Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chronic diseases Nutritional aspects'
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1
Haddad, Donna L. "Nutritional status indicators in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67536.
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Malnutrition, as evidenced by low weight for height, low triceps skinfold thickness and low midarm muscle circumference, is prevalent among COPD patients. A stepped decline in nutritional status has been postulated as a mechanism for malnutrition wherein patients progressively suffer weight loss with each COPD exacerbation. A randomized clinical trial of continuous enteral nutrition could not successfully address whether or not the stepped decline in weight can be prevented. Despite this, sixteen patients admitted for a COPD exacerbation, participated in an observational prospective study wherein anthropometric, biochemical, dynamometric, respiratory, general well-being and energy consumption measures were obtained. Twelve patients had body weights below 90% of ideal weight. The mean energy intake was 107% $ pm$ 30 of estimated resting energy expenditure. Measures were repeated to assess changes during hospitalization. Weight change was a poor indicator of nutritional status. Midarm muscle circumference and handgrip strength appear to be useful as nutritional status indicators among unstable hospitalized COPD patients. Changes in handgrip strength and midarm muscle circumference were closely linked (r =.78, p $<$ 0.0005) and tended to decrease over the course of hospitalization despite clinical improvement. In the absence of adequate nutrition, COPD patients have at least as much risk of developing iatrogenic malnutrition as are other hospitalized medical patients.
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Saudny-Unterberger, Helga. "Impact of nutritional support on changes in functional status during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23294.
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Despite the acknowledged importance of nutritional support for COPD patients, it is difficult to accomplish in acutely stressed individuals. A randomized trial of nutritional supplementation during an acute exacerbation was carried out in 16 hospitalized patients for a 2 week period. Six control patients consumed a standard diet supplying 1,951 $ pm$ 130 (mean $ pm$ SEM) kcal and 80 $ pm$ 6 g protein/d, while ten treatment patients, in addition to the usual diet received oral supplements (Ensure) or snacks, resulting in an intake of 2,516 $ pm$ 129 kcal (p = 0.012) and 99 $ pm$ 6 g protein/d (p = 0.059). Although the treatment subjects improved their intake over the control group, no significant improvement in nutritional status occurred in either group.Forced vital capacity (FVC % predicted) improved significantly over the study period in treated vs control subjects (+11.10 $ pm$ 4.63 vs $-$4.50 $ pm$ 2.14; p = 0.026). Nitrogen balances were calculated for 9 subjects, and all were in negative balance ($-$8.42 $ pm$ 1.74 g nitrogen/d) with no difference between groups.
Because of the high doses of methylprednisolone administered (69.6 $ pm$ 8.3 mg/d), and their known catabolic effects, we examined whether the dose affected nitrogen balance and muscle strength. Both nitrogen balance (r = $-$0.73; p = 0.025) and grip strength (r = $-$0.76; p $<$ 0.001) worsened with higher doses of steroids. The catabolic process may have resulted from elevated energy requirements, inadequate intake of protein and energy or been induced by high doses of steroids.
Hospitalized COPD patients are highly stressed and catabolic, and the means to preventing protein wasting during an acute exacerbation of their disease remains to be established. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
3
Bhunthurat, Anurak. "The Vitamin B-6 Status of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500541/.
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The problem of this study is to determine the vitamin B-6 status of patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Erythrocyte aspartate transaminase assay was the method for measuring vitamin B-6 status. The vitamin B-6 status was examined in thirty subjects (ten COPD subjects and twenty control subjects). An unpaired t-test was used to compare the vitamin B-6 status of the COPD group versus the control group. Four determinants (percentage stimulation, ratio of basal to stimulated activity, basal activity, and stimulated activity) were used to determine vitamin B-6 status in both groups of subjects. Percentage stimulation and ratio of basal to stimulated activity were not significantly different (control group versus COPD group) at the .05 level. However, two of ten COPD subjects had values for percentage stimulation that were two standard deviations above the mean, indicating a poor B-6 status. In contrast, basal activity and stimulated activity of erythrocyte aspartate transaminase were found to be significantly lower at the .05 level in the COPD group than the control group. Therefore, the COPD subjects as a group had some biochemical characteristics of a lower level of vitamin B-6 than the controls.
4
Sridhar, Mangalam K. "An investigation into aspects of energy balance and nutritional status of patients with chronic lung disease." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295327.
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Estaquio, Carla. "Scores nutritionnels : méthodes, aspects socio-économiques et association avec l’état nutritionnel et la morbidité dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0782/document.
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Les actions mises en œuvre dans le cadre du Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) suscitent des attentes et des interrogations en termes d’efficacité. Il est donc utile d’apporter des informations concernant l’adhésion de la population aux recommandations et sur l’effet possible de cette adhésion sur l’état de santé. L’adhésion a été mesurée grâce à la construction de deux scores construits a priori sur la base des objectifs de santé publique (FSIPO) ou repères du PNNS (PNNS-GS). Globalement, une meilleure adéquation aux 9 recommandations ou objectifs de santé publique était associée à un statut nutritionnel favorable. Les sujets présentant un score élevé (PNNS-GS ou FSIPO) déclaraient également des habitudes de vie plus saines (tabac, alcool, activité physique) que ceux ayant des scores bas. Une réduction de 36% du risque de maladies chroniques (décès, cancers et maladies cardiovasculaires) a été observée, après huit ans de suivi, chez les hommes ayant un FSIPO élevé. Malgré certaines limites, la validation de scores nutritionnels a priori s’avère indispensable pour convaincre tant les autorités de santé publique que les professionnels de santé et le grand public que tendre vers les recommandations peut être bénéfique tant au niveau individuel que collectifThe actions implemented in the French National Program on Nutrition and Health (PNNS) raise expectations and questions in terms of efficiency. It is therefore useful to provide information about the general public adherence and demonstrate the potential for improving the health status of the population when PNNS nutritional guidelines are followed. Adherence was measured through the construction of two a priori nutritional scores based on the public health goals (FSIPO) or PNNS recommendations (PNNS-GS). A better compliance with recommendations or public health goals was associated with better nutritional status. Subjects with a high score (PNNS-GS or FSIPO) reported healthier lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity) than those with lower scores. A 36% reduction in the risk of chronic disease (death, cancer and cardiovascular disease) was observed after eight years of follow up, among men with high FSIPO. Despite some limitations, validation of a priori nutritional scores is essential to convince both the public health authorities and the general public that the adherence to the PNNS is useful at an individual and collective level
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Maeda, Emiko. "The Effects of Green Smoothie Consumption on Blood Pressure and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/974.
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Chronic diseases are among the leading causes of death globally, and as much as 80% of these deaths are reported to be preventable with proper diet and lifestyle. Although extensive research has demonstrated that the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables offers protective health effects from many chronic illnesses, populations in both developed and developing nations consistently fall short of the recommended intake of 5 or more servings a day. This study investigated the effects of daily consumption of Green Smoothies for 4 consecutive weeks on blood pressure and health-related quality of life. Green Smoothies are a blended drink consisting of fruit, leafy greens and water. The study was a randomized controlled trial with a final sample of 29 volunteer participants. Data were collected at baseline and post-intervention and included anthropometric and physiologic measures, as well as a nutrition survey. The treatment group demonstrated trends toward improvements in waist circumference (p = 0.026), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.05), and symptoms of burden linked to diet (p = 0.04), small intestine (p = 0.04), large intestine (p = 0.05), and mineral needs (p = 0.04). Despite the lack of statistically significant reductions in blood pressure, the trend toward improvements in waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio are considered to be useful and informative of health risk. Thus, the results of this study provide preliminary support for the consumption of Green Smoothies as a possible primary prevention effort for chronic conditions. It may also help to reduce health risks or even reverse the effects of chronic conditions.
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Hinze, Candace. "The role of malnutrition in prolonged respiratory failure : the effect of accelerated nutritional rehabilitation." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22740.
