Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chromium

Academic literature on the topic 'Chromium'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Chromium"

1

Liu, Yan, Mao Fa Jiang, and De Yong Wang. "Reduction Feature and Selection Principle of Chromium Ore for Stainless Steelmaking in a Smelting Reduction Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 142 (November 2011): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.142.161.

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This paper starts with the mineral structure, reducing properties of chromium ore and the physical and chemical properties of chromium oxide and discusses the requirements of the chemical composition of chromite and confirms the selection principle of chromium ore and reducing agent of chromium ore smelting reduction. The chemical compositions of the available chromite request the relatively high contents of chromium and iron, the lower contents of Al2O3, MgO and P in gangue and the lower Cr/Fe ratio in keeping with the case of high chromium. Chromoium ore in South Africa is considered to be suitable for smelting stainless steel crude melts in a smelting reduction converter. From the reducing power and economy angle, carbon as a reducing agent is more suited to reducing chromium ore.
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Martynenko, V. V., P. O. Kushchenko, I. G. Shulyk, Yu Ye Mishnyova, K. I. Kushchenko, and Yu O. Krakhmal. "Properties dependence of chromia and alumina-chromia-zirconia-silica refractories with a mass fraction of 30 % Cr2O3 on the type of chromium oxide." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 121 (December 30, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.121.03.

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In JSC “URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” chromia refractories for the lining of pool and feeder of glass-making furnaces for the production of glass fiber from E glass, which are in contact with the glass melt, and alumina-chromia-zirconia-silica refractories with 30 % Cr2O3 for service in the topsides of these furnaces, in areas affected by components of the glass batch and glass melt, have been developed and manufactured. The main raw material for the chromia products manufacturing is metallurgical chromium oxide. In the manufacture of alumina-chromia-zirconia-silica products, metallurgical chromium oxide or a mixture of metallurgical and pigment chromium oxide in a ratio of 2 : 1 is used as the chromium oxide component of the batch. The testing of new materials, such as a new grade of chromium oxide, in the technologies of chromia and alumina-chromia-zirconia-silica refractories is relevant. The effect of a new grade of chromium oxide on the properties of chromia refractories has been investigated. It was found that samples of a new grade of chromium oxide, pressed at optimal values of moisture content of the mass and specific pressing pressure, are characterized by a low apparent density of the raw material in comparison with samples made of metallurgical chromium oxide. After firing, samples from chromium oxide of the new grade are not inferior to those of metallurgical chromium oxide in terms of properties, but they have large changes in linear dimensions during firing, which can lead to the formation of cracks, therefore, the issue of obtaining chromia products from mixtures with the replacement of metallurgical chromium oxide with chromium oxide of the new grade in order to increase the apparent density of products requires additional research. A study on the effect of new grade of chromium oxide on the properties of alumina-chromia-zirconia-silica refractories with a content of 30 % Cr2O3 has been carried out. It was established that, in the batch for the manufacture of these refractories, containing metallurgical and pigment chromium oxide, it is possible to completely replace the pigment chromium oxide with chromium oxide of the new grade or to increase the content in the batch of chromium oxide of the new grade instead of a part of metallurgical chromium oxide to the ratio of metallurgical chromium oxide and chromium oxide of the new grade 1 : 2.
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Tripathy, Sunil, Y. Murthy, Veerendra Singh, Saeed Farrokhpay, and Lev Filippov. "Improving the Quality of Ferruginous Chromite Concentrates Via Physical Separation Methods." Minerals 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110667.

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The low chromium-to-iron ratio of chromite ores is an important issue in some chromite deposits. The value of the chromite ore is indeed dictated in the market by its iron, as well as its chromium content. In the present study, a chromite concentrate was reprocessed by gravity (spiral concentrator) and magnetic separation to enhance the chromium-to-iron ratio. Also, detailed characterization studies including automated mineralogy were carried out to better understand the nature of the samples. Enhancing the chromium-to-iron ratio was achieved by using advanced spiral separators which will be discussed in this paper.
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Xiao, Y. Y., L. J. Wang, S. Y. Liu, X. B. He, and K. C. Chou. "Kinetic mechanism of FeCr2O4 reduction in carbon-containing iron melt." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, no. 00 (2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb230215010x.

