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Academic literature on the topic 'Chronic diseases Nutritional aspects'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chronic diseases Nutritional aspects"

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Balestrieri, Paola, Mentore Ribolsi, Michele Pier Luca Guarino, Sara Emerenziani, Annamaria Altomare, and Michele Cicala. "Nutritional Aspects in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020372.

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Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorders of the digestive tract that characteristically develop in adolescence and early adulthood. The reported prevalence of malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients ranges between 20% and 85%. Several factors, including reduced oral food intake, malabsorption, chronic blood and proteins loss, and intestinal bacterial overgrowth, contribute to malnutrition in IBD patients. Poor nutritional status, as well as selective malnutrition or sarcopenia, is associated with poor clinical outcomes, response to therapy and, therefore, quality of life. The nutritional assessment should include a dietetic evaluation with the assessment of daily caloric intake and energy expenditure, radiological assessment, and measurement of functional capacity.
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Keith, Jeanette Newton. "Nutritional Aspects and Clinical Management of Chronic Disorders and Diseases." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.2.344a.

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Caimi, G., C. Carollo, and R. Lo Presti. "Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure." Nutrition Research Reviews 18, no. 1 (June 2005): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr200599.

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AbstractKidney diseases are the ninth leading cause of death in the USA. In these patients cardiovascular mortality is greater than in the general population. This observation, not completely explained by the so-called ‘traditional’ cardiovascular risk factors, lead the authors to postulate other ‘emerging’ ones found in chronic renal failure patients. Among these new findings, nutritional status, considered as the balance existing between nutrient requirements and intakes, plays an important role for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In fact several nutritional parameters are widely known as pathophysiological determinants of cardiovascular disturbances, which are based on accelerated atherosclerosis, due especially to enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic renal failure is a clinical condition that from many points of view seems to be a chronic inflammatory state, and many studies confirm this observation. This influences nutritional status especially in dialysis patients. Malnutrition is related in turn to accelerated atherosclerosis thus leading to a postulated ‘malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis’ (MIA) syndrome in which malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis contribute to an elevated cardiovascular mortality rate. The present review explores this issue, first by describing epidemiological aspects of malnutrition in chronic renal failure patients and then by analysing the specific biochemical and metabolic features of these patients.
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Macit, Melahat S., and Nilüfer Acar-Tek. "Current Perspectives for Diabetes and Allostatic Load: The Role of Nutrition." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 7 (November 12, 2019): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180620164859.

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Allostasis and allostatic load are new concepts explaining the changes in body stemming from chronic stress. These concepts are explained with the assessment of metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neuroendocrine systems. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with the fluctuations in fasting plasma glucose, and also in other various biomarkers and poses a risk forother chronic diseases. The course and duration of the disease, genetic factors, and environmental factors, including nutrition, aggravate these complications. Allostatic load is a multi-system assessment. Individuals’ compliance with the medical nutrition therapy in the short and long-term, changes in anthropometric and biochemical biomarkers that are used to measure the nutritional status. In the monitoring of patients with diabetes, it’s important to assess metabolic, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and immune system biomarkers as well as fasting blood glucose. There exist studies in the literature, investigating the relationship of the allostatic load with socio-economic status, chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, gender, and ethnicity. In these studies, chronic stress, nutritional status, stress, and allostasis are briefly described. In the present literature review, it was aimed to evaluate different aspects of the relationships among diabetes, nutrition, allostatic load, and stress.
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Martínez-López, Erika, Edsaúl Emilio Pérez-Guerrero, Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo, Andres López-Quintero, Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez, and Itzae Adonai Gutiérrez-Hurtado. "Methodological Aspects in Randomized Clinical Trials of Nutritional Interventions." Nutrients 14, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14122365.

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Nutrition is an essential component when promoting human health. Without a doubt, improving the quality of one’s diet can improve one’s quality of life as a whole and help postpone the onset or control of many chronic diseases. The volume of publications in this field has increased in recent years, in line with increased awareness of the importance of nutrition in health; however, the quality of the evidence on which most nutritional guidelines are based remains low, due to errors in conducting nutritional interventions or because the information is primarily derived from observational studies. To enhance the evidence supporting clinical guidelines in nutrition, the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCT) based on nutritional interventions must be improved; nevertheless, due to their heterogeneous nature and a lack of specific guidelines for designing, performing, documenting, and reporting on this type of intervention, conducting a nutritional intervention is a real challenge. Following a review of the literature on the methodological and ethical standards, as well as four extensions of the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines that should be considered when implementing a nutritional intervention, seven essential aspects were identified. The current narrative review includes definitions, examples, diagrams, and algorithms regarding aspects of the appropriate study design, the intervention of the control group, the randomization and blinding processes, the study population selection, as well as a description of the type of intervention and the personnel involved in carrying out the study in order to make the implementation of a nutritional intervention easier.
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Salikova, S. P., V. B. Grinevich, and A. A. Vlasov. "The Modern Aspects of Nutrition during Chronic Heart Failure." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 12 (January 15, 2022): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-196-12-62-73.