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To investigate the possibility that malnutrition is an important factor that prolongs respiratory failure (PRF), I studied the effects of pharmacologic injections of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), an important anabolic stimulus, on nutritional and respiratory parameters in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than three days. Patients were excluded from consideration if dominating factors known to prolong ventilatory failure had not been stabilized. Over ten months, 106 patients in PRF were evaluated, but only six met the selection criteria. Three patients were randomized to receive standard nutritional support, and three into a group that received the equivalent nutrition plus 5 mg/day of rhGH for 14 days or until withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. Baseline characteristics of the selected patients were divergent as demonstrated by body mass indexes ranging from 14 to 42 (kg/m$ sp2),$ baseline maximal inspiratory pressures (PI$ sb{ max}$ from $-$15 to $-$70 cm H$ sb2$O, and Day 1 N balances from $-$13.5 to 1.2 g N/day. Despite increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, the mean daily N balances of the rhGH-treated group were no better than the controls (1.3 $ pm$ 5.0 vs. 0.4 $ pm$ 2.6 g N/day; Mean $ pm$ SD), nor were there differences in PI$ sb{ max},$ level of ventilatory assistance required, and days to weaning. The persistence of respiratory failure in the overwhelming majority of patients in PRF appears to be due to factors already known to prevent weaning from mechanical ventilation. Even the carefully selected patients enrolled in the present study were insufficiently homogeneous or stable enough to allow proper testing of the experimental hypothesis.
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Chehade, Joyce P. "Nutritional status and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55487.
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The present study was performed to determine whether ongoing oxidative stress in some BPD infants contributes to their increased energy expenditure leading to growth failure. The study consisted of two parts. The first is a descriptive census of BPD infants (n = 38) followed at the outpatient clinics at The Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH). The second is a cross-sectional study of fifteen patients wherein anthropometric parameters, energy intake, and oxidative stress measures (red cell glutathione (GSH) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed. Nine infants with growth failure were compared to six thriving infants with respect to their nutritional and oxidative stress status. Growth failure was defined as weight for age and weight for height for age less than the tenth percentile (z score $ leq - 1).$ Results revealed that the prevalence of growth failure in the BPD infants followed at MCH ranged between 45% and 55%. The mean ($ pm$ SD) energy intakes for thriving and failing to thrive infants expressed as a percent of the recommended nutrient intake were 104 $ pm$ 46% and 133 $ pm$ 35% respectively. Six infants had reduced mean ($ pm$ SD) blood glutathione per hemoglobin (3.63 $ pm$ 0.37 umol/g) compared to adult controls (6.57 $ pm$ 1.04 umol/g). Four of the six infants had growth failure while two were thriving. Fourteen Infants including all failing to thrive infants had elevated mean ($ pm$ SD) plasma MDA levels compared to adult controls (129 $ pm$ 48 vs 55 $ pm$ 3 nmol/l). Differences in oxidative stress markers were not observed between the two groups. These results suggest that growth failure is associated with an increase in caloric consumption and not with a decrease in caloric intake. The preliminary findings on oxidative stress markers suggest a depletion of the GSH antioxidant in some infants and marked lipid peroxidation in the BPD population.
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Power, Harold Michael. "A study of iron nutrition and immunity in infancy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25837.
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Motivation and study design: Iron deficiency is a common condition in infancy, particularly in lower socio-economic groups. In Cape Town it remains a problem in spite of public health measures taken against it: a recent survey found a prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia of 34% in healthy 1-year old term infants who had ready access to a municipal health clinic where iron fortified milk formula is sold at subsidized prices. The consequences of iron deficiency extend beyond anaemia- to involve all organ systems including the immune system. Since Helen Mackay's report in 1928 of a striking decrease in incidents of infection in infants treated with iron, clinicians have assumed that iron deficiency predisposes to infection. Despite a sound theoretical basis for this belief, the clinical evidence for the assumption is poor as studies to date have displayed methodological deficiencies. On the other hand, iron is also essential for the growth of micro-organisms. As such, supplemental iron may predispose to infection. Indeed, there is much laboratory and clinical evidence to show that excess iron can result in the recrudescence of quiescent infections and increase the virulence of newly acquired infections. Thus, the competition between host and parasite may sometimes hinge on the relative availability of iron and it has been speculated that excess iron in infant milk formula may increase susceptibility to infectious diarrhoeal disease. The problem addressed by this thesis was to determine the utility of increasing the level of iron fortification of infant milk formula. Three questions were posed: Does increasing the level of iron fortification of conventional infant milk formula improve the iron nutrition of normal infants fed on the formula? Does increased iron fortification of infant milk formula alter immunity as reflected by incidence of infection and laboratory tests of immune function? Are there any handful effects of increasing the quantity of iron in conventional infant milk formula? A double blind randomized trial was carried out in 1983 and 1984 to answer these questions. A group of 149 healthy, well-nourished infants from a lower socio-economic community of so called Cape Coloureds were followed from the age of 3 months to 1 year. Half of the infants, the Control group, were given a commercially available infant milk formula (Lactogen Full Protein) which has 8.3 mg Fe/ 100 g formula and 37 mg ascorbic acid/ 100 g. The other half of subjects, the Test group, were given the same milk formula but fortified with iron to a concentration of 40 mg Fe/ 100 g. The children were examined every 3 or 4 weeks and any infection or history of infection was noted. Laboratory tests were done at the start of the trial and again on completion. During the trial, laboratory tests were performed only if clinically indicated. The tests included full blood count and differential analysis, red cell zinc protoporphyrin, plasma ferritin, plasma and hair zinc and lymphocyte subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. Within each group, half of the infants were randomly selected for assay of neutrophil bactericidal activity. The other half were assayed for lymphocyte blastogenic response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. Tests of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida antigen and PPD were done and all children and their mothers had antibodies to tetanus and polio determined. Results: 74 infants in the Control group started the trial and 62 completed it. In the Test group, 75 infants began and 70 completed the study. Intake of milk and solid foods was not quantified, but the ages of weaning and of introduction of new foods were determined. The Control and Test groups did not differ significantly on any test item. The mean age of completion of weaning was 3.60 months for the Control group and 4.04 months for the Test group. The Control group was first given meat or fish at a mean age of 5.19 months; the Test. group had meat or fish introduced to their diets at a mean age of 4.36 months. These differences were not statistically significant. The children in the Control group were lighter and shorter than the Test group at the end of the year. Mean standard deviation scores for weight were 0.23 and 0.48 respectively (P = 20%), while for length the SD scores were -0.13 and 0.06 (P = 20%).
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Henriksson, Freddie. "Economic aspects of chronic diseases : multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-5023-7/.
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Ye, Ping. "Autoimmunity in chronic periodontitis." University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4256.