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Direct alloying of chromium by chromite attracts a lot of interest for its superiority in energy-saving and process simplification. The knowledge of chromium alloying by reduction of FeCr2O4, the main component of chromite, is key to understanding the mechanism of chromium alloying from chromite. The effect of melt composition (carbon and chromium addition) and temperature on the reduction of FeCr2O4 by carbon-containing iron melt was studied. The higher the carbon content is in the melt, the higher chromium recovery is obtained. Similarly, the higher temperature is favourable for the reduction of FeCr2O4. The reduction of FeCr2O4 was impeded by chromium addition due to the lower activity of carbon resulting from the strong attraction between carbon and chromium. The kinetics of FeCr2O4 reduction by carbon dissolving in iron melt were investigated, and the results indicated that the controlling step is the chemical reaction at the FeCr2O4/melt interface at 1823K. And the calculated activation energy for the chemical reaction is 392.82 kJ/mol.
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Kajitvichyanukul, Puangrat, and Chulaluck Changul. "PHOTOCATALYTIC REMOVAL OF TR I- AND HEXA-VALENT CHROMIUM IONS FROM CHROME-ELECTROPL ATING WASTEWATER." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 22, no. 4 (November 11, 2017): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.171.

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A novel technique based on photocatalysis was applied to eliminate chromium ions, a toxic hazardous environmental pollutant. The photoreduction of each species of chromium (total, hexavalent, and trivalent chromiums) from chrome-electroplating wastewater was investigated using a titanium dioxide suspension under irradiation by a low-pressure mercury lamp. The initial concentration of total chromium was 300 mg/l. The applied conditions were the direct photocatalytic reduction process at pH 3.65 and the indirect photocatalytic reduction with added hole scavengers at the same solution pH. Results from both processes were comparatively discussed. Result show that chromium was not efficiently removed by direct photoreduction. In contrast, with the adding of hole scavengers, which were formate ions, the photoreduction of chromium was very favorable. Both hexavalent and trivalent chromiums were efficiently removed. The photocatalytic mechanism is purposed in this study.
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Hu, X., H. Wang, L. Teng, and S. Seetharaman. "Direct chromium alloying by chromite ore with the presence of metallic iron." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 2 (2013): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb120815015h.

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Direct chromium alloying by chromite ore in EAF operation is a promising process in stainless steel production, which has the advantage of resource-saving, energy-saving, and environment-friendly. In the present investigation, iron, carbon, and chromite ore mixture (Fe+C+FeCr2O4) were chosen as the precursor for direct chromium alloying. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of iron content on the reduction kinetics, and the results show that the presence of metallic iron in the precursor will increase the reduction rate of chromite. Up-scaling experiments (100 g and 500 g scale) have been carried out in the induction furnace to further test the effectiveness of using industrial chromite ore for direct chromium alloying. The induction furnace tests confirmed the necessity of adjusting composition of the slags to ensure high yield of chromium in the final products; and chromium yield can reach 90%.
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Kanari, Ndue, Eric Allain, Lev Filippov, Seit Shallari, Frédéric Diot, and Fabrice Patisson. "Reactivity of Low-Grade Chromite Concentrates towards Chlorinating Atmospheres." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 4470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204470.

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The most economically important iron-chromium bearing minerals is chromite. In natural deposits, iron(II) is frequently substituted by magnesium(II) while chromium(III) is replaced by aluminum(III) and/or iron(III) forming a complex chromium bearing material. The majority of mined chromite is intended for the production of ferrochrome which requires a chromite concentrate with high chromium-to-iron ratio. Found mostly in the spinel chromite structure, iron cannot be removed by physical mineral processing methods. In this frame, the present work deals with the reaction of chlorine and chlorine+oxygen with selected samples of chromite concentrates for assessing the reactivity of their components towards chlorinating atmosphere, allowing the preferential removal of iron, hence meeting the chromite metallurgical grade requirements. Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis was used as a reliable approach for the kinetic reactivity investigation. Results indicated a wide difference in the thermal behavior of chromite constituents in a chlorinating atmosphere when considering their respective values of apparent activation energy oscillating from about 60 to 300 kJ/mol as a function of the sample reacted fraction. During the chromite treatment by chlorine in presence of oxygen, chromium was recovered as liquid chromyl chloride by condensation of the reaction gas phase.
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SHIRYAEV, Pavel Borisovich, and Nadezhda Vladimirovna VAKHRUSHEVA. "Genesis of podiform chromitites – a review of models." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2020-2-20-29.