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Nutrition occupies one of the important places in the programs of prevention and non-drug therapy of CHF and associated diseases. At the same time, the validity of dietary recommendations to patients regarding salt intake, dietary habits and the use of individual nutraceuticals is questionable. The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date data of clinical and experimental studies concerning sodium restriction, the use of various diets, nutraceuticals, and means for correcting intestinal dysbiosis in CHF. Materials and methods: the articles are searched in the databases eLibraryRU and Medline by key terms and their combinations: “heart failure”, “diet”, “sodium restriction”, “nutraceuticals”, “nutrition”, “cardiac cachexia”, “nutritional support”, “salt”, “dietary supplement”, “probiotic”, “prebiotic”, “enteral nutrition” in Russian and English. We select articles containing the results of clinical and experimental studies published from 1997 to 2021. The research data indicate that the pathogenesis of anorexia, malnutrition and “metabolic remodeling” of the myocardium in CHF is based on complex mechanisms determined by stagnant phenomena in the liver, impaired permeability of the edematous intestinal wall, dysbiosis and chronic systemic infl ammation. The recommendations on the consumption of sodium from 2 to 2.5 g/day and table salt from 5 to 6 g/day in patients with CHF are justified. Limitation of fluid intake is relevant only for decompensation of CHF. The use of the Mediterranean and antihypertensive (DASH) diets is recognized by most authors as a promising direction for the prevention and treatment of CHF. The enrichment of the diet of patients with CHF with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, dietary fibers, polyphenols and saponins is justified. The benefits of enteral nutrition and the complex use of nutraceuticals in order to slow the progression of weight loss, reduce the severity of neurohormonal and pro-inflammatory shifts are shown. Promising trends of research are the creation of personalized diets taking into account the peculiarities of the course of CHF, the nutritional status, the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites.
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Fabozzi, Gemma, Giulia Verdone, Mariachiara Allori, Danilo Cimadomo, Carla Tatone, Liborio Stuppia, Marica Franzago, et al. "Personalized Nutrition in the Management of Female Infertility: New Insights on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091918.

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Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting a mutual association between nutrition and female fertility. Different “fertile” dietary patterns have been studied; however, in humans, conflicting results or weak correlations are often reported, probably because of the individual variations in genome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome and the extent of exposure to different environmental conditions. In this scenario, “precision nutrition”, namely personalized dietary patterns based on deep phenotyping and on metabolomics, microbiome, and nutrigenetics of each case, might be more efficient for infertile patients than applying a generic nutritional approach. In this review, we report on new insights into the nutritional management of infertile patients, discussing the main nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and microbiomic aspects that should be investigated to achieve effective personalized nutritional interventions. Specifically, we will focus on the management of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is associated with several infertility-related diseases.
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Roncevic, Nevenka, Aleksandra Stojadinovic, and Irena Odri. "Chronic diseases in adolescence." Medical review 59, no. 1-2 (2006): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0602033r.

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Introduction. The prevalence of chronic diseases in adolescence is constantly increasing, especially in the last two decades. Adolescence is a period of important changes: body growth and development, sexual development, development of cognitive abilities, change in family relations and between peers, formation of personal identity and personal system of values, making decisions on future occupation etc. Chronic diseases in adolescence. Chronic disorders affect all development issues and represent an additional burden for adolescents. The interaction between chronic disorders and various development issues is complex and two-way: the disease may affect development, and development may affect the disease. Developmental, psychosocial and family factors are of great importance in the treatment of adolescents with chronic disorders. Chronic disorders affect all aspects of adolescent life, including relations with peers, school, nutrition, learning, traveling, entertainment, choice of occupation, plans for the future. Physicians should keep in mind that chronic diseases and their treatment represent only one aspect of person's life. Adolescents with chronic diseases have other needs as well, personal priorities, social roles and they expect these needs to be recognized and respected. Adolescent health care should be adjusted to the life style of adolescents.
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Hussain, M. Iftikhar, Muhammad Farooq, Qamar Abbas Syed, Anum Ishaq, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, and Ashraf A. Hatamleh. "Botany, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Quinoa." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112258.

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Quinoa is a climate-resilient food grain crop that has gained significant importance in the last few years due to its nutritional composition, phytochemical properties and associated health benefits. Quinoa grain is enriched in amino acids, fiber, minerals, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and vitamins. Quinoa possesses different human-health promoting biological substances and nutraceutical molecules. This review synthesizes and summarizes recent findings regarding the nutrition and phytochemical properties of quinoa grains and discusses the associated biological mechanisms. Quinoa grains and grain-based supplements are useful in treating different biological disorders of the human body. Quinoa is being promoted as an exceptionally healthy food and a gluten-free super grain. Quinoa could be used as a biomedicine due to the presence of functional compounds that may help to prevent various chronic diseases. Future research needs to explore the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical aspects of quinoa that might help to control different chronic diseases and to promote human health.
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Moeeni, V., and A. S. Day. "Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease upon Growth in Children and Adolescents." ISRN Pediatrics 2011 (April 5, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/365712.

