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Academic literature on the topic 'Chromatographie d’exclusion de taille'
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Journal articles on the topic "Chromatographie d’exclusion de taille"
Betz, Hans-Georg. "Contre la mondialisation : xénophobie, politiques identitaires et populisme d’exclusion en Europe occidentale*." Articles 21, no. 2 (January 7, 2003): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000477ar.
Full textDion, Delphine, and Béatrice Tachet. "Dynamiques entre catégories de marchés : une étude de l’(in)visibilité du marché de la mode grande taille." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 35, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0767370119839194.
Full textSéby, Fabienne, Jean Dumont, Christine Gleyzes, Mathieu Menta, Véronique Vacchina, and Maïté Bueno. "Analyse de formes chimiques et de nanoparticules dans les échantillons d’eau : méthodes analytiques, préconcentration et validation." Revue des sciences de l’eau 28, no. 1 (April 21, 2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1030004ar.
Full textMejbri, R., G. Matejka, P. Lafrance, and M. Mazet. "Fractionnement et caractérisation de la matière organique des lixiviats de décharges d'ordures ménagères." Revue des sciences de l'eau 8, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705220ar.
Full textGalzin, AM, D. Graham, and SZ Langer. "Systèmes de transport de la sérotonine et antidépresseurs." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 5, no. 3 (1990): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00003503.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Chromatographie d’exclusion de taille"
Dejaeger, Karlien. "Disinfection by-product formation during drinking water chlorination : identifying organic matter precursors and associated hazards." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR066.pdf.
Full textDisinfection by-products (DBPs) form when dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water reacts with disinfectants, leading to regulated compounds such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). However, unregulated DBPs like iodinated THMs/HAAs, and nitrogenous DBPs, such as haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetamides (HAMs), pose higher health risks, as studies with Chinese Hamster Ovary cells have shown. To control DBP formation in tap water, researchers focus on identifying DBP precursors by fractionating DOM using resins or membranes, though results vary widely. In this thesis, a meta-analysis compares the reactivity of DOM fractions towards (un)regulated DBPs. The meta-analysis reveals that hydrophobic compounds exhibit 10-20% higher reactivity to both THM and HAA formation compared to hydrophilic compounds in waters with high specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254nm (SUVA254 >2). In waters with low SUVA254, both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds have equal reactivity. However, hydrophilic compounds are 20-80% more reactive towards unregulated DBPs. Neither chlorination time nor dose alters this reactivity ratio, but an increase in column capacity factor does. Additionally, dead-end ultrafiltration membranes may not always separate fractions sharply, leading to inconsistent results for DBP formation across groups. To address this, a novel membrane fractionation method was developed. This method was first validated using a size exclusion chromatographic approach (HPSEC) to ensure reliability, considering key factors such as detection limits (19.0µgC dm-3) and the importance of preserving samples for a maximum of two weeks at 4°C. Inorganic carbon removal was achieved by acidifying the sample to pH 6 and purging it with N2. The HPSEC-TOC method proved reliable for DOM fraction analysis in both treated and untreated water sources. Using this method, DOM was separated into three molecular weight (MW) fractions: high (>20kDa), medium (0.3-20kDa), and low (<0.3kDa). A mathematical tool was developed to optimize the protocol and predict the diafiltration factor for each fraction, ensuring consistent results. The method was applied to surface water across three seasons, yielding a fraction up to 50% high MW compounds, a fraction over 80% medium MW compounds, and a fraction containing only low MW compounds. Chlorination and chloramination tests (24h, 1mgCl2 L-1 residual) on these fractions assessed the formation of THMs, HAAs, HANs, HAMs, and nitrosamines. Results showed that the medium MW fraction had the highest overall reactivity. However, the low MW fraction was highly reactive toward di-iodinated THMs, and its reactivity increased with increasing chlorine atoms in the HAA, HAN, and HAM families. The high MW fraction showed the lowest reactivity towards most DBPs, except iodoacetic acid and chloroacetonitrile. Fluorescence spectroscopy further revealed that DBP precursors' chemical properties vary by fraction and disinfection method, suggesting complex reaction mechanisms. A site-specific strategy is recommended to identify the most concerning DBPs, considering both their toxicity and concentration. Finally, the thesis explores the impact of reactive oxygen species on inflammation and oxidative stress pathways induced by HAAs and HAMs. In human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells, lethal concentrations ranged from 12µM for iodoacetamide and iodoacetic acid to 47mM for dichloroacetamide. Primary intestinal epithelial cells from donors with colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, and healthy controls were also exposed to HAAs and HAMs. HAAs triggered oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in cells adjacent to cancerous tissue, while HAMs induced these effects across all cell types. These findings suggest a potential link between DBP exposure and inflammatory bowel disease development, although further validation through RNA sequencing is needed
Degoulet, Christophe. "Taille et forme de macromolecules en solutions diluees : apport de la chromatographie d'exclusion sterique." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066542.