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Relevance of the work. Research aimed at identification of genesis of chromium ores in alpine-type hyperbasites has been conducted by scientists (geologists, petrologists and geochemists) around the world for more than a century. Nevertheless, the issue of their origin remains debatable to this day. The purpose of the work is to highlight the main stages of the development of scientific ideas about the genesis of chromian mineralization in alpinotype hyperbasites; to present and summarize the main, most significant and innovative scientific ideas of Russian and foreign experts who have been involved in this issue. Results. The evolution of scientific views on the genesis of chromic mineralization from the second half of the 19th century is traced. In Russia and abroad, its main stages are highlighted. Throughout this period, some ideas dominated that link the formation of concentrations of ore-forming chrome-spinels with its crystallization from magmatic melt. Major discoveries in earth sciences – the emergence of plate tectonics, the discovery of UHP minerals in chromite-bearing ultrabasites, – intensified the scientific search and led to the emergence of alternative models that consider chromitites as products of metasomatism or metamorphism. Particular attention is paid to the results of research by Russian experts, whose scientific contribution to the development of ideas about the genesis of chromium ores is very large and at the same time, from our point of view, underestimated. This work is intended for geologists, petrologists, and experts in the geology of ore deposits dealing with ultramafic, chromic ores, and ophiolite complexes in general.
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Dong, Guo Ri, and Jian She Liu. "Effects of Trivalent Chromic Ions with Different Concentrations on Settling Volume (SV) of Activated Sludge in the Settling Period of SBR Process." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1258.

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Aiming at the toxicity effect of trivalent chromic ions on activated sludge in SBR process system, by determination of the settling volume SV, the effects of trivalent chromic ions on sludge settling volume SV in the settling period of SBR process was studied. The results show that trivalent chromic ions will make the sludge volume increase under low chromium load. Moreover, the sludge volume will increase with increasing chromium load, but the settling volume of the activated sludge at 30 min begins to increase in waves as chromium load continues to increase. When the chromium load increases to a certain level, the settling volume of the activated sludge at 30 min continues to decline in waves and is finally lower than the sludge settling volume of the contrast system at 30 min. The experiment suggests that trivalent chromic ions have toxicity and flocculation effects to the activated sludge, and the interaction of the two effects leads to the change of the activated sludge in waves as the chromium load increases.
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Pokhrel, Ganga Raj, and Galaxy Pokhre. "Effect of Chromium on Human-Health: A Review." BMC Journal of Scientific Research 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50669.

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This review presents the health effects of chromium on the living organism based on previous studies. Chromium (Cr) belongs to the d-block element in the modern periodic table. Chromium has a wide range of oxidation states ranging from -2 to +6. Chromium mostly exists in the environment as trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+) states. Both trivalent and hexavalent states of chromiums are derived from the industrial effluents. Ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation are the most common routes through which chromium enters the human body. Ion chromatography inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) is mostly used for the speciation analysis of metals. Hexavalent chromium is highly soluble and mobile in alkaline and slightly acidic soils, whereas trivalent chromium is less soluble, adheres to the coarse material on the soil, and precipitates as Cr(III) hydroxide. Hexavalent chromium is more detrimental as compared to trivalent chromium. The detrimental effects of chromium are bronchial asthma, lung cancer, nasal ulcers, skin allergies, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity. To protect from these adverse effects, WHO has suggested a provisional guideline value of chromium as 0.05 mg/L until further information is available and revalued.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chromium"

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Yalcin, Sezgin. "Modeling Chromium Leaching From Chromite Ore Processing Waste." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1053412/index.pdf.

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Chromium has been widely used in many industrial applications. As a result of chromite ore processing, large amounts of chromite ore processing waste (COPW) material that can be classified as hazardous have been produced and released into the environment. Therefore, knowledge of migration behavior and leaching rates of chromium through waste materials and soils are of primary concern for environmentally sound management of land-disposal hazardous wastes. Haskö
k (1998) experimentally studied leaching rates of total Cr and Cr(VI) using laboratory columns packed with chromium COPW material produced by a sodium chromite plant. Based on the experimental results of Haskö
k (1998), present study aim, through mathematical modeling, to understand the dissolution kinetics of chromium during leaching of COPW material and to investigate the effectiveness of intermittent leaching involving a sequence of batch (dissolution) and leaching (mass flushing) operational modes. Obtained results show that a coupled system of two first order differential equations was able to capture the essential characteristics of leaching behavior of COPW material. In addition, the kinetics of chromium dissolution from COPW appeared to be controlled by the difference between aqueous phase concentration and a saturation concentration, by the mass fraction of dissolvable chromium remaining in the solid phase, and finally by the contribution of a constant dissolution rate manifested as a steady-state tailing behavior. As a result of performed simulations it was seen that intermittent leaching could be 65%and 35% more effective than continuous leaching for total Cr and Cr(VI), respectively.
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Eadie, Edward Norman. "Pattern of international trade in chromite and ferrochromium : an historical perspective /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe11.pdf.

