bezerra, Alexandra Valéria Maria Brentani, and Alexandre Archanjo Ferraro. "Association between maternal lifestyle and preschool nutrition." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 62, no. 6 (September 2016): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.62.06.494.
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Summary Introduction: Many of the health behaviors involved in the emergence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) are originated in childhood under parental influence. Mothers are the ones most involved in the education and health care of children. Lifestyle (LS) is a social determinant of health. Very few studies tried to understand the influence of maternal LS on child nutrition. Objective: To verify the association between maternal behavioral and non-behavioral LS and nutritional aspects in preschool children. Method: From January 2010 to December 2010, we performed a cross-sectional study with 255 mothers of preschool children who were residents of five different sub-districts in southwestern São Paulo. A proportional stratified random sample was selected using two layers (“schools” and “children”). From the mother, sociodemographic and LS information were collected. From the child, data on anthropometry, sedentary behavior and food intake were collected. The association was calculated using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Children who ate minimally processed food were born from mothers with more socially aware non-behavioral LS, while children that ate more processed food were born from mothers with more consumerist non-behavioral LS. No association was found between nutritional characteristics of preschoolers and types of maternal behavioral LS. Children presenting “sedentary behavior” and the habit of eating “ultra-processed foods” had 113% and 84% higher chances, respectively, of being born to mothers that belonged to the “consumerist” cluster. Conclusion: Mothers living a consumerist lifestyle can promote negative influences on child nutrition.
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Bubnova, M. G., E. V. Shlyakhto, D. M. Aronov, A. S. Belevsky, M. Yu Gerasimenko, M. G. Glezer, M. N. Gordeev, et al. "Coronavirus disease 2019: features of comprehensive cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation." Russian Journal of Cardiology 26, no. 5 (June 11, 2021): 4487. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4487.
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The expert consensus of the Russian communities discusses the issues of comprehensive medical rehabilitation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a contagious infectious disease that can cause pulmonary, cardiac, motor, metabolic, neurocognitive and mental disorders, that is, multiple organ dysfunction. COVID-19 survivors, especially after a severe clinical course, face serious psychological and physical problems, posttraumatic stress, cognitive dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies and exacerbation of concomitant chronic diseases. Some patients, regardless of the COVID-19 severity, have a long clinical course of the disease (“chronic-COVID”, “long COVID”). There is evidence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. In this regard, patients after COVID-19 will need rehabilitation measures. The expert consensus of the Russian communities presents general principles, stages and aspects of medical rehabilitation after COVID-19, indications and contraindications for rehabilitation interventions. The paper includes recommendations on comprehensive cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation, as well as specifics of rehabilitation care for different COVID-19 courses within the national three-stage rehabilitation system.
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Guglielmi, Valeria, Luca Colangeli, Monica D’Adamo, and Paolo Sbraccia. "Susceptibility and Severity of Viral Infections in Obesity: Lessons from Influenza to COVID-19. Does Leptin Play a Role?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063183.
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The recent pandemic Sars-CoV2 infection and studies on previous influenza epidemic have drawn attention to the association between the obesity and infectious diseases susceptibility and worse outcome. Metabolic complications, nutritional aspects, physical inactivity, and a chronic unbalance in the hormonal and adipocytokine microenvironment are major determinants in the severity of viral infections in obesity. By these pleiotropic mechanisms obesity impairs immune surveillance and the higher leptin concentrations produced by adipose tissue and that characterize obesity substantially contribute to such immune response dysregulation. Indeed, leptin not only controls energy balance and body weight, but also plays a regulatory role in the interplay between energy metabolism and immune system. Since leptin receptor is expressed throughout the immune system, leptin may exert effects on cells of both innate and adaptive immune system. Chronic inflammatory states due to metabolic (i.e., obesity) as well as infectious diseases increase leptin concentrations and consequently lead to leptin resistance further fueling inflammation. Multiple factors, including inflammation and ER stress, contribute to leptin resistance. Thus, if leptin is recognized as one of the adipokines responsible for the low grade inflammation found in obesity, on the other hand, impairments of leptin signaling due to leptin resistance appear to blunt the immunologic effects of leptin and possibly contribute to impaired vaccine-induced immune responses. However, many aspects concerning leptin interactions with inflammation and immune system as well as the therapeutical approaches to overcome leptin resistance and reduced vaccine effectiveness in obesity remain a challenge for future research.
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Tsigalou, Christina, Theocharis Konstantinidis, Afroditi Paraschaki, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Chrissoula Voidarou, and Eugenia Bezirtzoglou. "Mediterranean Diet as a Tool to Combat Inflammation and Chronic Diseases. An Overview." Biomedicines 8, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8070201.
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Since ancient times, the quality of nourishment is a milestone for the maintenance of health and as it is stated ‘prevention is better than cure’, amongst the so-called ‘healthy’ diets Mediterranean diet (MD) claims the lion’s share. It stands in good stead because of a variety of valuable macro- and micronutrients. So, adherence to a MD is associated with the reduction of inflammation and non-communicable (NCD) OR chronic diseases. Numerous studies try to scrutinize the role of MD components as regards reducing inflammation, lowering rate, and mortality for disorders and illnesses, and preventing NCD. MD regime of the inhabitants of the Mediterranean basin includes a variety of ethnic nutritional habits and regulates an array of effects and epigenetic changes that affect human wellbeing. The research is still ongoing and endeavors to elucidate every aspect of this issue. This review focuses on the impact of MD on inflammation highlights positive results regarding NCD and indicates the need for more high-quality experiments and trials in order to overcome any discrepancies.