Full textBreitenstein, Johann. "Application de la chromatographie d'exclusion stérique multi-détection à l'étude de la spéciation de la matière organique dissoute en milieu estuarien et côtier Measuring dissolved organic matter in estuarine and marine waters: size-exclusion chromatography with various detection methods, in Environmental Chemistry 15(7), October 2018." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0074.
Full textDissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most important vector of carbon to the ocean.However, DOM is deeply altered during its transit through estuarine waters and its residence time in Coastal waters. The purpose of this thesis is to bring new insights on the DOM composition, role in biogeochemical cycles during land-sea transfer and fate in Coastal areas. DOM analysis was performed with a global and semi-specific tool: size-exclusion chromatography multi-detection (SEC-mDEC), which allow the separation of DOM into six size fractions of different nature. Dynamics of these compounds are studied seasonally in the Aulne estuary and the bay of Brest. The coupling between SEC-mDEC and 3D fluorescence was studied in the estuary.Initially design for freshwater analysis, the adapted SEC-mDEC for estuarine and marine water analyses permitted the demonstration that DOM is involved in several biogeochemical processes. In the Aulne estuary, DOM tracks the contribution of both riverine and marine sources. Substantial changes are made to the DOM by microorganisms and flocculation processes upstream. In the Bay of Brest, ail fractions enable to design a reactivity continuum from the bacterial degradation of the phytoplanktonic bloom.Results demonstrate that the single use of the global dissolved organic carbon is not enough to constrain DOM dynamic in the land-sea continuum
Barakat, Fatima. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour l’analyse d’oligonucléotides thérapeutiques bio-conjugués à des lipides." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0292.
Full textAntisense oligonucleotides (ASO) have the ability to inhibit or modulate the expression of a target gene by various mechanisms. Bioconjugation of ASO with a lipid is a very promising approach which has shown an improvement in the delivery of the antisense sequence and therefore, in the therapeutic efficacy of the oligonucleotide. These new therapeutic agents, lipid oligonucleotides (LON), are amphiphilic molecules and are able to self-assemble to form supramolecular objects. Their pharmaceutical development requires suitable analytical methods to study the purity of the LONs synthesized and to be able to quantify them in the formulations but also to characterize the supramolecular assemblies formed.In this work, different methods were investigated in ion-pairing reversed-phase HPLC and hydrophilic interaction chromatography, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for LON analysis with various chemical structures. Despite the different parameters studied, the asymmetry of the peaks obtained by HPLC limits its use for assays. On the other hand, a quantitative method has been developed and validated in CE in the presence of cyclodextrins (CD). The complexation constant between free LON and CDs as well as the electrophoretic mobility of the complex were determined. Finally, the potential of SEC and CE for the characterization of supramolecular objects of LON was assessed
Rebiere, Jérémy. "Nouvelle méthodologie pour la caractérisation de distributions de masses molaires d'échantillons cellulosiques complexes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0017/document.
Full textCellulose is a very abundant natural biopolymer. According to its origin and to its extraction mode, it presents various cristallinity rate and molar mass. Its organization relies mainly on intermolecular hydrogen bonds that form a strong network and thus limitating cellulose solubility. Complete andnon-degradative dissolution is then complicated and depends on the solvent ability to disrupt these hydrogen bonds. Analysis of the molar mass distribution (MMD) of cellulose by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of cellulose is consequently problematic while the study of the evolution of cellulose molar mass during transformations could be extremely useful in many processes. The most common solvent used in SEC is lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc), which is extremely toxic. The aim of this PhD study is then to develop a new analytical method to characterize cellulose MMD using safer solvents and adapted to all kinds of cellulosic sample. Among the numerous non-derivatizing solvent systems described in the literature, three of themhave been selected. Greener and less toxic than LiCl/DMAc, their ability to dissolve cellulosic sample of various cristallinity and average molar mass without degradation was then tested. Thermogravimetric analyses and viscosimetric studies allowed to evaluate and to compare the modifications involved by the dissolution for four different cellulosic samples. LiCl/DMAc degraded the samples of higher molar mass (-cellulose and Vitacel) decreasing their degree ofpolymerization by 50 % after dissolution. Tetrabutylammonium/dimethylsulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) system allows rapid dissolution of the 4 cellulose samples, without major degradation or modification. TBAF/DMSO system was then studied as solvent for SEC analysis of these cellulose samples. Due to the interactions between the aromatic groups composing the stationary phase with TBAF molecules, the complete system could not be used as eluant. Chosen eluant was then DMSO alone. However, as the TBAF molecules are mandatory for the dissolution of cellulose, TBAF concentration was adapted according to the cellulose nature for the preparation of the samples. For low molar mass cellulose samples, a TBAF concentration of 1 %(w/v) was sufficient and allowed to performed correctly the chromatographic analysis. For the samples of higher molar mass, this concentration was not high enough to complete the dissolution. Using, higher concentrations caused aggregation phenomena resulting in the elution of a large amount of the macromolecules in the dead volume, as observed with the analysis of pullulan standards
Schmitt, Charlène Eva. "Caractérisation de polyacrylamide de hautes masses molaires par fractionnement couplage flux force couplée à la diffusion de la lumière." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3039.