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Hall, Mitchell Scott. "Emissions of hexavalent chromium from hard chromium plating operations." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1992. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/20511.

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University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis
This research addressess emissions of hexavalent chromium mist from hard chromium electroplating operations. Most of these emissions are typically captured by a ventilation stack and directed to a pollution control device; those which escape capture are called fugitive emissions. Releases of toxic materials such as hexavalent chromium must be reported annually to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under provisions of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III of 1986 via the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), Form R. The objectives were: (1) to provide estimates of fugitive hexavalent chromium emissions for the completion of Form R; and (2) to develop a predictive model for stack and fugitive emissions versus process and ventilation parameters. The database for stack emissions included published results from EPA studies. Fugitive release data were generated by field characterization at two operating facilities. Supplemental data for stack releases were also obtained during this field activity. The fugitive releases were documented to represent a small portion of the total atmospheric discharge; in most instances, the fugitive releases were less than the detection capability of the smapling/analytical protocols. Stack releases were successfully correlated with a measure of production activity (ampere-hours), production capacity (mass of chromium in the process bath), tank dimensions (plating bath surface area), and ventilation efficiency (ventilation slot area). This effort was supported by the EPA in the form of a cooperative agreement with the American Electropaters and Surface Finishers Society (AESF).
M.S.;
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering;
Environmental Engineering
112 p.
viii, 112 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Villalobos, Aragon Alejandro. "Using chromium stable isotopes to monitor chromium reactive transport oxidation experiments and field studies /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Capozzi, Alexander. "Combustion synthesis of chromium-chromium sulfide CERMETS for ballistic protection." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119535.

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A method was developed to synthesize chromium-chromium sulfide (Cr-CrS) cermets (ceramic-metal composites) without the use of a hot isostatic press. This synthesis method allowed for the production of materials that range from almost pure ceramics to highly metalized cermets. These materials were then impacted under ballistic loading to determine if a change in properties occurred as the cermet became more metalized. Six techniques were developed to increase the quality of cermet samples: controlling the rheology of the molten precursor mixture, vacuum degassing the molten precursor mixture, preheating the mould before pouring in the molten green mixture, using the vortex mixer to process mixtures of higher viscosity, reacting the precursor mixture under high pressure of an inert gas, and directional solidification of the cermet after reaction. Ballistic trials revealed that under certain conditions ductile-like behaviour was observed in Cr-CrS cermets. Perhaps even more interestingly, these tests revealed that even the ceramic phase seemed to support this ductile-like behaviour.
Une technique de synthèse a été développée pour fabriquer des cermets (composites en céramique et métal) de chrome et sulfide de chrome (Cr-CrS) sans avoir besoin d'une presse isostatique. Cette technique peut être employé pour fabriquer des matériaux qui sont presque des céramiques purs jusqu'aux cermets avec une concentration de métal élever. Des échantillons ont été soumis à des tests balistiques pour déterminer si les propriétés du cermet changent avec la concentration de métal. Six techniques ont été développées pour améliorer la qualité des échantillons : contrôle de la rhéologie du mélange précurseur fondu, dégazage sous vide du mélange précurseur fondu, préchauffage de la moule, utilisant un agitateur vortex pour les mélanges de viscosité plus élevée, synthèse du cermet sous haute pression de gaz inerte, et la solidification dirigée du cermet après la réaction. Des essais balistiques ont révélé que, sous certaines conditions, les cermets Cr-CrS—y compris la phase céramique—ont démontré une certaine ductilité.
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Xie, Hong. "Misrepair of Particulate Chromium(VI)-Induced DNA Double Strand Breaks Leads to Neoplastic Transformation." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/XieH2007.pdf.

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Hume, W. Ewan. "Chiral chromium complexes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240480.

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Michalik, Marek Hänsel Michael Quadakkers Willem Joseph. "Effect of water vapour on growth and adherence of chromia scales on pure chromium /." Jülich : Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2007464877.html.