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The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory processes affecting the gastrointestinal tract. When diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, IBD almost always impacts adversely upon the nutritional state of the patient. Weight loss and impaired linear growth may be present at diagnosis or subsequently. Further potential nutritional consequences in childhood IBD include malnutrition, anaemia, osteopaenia, and delayed puberty. Understanding the nutritional aspects of IBD is paramount in growing children, especially those entering and advancing through puberty. This paper focuses upon the nutritional impacts of IBD in children and adolescents.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chronic diseases Nutritional aspects"

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Haddad, Donna L. "Nutritional status indicators in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67536.

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Malnutrition, as evidenced by low weight for height, low triceps skinfold thickness and low midarm muscle circumference, is prevalent among COPD patients. A stepped decline in nutritional status has been postulated as a mechanism for malnutrition wherein patients progressively suffer weight loss with each COPD exacerbation. A randomized clinical trial of continuous enteral nutrition could not successfully address whether or not the stepped decline in weight can be prevented. Despite this, sixteen patients admitted for a COPD exacerbation, participated in an observational prospective study wherein anthropometric, biochemical, dynamometric, respiratory, general well-being and energy consumption measures were obtained. Twelve patients had body weights below 90% of ideal weight. The mean energy intake was 107% $ pm$ 30 of estimated resting energy expenditure. Measures were repeated to assess changes during hospitalization. Weight change was a poor indicator of nutritional status. Midarm muscle circumference and handgrip strength appear to be useful as nutritional status indicators among unstable hospitalized COPD patients. Changes in handgrip strength and midarm muscle circumference were closely linked (r =.78, p $<$ 0.0005) and tended to decrease over the course of hospitalization despite clinical improvement. In the absence of adequate nutrition, COPD patients have at least as much risk of developing iatrogenic malnutrition as are other hospitalized medical patients.
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Saudny-Unterberger, Helga. "Impact of nutritional support on changes in functional status during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23294.

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Despite the acknowledged importance of nutritional support for COPD patients, it is difficult to accomplish in acutely stressed individuals. A randomized trial of nutritional supplementation during an acute exacerbation was carried out in 16 hospitalized patients for a 2 week period. Six control patients consumed a standard diet supplying 1,951 $ pm$ 130 (mean $ pm$ SEM) kcal and 80 $ pm$ 6 g protein/d, while ten treatment patients, in addition to the usual diet received oral supplements (Ensure) or snacks, resulting in an intake of 2,516 $ pm$ 129 kcal (p = 0.012) and 99 $ pm$ 6 g protein/d (p = 0.059). Although the treatment subjects improved their intake over the control group, no significant improvement in nutritional status occurred in either group.
Forced vital capacity (FVC % predicted) improved significantly over the study period in treated vs control subjects (+11.10 $ pm$ 4.63 vs $-$4.50 $ pm$ 2.14; p = 0.026). Nitrogen balances were calculated for 9 subjects, and all were in negative balance ($-$8.42 $ pm$ 1.74 g nitrogen/d) with no difference between groups.
Because of the high doses of methylprednisolone administered (69.6 $ pm$ 8.3 mg/d), and their known catabolic effects, we examined whether the dose affected nitrogen balance and muscle strength. Both nitrogen balance (r = $-$0.73; p = 0.025) and grip strength (r = $-$0.76; p $<$ 0.001) worsened with higher doses of steroids. The catabolic process may have resulted from elevated energy requirements, inadequate intake of protein and energy or been induced by high doses of steroids.
Hospitalized COPD patients are highly stressed and catabolic, and the means to preventing protein wasting during an acute exacerbation of their disease remains to be established. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Bhunthurat, Anurak. "The Vitamin B-6 Status of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500541/.

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The problem of this study is to determine the vitamin B-6 status of patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Erythrocyte aspartate transaminase assay was the method for measuring vitamin B-6 status. The vitamin B-6 status was examined in thirty subjects (ten COPD subjects and twenty control subjects). An unpaired t-test was used to compare the vitamin B-6 status of the COPD group versus the control group. Four determinants (percentage stimulation, ratio of basal to stimulated activity, basal activity, and stimulated activity) were used to determine vitamin B-6 status in both groups of subjects. Percentage stimulation and ratio of basal to stimulated activity were not significantly different (control group versus COPD group) at the .05 level. However, two of ten COPD subjects had values for percentage stimulation that were two standard deviations above the mean, indicating a poor B-6 status. In contrast, basal activity and stimulated activity of erythrocyte aspartate transaminase were found to be significantly lower at the .05 level in the COPD group than the control group. Therefore, the COPD subjects as a group had some biochemical characteristics of a lower level of vitamin B-6 than the controls.
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Sridhar, Mangalam K. "An investigation into aspects of energy balance and nutritional status of patients with chronic lung disease." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295327.

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Estaquio, Carla. "Scores nutritionnels : méthodes, aspects socio-économiques et association avec l’état nutritionnel et la morbidité dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0782/document.

