Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chromium Oxidation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chromium Oxidation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chromium Oxidation"

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Ledoux, Xiaver, Michel Vilasi, Stéphane Mathieu, Pierre Jean Pantiex, Pascal Del-Gallo, and Marc Wanger. "Development of Chromium and Aluminum Coatings on Superalloys by Pack-Cementation Technique." Advanced Materials Research 278 (July 2011): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.278.491.

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Austenitic nickel-iron-chromium based superalloys are materials of choice for high temperature applications as they provide high temperature creep resistance associated with a suitable oxidation behavior in the temperature range of 600-1100°C. However, these properties are not sufficient for applications as Steam Methane Reformer (SMR). As a consequence, aluminum and chromium coatings are developed by the pack-cementation technique to improve their corrosion resistance. The oxidation behavior of the coated samples has been carried out in air at 1050°C. Chromium deposition leads to a layer of bcc chromium-iron solid solution. Oxidation tests indicated that a too high chromium concentration induces a too rapid growth of the chromia layer. In the case of aluminum coatings, a layer of -NiAl is formed at the surface of the alloy. It permits a significant decrease of the oxidation rate.
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Dulińska, D., W. Pawlak, and Z. Grzesik. "The Prospects In Designing New Generation Of High Temperature Coatings In Automobile Engines." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0227.

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AbstractThe influence of the chromium layer with the thickness of 1 micrometer sputter-deposited on the X33CrNiMn23-8 and X50CrMnNiNbN21-9 steel surfaces on the oxidation behavior of these steels has been studied at 1173 K in air, using the microthermogravimetric technique. It has been found that coated materials show very good oxidation resistance under isothermal conditions, comparable with that of chromia formers, due to the formation of Cr2O3scales on their surfaces. It has been also demonstrated that the positive effect of chromium addition on the oxidation resistance of investigated steels is observed during a much longer period of time than the life-time of the chromium coating.
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Galerie, Alain, Jean Pierre Petit, Yves Wouters, Julie Mougin, Anusara Srisrual, and Peggy Y. Hou. "Water Vapour Effects on the Oxidation of Chromia-Forming Alloys." Materials Science Forum 696 (September 2011): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.696.200.

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The electronic properties of chromia scales grown between 800°C and 900°C on chromium metal and chromia-forming ferritic stainless steels were determined using room temperature PhotoElectroChemistry (PEC) experiments and the relative importance of the n- and p-character of the scales could be assessed. According to the thermodynamic previsions of defects structures, the external part of all the scales grown in oxygen exhibits band gap energy around 3.5 eV, with a marked p-type character on chromium and a possibly n-type behaviour on stainless steels. On the contrary, the internal part of the scales is always n-type, with predominant interstitial chromium defects. A major change appears when chromium or stainless steels are oxidised in water vapour-argon mixtures, where the absence of a p‑type semiconductor in the scales could be evidenced. Hydrogen defects are thought to be responsible of this particular behaviour which leads to a strong reduction of residual stresses due to increased high temperature relaxation. Moreover, the inversion of the growth direction resulting from high mobility of the OH defects makes the chromia scales grown in water vapour more adherent than when grown in oxygen.
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Berthod, Patrice, and Lionel Aranda. "Determination of Diffusion Coefficients Using Thermogravimetric Measurements during High Temperature Oxidation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 323-325 (April 2012): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.323-325.289.

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Thermogravimetry measurements associated to concentration profiles allow determining a diffusion coefficient at high temperature of the most oxidable one among the metallic elements belonging to the chemical composition of an alloy. In this work the employed method is described and applied to chromia-forming alloys essentially based on nickel but also to selected cobalt-based and iron-based alloys. More precisely DCrvalues were estimated for chromium diffusing through the carbide-free zones developed during high temperature oxidation. The effects of the base element, of the chromium carbides density and of the dendritic orientations on the chromium diffusion were evidenced.
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Ozdilek, Zehra. "Teaching the properties of chromium's oxidation states with a case study method." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 16, no. 1 (2015): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4rp00176a.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how a mixed-method case study affects pre-service science teachers' awareness of hexavalent chromium pollution and content knowledge about the properties of chromium's different oxidation states. The study was conducted in Turkey with 55 sophomores during the fall semester of 2013–2014. The students were taught using a case study about chromium's properties, the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods used with chromium compounds, the effects of chromium compounds on human health, and the chemical techniques that can be used to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. Open-ended questions were applied to determine the students' pre- and post-knowledge before and after instruction. An open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews showed that the case study had a positive effect on all participants in terms of increasing their awareness of the hazardous effects of hexavalent chromium. Pair sample and independent samplet-test results revealed that the presenting and the audience groups significantly increased their content knowledge after instruction. On the other hand, while there was no statistically significant difference between the groups on verbal questions, there was a difference between the presenting and the audience groups on calculative questions. This finding shows that the mixed-method case instruction might not have affected all subjects in the same way.
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Escudero-Castejon, Lidia, Sergio Sanchez-Segado, Stephen Parirenyatwa, and Animesh Jha. "Formation of Chromium-Containing Molten Salt Phase during Roasting of Chromite Ore with Sodium and Potassium Hydroxides." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2016-0023.