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Doctor of PhilosophyProfound perturbation of epithelial structure is a characteristic feature of the immunopatholoical response to bacterial antigens considered to be central in the pathogenesis of the destructive lesion of periodontitis. The pathological basis for the disturbance of epithelial structure is not understood. It was demonstrated that the structural integrity and functional differentiation of the lining epithelium is compromised in relation to inflammatory changes associated with destructive periodontitis. In the pathological lining epithelium of the periodontal pocket there was a marked reduction of epithelial cadherin important in intercellular adhesion, of involucrin, a marker of terminal differentiation, and of the gap junction connexions that form intercellular communication channels. These changes were associated with alterations of filamentous actin expression, collectively indicating profound perturbation of epithelial structure. The data reported support the concept that the ability of the pathological lining epithelium to function as an effective barrier against the ingress of microbial products into the tissues is severely compromised (Ye et al., 2000). In addition, a recent study (Ye et al., 2003) by Western analysis of serum IgG from all 22 patients with chronic periodontitis tested indicated recognition of multiple epithelial components in individual patterns. In contrast, subjects with a healthy periodontium displayed only trace recognition of epithelial antigens. Levels of epithelial-reactive antibodies were significantly correlated with attachment loss as an indication of disease activity. To investigate a possible relationship between the bacterial flora adjacent to the diseased sites and the presence of epithelial-reactive antibodies, subgingival plague samples were taken from deep periodontal pockets and cultured anaerobically. Gram positive bacteria containing antigens potentially cross-reactive with epithelial cells were reproducibly isolated by probing membrane colony lifts with affinity-isolated (epitheial-specific) antibodies. The bacteria were identified as streptococci (S. mitis, S. constellatus and two S. intermedius strains) and Actinomyces (A. georgiae, and A. sp. oral clone) by 16S rDNA sequence homology. Recognition by affinity-isolated antibodies of antigens from the captured organisms was confirmed by Western analysis. Conversely, absorption of affinity-isolated antibodies with bacterial species specifically reduced subsequent recognition of epithelial antigens. To identify the auto-antigens, a human keratinocyte cDNA expression library in Lambda phage was probed using a pooled sera. Groups of responders were detected for CD24 (a recently described adhesion molecule also known as P-selectin ligand), antioxidant protein 2 (a newly recognised member of the thiol-dependment anti-oxidant proteins), lavtate dehydrogenase A, the transcription factor NFAT5, and for three genes encoding novel proteins. Six identified bacteria, especially S intermedius were demonstrated to absorb antibodies reaching with identified auto-antigens in patterns varying between individuals. This evidence indicated that during the course of periodontits, subjects develop increased levels of antibodies to common oral bacteria amongst which are included tissue cross-reactive antigens. Periodontitis could therefore present a risk for the subsequent initiation or exacerbation of a broad spectrum of disease processes including autoimmune, inflammatory, proliferative and degenerative disorders.
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Kirsch, Florian [Verfasser]. "Economic aspects of disease management programs in chronic diseases / Florian Kirsch." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164293648/34.
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Chan, Hiu-ting, and 陳曉庭. "The effect of diet intake on vascular function and therapeutic effect of cardiovascular medicine in patients with cardiovascular disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434342.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain to be the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Hong Kong and worldwide. Among different modifiable risk factors, dietary pattern is on the major determinant for CVD and overall mortality. Other than pharmacological therapies for cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, maintaining a healthy diet is a more sustainable method in general population to prevent CVDs. Current lifestyle intervention in the West countries focus on high intake of fruit and vegetables with more than 400g per day and limited saturated fats with less than 10% of energy, there is very limited data on impact of dietary pattern on CVDs in Chinese. Prior studies among Chinese in Hong Kong have shown that only half of the local population fell within these recommended ranges for fat, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intakes.
Several different dietary patterns have been recommended for CVDs prevention based on: i) food groups, such as Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet; ii) macronutrients: the low-carbohydrate diet, low glycemic index diet, very-low- fat diet and iii) nutrition or vitamin supplement. However, the effect of different dietary patterns based on modulations of food group, macronutrients and particular micronutrients on vascular structure and function in Chinese subjects is unclear. In the first part of this thesis, the relationships between different dietary pattern and surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular function in different high risk populations for CVDs were investigated.
In Chapter 3, we compared the assessment of dietary pattern in Chinese using different tool, including Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ); Dietary Record; and Dietitian assessment. In this study, we demonstrated that suitable dietary assessments tools should be chosen for the assessment of different dietary pattern, according to characteristics of assessments.
In Chapter 4, the relationship between the fruit intake and subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by carotid intimal thickness (IMT) was investigated in patient with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Our results showed that high fruit intake was associated with lower burden of carotid atherosclerosis, independent of level of vitamin intake in patients with type II DM.
In Chapter 5, we compared the impact of high carbohydrate diet on arterial stiffness between control subjects without CVDs and patients with high risk for CVDs. Our findings showed that high carbohydrate diet mainly affected patients with established CVDs, and their increased arterial stiffness was associated with an elevation of blood pressure.
In Chapter 6, we determined the effect of dietary vitamin intake on oxidative stress in patients with high risk of CVDs. In those high risk patients for CVDs, we demonstrated that increased dietary intake of vitamin A, beta-carotene and alpha tocopherol were associated with decreased oxidative stress, but these relationships were not observed in those control subjects without CVDs. It is likely attributed to the higher systemic oxidative stress levels in patients with high risk of CVDs.
On the other hand, food intake may also affect the clinical efficacy of cardiovascular therapies. In particularly, it has been well established that herbal intake which is commonly used by Chinese can affect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin on patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, in this second part of the thesis, we investigated the effect of concomitant herbal intake on anticoagulation control in patients with non-valvular AF treated with warfarin. Our results showed that patients with AF treated with warfarin had limited knowledge on potential interaction between herbal substances in foods and warfarin, in which increased herbal substances intake significantly reduced the percentage time of anticoagulant effect within the therapeutic range. Moreover, a single section of education on knowledge of herbal ingredients did not improve their percentage time of therapeutic range for these patients.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary pattern in Chinese might have significant impact of vascular function in patients with type II DM and high risk for CVDs. Moreover, the herbal substances in the diet among Chinese could have significant impact of the therapeutic effects in some of the cardiovascular medications, such as warfarin. Future clinical studies will be needed to confirm these potential beneficial effects of particular diet intake on vascular function in patients with high risks of CVDs as well as potential interaction between herbal substances in Chinese diet and cardiovascular medications.published_or_final_version
Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
14
Hum, Susan. "Glutathione metabolism in the rat under varied nutritional conditions." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59940.
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We developed a methodology to measure plasma hepatic glutathione (GSH) turnover and we tested it in rats treated with an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Our goal was to determine whether protein intakes above NRC recommendations maximize hepatic GSH stores and turnover in vivo. We also wished to learn if plasma GSH, cysteine, or methionine concentrations or plasma GSH turnover could be used as noninvasive predictors of liver GSH status. Rats were fed purified diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20 or 40% casein for one week. The 0 and 5% casein diets were considered inadequate in protein, 10% marginal, 20% adequate and 40% excessive. Liver GSH content (mmol/liver) of rats fed 0 and 5% casein diets was 12.29 $ pm$ 1.11 and 16.43 $ pm$ 0.95, respectively, and increased to 23.62 $ pm$ 1.82 in the 10% group. Liver GSH content did not differ between the 20 and 40% groups. As dietary casein increased from 0-20%, free plasma GSH and cysteine concentrations and plasma GSH turnover increased, but did not increase further with the 40% diet. A sigmoidal relationship between plasma GSH turnover and hepatic GSH content was demonstrated. The best predictor of liver GSH content was not free plasma GSH concentration nor plasma GSH turnover, but the free plasma cysteine concentration.
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Gerasimidis, Konstantinos. "Nutritional aspects and gut microbiota in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/826/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2009.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Pruefe, Jenny Maria. "Seeking certainty in an uncertain world : psychosocial aspects of renal replacement therapies in children and adolescents." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607822.
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Estes, Anne Lynnette. "Cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic or recurrent infection with Epstein-Barr virus." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184801.
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Twenty-two subjects with chronic/recurrent Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection were compared with 22 controls to assess cognitive dysfunction. Subjects were compared on 15 measures of cognitive functioning from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, Perceptual Speed, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Finger Tapping Test, Stroop Test, Trail-Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Revised Wechsler Memory Scale. They also were compared on measures of depression including the Beck Depression Inventory, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) depression subscale and SCL-90-Revised depression subscale. Group differences were assessed using discriminant analysis. Only some measures were included in this analysis, i.e. percent retention on Visual Reproduction and Logical Memory subtests of the Revised Wechsler Memory Scale, differential between time scores and between error scores on conditions three and two of the Stroop Test and total number of errors and perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Beck Depression Inventory was included to statistically remove depression effects from cognitive performances. Remaining measures were administered for exploratory and/or comparative purposes only. Results from discriminant analysis revealed significant group differences on the Beck, but not on any cognitive measure either before or after removal of depression effects. However, direction of group differences on cognitive measures occurred as expected. Also, a post-hoc multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant group differences on MMPI scales 1, 2 and 3 with EBV subjects showing higher elevations. Significant group differences also occurred on MMPI scale 7. Two categories of explanation for results are offered. The first suggests that cognitive deficits were missed due to shortcomings in study design. Remaining hypotheses address the possibility that no cognitive deficits occur with chronic/recurrent EBV infection. Suggestion for why EBV patients complain of cognitive deficits include discussion of hysteroid tendencies and intensification of sensations by a focus on somatic processes. The usefulness of assuming a multifactorial basis for symptoms associated with chronic/recurrent EBV infection, and the importance of abandoning the either/or approach of earlier investigators to hypothesizing about etiology, are discussed.