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Les actions mises en œuvre dans le cadre du Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) suscitent des attentes et des interrogations en termes d’efficacité. Il est donc utile d’apporter des informations concernant l’adhésion de la population aux recommandations et sur l’effet possible de cette adhésion sur l’état de santé. L’adhésion a été mesurée grâce à la construction de deux scores construits a priori sur la base des objectifs de santé publique (FSIPO) ou repères du PNNS (PNNS-GS). Globalement, une meilleure adéquation aux 9 recommandations ou objectifs de santé publique était associée à un statut nutritionnel favorable. Les sujets présentant un score élevé (PNNS-GS ou FSIPO) déclaraient également des habitudes de vie plus saines (tabac, alcool, activité physique) que ceux ayant des scores bas. Une réduction de 36% du risque de maladies chroniques (décès, cancers et maladies cardiovasculaires) a été observée, après huit ans de suivi, chez les hommes ayant un FSIPO élevé. Malgré certaines limites, la validation de scores nutritionnels a priori s’avère indispensable pour convaincre tant les autorités de santé publique que les professionnels de santé et le grand public que tendre vers les recommandations peut être bénéfique tant au niveau individuel que collectif
The actions implemented in the French National Program on Nutrition and Health (PNNS) raise expectations and questions in terms of efficiency. It is therefore useful to provide information about the general public adherence and demonstrate the potential for improving the health status of the population when PNNS nutritional guidelines are followed. Adherence was measured through the construction of two a priori nutritional scores based on the public health goals (FSIPO) or PNNS recommendations (PNNS-GS). A better compliance with recommendations or public health goals was associated with better nutritional status. Subjects with a high score (PNNS-GS or FSIPO) reported healthier lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity) than those with lower scores. A 36% reduction in the risk of chronic disease (death, cancer and cardiovascular disease) was observed after eight years of follow up, among men with high FSIPO. Despite some limitations, validation of a priori nutritional scores is essential to convince both the public health authorities and the general public that the adherence to the PNNS is useful at an individual and collective level
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Maeda, Emiko. "The Effects of Green Smoothie Consumption on Blood Pressure and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/974.

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Chronic diseases are among the leading causes of death globally, and as much as 80% of these deaths are reported to be preventable with proper diet and lifestyle. Although extensive research has demonstrated that the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables offers protective health effects from many chronic illnesses, populations in both developed and developing nations consistently fall short of the recommended intake of 5 or more servings a day. This study investigated the effects of daily consumption of Green Smoothies for 4 consecutive weeks on blood pressure and health-related quality of life. Green Smoothies are a blended drink consisting of fruit, leafy greens and water. The study was a randomized controlled trial with a final sample of 29 volunteer participants. Data were collected at baseline and post-intervention and included anthropometric and physiologic measures, as well as a nutrition survey. The treatment group demonstrated trends toward improvements in waist circumference (p = 0.026), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.05), and symptoms of burden linked to diet (p = 0.04), small intestine (p = 0.04), large intestine (p = 0.05), and mineral needs (p = 0.04). Despite the lack of statistically significant reductions in blood pressure, the trend toward improvements in waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio are considered to be useful and informative of health risk. Thus, the results of this study provide preliminary support for the consumption of Green Smoothies as a possible primary prevention effort for chronic conditions. It may also help to reduce health risks or even reverse the effects of chronic conditions.
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Hinze, Candace. "The role of malnutrition in prolonged respiratory failure : the effect of accelerated nutritional rehabilitation." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22740.

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To investigate the possibility that malnutrition is an important factor that prolongs respiratory failure (PRF), I studied the effects of pharmacologic injections of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), an important anabolic stimulus, on nutritional and respiratory parameters in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than three days. Patients were excluded from consideration if dominating factors known to prolong ventilatory failure had not been stabilized. Over ten months, 106 patients in PRF were evaluated, but only six met the selection criteria. Three patients were randomized to receive standard nutritional support, and three into a group that received the equivalent nutrition plus 5 mg/day of rhGH for 14 days or until withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. Baseline characteristics of the selected patients were divergent as demonstrated by body mass indexes ranging from 14 to 42 (kg/m$ sp2),$ baseline maximal inspiratory pressures (PI$ sb{ max}$ from $-$15 to $-$70 cm H$ sb2$O, and Day 1 N balances from $-$13.5 to 1.2 g N/day. Despite increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, the mean daily N balances of the rhGH-treated group were no better than the controls (1.3 $ pm$ 5.0 vs. 0.4 $ pm$ 2.6 g N/day; Mean $ pm$ SD), nor were there differences in PI$ sb{ max},$ level of ventilatory assistance required, and days to weaning. The persistence of respiratory failure in the overwhelming majority of patients in PRF appears to be due to factors already known to prevent weaning from mechanical ventilation. Even the carefully selected patients enrolled in the present study were insufficiently homogeneous or stable enough to allow proper testing of the experimental hypothesis.
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Chehade, Joyce P. "Nutritional status and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55487.