Full textOne method for optimizing the production of hydrocarbon is based on the injection of water, viscosified by the addition of polymers such as polyacrylamides, in order to enhance the oil extraction (EOR). The viscosifying properties of polymers depend on their molecular masses. The aim of this thesis was therefore to develop new methods for determining wide molecular mass distributions and high dispersity, which are specific characteristics of samples of industrial interest in the oil sector. The analytical strategy used is based on size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and flow field flow fractionation (A4F), coupled to light scattering and refractometer. Model polymers were synthesized by a polymerization process by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT/MADIX). This allowed to obtain polymers in a range of molar masses between 103 and 107 g / mol and with a dispersity lower than 1.4. Through the use of these polymers, the capabilities and limitations of the two separation methods invested were evaluated. The A4F operating conditions were determined and this method has proved to be adapted to the analysis of industrial polymers distributed over 3 decades of molecular masses. Beyond the dimensional analysis, A4F-based coupling also allowed conformational analysis
Zoonens, Manuela. "Caractérisation des complexes formés entre le domaine transmembranaire de la protéine OMPA et des polymères amphiphiles, les amphipols : application à l'étude structurale des protéines membranaires par RMN à haute résolution." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066415.
Full textMichodjehoun-Mestres, Laetitia. "Etude des composés phénoliques de la pomme cajou (Anacardium occidentale L. )." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20053.
Full textThe phenolic compounds [monomeric phenols and proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins)] from epidermis and flesh of cashew apple, false fruit of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. ), were studied in four mature gentypes (2 clones from Brazil and 2 varieties from Bénin). Phenolic compounds were extracted with acetone/water (60:40). Monomeric phenols were analysed by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS and condensed tannins were characterized by acid degradation with presence of phloroglucinol and size-exclusion chromatography coupled to light scattering and differential refractometry detectors (HPSEC/MALS/DRI). Monomeric phenols are qualitatively identical in the four genotypes and epidermis seem richer than fleshes. Anthocyanidin glycosides are only present in skins of red and orange pigmented apples, for variety PARAKOU ROUGE (2. 72mg/100 g unpeeled apple) and clone CCP 76 (0. 06 mg/100 g). They are peonidin, petunidin, and cyanidin hexosides. Skins seem richer in condensed tannins (in average 650 mg/100 g for 150 mg/100 g in fleshes). They are prodelphinidins (85%) and all constitutive monomers are in 2,3-cis configuration. The level of galloylation in fleshes (40%) was twice than the skin one (20%) whatever the genotype. The weigth-average molecular weight (Mw) of proanthocyanidins was measured by HPSEC/MALS/DRI: skin and flesh condensed tannins from clone CCP 76 had molecular masses of 13000 ± 760 g/mol and 55000 ± 10200 g/mol
Belot, Vincent. "Accès à une bibliothèque ciblée de n-aryl-thiazoline-2-thiones pour l'établissement d'une nouvelle échelle de taille de substituants usuels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0408.
Full textA steric scale of 20 recurrent groups was established from comparison of rotational barriers on N-(o-substituted-aryl)-thiazoline-2-thione atropisomers. The resulting energy of activation ΔG≠rot reflects the spatial requirement of the ortho substituent borne by the aryl moiety, electronic aspects and external parameters (temperature and solvent) generating negligible contributions. Concerning divergent rankings reported in literature, the great sensitivity of this model allowed to show unambiguously that a methyl appears bigger than a chlorine, and gave the following order in size: CN > OMe > OH. For the very bulky CF3 and iPr groups, constraints in the ground state decreased the expected ΔG≠rot values resulting in a minimization of their apparent sizes
Belot, Vincent. "Accès à une bibliothèque ciblée de n-aryl-thiazoline-2-thiones pour l'établissement d'une nouvelle échelle de taille de substituants usuels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0408/document.
Full textA steric scale of 20 recurrent groups was established from comparison of rotational barriers on N-(o-substituted-aryl)-thiazoline-2-thione atropisomers. The resulting energy of activation ΔG≠rot reflects the spatial requirement of the ortho substituent borne by the aryl moiety, electronic aspects and external parameters (temperature and solvent) generating negligible contributions. Concerning divergent rankings reported in literature, the great sensitivity of this model allowed to show unambiguously that a methyl appears bigger than a chlorine, and gave the following order in size: CN > OMe > OH. For the very bulky CF3 and iPr groups, constraints in the ground state decreased the expected ΔG≠rot values resulting in a minimization of their apparent sizes