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HajiAli, Afzali Saba. "Reactivity of Chromium with Aluminates: The Quest for Monovalent Chromium Complexes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26078.

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Progress in catalytic ethylene oligmerization and polymerization processes creates an enormously valuable and active field in both industry and academic perspective. From the naive point of view, gathering ethylene molecules to generate carbon carbon bonds can be assumed as the no electron, no energy and facile chemical process which results from interaction of several π-electrons but this process never can afford macro- and micromolecule without applying catalysts. It is no wonder that major efforts have been committed to designing novel catalysts to perform poly- and oligomerization processes, both recently and in the past which provide the extensive library of catalysts today. Among all the metals applied in preparation of homogeneous catalysts for ethylene oligo- and polymerization, chromium has been ideal in providing versatile systems in terms of selectivity and activity for oligomer and polymer productions. In the first part of the current work we chose two different ligand systems (iminopyridine and bisiminophosphine) to investigate the activity of their chromium complexes for ethylene oligmerization and polymerization at different conditions. In addition we took on the substantial challenge of explaining the activities through isolation of intermediates during the catalytic runs. The major focus in this part was rationalizing catalytic behaviour of the catalysts through elucidation of metal oxidation state. To fulfill this goal, syntheses of chromium-aluminate complexes in different valence states as well as description ligand-metal interactions were presented. In the second part of this thesis, our mainly focus of study was on the development in the well- established field of radical chemistry of alkylaluminum. Preferential cation radical and diradical formation and exploring their stabilities through both experimental and computational methods will be discussed. Also continuation of this work led us to report unprecedented double alkylation on the ligand system.
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Gould, Peter John. "The high temperature oxidation of chromium and chromium implanted with cerium." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46790.

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Books on the topic "Chromium"

1

Lepora, Nathan. Chromium. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2005.

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Papp, John F. Chromium. [Washington, D.C.?]: Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1985.

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Papp, John F. Chromium. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

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Roza, Greg. Chromium. New York: Rosen Central, 2008.

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United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine. Chromium. Atlanta, GA: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, 2008.

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Papp, John F. Chromium metal. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1995.

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1834-1870, Keogh James, United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry., and DeLima Associates, eds. Chromium toxicity. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990.

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MD, Keogh James, United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, and DeLima Associates, eds. Chromium toxicity. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990.

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Lausmann, G. A. Chromium Plating. Bad Saulgau: E.G. Leuze, 2007.

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Midwest Research Institute (Kansas City, Mo.) and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards., eds. Chromium emissions from chromium electroplating and chromic acid anodizing operations: Background information for proposed standards. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chromium"

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Kurtz, Wolfgang, and Hans Vanecek. "Chromium." In W Tungsten, 115–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08690-2_19.

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Vasiliu, Monica, and David A. Dixon. "Chromium." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_59-1.

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Vasiliu, Monica, and David A. Dixon. "Chromium." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 255–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_59.

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Crowson, Phillip. "Chromium." In Minerals Handbook 1992–93, 62–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12564-7_10.

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Macmahon, Kathleen. "Chromium." In Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 95–100. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch13.

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Cary, John Havens, Howard I. Maibach, Desmond Burrows, and Jurij J. Hostynek. "Chromium." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_44-2.

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Burrows, D. "Chromium." In Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, 534–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07677-4_67.

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Crowson, Phillip. "Chromium." In Minerals Handbook 1994–95, 62–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13431-1_10.

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Crowson, Phillip. "Chromium." In Minerals Handbook 1996–97, 79–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13793-0_10.

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Turova, Nataliya. "Chromium." In Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, 26–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chromium"

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Humphreys, Greg, Mike Houston, Ren Ng, Randall Frank, Sean Ahern, Peter D. Kirchner, and James T. Klosowski. "Chromium." In ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 courses. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1508044.1508087.

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Humphreys, Greg, Mike Houston, Ren Ng, Randall Frank, Sean Ahern, Peter D. Kirchner, and James T. Klosowski. "Chromium." In the 29th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/566570.566639.

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Kislov, E. V., V. S. Kamenetsky, and E. A. Belousova. "CHROMITITES OF THE MAIN SARANOVSKOYE FIELD, PERM TERRITORY: COMPOSITION AND GENESIS." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2021.95.