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The present study was performed to determine whether ongoing oxidative stress in some BPD infants contributes to their increased energy expenditure leading to growth failure. The study consisted of two parts. The first is a descriptive census of BPD infants (n = 38) followed at the outpatient clinics at The Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH). The second is a cross-sectional study of fifteen patients wherein anthropometric parameters, energy intake, and oxidative stress measures (red cell glutathione (GSH) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed. Nine infants with growth failure were compared to six thriving infants with respect to their nutritional and oxidative stress status. Growth failure was defined as weight for age and weight for height for age less than the tenth percentile (z score $ leq - 1).$ Results revealed that the prevalence of growth failure in the BPD infants followed at MCH ranged between 45% and 55%. The mean ($ pm$ SD) energy intakes for thriving and failing to thrive infants expressed as a percent of the recommended nutrient intake were 104 $ pm$ 46% and 133 $ pm$ 35% respectively. Six infants had reduced mean ($ pm$ SD) blood glutathione per hemoglobin (3.63 $ pm$ 0.37 umol/g) compared to adult controls (6.57 $ pm$ 1.04 umol/g). Four of the six infants had growth failure while two were thriving. Fourteen Infants including all failing to thrive infants had elevated mean ($ pm$ SD) plasma MDA levels compared to adult controls (129 $ pm$ 48 vs 55 $ pm$ 3 nmol/l). Differences in oxidative stress markers were not observed between the two groups. These results suggest that growth failure is associated with an increase in caloric consumption and not with a decrease in caloric intake. The preliminary findings on oxidative stress markers suggest a depletion of the GSH antioxidant in some infants and marked lipid peroxidation in the BPD population.
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Power, Harold Michael. "A study of iron nutrition and immunity in infancy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25837.

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Motivation and study design: Iron deficiency is a common condition in infancy, particularly in lower socio-economic groups. In Cape Town it remains a problem in spite of public health measures taken against it: a recent survey found a prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia of 34% in healthy 1-year old term infants who had ready access to a municipal health clinic where iron fortified milk formula is sold at subsidized prices. The consequences of iron deficiency extend beyond anaemia- to involve all organ systems including the immune system. Since Helen Mackay's report in 1928 of a striking decrease in incidents of infection in infants treated with iron, clinicians have assumed that iron deficiency predisposes to infection. Despite a sound theoretical basis for this belief, the clinical evidence for the assumption is poor as studies to date have displayed methodological deficiencies. On the other hand, iron is also essential for the growth of micro-organisms. As such, supplemental iron may predispose to infection. Indeed, there is much laboratory and clinical evidence to show that excess iron can result in the recrudescence of quiescent infections and increase the virulence of newly acquired infections. Thus, the competition between host and parasite may sometimes hinge on the relative availability of iron and it has been speculated that excess iron in infant milk formula may increase susceptibility to infectious diarrhoeal disease. The problem addressed by this thesis was to determine the utility of increasing the level of iron fortification of infant milk formula. Three questions were posed: Does increasing the level of iron fortification of conventional infant milk formula improve the iron nutrition of normal infants fed on the formula? Does increased iron fortification of infant milk formula alter immunity as reflected by incidence of infection and laboratory tests of immune function? Are there any handful effects of increasing the quantity of iron in conventional infant milk formula? A double blind randomized trial was carried out in 1983 and 1984 to answer these questions. A group of 149 healthy, well-nourished infants from a lower socio-economic community of so called Cape Coloureds were followed from the age of 3 months to 1 year. Half of the infants, the Control group, were given a commercially available infant milk formula (Lactogen Full Protein) which has 8.3 mg Fe/ 100 g formula and 37 mg ascorbic acid/ 100 g. The other half of subjects, the Test group, were given the same milk formula but fortified with iron to a concentration of 40 mg Fe/ 100 g. The children were examined every 3 or 4 weeks and any infection or history of infection was noted. Laboratory tests were done at the start of the trial and again on completion. During the trial, laboratory tests were performed only if clinically indicated. The tests included full blood count and differential analysis, red cell zinc protoporphyrin, plasma ferritin, plasma and hair zinc and lymphocyte subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. Within each group, half of the infants were randomly selected for assay of neutrophil bactericidal activity. The other half were assayed for lymphocyte blastogenic response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. Tests of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida antigen and PPD were done and all children and their mothers had antibodies to tetanus and polio determined. Results: 74 infants in the Control group started the trial and 62 completed it. In the Test group, 75 infants began and 70 completed the study. Intake of milk and solid foods was not quantified, but the ages of weaning and of introduction of new foods were determined. The Control and Test groups did not differ significantly on any test item. The mean age of completion of weaning was 3.60 months for the Control group and 4.04 months for the Test group. The Control group was first given meat or fish at a mean age of 5.19 months; the Test. group had meat or fish introduced to their diets at a mean age of 4.36 months. These differences were not statistically significant. The children in the Control group were lighter and shorter than the Test group at the end of the year. Mean standard deviation scores for weight were 0.23 and 0.48 respectively (P = 20%), while for length the SD scores were -0.13 and 0.06 (P = 20%).
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Henriksson, Freddie. "Economic aspects of chronic diseases : multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-5023-7/.