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AbstractChromium has a wide range of applications including metals and alloys manufacturing, pigments, corrosion resistance coatings and leather tanning. The production of chromium chemicals is based on the oxidative alkali roasting of chromite ores, which leads to the formation of water-soluble alkali chromates. Previous investigations reported that when chromite is roasted with soda-ash, a molten salt containing chromium, which is mainly composed of sodium carbonate and sodium chromate (Na2CO3-Na2CrO4 binary mixture), forms under typical roasting conditions. The physical properties of the liquid phase, which are dependent on the temperature, charge and gangue compositions, play an important role on the oxidation reaction and may limit the chromate recovery by hindering the oxygen transport to the reaction interface. This investigation focuses on the alkali roasting of chromite ore at 1,000 oC using NaOH and KOH, followed by water leaching. The influence of the alkali ratio on the chromium extraction yield is analysed, and the results obtained with both hydroxides are compared. Sample characterisation and thermodynamic analysis, including phase diagrams, equilibrium calculations and computation of liquidus curves, are combined with the purpose of studying the formation of the molten salt phase under different roasting conditions and its effect on the final chromium recovery.
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Oze, Christopher, Norman H. Sleep, Robert G. Coleman, and Scott Fendorf. "Anoxic oxidation of chromium." Geology 44, no. 7 (June 1, 2016): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g37844.1.

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Clark, Jeremy N., Douglas R. Glasson, and S. Amarasiri A. Jayaweera. "Oxidation of chromium carbide." Thermochimica Acta 103, no. 1 (July 1986): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(86)80032-6.

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Chandra-ambhorn, Somrerk, Shigenari Hayashi, Laurence Latu-Romain, and Patthranit Wongpromrat. "CHAPTER 4 High Temperature Oxidation of Stainless Steels." Solid State Phenomena 300 (February 2020): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.300.81.

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This chapter is dedicated to the description of high temperature oxidation of both chromia and alumina forming alloys. The defect structures of iron and chromium are firstly reviewed. The effects of elements on stainless steel oxidation behaviour are further addressed. For the chromia-forming stainless steel, the oxidation rate is reduced with the increased silicon content but not in a monotonic manner. Titanium and niobium can reduce breakaway oxidation of Fe–18Cr–10Ni austenitic stainless steel. Titanium can enhance the adhesion of scale to the Fe–18Cr by mechanical keying effect of TiO2 formed at the steel/scale interface. For the alumina-forming stainless steel, the formation of alumina and its transformation during oxidation are reviewed. Chromium can be added to reduce the critical aluminium content in the steels in order to form alumina at high temperatures. The addition of reactive elements with appropriate level can improve scale adhesion and reduce the steel oxidation rate. Refractory element like molybdenum can increase strength of material but also accelerate the oxidation rate of the steels containing reactive elements. The development of new alumina-forming austenitic alloy grades is finally described.
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Dworzański, Wojciech, Ewelina Cholewińska, Bartosz Fotschki, Jerzy Juśkiewicz, Piotr Listos, and Katarzyna Ognik. "Assessment of DNA Methylation and Oxidative Changes in the Heart and Brain of Rats Receiving a High-Fat Diet Supplemented with Various Forms of Chromium." Animals 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091470.

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The aim of the study was to determine how feeding rats a high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium affects DNA methylation and oxidation reactions as well as the histology of heart and brain tissue. The rats received standard diet or high-fat diet and chromium at 0.3 mg/kg body weight (BW) in form of chromium (III) picolinate, chromium (III)-methionine, or nano-sized chromium. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), the level of global DNA methylation and the activity of selected DNA repair enzymes were determined in the blood. In the brain and heart, the content of MDA, PC, 8-OHDG, and levels of global DNA methylation were determined. The brain was subjected to histological examination. The use of a high-fat diet was found to intensify epigenetic changes and oxidation reactions in the heart and brain. It was concluded that epigenetic changes and oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA in the heart and brain of rats resulting from the use of a high-fat diet cannot be limited by supplementing the diet with chromium. It was established that the use of chromium to supplement a high-fat diet intensifies the negative epigenetic and oxidative changes in the heart and brain, especially in the case of chromium nanoparticles.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chromium Oxidation"

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Gould, Peter John. "The high temperature oxidation of chromium and chromium implanted with cerium." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46790.