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Hallin, Runa. "Nutritional Depletion in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) : Effect on Morbidity, Mortality and Physical Capacity." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9512.
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The overall aim of this work was to examine the effects of depleted nutritional status on some aspects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Morbidity. In paper І, we found that energy intake was lower than the calculated energy demand for all patients. A low body mass index (BMI) at inclusion and weight loss, during the one year follow-up period were independent risk factors for having a new exacerbation (p = 0.003 and 0.006, respectively). Mortality. Nineteen percent of the patients in paper ІІ, where underweight (BMI<20). A significant positive correlation was found between BMI and FEV1, and this correlation remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and pack years (p<0.0001). Being underweight was related to increased overall mortality and respiratory mortality but not to mortality of other causes, 19% of the patients had died within 2 years. The lowest mortality was found among the overweight patients (BMI 25-30 kg/m). Physical capacity and effect of training. In paper ІІІ we investigated baseline characteristics of patients that were starting physical training. We found that peak working capacity was positively related to BMI (r=0.35, p=0.02) and fat free mass index (FFMI) (r=0.49, p=0.004) and negatively related to S-Fibrinogen and serum C reactive protein (S-CRP). BMI and FFMI were significantly related to the 12 minutes walking distance when adjusted for body weight. Fifty to 76% of the variation in physical capacity was accounted for when age, gender, FEV1, FFMI and CRP were combined in a multiple regression model. In Paper ІV the median change in fat free mass (FFM), after 4 months of physical training was 0.5 kg. Old age, low FEV1 and high level of dyspnoea were independent negative predictors of FFM increase after the training period. In conclusion nutritional status is an important determinant of morbidity, mortality and physical capacity in COPD. Low FEV1 and high level of dyspnea are negative predictors for increased FFM after physical training.
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Li, Jiayan Emma, and 李嘉彦. "Economic evaluations of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for chronic disease management: asystematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45173072.
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Kariuki, Anastacia Wanjiku. "The prevalence and nutritional causes of hypoglycaemia in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) at Kenyatta National Hospital Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1444.
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Lindholm, Michelle Marie. "Chronic childhood disease and child abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1559.
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The purpose of the present research is to investigate whether or not chronically ill children are victims of child abuse more frequently than healthy children. The gender of the child and of the parent will also be examined for differences in the treatment children receive.
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Carl, Matsuura Wynetta. "Perinatal Correlates of Shaken Baby Syndrome." Diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22047.
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Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is a potentially lethal form of child abuse. Primary prevention efforts have been targeted towards educating the general population, especially pregnant women and new parents, about the dangers of shaking. It is hypothesized that there are identifiable perinatal risk fadors for children that make them more at risk for injury from SBS than other forms of Abusive Head Trauma (AHT). All hospitalized children with suspected AHT (n=206) over a 14-year period who were referred to a multidisciplinary child protection center, were identified. The records of 24 children were not included in the study because they were not available for review, the child did not have a primary head injury, or the child was adopted and birth records were not available. Nonaccidental injury was confirmed in 116 of the remaining children. These included 72 (62%) children fitting SBS criteria, and 44 (38%) children identified as having other AHT. Case analysis included review of hospital and multidisciplinary child protection center records. The SBS and AHT groups were compared to separate perinatal risk fadors that might assist in identifying children at increased risk for SBS. Results of the analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference between groups evident in the perinatal history. These preliminary findings support the follOWing conclusion that in contrast to many published reports, the perinatal information on the child did not provide significant pre-injury risk identifiers. It was concluded that changes in early educational programs and media campaigns are needed to reduce the sequalae of head trauma in infants and children. Programs must focus on AHT in general, rather than only SBS.
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Ambrosini, Gina L. "Dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0135.
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[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines the potential role of dietary intake in the development of two common conditions affecting the prostate gland; prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Diet is of interest as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer because of geographical variations in prostate cancer incidence and increased prostate cancer risks associated with migration from Asian to western countries. Some geographical variation has been suggested for BPH, but this is less certain. However, both prostate cancer and BPH have potential links with diet through their positive associations with sex hormone levels, metabolic syndrome, increased insulin levels and chronic inflammation. In addition, zinc is an essential dietary micronutrient required for semen production in the prostate gland. The original work for this thesis is presented in six manuscripts of which, four have been published in peer-reviewed journals (at the time of thesis completion). BPH investigated in this thesis is defined as surgically-treated BPH. The following hypotheses were investigated. Regarding foods, nutrients and the risk of prostate cancer and BPH: 1. Increasing intakes of fruits, vegetables and zinc are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH 2. Increasing intakes of total fat and calcium are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 3. Dietary patterns characterised by high meat, processed meat, calcium and fat content are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 4. Dietary patterns characterised by high fruit and vegetable and low meat content are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. v Regarding methodological issues related to the study of diet-disease relationships: 5. Dietary patterns (overall diet) elicited from principal components analysis yield stronger diet-disease associations than when studying isolated nutrients. 6. Remotely recalled dietary intake is reliable enough to be used in studies of chronic disease with long latency periods, such as prostate cancer and BPH. Methods: Data from two studies was used to address the hypotheses above. ... Based on the literature reviewed and the original work for this thesis, the most important dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and BPH appear to be those common to western style diets, i.e. diets high in red meat, processed meat, refined grains, dairy products, and low in fruit and vegetables. This type of diet is likely to result in marginal intakes of antioxidants and fibre, excess intakes of fat and possibly, moderate intakes of carcinogens associated with processed meat and meat cooked at high temperatures. These dietary factors have been linked with biomarkers of inflammation, and they support the hypotheses that chronic inflammation is involved in the development of both prostate cancer and BPH. In addition, this work builds on evidence that zinc is an important factor in prostate health. There is scope for more investigation into the reliability of dietary patterns and the use of nutrient patterns as an alternative to focussing on single food components. Further studies on the reliability of remote dietary intake would also be useful. Because of the latency of chronic disease, it can be theorised that remote dietary recall may uncover more robust diet-disease relationships.
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Vickers, Margaret H. (Margaret Heather) 1962, of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Commerce. "Life and work with 'invisible' chronic illness (ICI) :authentic stories of a passage through trauma - a Heideggerian, Hermeneutical, phenomenological, multiple-case, exploratory analysis." THESIS_FC_XXX_Vickers_M.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/826.
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This study is research into Invisible Chronic Illness (ICI): illness that cannot be seen by another, but that can have a major, sometimes catastrophic, effect on the lives of people concerned, especially their working lives. Each chapter deals, in some detail,with certain aspects of chronic illnesses that cannot be readily seen. The research is argued to be a vital excavation - a recognition of authentic and previously unheard voices and a methodology of primary value in researching the incommensurable, the difficult, the nasty in organisational lifeDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Törneke, Karolina. "Pharmacological aspects of adrenoceptor drugs in the horse /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5431-X.pdf.
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Williams, Kevin. "Using experiential learning to facilitate pharmacy students' understanding of patients' medication practice in chronic illness." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003955.
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This study originates from experiences which led me to question the way pharmacists are equipped to advise and support the medicine-taking practice of patients using chronic medication. The study offers a critical theoretical consideration of underlying perspectives informing pharmacy education. I propose following a critical realist ontological perspective, a social realist understanding of social structure and human agency, and a sociocultural epistemology. Based on these perspectives, I consider a sociological critique of ‘health’, ‘disease’, ‘illness’ and ‘sickness’ perspectives on medicine-taking, and of pharmacy as a profession. I then propose an experiential learning approach, with an emphasis on developing reflexivity through affective learning. I follow this with an illustrative case study. Following a critical discourse analysis of student texts from the case study, I conclude that there is evidence that experiential learning may prove useful in developing pharmacy students’ reflexive competency to support the provision of pharmaceutical care to patients using chronic medications.