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Books on the topic "Chronic diseases Nutritional aspects"

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Roe, Daphne A. Nutrition and chronic disease. New York, N.Y: Chapman & Hall, 1994.

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General, United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon. The Surgeon General's report on nutrition and health, 1988. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Pub. and Communications, 1989.

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Nutrition therapy for chronic kidney disease. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012.

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1941-, Guarnieri G., Panzetta G, and Toiga G, eds. Metabolic and nutritional abnormalities in kidney disease. Basel: Karger, 1992.

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Rheumatoid arthritis: The infection connection : targeting and treating the cause of chronic illness. Rolling Hills Estates, CA: Satori Press, 2002.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Diet and Health. Diet and health: Implications for reducing chronic disease risk. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1989.

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Hausman, Patricia. Recipe for risk: A critique of the National Research Council's Diet and health report. Washington, D.C: Council for Responsible Nutrition, 1989.

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Johnson, Duke. The optimal health revolution: How inflammation is the root cause of the biggest killers, how the cutting-edge science of nutrigenomics can transform your long-term health. Dallas, Tex: BenBella, 2008.

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Nutrition and disease: An annotated bibliography. New York: Garland Pub., 1991.

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Johnson, Duke, and Duke Johnson. The optimal health revolution: How inflammation is the root cause of the biggest killers, how the cutting-edge science of nutrigenomics can transform your long-term health. Dallas, Tex: BenBella, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chronic diseases Nutritional aspects"

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El-Meidany, Walaa M. R. "Association Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Human Chronic Diseases." In Nutritional Management and Metabolic Aspects of Hyperhomocysteinemia, 133–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57839-8_11.

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Fiaccadori, E., S. Del Canale, and A. Guariglia. "Nutritional and metabolic aspects of COPD." In Respiratory Muscles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 111–23. London: Springer London, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3850-1_11.

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Suresh, Sithara, and Mostafa I. Waly. "Metabolic Role of Hyperhomocysteinemia in the Etiology of Chronic Diseases." In Nutritional Management and Metabolic Aspects of Hyperhomocysteinemia, 51–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57839-8_4.

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Kang, Jing X. "The Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Chronic Diseases: Animal Models and Molecular Aspects." In World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 22–29. Basel: KARGER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000327787.

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Lemieux, Lauren, and Zhaoping Li. "Susceptibility to Common Age-Related Chronic Diseases." In Nutritional Oncology, 403–9. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429317385-18.

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Hughes, Travis, and Amr H. Sawalha. "Autoimmune Diseases." In Epigenetic Aspects of Chronic Diseases, 95–106. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-644-1_6.

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Wirth, Rainer. "Nutritional Support in Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases." In Nutrition in Neurologic Disorders, 105–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53171-7_7.

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Craig, Winston J. "Health Promoting Herbs as Useful Adjuncts to Prevent Chronic Diseases." In Nutritional Health, 237–52. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-226-5_15.

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Smith, Rebecca, and Jonathan Mill. "Epigenetics and Chronic Diseases: An Overview." In Epigenetic Aspects of Chronic Diseases, 1–20. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-644-1_1.

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Durham, Andrew L., and Ian M. Adcock. "Epigenetic Regulation of Asthma and Allergic Diseases." In Epigenetic Aspects of Chronic Diseases, 147–61. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-644-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chronic diseases Nutritional aspects"

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Uribarri, Jaime. "Exogenous Ages, Microbiota and Their Role in Chronic Diseases." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-06976.

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Shah, Radhika, Matt Harmer, Caroline Anderson, and Catherine Westoby. "288 Evaluating nutritional adequacy of dietetic patients with chronic diseases, paediatric chronic kidney disease and Crohn’s disease, focussing on dietary fibre." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.146.

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Vidiasari D, Putri, Bagus Rahmat S, and Rizka Fitriana. "Correlation Between Long Hemodialysis And Nutritional Status Of Chronic Renal Failure In Hemodialysis Unit At Rsud Ulin Banjarmasin." In 2nd Sari Mulia International Conference on Health and Sciences 2017 (SMICHS 2017) � One Health to Address the Problem of Tropical Infectious Diseases in Indonesia. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/smichs-17.2017.26.

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Zhu, Wenyan, and Yu Sun. "SmartDiet: An Intelligent Mobile Application to Assist Diet Control using Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision." In 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing and Applications. Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.122311.

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Studies have shown the importance of diet in correlation with obesity and several chronic diseases. Trying to reduce the incidence of diet related diseases, we designed a mobile application for users to keep track of their nutritional intake and thus promote healthier eating patterns. We implemented a deep learning model into the application that can make predictions when given an image and analyze the nutrients for that food item. The sum of daily nutritional information is displayed to users on the dashboard, as well as a letter grade to help visualize their progress on healthy eating. Every past diet log is saved locally on Shared Preferences for the users to pull up as needed. The users have full control over how to use the application, and it is designed to raise awareness of how much nutrients are suggested daily in comparison to each individual consumption. We evaluated the effectiveness of the application with an experiment to test out its accuracy, and the results supported the application’s potential as well as inspired ideas for future improvements.
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Yulianti, Ika, and Rahmi Padilah. "Association between Maternal Behavior and Child Nutritional Status During the First 1000 Days Of Life in Tarakan, North Kalimantan." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.69.