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Villalobos, Aragon Alejandro. "Using chromium stable isotopes to monitor chromium reactive transport oxidation experiments and field studies /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Sole, Kathryn Clare. "The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of chromium (III) chloride." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004921.

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The kinetic behaviour of anhydrous CrCl₃ in gaseous oxidising atmospheres has been examined in the temperature range 350 to 630°C in order to identify optimum reaction conditions and to establish the mechanism by which the reaction is controlled. The reaction under consideration is CrCl₃ (s) + ¾ O₂ (g) → ½ Cr₂O₃ (s) + ³/₂ Cl₂ (g). The main experimental techniques used were isothermal and programmed-temperature thermogravimetry, supplemented by scanning electron-microscopy, surface-area determinations and porosity measurements. The effects of sample pelletisation, gas flowrate, temperature, oxygen partial pressure, pellet porosity and the addition of other oxide species on the rate and extent of reaction have been studied. The reaction is shown to occur in a single step, starting at -350°C under non-isothermal conditions, and exhibiting a deceleratory rate over most of the reaction. Isothermal thermogravimetric curves were fitted to a number of kinetic rate expressions, and a series of statistical analyses used to identify the rate equation which best describes the experimental data. Supporting evidence was provided by scanning electron-microscopic examination of partially-reacted samples. It is concluded that the reaction is under chemical control, and that reaction occurs by means of a linearly-advancing reactant-product interface. The reaction kinetics can be described by a contracting-geometry rate expression.
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Susanto, Benny Laurensius Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Kinetics of carbide dissolution in chromium + molybdenum steels during oxidation." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Materials Science and Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19385.

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Iron-based alloys containing 15% chromium, 2-3% molybdenum and 0.02-1.7% carbon, consisting of M23C6 and M6C carbides in an austenitic matrix were oxidised at 8500C to study their oxidation resistance and a precipitate-free zone formation. Alloy design was carried out using a thermodynamic software Thermo-Calc. Carbides in these alloys were expected to dissolve during oxidation, releasing chromium required for the protective oxide formation. Decarburisation of the matrix was expected to trigger the carbide dissolution, and form a precipitate-free zone. Transformation of the austenitic into ferritic matrix in the precipitate-free zone was expected be essential for providing a fast chromium supply to the oxide/alloy interface. Upon exposure to pure oxygen, most of the alloys oxidised non-protectively due to the fast oxidation attack and low chromium content in the matrix, while carbide dissolution was too slow. The alloys were then pre-oxidised in H2+10%H2O to grow a purely chromia scale. In this low oxygen partial pressure environment, carbides in the alloy's sub-surface dissolved and formed a ferritic precipitate-free zone. The precipitate dissolution model developed by previous investigators was then tested and proven to be valid in this iron-based alloy system. The endurance of the pre-formed chromia scale with its underlying precipitate-free zone was then tested in pure oxygen environment. All of the alloys that had successfully developed a ferritic precipitate-free zone in the pre-oxidation stage, survived the subsequent oxidation in pure oxygen up until 3 weeks observation. Although x-ray diffraction found some minor iron oxides, the oxide consisted of mainly Cr2O3. Since iron activity had increased and iron oxides had become stable after the pure oxygen gas was introduced, the growth of the precipitate-free zone had to compete with the rate at which it was consumed by oxidation. It was concluded that the transformation from austenite to ferrite at the subsurface region of the alloy could be achieved provided that the volume fraction of the carbides did not exceed 0.2. Evidence indicated that the chromia scale grew by chromium provided by the dissolving carbides. Pre-oxidation led to a promising use of the alloys at atmospheric oxygen pressure.
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JACOB, YVAN PIERRE. "A pre-normative research on the isothermal and cyclic oxidation high temperature oxidation behaviour of chromium." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF22279.