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Yuen, Man-fung, and 袁孟峰. "Role of hepatitis B virus genotypes B and C on chronic liver disease in the Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B33710089.
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Minkus, Tracy M. "The effect of low dietary zinc on outcome of primary and challenge nematode infections in mice /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59808.
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The effect of low dietary zinc on the survival and reproduction of an intestinal nematode (Heligmosomoides polygyrus) during both primary (Experiment 1) and challenge (Experiment 2) infections was investigated. Plasma zinc concentrations were significantly lower in mice fed a 5 ppm zinc diet (ZR), compared with control mice fed a 60 ppm zinc diet (C) in both experiments. There were no significant differences between ZR and C mice in any other zinc parameter or on worm burdens or worm fecundity in either experiment. Comparisons between the primary infection and the challenge infection did suggest a possible effect of calorie restriction on worm burdens.Parasitic infection did, however, affect the host nutritional status. Spleen weight was significantly higher in infected mice in both experiments. In the challenge infection, both liver and spleen copper concentrations were significantly higher, and spleen iron concentration significantly lower in the infected mice. That these significant results were seen only in the challenge infection may suggest the role of the host immune response.
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Shi, Hai Ning. "Interactions among zinc deficiency, energy restriction, immunity and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in mice." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40251.
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Interactions among zinc deficiency, energy restriction, immunity and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in mice were investigated. Mice were fed zinc-sufficient (Zn+: 60mg zinc/kg diet), zinc-deficient (Zn$-$: 0.75 mg/kg) or pair-fed (PF) diets. Liver and serum zinc concentrations were reduced in Zn$-$ mice, but zinc content of worms was unaffected by host diet. Both zinc deficiency and energy restriction accelerated worm maturation during a primary infection, but zinc deficiency caused stunting of female worms. Energy restriction led to a anteriorad distribution of worms along the intestine whereas zinc deficiency led to a posteriorad distribution. Enhanced parasite survival in Zn$-$ and PF mice was associated with a decreased immune response in both primary and challenge infections. In the primary infection, spleen cell production of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-$ gamma$), peripheral eosinophilia and serum levels of IgE and IgG1 were reduced by zinc deficiency, whereas the reduced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and impaired interleukin-5 (IL-5) production were attributed to energy restriction. In the challenge infection, reduced antibody levels (total IgE and IgG1, parasite-specific IgG1 and IgG3) and eosinophilia were attributed to zinc deficiency whereas the higher worm numbers were attributed to a combined effect of zinc deficiency and energy restriction. Although the absolute number of spleen cells was reduced in both Zn$-$ and PF mice, neither deficiency altered the proportion of the cell subpopulations. In vitro functional assays in response to parasite antigen (Ag) revealed that T cell proliferation was reduced by a direct effect of zinc deficiency on T cells, and by the effects of energy restriction on antigen presenting cells (APC). Impaired cytokine production in Zn$-$ mice was more complex. Zinc deficiency reduced T cell function (IL-4 production), energy restriction decreased T cell (IFN-$ gamma$ productio
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Cunningham-Sabo, Leslie D. 1957. "Assessing hemodialysis patient compliance to fluid and dietary recommendations: Use of the multidimensional health locus-of-control construct and other methods." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277050.
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This study investigated the hypothesis that dietary compliance among hemodialysis patients is related to their health locus of control orientation, as well as other factors. Fifty chronic hemodialysis patients were studied over a 3-month period. Among women interdialytic weight gain as a percentage of body weight (%BWG) was positively correlated with the number of weekly hemodialysis sessions and negatively related to ease of fluid compliance. Among men %BWG was positively correlated with powerful others health locus of control, family support, and hemodialysis tenure, and negatively correlated with employment. The best fitting multiple regression equation explained 26% of the variance for %BWG using ease of fluid compliance, frequency of urination, and powerful others orientation, with sex effects seen for the latter two variables. Staff perceptions of patient dietary compliance were also highly correlated with %BWG, though they never tabulated fluid gain controlled for body weight.
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Enyart, Kathy Jane. "A DESCRIPTION OF MARKERS OF PATIENT PROGRESS DURING HOSPITALIZATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275448.
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Alberts, Terri Lynn. "Chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome: its relationship to underlying emotional and psychological issues." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1181.
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This post-positivist research study explored the possible relationship between Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome (CFIDS) and the presence of underlying psychological and emotional issues. An exploratory design with naturalistic methods of inquiry was utilized to investigate whether the presence, or absence, of these issues had any impact on the overall disease process.
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Leclerc, Hélène. "Effects on manipulating the anion-cation balance in rations for prepartum dairy cows on hypocalcemic parturient paresis." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65421.
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Mason, Lisa Ringhausen. "Comparison of two methods of teaching the diabetic diet to elderly women." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42118.
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Thirty females, 55 to 70 years old, participated in an investigation comparing two methods of teaching the diabetic diet. Subjects were required to take the WRAT-R, a test which assessed their reading capabilities. Only those scoring at the seventh grade level or below qualified for this investigation. Following the test, subjects were assigned to one of two groups. Participants in Group 1 received one-on-one instructions of Healthy Food Choices, whereas participants in Group 2 received videotaped instructions of Healthy Food Choices. Healthy Food Choices is a more simplified meal planning tool designed for those that cannot understand the concepts of the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
Participants were instructed by the researcher, either on videotape or one-on-one. A follow-up visit occurred in a mean of 10.3 days to assess comprehension of the instructions provided. Each participant was contacted again by telephone in a mean of 28.7 days from the follow-up visit to assess long-term retention of the instructions they were provided. The sample menu collected from the two contacts provided data on choice deletions and additions. These data were analyzed by t-tests. There were no statistically significant differences found between diabetic diet instructions done by videotape or one-on-one at either follow-up visit or telephone contact. In this sample, videotaped instructions of the diabetic diet were just as effective as one-on-one instructions.Master of Science
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Evaneshko, Veronica. "Exploratory data analysis of type II diabetes among Navajo Indians." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276762.
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This research explicated the use of exploratory data analysis in describing type II diabetes mellitus among the Navajo Indians. A sample of 98 diagnosed diabetics was obtained from a retrospective chart review and had a 1.3:1 female to male ratio, a median age of 58.6 years, and a mean duration for diabetes of 7.66 years. Other characteristics included a median age at diagnosis of 50 years, a median weight prior to diagnosis (expressed in percent desired weight) of 140%, and a median blood glucose value at time of diagnosis of 241 mg/dl. The distribution patterns for age, weight, and blood glucose revealed several asymmetry problems which had implications for the appropriateness of using parametric statistics in numerical summarizations. Bivariate analyses revealed a negative association between age at diagnosis and percent desired weight prior to diagnosis. This finding identifies the risk that obesity brings to the young and that aging brings to the non-obese, Navajo Indian.
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Van, Lent Diane. "The relationship of spirituality, self-transcendence, and social support to morale in chronically ill elderly." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276820.
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The relationship of spirituality, self-transcendence, and social support to morale in chronically ill elderly was the focus of this research study. The research was based upon a developmental framework of aging. Individuals answered questionnaires regarding their perspectives on the above variables to determine how significantly the variables related to feelings of morale. Findings revealed that self-transcendence and social support were significantly correlated with morale in this population. No significant relationship between spirituality and morale was found. Self-transcendence and social support together accounted for 45% of the variance in predicting morale in the chronically ill elderly. Findings also revealed existing relationships between spirituality and gender, education level and social support, and length of illness and social support.
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BRADEN, CARRIE JO GIFFORD. "SELF-HELP AS A LEARNED RESPONSE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS EXPERIENCE: A TEST OF FOUR ALTERNATIVE THEORIES (ADAPTATION, HELPLESSNESS, RESOURCEFULNESS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183879.