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Sofi, Francesco, Monica Dinu, Giuditta Pagliai, Leonardo Cei, Giovanna Sacchi, Stefano Benedettelli, Gianluca Stefani, et al. "Health and Nutrition Studies Related to Cereal Biodiversity: A Participatory Multi-Actor Literature Review Approach." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091207.
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Recently, a large and growing body of literature has investigated the health potential of different wheat species. In particular, a considerable number of studies dealing with nutritional aspects has grown up around the theme of the recovery of ancient wheat varieties (species that have remained unchanged over the last hundred years). According to several studies, indeed, ancient varieties present a healthier nutritional profile than modern ones. In the framework of the European project “CERERE, CEreal REnaissance in Rural Europe: embedding diversity in organic and low-input food systems”, this paper aimed to review recent research on the issue of health and nutritional cereal systems by adopting an innovative and participatory multi-actor approach which involved practitioners along with researchers. The participatory approach is the main innovation and peculiarity of this literature review. Nevertheless, the review highlights the many positive effects derived from eating whole and ancient grains such as a significant reduction in the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and also a more favorable long-term weight management and increase in satiety. This review may be considered as a fruitful starting point that integrates research results to foster current and future healthier and sustainable practices in cereal systems.
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Salih, Khalid M., Jamela Jouda, Shatha Salah Asad, Yusur Falah Faraj, Iyden Kamil Mohammed, and Ali Sameer Abudlghani Altaee. "Histological impact of nutritional style alteration in mice." Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v5i2.571.
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Objectives: It is well established that diet and lifestyle are important in maintenance of healthy. Transition from a plant-based diet mostly to a high-calorie diet of animal products might raise the chronic diseases which called “degenerativeâ€. This work aimed to study the histopathological effect of transition from complete plant-based diet to 10% animal products (sheep’s brain) on various body organs of mice.
Methods: Eight-week old Balb/c male mice were divided into 2 groups (n=8); the first is restricted group in which mice were fed on restricted diet containing 10% of sheep’s brain homogenate, while the second is the control group in which fed on ad libitum on the diet for 7 days. During the duration of experiment, body weight and the amount of food intake were recorded daily, then at the end of experiment, all mice were sacrificed and various organs were obtained and processed for histopathological study.
Results: the results showed that food intake by each mouse of restricted group are significantly lower than in control group. Although the mean of body weight in both groups revealed non-significant difference, the relative weight of various organs showed significant differences. On the other hand, sever histological changes were detected in all studied organs sections of restricted group.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that changing in nutritional style rather than conventional diet play a crucial role in modifying the architectural aspects of different organs at tissue level. Therefore, these findings need further investigation at cellular, physiological, and molecular levels.
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Moura, Egberto Gaspar de, and Magna Cottini Fonseca Passos. "Importance of the nutritional status for the interpretation of nuclear medicine examinations." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, spe (September 2002): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000500021.
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Malnutrition is very prevalent in the Third World, but still in developing Countries and is found in certain communities in developed Countries. Several laboratories examinations are affected by malnutrition. Recently, gestational or neonatal malnutrition were considered to contribute to the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, this phenomena was named programming or metabolic imprinting. Similar consideration were suggested for Nuclear Medicine examinations. Here we review the literature about this aspect and present our own data showing changes in biodistribution of a radiopharmaceutical compound in different animal models of adult malnutrition or caused by maternal malnutrition programming.
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McEniry, Mary, Rafael Samper-Ternent, Carmen Elisa Flórez, Renata Pardo, and Carlos Cano-Gutierrez. "Patterns of SES Health Disparities Among Older Adults in Three Upper Middle- and Two High-Income Countries." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, no. 6 (April 19, 2018): e25-e37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby050.
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Abstract Objectives To examine the socioeconomic status (SES) health gradient for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension within a diverse group of health outcomes and behaviors among older adults (60+) in upper middle-income countries benchmarked with high-income countries. Method We used data from three upper middle-income settings (Colombia-SABE-Bogotá, Mexico-SAGE, and South Africa-SAGE) and two high-income countries (England-ELSA and US-HRS) to estimate logistic regression models using age, gender, and education to predict health and health behaviors. Results The sharpest gradients appear in middle-income settings but follow expected patterns found in high-income countries for poor self-reported health, functionality, cognitive impairment, and depression. However, weaker gradients appear for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic conditions in Colombia and Mexico and the gradient reverses in South Africa. Strong disparities exist in risky health behaviors and in early nutritional status in the middle-income settings. Discussion Rapid demographic and nutritional transitions, urbanization, poor early life conditions, social mobility, negative health behavior, and unique country circumstances provide a useful framework for understanding the SES health gradient in middle-income settings. In contrast with high-income countries, the increasing prevalence of obesity, an important risk factor for chronic conditions and other aspects of health, may ultimately change the SES gradient for diseases in the future.