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De nombreux parametres experimentaux intervenant lors de l'oxydation du chrome a haute temperature ont ete etudies afin de comprendre leurs effets sur la croissance et l'integrite de la couche de chromine qui se forme lors de cette oxydation. Hormis les techniques classiques utilisees pour l'etude de l'oxydation a haute temperature, nous nous sommes servis de la methode d'activation nucleaires des couches minces (tla) permettant de quantifier les pertes eventuelles d'oxyde par ecaillage lors d'oxydations isothermes ou cycliques. Le but de ce travail, par l'etude systematique de differents parametres, est de servir de reference et de permettre une comparaison et une traduction correcte des resultats provenant de differentes etudes. Nous avons montre que l'oxydation isotherme du chrome suit un regime parabolique avec une fracturation periodique de la chromine due a une nitruration du metal (diffusion d'azote dans le metal). En cyclage, a 1000\c, nous avons detecte un decollement de l'oxyde principalement dans les angles des echantillons. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence le role benefique du si et negatif du c (present sous forme d'impuretes) sur l'oxydation. En atmosphere humide, l'oxygene de la vapeur d'eau participe a la formation de la chromine. Enfin, nous avons observe que la diffusion aux joints de grains de l'oxyde augmente en presence d'azote et/ou de vapeur d'eau. Plus la frequence de cyclage est faible et plus nous avons un ecaillage important de l'oxyde du a une accumulation des contraintes de croissance. Les echantillons de petites dimensions montrent des decollements proportionnellement plus important lors d'oxydations cycliques a 1000\c. Nous avons egalement montre que la preparation de la surface n'a pas d'effet sur le mecanisme et la vitesse d'oxydation. Enfin l'yttrium implante a un effet benefique uniquement a 800 et 900\c en limitant la prise de masse, la diffusion d'azote et la fracturation de la couche.
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Van, der Merwe Werner. "Ozone treatment of chromium waste materials / Werner van der Merwe." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9392.

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Ozonation, or advanced oxidation processes (utilising ozone decomposition products as oxidants) are widely used in industrial waste water and drinking water treatment plants. In these applications the use of ozone is based on ozone and its decomposition by-products being strong oxidants. A case study revealed that several waterworks in South Africa successfully utilise ozone as a pre-oxidant for the treatment of raw waters. South Africa holds more than three quarters of the world’s viable chromium ore (chromite) reserves. Subsequently the Cr-related industry-within is considerable in size and a major producer of large volumes of waste materials. Chromium also occurs commonly in other industrial waste materials (e.g. fly ash and clinkers originating from coal combustion) and is a natural occurring element in natural sediments, since chromium is the 21st most abundant element in the earth’s crust with an average concentration of approximately 100 ppm. Considering the abundance of natural and anthropogenic Cr-containing materials in South Africa the possibility exists that some of these materials might be suspended in raw water entering water treatment facilities. In this dissertation, the possible oxidation of non-Cr(VI) Cr-containing materials suspended in water during ozonation, is presented within the context of water treatment applications (Chapter 4). The results indicate that in situ formation of hazardous Cr(VI) is possible during aqueous ozonation. pH had a significant influence, since the decomposition products of aqueous O3, i.e. hydroxyl radicals that form at higher pH levels, were found to be predominantly responsible for Cr(VI) formation. Increased ozonation contact time, water temperature and solid loading also resulted in elevated Cr(VI) concentrations being formed. Occasionally these values exceeded the drinking water standard 50 ppb Cr(VI). The results therefore indicate the importance of removing suspended particulates from water prior to ozonation. Additionally, pH-control could be used to mitigate the possible formation of Cr(VI) during ozonation. In Chapter 5, exploratory work is presented on the possibility of utilising Cr(VI) formation via ozonation as a means of recovering chromium from Cr-containing waste materials. Such a study is of particular interest within the local context, considering the large volumes of waste produced by the Cr-related industry in South Africa. This exploratory work is based on the fact that unlike Cr(0) and Cr(III), most Cr(VI) compounds are relatively soluble in water. Cr(VI) is a carcinogen if inhaled, however the probability of negative health effects are substantially reduced if it occurs in solution. Thus a hydrometallurgical route of recovering Cr-units via Cr(VI) generation represents the safest route with regard to Cr(VI) exposure. Such a hydrometallurgical route could also addresses the limitations of the physical separation methods currently applied, which fails to recover fine Cr-containing solids. The degree of Cr2O3-liberation achieved in this exploratory work was relatively low. However, the Cr2O3-liberation achieved for the ferrochromium slag (15%) indicated some promise, considering the limitations of this exploratory work. Several steps can be considered in future studies, which would in all likelihood improve the Cr2O3-liberation further.
Thesis (MSc (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Rogers, Nathan D. "Chromium Oxidation by Disinfectants and Oxidants Used in Drinking Water Treatment." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5028.