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ABSTRACT Background: The first 1,000 days of life can be stated as the golden period of growth and development of children. It can prevent problems in adulthood, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic diseases. The maternal role took part as the contributing factor. This study aimed to examine the association of maternal behavior and child nutritional status during the first 1000 days of life. ​​ Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mamburungan Public Health Center, Tarakan, North Kalimantan in May 2019. A total of 63 mothers with toddlers under two-years-old was selected for this study. The dependent variable was the nutritional status of toddlers. The independent variable was maternal behavior during the first 1,000 days of child life. The data were collected by a set of questionnaires. The bivariate analysis was performed by chi- square. Results: Good maternal behavior during the first 1,000 days of life was associated with the improved nutritional status of toddlers under two-years-old, and it was statistically significant (OR= 6.31; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Good maternal behavior during the first 1,000 days of life is associated with the improved nutritional status of toddlers under two-years-old. Keywords: maternal behavior, first 1,000 days of life, toddlers, nutritional status Correspondence: Ika Yulianti. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Jl. Amal Lama No. 1 Tarakan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Email: ikatamaevan@gmail.com. Mobile: +628115440036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.69
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Nurhayati, Risa, Dewi Indriani, and Rahayu Budi Utami. "Postnatal Factors Related to Stunting in Children Under Five, Nganjuk, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.40.

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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional issue with height or age indicator and Z score less than -2 SD. In order not to cause problems, WHO (World Health Organization) recommends a stunting target of less than 20%. Nganjuk Regency is a district with a stunting prevalence of over 20%. Stunting is related to the postnatal incidence that children under 5 experience. This study had the purpose of determining the effect of postnatal factors on the incidence of stunting in Nganjuk Regency, East Java. Subjects and Method: A case control was conducted in Nganjuk Regency, East Java, from May 15 to June 15, 2020. A sample of 450 children under five was selected using fixed sampling of disease, including 150 stunted children (case) and 300 normal children (control). The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth length, breastfeeding, and history of infectious diseases. The data were collected by questionnaires and analysed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Stunting increased with short birth length (OR= 3.14; 95% CI= 2.42 to 3.86; p< 0.0001), no exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 2.31; 95% CI= 1.69 to 2.93; p< 0.001), and infectious disease history (OR= 2.26; 95% CI= 1.61 to 2.91; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Stunting increases with short birth length, no exclusive breastfeeding, and infectious disease history. Keyword: stunting, birth length, breastfeeding, history of infectious disease Correspondence: Risa Nurhayati. Study Program of Nursing Education, School of Sciences Satria Bhakti, Nganjuk, East Java. Email: ners.risa@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282142799100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.40
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Hernandez Barrueta, Tana, Ameer Taha, and Nitin Nitin. "Intact milk fat globules as a dynamic encapsulation matrix for DHA, which in situ produces DHA-derived anti-inflammatory lipids." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lkgi4599.

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Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is proposed as a nutritional intervention to address diseases associated with chronic inflammation, partially owing to its -enzymatically- oxidized products such as epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (EpDPE). Nevertheless, the slow in vivo turnover of DHA to EpDPE might narrow the effectiveness of this approach, leading us to speculate that delivering EpDPE directly could overcome this limitation. We hypothesized that encapsulating DHA into milk fat globules would yield EpDPE, considering the membrane surrounding the globules originates from the epithelial cells in the mammary glands, which contain the enzyme that catalyzes such reaction cytochrome P450. To test this, we first encapsulated DHA into milk fat globules isolated from raw bovine milk, via passive diffusion at room temperature or 4 °C. Then, we quantified free and total oxylipins using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. All five EpDPE targeted [19(20), 16(17), 13(14), 10(11) and 7(8)-EpDPE] were found to be produced. The most abundant one, 19(20)-EpDPE, reached 2.6-2.0 pmol/mg of milk cream after 30 min at the temperatures tested; from this, 40% was in free form and the remaining 60% esterified (i.e. bounded). To the best of our knowledge, this data is the first report of an active cytochrome P450 with epoxidase activity in the milk fat globule from raw bovine milk. Altogether, our results advocate for the use of milk fat globules as a naturally-occurring encapsulation system capable of, upon encapsulation, converting DHA into bioactive lipids with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Liu, Chengcheng. "Strategies on healthy urban planning and construction for challenges of rapid urbanization in China." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/subf4944.