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The purposes of this study were: (a) to identify which of four competing theories best accounted for self help as a learned outcome of chronic illness experience, and (b) to generate a Self Help Model that could be used to explicate self help as a learned response to chronic illness. The concepts of severity of chronic illness, intimate dependency reinforcers, self induced dependency reinforcers, cue outcome independence reinforcers, enabling skill, self help and life quality were specified in a causal format that allowed a competitive test of four different theories. The theories tested were instrumental passivity theory, self induced dependency theory, an adaptation of learned helplessness theory and learned resourcefulness theory. The study utilized a causal modeling design to assess a five stage model. A judgment sample of 786 individuals having a diagnosis of arthritis or an arthritis related condition were mailed questionnaires. Two hundred seventy-eight subjects responded, a 36 percent return rate. Seven scales using a visual analogue response format indexed the theoretical concepts. Reliability and validity estimates were conducted to assess psychometric properties of the instruments. Model parameters were estimated using multiple regression statistical techniques. Residual analysis was conducted to estimate violations of the causal model and statistical assumptions. Factors from one theory, the learned resourcefulness theory, emerged as more credible than factors from any single other theory. However, the data did evidence factors from other theories that were significant. Self induced sick role reinforcers and cue outcome independence reinforcers were found to slightly reduce perception of enabling skill (B = -.31 and B = -.12, respectively; R² = .11). Intimate dependency reinforcers and cue outcome independence reinforcers were found to slightly reduce perception of self help (B = -.34 and B = -.24, respectively; R² = .19). These factors helped to identify environmental and intra-person contingencies that led to reduction in self help. The learned resourcefulness factor, enabling skill, demonstrated the mediating skills that worked to enhance self help (B = .44; R² = .29). The Self Help Model generated to explicate self help as a learned response to chronic illness explained 50 percent of the variance in perceived self help. Self help had a direct positive impact on life quality (B = .61; R² = .46). By knowing the factors influencing a patient’s self help response to chronic illness experience, the nurse is better able to plan more effective self help promoting interventions for individuals, or groups of patients. Nurses who promote a self help response in those having a chronic illness could improve their life quality.
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Jones, Frances McManemin. "A Measure of Dependency in Patients with Chronic Illness: Clinical Ecology." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331630/.
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This study briefly reviews both historical and recent conceptualizations of dependency. In particular, it focuses on this concept's applicability to patients with chronic illnesses, especially those with allergies. Type and degree of dependency were seen as an important factor in the approach to the medical and psychological treatment of clinical ecology patients. The purpose of the study was to develop an objective measure of dependency which could quickly identify patients whose dependency conflicts interfere with the treatment process. The study was divided into three phases. In the first phase test responses by 84 inpatients to the CAQ, MMPI, and the HAT as well as historical and demographic data were analyzed by a series of stepwise discriminant analysis. The 53 resulting items were examined for those which most concisely discriminated between the two identified groups (pathologically dependent and nonpathologically dependent). These 15 items were used to test 120 additional patients in phase II. Fourteen items were retained and the coefficients obtained classified the patients in phase I and II with a 98.81 percent and 94.17 percent degree of accuracy respectively. These classification coefficients were used to classify another 30 patients in phase III with a 96.67 percent rate of accuracy. These results provide exceptionally strong support for the hypothesis that group classification can be obtained through the use of an objective screening instrument. The pathologically dependent patients tend to focus on disease, frequently are unemployed, have histories of childhood illnesses, have limited emotional controls, are depressed, ambivalent, and distrustful. Additionally, they experience difficulty establishing goals or accepting personal responsibility. Those patients identified as nonpathologically dependent exemplify the more positive aspects of these traits. The pathologically dependent patients appear to be caught in a dilemma between wellness and satisfaction of dependency needs. While all patients need an organized approach to treatment, the pathologically dependent require an extremely structured repititious approach and may require long term psychological intervention in order to make positive steps toward wellness.
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Pretorius, Sandra S. "Food choices and macro- and micronutrient intake of Sowetans with chronic heart failure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6662.
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Thesis (MPhil (Rehabilitation))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa, rapid urbanisation and epidemiological transition have left the black urban population vulnerable to diseases of lifestyle such as chronic heart failure. This is in part due to the fact that changes in dietary patterns during urbanization play an important role in the increase of risk factors of these diseases. However, there is a lack of information on dietary choices of black urban populations. Therefore the current study evolved to describe the food choices and macro-and micronutrient intake of black, urban Sowetans, newly diagnosed with chronic heart failure, who attended the outpatient cardiac clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital. A descriptive study methodology that made use of quantitative methods of data collection was used. Study participants comprised Sowetans with chronic heart failure who attended the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital outpatient cardiac clinic for the first time. Consecutive sampling followed by stratified random sampling was used to identify study participants. Participants were stratified for gender. Hundred persons participated in the study. Data was collected through the Food Frequency Questionnaire, a demographic questionnaire and measuring of height and weight. Data from the FFQ's was analysed for macro- and micronutrient intake by using the MRC "Food Finder 3‟ programme. Data were analysed by a statistician using StatSoft, Inc. (2009) STATISTICA, version 9.0. A p value of 0.05 was seen as statistically significant. The most significant clinical finding is an inadequate intake of certain micro nutrients and excessive salt consumption. Study participants continued to eat the more traditional carbohydrate foods. These staples were supplemented by highly refined carbohydrate sources, such as added sugar, sweets and chocolates, cakes, biscuits and cold drinks. Women ate significantly more maltabella (p=0.04), sweets and chocolates (p=0.01) than men, while men consumed significantly more, meat (p=0.01), milk and milk products (p=0.04), additional salt (p=0.02) and take away foods (p=0.05). Both genders had inadequate intake of Vitamin D [men 4 mcg/day (p=0.00), and women, 4 mcg/day (p=0.01)], selenium, [46 mcg/day (p=0.03) and 32 mcg/day (p=0.00)], folate [215 mcg/day (p=0.00) and 179 mcg/day (p=0.00)] and Vitamin C [71 mg/day (p=0.05) and 66 mg/day (p=0.07)]. Women had an inadequate intake of iron of 9 mg/day (P=0.00). It is recommended that dietary health promotion packages are developed and targeted specifically at this high risk community. Key words: Chronic heart failure, black, urban, food choices, macro-and micronutrients.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die swart stedelike bevolking in Suid Afrika gaan gebuk onder 'n al groter wordende risiko vir leefstyl siektes soos kroniese hartversaking. Dit kan gedeeltelik toegeskryf word aan veranderinge in dieet patrone as gevolg van verstedeliking en die epidemiologiese oorgang. Daar is egter nie genoeg inligting oor die voedselkeuses van swart stedelike bevolkingsgroepe nie. Die huidige studie het dus ontwikkel uit die behoefte om die voedselkeuses en mikro- en makronutrient inname van swart, stedelike Soweto inwoners wat nuut gediagnoseer is met hartversaking en die buitepasiënt kardiologie kliniek by Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospitaal bygewoon het, te bepaal. Daar was gebruik gemaak van 'n beskrywende studie metodologie wat gebruik gemaak het van kwantitatiewe metodes van data insameling. Deelnemers aan die studie het bestaan uit swart inwoners van Soweto met kroniese hartversaking wat die buitepasiënt kardiologie kliniek by Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospitaal vir die eerste keer bygewoon het. 'n Opeenvolgende steekproef, gevolg deur gestratifiseerde steekproefneming was gebruik om die studie deelnemers te identifiseer. Deelnemers was gestratifiseer volgens geslag. Eenhonderd pesone het aan die studie deelgeneem. Data is ingesamel deur gebruik te maak van die Voedsel Frekwensie Vraelys, a demografiese vraelys en die meet van lengte en gewig. Data van die Voedsel Frekwensie Vraelyste was ge-analiseer vir mikro-en makronutrient inname met die MRC ”Food Finder 3” program. Data is ge-analiseer deur 'n statistikus met die „StatSoft, Inc. (2009) STATISTICA, version 9.0‟. 'n P waarde van 0.05 is gesien as statisties beduidend. Mees beduidendste kliniese bevinding was die ontoereikende inname van sekere mikro-nutriënte en die verhoogde inname van sout. Studie deelnemers het nog steeds die meer tradisionele koolhidraat voedsels geëet. Hierdie stapel voedsels was aangevul deur hoogs verfynde bronne van koolhidrate, soos ekstra suiker, lekkergoed en sjokolade, koek, koekies en koeldrank. Die vrouens het beduidend meer maltabella (p=0.01), lekkergoed en sjokolade (p=0.01) geëet as mans, terwyl mans beduidend meer vleis (p=0.01), melk en melkprodukte (p=0.04), bygevoegde sout (p=0.02) en wegneem kosse (p=0.05) ingeneem het. Beide geslagte het ontoereikende innames van vitamiene D [mans 4 mcg/dag (p=0.00), en vrouens, 4 mcg/dag (p=0.01)], selenium [46 mcg/dag (p=0.03) en 32 mcg/dag (p=0.00)], foliensuur [215 mcg/dag (p=0.00) en 179 mcg/dag (p=0.00)] en vitamiene C [71 mg/dag (p=0.05) en 66 mg/dag (p=0.07)]. Vrouens het 'n ontoereikende inname van yster van 9 mg/dag (p=0.00) gehad. Daar word aanbeveel dat gesonde voedingsprogramme ontwikkel word, spesifiek gemik op hierdie bevolkingsgroep. Sleutelwoorde: Kroniese hartversaking, swart, verstedeliking, voedselkeuses, makro- en mikronutriënte.