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The USEPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Total Chromium in drinking water is 100 μg/L. Total chromium includes both trivalent chromium (Cr(III), a trace nutrient) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI), a probable human carcinogen). The State of California set a Cr(VI)-specific MCL of 10 μg/L in 2014, and USEPA is considering a new federal MCL for Cr(VI). This would have a significant impact on drinking water systems across the US, with estimated annual cost of compliance between $0.6 to 5.1 billion per year. While Cr(VI) is the species of concern for health effects, water utilities must also consider Cr(III) since it can be oxidized to Cr(VI) by various chemicals. This oxidation has been documented for commonly used disinfectants. However, past studies were conducted with higher levels of chromium (e.g., 20 to 500 μg/L) and it is unknown if the reactions proceed at the same rate and extent at the lower concentrations relevant to most water treatment plants (< 10 μg/L). This project, funded by the Water Research Foundation, systematically evaluated the extent of oxidation of Cr(III) by drinking water oxidants under conditions relevant to drinking water utilities. Five oxidants (chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate, and ozone) were tested. Two doses were used for each chemical with their respective reaction times reflecting the typical application of the chemical in treatment. Three different water qualities were evaluated, each at pH 5.5, 7, and 9, and at two different temperatures (5 and 16 °C). Chlorine consistently oxidized an average of 80% of the available Cr(III), with the majority of the oxidation happening within the first 7 hours. Monochloramine did not significantly oxidize Cr(III) at any of the conditions tested. Chlorine dioxide was an effective oxidant at pH 7, with complete oxidation occurring in 6 hours, but was less effective at pH 5.5 and 9. Potassium permanganate achieved complete oxidation in 4 hours at each pH, with pH 7 experiencing the fastest oxidation. Ozone oxidized all available Cr(III) within minutes at all pH values. Quantifying the Cr(III) oxidation as a result of using these oxidants provides understanding of potential Cr(VI) addition into drinking water.
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Wang, Haijuan. "Investigations on the Oxidation of Iron-chromium and Iron-vanadium Molten Alloys." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialens processvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12955.

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With the progress of high alloy steelmaking processes, it is essential to minimize the loss of valuable metals, like chromium and vanadium during the decarburization process, from both economic as well as environmental view points. One unique technique to realize this aim, used in the present work, is the decarburization of high alloy steel grades using oxygen with CO2 in order to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen. In the present work, the investigation on the oxidation of iron-chromium and iron-vanadium molten alloys under CO2-O2 mixtures was carried out and presented in this dissertation. For oxidation study on Fe-Cr molten alloy with CO2-O2 mixtures, on the basis of thermodynamic analysis, energy balance calculation and modeling results, experimental validation in laboratory was carried out, and later on, the oxidation kinetics of Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-C melts under controlled partial pressure of oxygen was investigated. Thermodynamics calculation and energy balance estimation demonstrated that, it is possible to use CO2 or CO2-O2 mixtures as decarburizers during EAF process and high initial carbon contents in the steel can be adopted at the beginning in order to reduce the cost. A generic model has been developed to describe the overall process kinetics prevailing in metallurgical reactors containing liquid metal and gas bubbles. This model is general and can be extended further to consider any gas liquid reactions in any chemical engineering reactor, and especially the metallurgical ones, like AOD. In the present dissertation, the model is applied in predicting the evolution of Cr and C contents in a Fe-C-Cr melt during injection of different O2-CO2 mixtures. The related simulation results illustrated that CO2 is efficient in Cr retention. In order to verify the modeling results, 1kg induction furnace experiments were carried out in the present laboratory. The results indicated that the predictions of the model are in good agreement with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the experimental results indicated that the Cr-losses can be significantly lowered by replacing the oxygen with CO2 in the injected gas, specifically for Fe-Cr-C melts with carbon levels higher than about 0.8 mass%. Subsequently, the oxidation kinetics of Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-C melts was investigated under different CO2-O2 mixtures. It is indicated that, the oxidation rate is controlled by the chemical reaction at the initial stage and the reaction rate can be expressed as  at the Cr range of 11-21 mass% in the Fe-Cr melt. For oxidation study on Fe-V liquid alloy, the investigation of the oxidation kinetics was carried out under CO2-O2 mixtures, which is followed by the study on thermodynamic properties of vanadium containing slags. During oxidation of Fe-V melt, in the case of alloys with vanadium contents exceeding 10 mass%, there exists an incubation period before the chemical reactions prevail the process. In addition, the ‘incubation time’ increased with the increase of temperature and the vanadium content, whereas it decreased with the increase of oxygen partial pressure in the oxidant gas. High-temperature mass spectrometric method was used to determine the activity of the vanadium oxide in CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-V2O3 slags, whereas, the oxidation states of vanadium in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-VOxslag system was studied by XANES method. The results indicated that, higher basicities stabilize higher vanadium oxidation state, whereas, higher temperature stabilizes lower vanadium oxidation state. The present work, which was carried out within the ECO-STEELMAKING project funded by MISTRA via Jernkontoret is expected to lead to implementation of some modifications in high alloy steel production based on fundamental concepts towards more environment-friendly steel processing.