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In the past 40 years, China has experienced the largest and fastest urbanization development in the world. The infrastructure, urban environment and medical services of cities have been improved significantly. The health impacts are manifested in the decrease of the incidence of infectious diseases and the significant increase of the life span of residents. However, the development of urbanization in China has also created many problems, including the increasing pollution of urban environment such as air, water and soil, the disorderly spread of urban construction land, the fragmentation of natural ecological environment, dense population, traffic congestion and so on. With the process of urbanization and motorization, the lifestyle of urban population has changed, and the disease spectrum and the sequence of death causes have changed. Chronic noncommunicable diseases have replaced acute infectious diseases and become the primary threat to urban public health. According to the data published by the famous medical journal The LANCET on China's health care, the economic losses caused by five major non-communicable diseases (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) will reach US$23 trillion between 2012 and 2030, more than twice the total GDP of China in 2015 (US$11.7 trillion). Therefore, China proposes to implement the strategy of "Healthy China" and develop the policy of "integrating health into ten thousand strategies". Integrate health into the whole process of urban and rural planning, construction and governance to form a healthy, equitable and accessible production and living environment. China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. The main strategies from national system design to local planning are as follows. First of all, the top-level design of the country. There are two main points: one point, the formulation of the Healthy China 2030 Plan determines the first batch of 38 pilot healthy cities and practices the strategy of healthy city planning; the other point, formulate and implement the national health city policy and issue the National Healthy City. The evaluation index system evaluates the development of local work from five aspects: environment, society, service, crowd and culture, finds out the weak links in the work in time, and constantly improves the quality of healthy city construction. Secondly, the reform of territorial spatial planning. In order to adapt to the rapid development of urbanization, China urban plan promote the reform of spatial planning system, change the layout of spatial planning into the fine management of space, and promote the sustainable development of cities. To delimit the boundary line of urban development and the red line of urban ecological protection and limit the disorderly spread of urban development as the requirements of space control. The bottom line of urban environmental quality and resource utilization are studied as capacity control and environmental access requirements. The grid management of urban built environment and natural environment is carried out, and the hierarchical and classified management unit is determined. Thirdly, the practice of special planning for local health and medical distribution facilities. In order to embody the equity of health services, including health equity, equity of health services utilization and equity of health resources distribution. For the elderly population, vulnerable groups and patients with chronic diseases, the layout of community health care facilities and intelligent medical treatment are combined to facilitate the "last kilometer" service of health care. Finally, urban repair and ecological restoration design are carried out. From the perspective of people-oriented, on the basis of studying the comfortable construction of urban physical environment, human behavior and the characteristics of human needs, to tackle "urban diseases" and make up for "urban shortboard". China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. Committed to the realization of a constantly developing natural and social environment, and can continue to expand social resources, so that people can enjoy life and give full play to their potential to support each other in the city.
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Sun, Ye, and Zhen Liu. "Human-Centric LED Lighting System Using Ubiquitous Physiological Monitoring." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47530.

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The aging population, prevalence of chronic diseases, and depression are some of the major challenges of current healthcare. The smart home monitoring provides a solution of human-centric out-of-hospital care and calls for more attention to improve the comfort of patients. Among home technologies, electric lighting system is ubiquitous and affecting many aspects of human physiology, including not only visual system but also non-image-forming system. The exposure to light can influence various states of human and lead to effective comforting. This paper presents a human-centric smart lighting system controlled by human state using ubiquitous physiological sensor networks. The proposed system, acting as an intelligent home monitoring component, can naturalistically detect human’s state such as intensiveness, sleepiness, and depression. Vital signals including ECG and its secondary parameters can be acquired by non-intrusive physiological sensors and wirelessly transmitted to a control system. The color of LED can be controlled by the detected human state and adjusted to emotional comfort. The results show that different colors of light can influence human’s state.
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Gaibor, David, Mehdi Goulamaly, Nilu Jariwala, Mark Piontkowski, Mansour Zenouzi, Gergely Sirokman, and Ali Khabari. "Detection of Anomalous Sodium Chloride Concentrations in Perspiration Using Microsensors." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39526.

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It is common knowledge that an early diagnosis of a disease improves the treatment provided to a patient. With the advent of nanotechnology, engineers and scientists are beginning to utilize these nanoscale capabilities in the hope of - early disease detection. Viral, bacterial infections and other chronic diseases seem to alter the concentrations of some compounds present in sweat [1,2]. This project attempts to detect some of these diseases by measuring the variation in salinity of sweat that differs from the commonly accepted level [2]. By creating a low-cost, reusable and portable microsensor, it can then apply the same principles to construct a nanosensor to yield even more accurate results. The electrical signals obtained by the sensor produce data that translates into diagnostic medical results for sweat-related illnesses such as cystic fibrosis [3]. For a deeper and thorough understanding of all aspects of the sensor, multiple concepts for measuring sweat using electrical signals were considered. Ultimately, the concept chosen to measure varying sweat concentrations was through a capacitor. Multiple capacitor designs were simulated to determine the best way of maximizing performance. After the sensors were constructed, they were tested using various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), from 0.1 grams per liter to 5 grams per liter, dissolved in distilled water to mimic the effect of authentic human sweat [4]. The designed sensor is successfully able to determine the likelihood of a person having cystic fibrosis using a sweat sample as their sweat sodium chloride concentration will correspond to an electrical signal obtained throughout the testing process.
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