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The chromitites mineral composition from the Central ore body of the Main Saranovskoye deposit has been studied. Development of chromite grains in silicate interstices; constancy of its composition, idiomorphism; increased chromium content of small and periphery of large chromite grains; absence of corrosion, substitution with chrome magnetite or chlorite; xenomorphic high chromium chromite; association with chromium-containing minerals and minerals of hydrothermal origin; joint growth of chromite with uvarovite; predominance of minerals with Na and H2O in inclusions in chromite; inclusions of idiomorphic grains and chlorite laths, massicot crystals; the inclusion of laurite with a crystallographically faceted inclusion of chalcocite, chromite in the diabase skarn indicates that chromite was not a source of chromium for other minerals, but was formed together with hydrothermal minerals in the course of a single process. This is also evidenced by the composition of apatite: a high Y content and a negative Eu anomaly.
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Baumann, Peter, Stefan Katzenbeisser, Martin Stopczynski, and Erik Tews. "Disguised Chromium Browser." In CCS'16: 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2994620.2994621.

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Pastukhov, A. M., M. L. Chernyi, and S. Yu Skripchenko. "Extraction of hexavalent chromium from wastewater of chromium production plant." In PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATION (PTI-2018): Proceedings of the V International Young Researchers’ Conference. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5055144.

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Vergason, Gary, M. Fitch, R. Smith, M. Brazil, and T. Jochum. "PVD Chromium Coatings Replacing Decorative Chromium Electroplated Coatings on Plastics." In Society of Vacuum Coaters Annual Technical Conference. Society of Vacuum Coaters, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14332/svc15.proc.1971.

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Zhang, Qing, Guohua Chang, Tianpeng Gao, Haili Sun, Yingquan Chen, Bin Yue, Xisheng Tai, and Wanjiang Li. "Review of Chromium Residue and Chromium-containing Waste Water Treatment." In 2017 6th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-17.2017.75.

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Montavon, G., A. Vardelle, N. Krishnan, P. Ulloa, S. Costil, and H. Liao. "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Thermal-Sprayed and Chromium Electroplated Coatings." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p1399.

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Abstract Electroplated chromium improves corrosion resistance while providing resistance to wear, fatigue and impact. However, hard chromium plating uses chromic acid, which releases fumes containing carcinogenic chromium +6 ions into air during the process. Therefore, numerous efforts have been carried out worldwide in the last decade to develop alternatives and several applications and processes were validated, among which trivalent chromium plating, electroless nickel and nickel alloy coatings, micro-welding, PVD, CVD, and thermal spraying. Nevertheless, these finishing processes have impacts on human health, ecosystems and resources. In this work, a Life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology based on Eco-indicators 99 was used to compare the environmental impacts and benefits of thermal spraying (including APS- and HVOF-sprayed WC-Co coatings and TWEA- and APS-sprayed hard steel coatings) to conventional chromium plating.
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Zhenghong Li, Linna Ma, Ze He, Sheng Zhang, Juan Yu, Lijuan Wang, Wengeng Cao, and Wenzhong Wang. "Chromium-resistant bacteria screening, identification and remediation of chromium contaminated soil." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893603.

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Vignati, Davide A. L., Carole Leguille, Armand Maul, Vincent Normant, Antonin Ambiaud, Yann Sivry, and Aissatou Sow. "Chromium(VI) is More Toxic than Chromium(III): Reality or Myth ?" In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.4339.

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Reports on the topic "Chromium"

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Klueh, R. L., D. J. Alexander, and P. J. Maziasz. Low-chromium reduced-activation chromium-tungsten steels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/414871.

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Kraidich, Elizabeth. Tiered Chromium. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1668.

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Skone, Timothy J. Chromium products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509341.

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Johnson, Thomas M. Chromium isotopes as indicators of hexavalent chromium reduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036716.

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Davis, Harry. High valent chromium (V) and chromium (VI) complexes. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5277.

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Green, Patrick. The chemistry of chromium (VI) and chromium (V) oxide fluorides. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5923.

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May, Lisa M., Theresa A. Hoffman-Till, Joseph K. Prince, Erik K. Vermulen, and Barbara J. Larcom. Occupational Risk from Chromium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329490.

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Sopok, Samuel. Determination of Trivalent Chromium Ions in Chromium Plating Solutions by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada215688.

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LAMBERT, S. L., and J. E. MEACHAM. Chromium wash & leach factors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811857.

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Smith, A. B., and D. Schmidt. Neutron scattering and models: Chromium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/286294.

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