QC20100628

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Soleimani-Dorcheh, Ali [Verfasser]. "Oxidation-Nitridation of Chromium at High Temperatures and its Mitigation by Alloying / Ali Soleimani-Dorcheh." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138178543/34.

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Zimmermann, Janina [Verfasser]. "Atomistic modeling of the oxidation of titanium nitride and cobalt-chromium alloy surfaces / Janina Zimmermann." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1122546599/34.

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Books on the topic "Chromium Oxidation"

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Michalik, Marek. Effect of water vapour on growth and adherence of chromia scales on pure chromium. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, 2007.

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Garfias-Mesias, L. F. Transition from internal oxidation to external oxidation of nickel -chromium alloys. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Barrett, Charles A. High-temperature cyclic oxidation data. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1989.

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Barrett, Charles A. High-temperature cyclic oxidation data. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1989.

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Barrett, Charles A. High-temperature cyclic oxidation data. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1989.

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Oh, Je M. Effect of aloying elements on oxidation of low-chromium alloys. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.

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United States. Bureau of Mines. Effect of Alloying Elements on Oxidation of Low-Chromium Alloys. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory. Total (and speciated) chromium in chromium plating mists: Calorimetric field method using 1,5-diphenylcarbazide, after oxidation with silver(I)-catalysed peroxydisulphate. Bootle: Health and Safety Executive, 1990.

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Kondo, Yasumitsu. High-temperature oxidation of nickel and nickel-chromium alloys at a relatively low temperature. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Oh, Je M. Structural stability and oxidation resistance of substitute alloys with various Cr and Mn levels. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chromium Oxidation"

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Kitajima, Yuri, Shigenari Hayashi, and Toshio Narita. "Phase Equilibria of the Nickel-Aluminium-Chromium System at 1150ºC." In High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005, 103–10. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-409-x.103.

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Bakac, Andreja, Susannah L. Scott, Adam Marchaj, and James H. Espenson. "Activation of Dioxygen by Chromium and Cobalt Complexes." In The Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation, 445. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3000-8_36.

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Muzart, Jacques, and Abdelaziz N’Ait Ajjou. "Chromium(VI) Oxide Catalyzed Oxidations by Tert-Butylhydroperoxide: Benzylic Oxidation Versus Tert-Butylhydroperoxide Decomposition." In The Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation, 471. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3000-8_62.

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Murata, Yoshinori, Masaaki Nakai, K. Nagai, Masahiko Morinaga, Y. Sasaki, and Ryokichi Hashizume. "Beneficial Effect of Impurity Sulfur on High-Temperature Steam Oxidation of High Chromium Ferritic Steels." In High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005, 147–54. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-409-x.147.

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Nagai, K., Masaaki Nakai, Tomonori Kunieda, Yoshinori Murata, Masahiko Morinaga, S. Matsuda, and M. Kanno. "The Relationship between High-Temperature Steam Oxidation and Hydrogen Dissolution in High-Chromium Ferritic Steels." In High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005, 197–204. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-409-x.197.

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Monteiro, Mauricio J., and F. C. Rizzo. "Effect of Chromium Content on the Oxidation Behaviour of High-Speed Steels under Dry and Moist Air Environments." In High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005, 171–80. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-409-x.171.

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Mandal, Anup, and Tapas Kumar Bandyopadhay. "Microstructure, Mechanical and Oxidation Behavior of Niobium Modified 9% Chromium Steel." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016, 787–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_99.

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Mandal, Anup, and Tapas Kumar Bandyopadhay. "Microstructure, Mechanical and Oxidation Behavior of Niobium Modified 9% Chromium Steel." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016, 787–95. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119263722.ch99.

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Liu, Xuan, Jiang Diao, Yong Qiao, Tao Zhang, and Bing Xie. "Indirect Experimental Study on the Oxidation of Hot Metal Bearing Vanadium and Chromium." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 667–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48093-0_82.

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Liu, Xuan, Jiang Diao, Yong Qiao, Tao Zhang, and Bing Xie. "Indirect Experimental Study on the Oxidation of Hot Metal Bearing Vanadium and Chromium." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 667–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274643.ch82.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chromium Oxidation"

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Sobolev, V. V., and J. M. Guilemany. "Mechanisms of Oxidation of Thermally Sprayed Coatings." In ITSC 1999, edited by E. Lugscheider and P. A. Kammer. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1999p0045.