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Nielsen, Kim. "The effects of iron deficiency on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus /." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68228.
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The aim of this research was to determine the influence of iron deficiency on both the efficacy and metabolic patterns of albendazole in mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Anthelmintic efficacy was markedly decreased in iron-deficient mice; the deficiency was also associated with a decrease in body weight, altered hematological parameters and a decreased net egg output; worm establishment in the deficient group was not affected by the deficiency. Although anthelmintic efficacy was significantly decreased by the iron deficiency, plasma concentration profiles of the main metabolites, albendazole sulphoxide and albendazole sulphone, were not changed by the deficiency. Levels of intestinal cytochrome P-450, the main metabolizing enzyme of albendazole however, was significantly depressed in iron-deficient mice. These observations suggest that although pharmacokinetic parameters are not affected by iron deficiency, nutritional status has the potential to influence anthelmintic efficacy and thus warrants further study.
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Coe, Ellen Moster. "The correlation between changes in conicity index and changes in other risk factors for coronary heart disease at baseline and after a six- month intervention program." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941352.
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The emphasis of the study was to determine the degree of correlation between the Conicity Index and known risk factors for heart disease. Conicity Index was shown in one study to be a useful screening tool in assessing the relationship between body composition and risk for heart disease. This study was designed to provide nutrition education and teach lifestyle modification to fourteen Veteran's Affairs patients. Change in specific risk factors including Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Body Mass Index, serum lipid levels and dietary intakes were correlated with change in Conicity Index over the six month study. Results from the present study did not suggest that the Conicity Index would serve as an effective screening tool for the present population. Mean body weight, body mass index, hip circumference, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, total caloric and fat intake all decreased significantly as a result of the program. Through nutrition education, behavior modification and group support, the risk for heart disease was successfully modified in this population.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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古修齊 and Sergio Don Koo. "Quality of life in children with chronic allergic respiratory disease: a population-based child health survey inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42931538.
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Docherty, Deborah. "The narrative approach to understanding the chronic illness experience /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33459.
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This small exploratory study considers the use of the narrative approach in eliciting and understanding illness stories. The four participants, (two male and two female) range in age from 29 years to 74 years. They live with a variety of chronic illnesses (heart disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Pick's disease). Narrative analysis of the four semi-structured transcribed interviews revealed four dominant themes: the emotional reaction to diagnosis; the role of stress in aggravating and coping with chronic illness; a view of death; the meaning attributed to illness.A postmodern perspective is employed to explicate the social construction of the notion of chronic illness. A critique of the medical discourse regarding chronic health challenges is offered.
This study invites social workers to consider their position of power and privilege as they learn new ways of listening to illness narratives.
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Ehrström, Sophia. "Aspects on chronic stress and glucose metabolism in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and in women with localized provoked vulvodynia /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-169-2/.
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Yurivilca, Santolalla Vda De Diaz Sara Del Carmen. "NUTRIMIND: Asesoría y coaching nutricional en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653123.
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El presente trabajo es una oportunidad de negocio que brinda asistencia y coaching nutricional a la población del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho que es el más poblado de Lima con un sector industrial y comercial desarrollado, lo que hace de SJL un excelente lugar para el presente emprendimiento. Este servicio está dirigido a personas preocupadas por su apariencia física y/o que presentan sobrepeso y obesidad la cual puede desencadenar más adelante en enfermedades no transmisibles como diabetes, hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiovasculares, etc. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto se realizó un estudio de mercado que permiten realizar una eficiente segmentación de mercado. Obteniendo como resultado que los encuestados requerían y necesitaban este tipo de servicio.
La empresa tendrá el nombre de NUTRIMIND S.A.C., brindará a nuestros clientes: consulta nutricional presencial y coaching nutricional vía online completando el servicio con talleres nutricionales y de mindfulness organizacionales. Todo ello para que nuestro cliente se sienta comprometido en lograr su objetivo de salud y tome conciencia de la importancia de esta. La implementación de este negocio requiere una inversión inicial de S/.25915.2 soles que será cubierta por el aporte de capital propio. Consecuentemente el estudio se presenta como un plan de negocios viable y rentable. Obteniéndose una TIR de 83% y un VAN de 69 738.36.
Este negocio permitirá el emprendimiento y a la misma vez generar empleo a más profesionales de la salud debido a que sus resultados son favorables.The present work is a business opportunity that provides nutritional assistance and coaching to the population of the district of San Juan de Lurigancho that is the most populated of Lima with an industrial and commercial sector developed which makes SJL an excellent place for the present venture. This service is aimed at people concerned about their physical appearance and/or who are overweight and obese which can later trigger in noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, etc. For the development of this project a market study was carried out that allow efficient segmentation of the market. Getting as a result that respondents required and needed this type of service. The company will be named NUTRIMIND S.A.C., will provide our clients: face-to-face nutritional consultation and nutritional coaching via online completing the service with nutritional workshops and organizational mindfulness. All this so that our client feels committed to achieving their health goal and become aware of the importance of it. The implementation of this business requires an initial investment of S/.25915.2 soles that will be covered by the contribution of own capital. Consequently, the study is presented as a viable and profitable business plan. Obtaining an 83% TIR and a VAN of 69 738.36. This business will allow entrepreneurship and at the same time generate employment for more health professionals because their results are favorable.
Tesis
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Carcaise-Edinboro, Patricia. "The relationship of dietary beta-carotene intake and serum beta- carotene levels to the development of oral lesions in smokeless tobacco users." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42097.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to assess the relationship of dietary and serum beta-carotene to the development of oral lesions in smokeless tobacco users. Eighty eight smokeless tobacco users without oral lesions and 18 with lesions participated in the study. Dietary intake of beta-carotene,
personal health habits and selected dietary intake were analyzed by questionnaire. Serum levels were assessed by high pressure liquid chromotography. No correlation between dietary beta-carotene intake and serum beta-carotene levels was observed. Results of t-test analysis indicated no significant difference in the mean serum or dietary intake of
beta-carotene between the groups. Mean serum beta-carotene for group-I, users without oral lesions and group-2, users with oral lesions were 12.3 ug/dl(I.02 SE), and 10.6 ug/dl(1.59 SE), respectively. Stepwise regression techniques were employed to assess the influence of selected variables on
serum beta-carotene. The effects of smoking, smokeless tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, and age as well as other dietary indices were evaluated. Age (O.015,p
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Yagi, Toyoko. "Compliance with dialysis regimens: The effects of coping and social support." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2655.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of compliance behavior. Since compliance among dialysis patients increases survival rate, it is important for social workers to identify patients who are at risk of noncompliance.