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Abstract This paper investigates the oxidation that occurs during the flight movement of a powder particle and during the spatter solidification in the thermal spray process. The effects of oxidation on droplet flattening, on the mechanical and thermal interactions between spatter and substrate, on spatter morphology, on porosity, and on adhesion are studied. The influence of wetting and oxygen dissolution is analyzed. The experimental results show that during High Velocity Oxy-Fuel spraying of the chromium carbide-nickel-chromium powder, the relative mass of chromium oxide in the coating is about 4.95%. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental observations. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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Guilemany, J. M., and J. A. Calero. "Structural Characterization of Chromium Carbide-Nickel Chromium Coatings Obtained by HVOF-Spraying." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0717.

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Abstract Chromium carbide-nickel chromium coatings produced by HVOF spraying are widely used for high temperature wear and erosion resistant applications. Examination of the literature shows that whilst the mechanical properties of these coatings have been widely investigated, there has been little research into the physical processes occurring during HVOF spraying of this system, such as carbide dissolution, liquid-metallic phase oxidation, decarburisation and rapid solidification. The purpose of the present work has been to perform a systematic characterisation of the chromium carbide-nickel chromium system in both the initial powder and as-sprayed states with a variety of spraying conditions using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction. The presence of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases has been demonstrated. The nanocrystalline structures tend to be Ni rich, with the amorphous phases rich in Cr. Carbides of the form Cr3C2 were found to be dissolved slightly during spraying, increasing the Cr and C contents of the liquid metallic phase. There was no evidence of chromium carbide oxidation.
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Balogun, Fatai, Miranda Aiken, Alireza Namayandeh, Owen Duckworth, and Matthew Polizzotto. "DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON DIMINISHES MANGANESE OXIDE-DRIVEN OXIDATION OF CHROMIUM." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-367257.

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Novak, Mark D., and Carlos G. Levi. "Oxidation and Volatilization of Silicide Coatings for Refractory Niobium Alloys." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42908.

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Degradation mechanisms relevant to hypersonic environments have been investigated for silicide-coated niobium alloys. To assess the suitability of silicide coatings for possible leading edge, scramjet combustor, and vehicle acreage applications, tests were conducted over a range of oxygen and water vapor partial pressures. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the composition of oxide phases. Chemical compositions of both the coatings and resulting oxides have been examined using energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Partial pressures of oxygen and water vapor have been found to influence the oxide composition, which may include silica, chromia, iron niobate, and chromium niobate phases. The formation of volatile oxide and hydroxide species also affects oxidation behavior and coating performance. Thermodynamic models of oxidation and volatilization are used to interpret experimental results.
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Das, Nishith Kumar, and Tetsuo Shoji. "Chromium concentration effect on an alloy surface stability and oxidation initiation." In SNA + MC 2013 - Joint International Conference on Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications + Monte Carlo, edited by D. Caruge, C. Calvin, C. M. Diop, F. Malvagi, and J. C. Trama. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/snamc/201401307.

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Ramachandran, Bala, Shoutian Sun, and Collin Wick. "Oxidation of Iron and Iron-Chromium Surfaces: Preliminary Results from Computational Studies." In 4th Annual International Conference on Materials Science, Metal & Manufacturing (M3 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1857_m317.20.

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Vasiliev, Alexander. "High-Temperature Oxidation Modeling of New Perspective Accident Tolerant Fuel Claddings." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10513.

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Abstract Currently, the comprehension among the specialists and functionaries is getting stronger that the nuclear industry can encounter serious difficulties in development in the case of insufficiently decisive measures to enhance the safety level of nuclear objects. The keen competition with renewable energy sources like wind, solar or geothermal energy takes place presently and is expected to continue in future decades. One of main measures of nuclear safety enhancement could be the drastic renovation of materials used in nuclear industry. The analytical models of high-temperature oxidation of new perspective materials including chromium-nickel-based alloys, zirconium-based cladding with protective chromium coating, FeCrAl alloys and composite claddings on the basis of SiC/SiC in the course of design-basis and beyond-design-basis accidents at nuclear power plants (NPPs) are developed and implemented to severe accident computer running code. The comparison with available experimental data is conducted. The preliminary calculations of nuclear pressurized water reactor loss-of-coolant accidents with new types of claddings demonstrate encouraging results for hydrogen generation rate and integral hydrogen production. It looks optimistic for considerable upgrade of safety level for future generation NPPs using new fuel and cladding materials.
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Rakowski, James M. "The Oxidation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Foils in Humidified Air." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0360.

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Austenitic stainless steels form a protective external chromium oxide scale when exposed to elevated temperatures in air. Laboratory testing of thin stainless steel foil specimens demonstrates that the presence of water vapor decreases the time required for breakaway oxidation to occur. Accelerated oxidation begins after the end of an incubation period, the length of which is affected by the amount of water vapor present. Significant changes in scale microstructure accompany the transition from parabolic to accelerated oxidation.
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Hilerio, I., and M. A. Barron. "Effect of Pre Oxidation on the Sliding Wear of Multi-Component Ferrous Alloys." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81963.