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Milanés, Lilian L. "STORIES OF STRENGTH: CHICAGO LATIN@S' NAVIGATION OF HEALTH, WELL-BEING, AND CHRONIC DISEASE." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/33.
Full textAbstract:
Health inequalities take many forms related to race, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnic, language and many other axes throughout communities around the world. Type two diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are examples of conditions (among many others) that disproportionately affect Latino@s in the U.S.. The research of this dissertation is based on fieldwork conducted throughout several predominantly Latin@ neighborhoods in Chicago, IL. This dissertation examines how Latin@s in Chicago navigate health and well-being, and how they engage in agentive strategies in the face of chronic disease. I recorded individual life histories and semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observation at various community events and settings. The stories of these Chicago Latin@s are shared here in an effort to de-homogenize the depiction of Latin@s in the U.S. by paying attention to local narratives, and especially to those related to living with chronic disease.
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Conradie, Nelene. "The development and testing of recipes for patients with chronic renal failure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4060.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Patients with chronic renal failure must deal not only with the disease itself, but also have to follow a strict dietary regimen. In South Africa there is currently a great demand for new and updated recipes based on the South African Renal Exchange Lists. The focus of this research was the development and testing of recipes commonly used by renal patients following a westernised diet. Objectives The main objectives of the study were to develop and test recipes that meet the nutritional requirements of patients with chronic renal failure. The secondary objectives were to determine the gender and racial differences in participants’ responses during consumer sensory testing. Methodology The study population consisted of patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis from Tygerberg Academic Hospital (TAH). Data was collected in three phases, using census sampling: Phase 1 included the development and adaptation of recipes to suit the renal diet. Phase 2 included the consumer sensory testing of the recipes by the dialysis patients, using the 9-point hedonic scale. Phase 3 included the rating of the recipes, the final nutritional analysis and allocation of renal exchanges to one portion of each recipe, as well as the final formatting of the recipe to make it more user-friendly for the renal patient. Results In total, 45 patients took part in the sensory evaluation of 30 recipes. Eighty percent of the subjects were coloured, 4% were white while 16% were black. Fifty-one percent (n=23) were female and 49% (n=22) were male. Of the 30 recipes that were evaluated for overall acceptance, appearance, smell, texture and taste, only 7 were deemed unacceptable. Recipes were unacceptable when less than 80% of the study participants gave a mean overall score of more than 6. Significant differences in the overall acceptability scores were found between the male and female subgroups for the Fish and Vegetable Pie (p=0.031), Chicken Pilaf (p=0.008) and Date Fingers (p=0.002). The females showed a greater preference for these two main meals while the males showed a greater preference for the Date Fingers. Significant differences were found between the black and westernised subgroups for the Rice Salad (p=0.006), Wheat and Mushroom Casserole (p=0.022), Curried Wheat Salad (p=0.043) and the Coconut Ice (p=0.005), with the westernised subgroup showing a greater preference for the dishes than the black subgroup. Conclusion The 23 recipes that were acceptable to the study participants are recommended for inclusion in the RenalSmart Software programme. These recipes are suitable for patients following a westernised diet. It is proposed that recipes suitable for the black and Indian population must be developed in future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Pasiënte met chroniese nierversaking moet nie net slegs die siektetoestand hanteer nie, maar moet ook ‘n streng dieet regime volg. Daar is huidiglik in Suid-Afrika ‘n groot behoefte vir nuwe en opgedateerde resepte gebasseer op die Suid-Afrikaanse Nier Ruillyste. Die fokus van hierdie navorsing was om resepte te ontwikkel en te toets wat algemeen ingeneem word deur nierversaking pasiënte wat ‘n westerse dieet volg. Doelwitte Die hoof doelwitte van die studie was om resepte te identifiseer en te toets wat voldoen aan die nutrisionele behoeftes van nierpasiënte met kroniese nierversaking. Die sekondêre doelwitte was om geslag en ras verskille in die deelnemers se reaksies tydens verbruiker sensoriese evaluering te bepaal. Metodologie Die studie populasie het bestaan uit pasiënte met chroniese nierversaking op hemodialise en aaneenlopende ambulatoriese peritoneale dialise van Tygerberg Akademiese Hospitaal (TAH). Data was versamel in drie fases deur gebruik te maak van sensus steekproeftrekking: Fase 1 het die ontwikkeling en aanpassings van die resepte, om dit toepaslik te maak vir die nier dieet, ingesluit. Fase 2 het die verbruiker sensoriese evaluering van die resepte deur die dialise pasiënte, met behulp van die 9-punt hedoniese skaal, ingesluit. Fase 3 het die klassifisering van die resepte, die finale nutrisionele analise en die toekenning van nier ruile per porsie van elke resep, sowel as die finale formatering om die resep meer gebruikersvriendelik te maak vir die nierpasiënt, ingesluit. Resultate In totaal het 45 pasiënte aan die sensoriese evaluering van die 30 resepte deelgeneem. Tagtig persent van die deelnemers was kleurling, 4% was wit en 16% was swart. Een en vyftig persent (n=23) was vroulik en 49% (n=22) was manlik. Van die 30 resepte wat geevalueer is vir algehele aanvaarding, voorkoms, reuk, tekstuur en smaak, was slegs 7 onaanvaarbaar gevind. Resepte is as onaanvaarbaar beskou indien minder as 80% van die deelnemers ‘n gemiddelde algehele telling van meer as 6 gegee het. Beduidende verskille in die algehele aanvaarbaarheid tellings is gevind tussen die mans en vroue vir die Vis en Groente Pastei (p=0.031), Hoender Pilaf (p=0.008) en Dadelvingers (p=0.002). Die vrouens het ‘n groter voorkeur vir die twee hoofgeregte getoon terwyl die mans ‘n groter voorkeur vir die Dadelvingers getoon het. Beduidende verskille is gevind tussen die swart en westerse sub-groepe vir die Rysslaai (p=0.006), Koring en Sampioen Kasserol (o=0.022), Kerrie Koringslaai (p=0.043) en die Klapperys (p=0.005), met die westerse sub-groep wat ‘n groter voorkeur vir dié geregte toon as die swartes. Gevolgtrekking Die 23 resepte wat aanvaarbaar gevind is sal voorgestel word om ingesluit te word in die RenalSmart Sagteware program. Die resepte is toepaslik vir pasiënte wat ‘n westerse dieet volg. Daar word voorgestel dat resepte toepaslik vir die swart en Indiër populasie ontwikkel word in toekomstige navorsing.
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Hatchcock, Tara L. "Social Connectedness and the Impact on Chronic Illness." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/590.
Full textAbstract:
Having a chronic illness may feel alienating, yet examination of the literature shows limited research on social connectedness and health. In order to contribute to the understanding of this impact of illness, I examined perceived levels of social connectedness in persons with chronic diseases (CD), functional somatic syndromes (FSS) and medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). A major focus of this study was to investigate the association of social connectedness with depression, anxiety, and general health in patients with ongoing symptoms of illness. Data collection was obtained through the use of four online surveys collectively known as VOICE (Verification of Coping, Illness and Experience). For the purposes of this study, five measures were used: the Social Connectedness Scale, Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8), Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL) and the Social Impact Scale. Participants were recruited through announcements via online message boards and support groups, as well as through the distribution of brochures in local medical practices. A total of 148 participants (80% female) completed all four surveys. Results indicated that the chronic illness groups did not significantly differ in social connectedness, although there was some indication that the FSS group felt more social isolation. Regression analyses indicated that, while accounting for socio-cultural and health factors, social connectedness was the strongest predictor of depression (β = - .43, p < .001), anxiety (β = -.48, p < .001) and general health (β = .34, p < .001) in chronically ill persons. The independent and robust relationship of social connectedness with psychological and physical health in individuals with chronic illness suggests that this is an important factor deserving of future research with important clinical applications.