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Presence oxides on sliding surfaces can greatly influence friction and wear. Oxides have been usually considered as a friction and wear reducing agent acting as a solid lubricant. Effects of pre-oxidation, carried out at different temperatures, on the tribological behaviour of a high-speed steel and a high chromium white cast iron sliding against a ceramic material have been studied in this work. Wear was evaluated through a new methodology, which calculates the volume of removed material from topography data of the worn surface. Wear mechanisms were determined by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Results showed a large difference between wear rate of the studied materials. High speed steel had a much lower wear than high chromium white cast iron. However pre-oxidation did not cause any meaningful influence on the tribological behaviour of both material, at least in the conditions evaluated in this work.
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Tuominen, J., P. Vouristo, T. Mäntylä, S. Ahmaniemi, J. Vihinen, and P. H. Andersson. "Corrosion Properties of HVOF Sprayed and Nd-YAG Laser Remelted High-Chromium Nickel-Chromium Coatings." In ITSC2001, edited by Christopher C. Berndt, Khiam A. Khor, and Erich F. Lugscheider. ASM International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p1203.

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Abstract Thermal spray processes are widely used to deposit high-chromium nickel-chromium coatings to improve high temperature oxidation and corrosion behaviour. However, in spite of the efforts made to improve the present spraying techniques, such as HVOF and plasma spraying, these coatings may still exhibit certain defects such as unmelted particles, oxide layers at splat boundaries, porosity and cracks, which are detrimental to corrosion performance in severe operation conditions. Due to low process temperature only mechanical bonding is obtained between the coating and substrate. Laser remelting of the sprayed coatings was studied in order to overcome the drawbacks of sprayed structures and to markedly improve the coating properties. The coating material was high-chromium nickel-chromium alloy, which contains small amounts of molybdenum and boron (53.3%Cr- 42.5%Ni - 2.5%Mo - 0.5%B). The coatings were prepared by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying onto mild steel substrates. High power fiber coupled continuous wave Nd-YAG laser equipped with large beam optics was used to remelt the HVOF sprayed coating using different levels of scanning speed and beam width (10 mm and 20 mm). Coating remelted with the highest traverse speed tended to suffer cracking during rapid solidification inherent to laser processing. However, choosing appropriate laser parameters, non-porous, crack-free coatings with minimal dilution between coating and substrate were produced. Laser remelting resulted in the formation of dense oxide layer on top of the coatings and full homogenization of the sprayed structure. The coatings as-sprayed and after laser remelting were characterized by optical and electron microscopy (OPM, SEM). Dilution between coating and substrate was studied with EDS. The properties of the laser remelted coatings were directly compared with properties of as-sprayed HVOF coatings.
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Reports on the topic "Chromium Oxidation"

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Park, J. H., and K. Natesan. Oxidation behavior of iron-chromium alloys at elevated temperatures: A reactive-element effect. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5071664.

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Park, J. H., and K. Natesan. Oxidation behavior of iron-chromium alloys at elevated temperatures: A reactive-element effect. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10160023.

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Almond, P. M., D. B. Stefanko, and C. A. Langton. Effect Of Oxidation On Chromium Leaching And Redox Capacity Of Slag-Containing Waste Forms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1088991.

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Buelow, Steven J., and Jeanne M. Robinson. Enhanced Sludge Processing of HLW: Hydrothermal Oxidation of Chromium, Technetium, and Complexants by Nitrate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827169.

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Buelow, Steven J., and Jeanne M. Robinson. Enhanced Sludge Processing of HLW: Hydrothermal Oxidation of Chromium, Technetium, and Complexants by Nitrate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827170.

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Buelow, S. J., and J. M. Robinson. Enhanced sludge processing of HLW: Hydrothermal oxidation of chromium, technetium, and complexants by nitrate. 1998 annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13633.

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Yang, Shizhong. Computer Simulation and Experimental Validation on the Oxidation and Sulfate Corrosion Resistance of Novel Chromium Based High Temperature Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1126860.

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Buelow, S. Enhanced sludge processing of HLW: Hydrothermal oxidation of chromium, technetium, and complexants by nitrate. 1997 mid-year progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13632.

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Rapko, B. M., C. H. Delegard, and M. J. Wagner. Oxidative dissolution of chromium from Hanford tank sludges under alkaline conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/555261.

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Rapko, B. M., G. J. Lumetta, and M. J. Wagner. Oxidative dissolution of chromium from Hanford Tank sludges under alkaline conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/266870.

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