Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chromatographie couplée à de la spectrométrie de masse'
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Mendes, Siqueira Anna Luiza. "Apport de la spectrométrie de mobilité ionique couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour la caractérisation de produits pétroliers formulés." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR044.
Full textNowadays, formulated petroleum products such as fuels and lubricants must respond toprecise technical requirements to ensure the best performance, reliability and longevity ofengines while limiting the emission of pollutants. This thesis work focused on the development of analytical methodologies for the identification of polymeric additives in diesel fuels and the characterization of polyalphaolefins. The additive analysis was performed by coupling of liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS), the ionization was performed by electrospray (ESI). After adjusting the experimental parameters, all additives were identified in the diesel fuel without sample preparation. The coupling of liquid chromatography at the critical condition chromatography (LCCC) with mass spectrometry was also evaluated in order to improve the separation of additives from the diesel fuel matrix. The characterization of polyalphaolefins (PAO) was carried out by IMS-MS with ASAP (atmospheric solids analysis probe) or APPI (atmospheric pressure photoionization) sources. With ASAP, in addition to pyrolysis ions, intact species were detected for low PAO grades. In the case of high PAO grades, only pyrolytic fragments were detected, yet it was possible to identify the alphaolefins used to produce the PAOs. In APPI, the use of halogenated solvents and toluene, allowed to observe intact species for high PAO grades through the formation of halogenated adducts. With IMS-MS coupling polyalphaolefins were differentiated the by the study of drift times and full width at half maximum
Roux, Aurélie. "Analyse du métabolome urinaire humain par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066575.
Full textCrepier, Julien. "La chromatographie en phase supercritique couplée avec une détection UV et spectrométrie de masse haute résolution pour l’analyse d’échantillons complexes : application aux bio-huiles." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1050/document.
Full textThis thesis focused on the analysis of bio-oils by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in coupling with a UV detector and a high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Still unknown, this technique is currently not widespread in comparison with gas chromatography. First, an optimization based on the maximization of peak capacity during the analysis of the bio-oil has been put in place. Pressure, temperature, stationary phases and mobile phases were selected to separate a maximum of peaks (more than a hundred peaks) on the widest possible retention window. Once separation optimized, an experimental work of coupling with the mass spectrometry was carried out first on a single quadrupole detector then on a time detector of flight with a linear trap (IT-ToF/MS). MS/MS fragmentation experiments were then carried out to propose an identification of the detected species. The reprocessing of the large number of data generated also necessitated the development of a reprocessing tool adapted to carry out the identification of molecular formulae and to propose developed structures using fragmentation and open-source comparison tools. The last part of this work was devoted to the comparison of the results obtained on a bio-oil by SFC-UV/HMRS, GCxGC-FI/MS and FT-ICR/MS. All of this methodological work has improved our knowledge of this type of SFC-UV / HRM coupling through application examples related to the characterization of ex-biomass complex matrices
Simon, Romain. "La quantification ciblée de protéines et peptides par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : développements analytiques et applications." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875965.
Full textPagés, Jean-Charles. "Analyse de la concentration des androgènes nucléaires dans la prostate humaine par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11039.
Full textDebouit, Charlotte. "Dosage du (±)-VX plasmatique libre par chromatographie liquide couplée à un spectromètre de masse en tandem, application toxicologique et approche de la séparation des énantiomères." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV045.
Full textInnovative analytical methods have been developed to detect and quantify the organophosphorus nerve agent, VX (O-ethyl S–(2(diisopropylamino)ethyl) (methylphosphonothioate)), in plasma using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique. Liquid-liquid extraction of VX from HBSS environment was achieved with excellent yields (> 99%). Next, extraction from plasma was performed and generated a recovery rate of approximately sixty-five percent (65%). Our distinctive extraction methodology was implemented to evaluate the presence of VX in very small quantities of plasma (between 20 to 1000 µL) as in small rodents' experiments. It was followed by an LC-MS/MS analysis in a 100% organic phase. A Lux Cellulose-1 column (Phenomenex) and an Allure biphenyl column (Restek) were tested with detection limit at 0.15 pg/mL and 0.5 pg/mL in plasma (5 µL injected), respectively. Finally, our study was focused on the separation of VX enantiomers and hopeful results were provided using a Lux cellulose-2 column (Phenomenex)
Roy, Sylvie. "Couplage de la chromatographie liquide haute performance et de la spectrométrie de masse." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P035.
Full textLafarge, Patricia. "Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse : principe, réalisation, pratique et intérêt analytique." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P048.
Full textWerner, Erwan. "Analyse du métabolome par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse : application à la recherche de biomarqueurs indirects d’induction enzymatique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114817/document.
Full textThis work is the result of a research partnership between the CEA and Les laboratories Servier. It deals with the characterization of biomarkers of metabolic enzyme induction in rat biofluids using MSbased metabolomics. The first part of this work included methodological developments regarding theacquisition and the processing of metabolic fingerprints. A tool based on autocorrelation matrices wasthen implemented to reduce the redundancy of data generated with mass spectrometry and subsequently accelerate the isolation of discriminating variables. The next step consisted in the evaluation of the combined use of Kendrick mass defects and methylene selectivity as an alternative visualization tool for large data set, which would rely on compound chemical structures. Finally, the last part of the work was dedicated to the identification of discriminating signals raised up by ametabolomic global approach from rat biofluids collected before and after an induction assay
Himbert, Franck. "Purification d'un mélange multicomposés en chromatographie liquide préparative : colonne, injection & couplage à la spectrométrie de masse." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2042.
Full textWerner, Erwan. "Analyse du métabolome par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse : application à la recherche de biomarqueurs indirects d'induction enzymatique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703475.
Full textRobin, Tiphaine. "Mise au point de méthodes de recherche large de xénobiotiques par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0052.
Full textScreening methods for compounds of interest in clinical toxicology have been historically employed as first-line analysis to either confirm or exclude the hypothesis of drug overdose, or poisoning with a toxicant. After identification using a screening method, quantification using specific methods is often necessary in a second time to assess the severity of intoxication. This obviously increases the turnaround time and has an impact on patient care. With regards to the rapidity needed to report results in clinical toxicology, sample extraction may be a limiting step. There is no universal extraction procedure for human samples prior to screening analysis Our goal were to developed screening procedures using a programmable liquid handler (CLAM-2000; Shimadzu®) directly coupled to a liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS 8060; Shimadzu®).Libraries with spectral and chromatographic parameters were built for about 1300 compounds selected based on their relevance to, and occurrence in, clinical toxicology. Using these libraries, screening methods were developed using different acquisition modes.Two different extraction procedures were developed: one using QuEChERS salts, another using the CLAM-2000.Each approach was validated according to the ISO 15189 requirements and was applied to real patient samples. The different screening methods yielded high confidence in compound detection and should be useful in core labs facing clinical toxicology situations where rapid and reliable results are needed
Louvet-Helen, Céline. "Développement d'une méthode analytique de dosage des dioxines et composés apparentés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10123.
Full textVenne, Philippe. "Quantification des ecdystéroïdes et acides rétinoïques chez la puce d’eau (D.magna) par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8570.
Full textLafaye, Alexandra. "Analyse du métabolome par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse : applications en toxicologie et dans la compréhension des systèmes biologiques." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066424.
Full textPons, Alexandre. "Utilisation des dérivés heptafluorobutyrates pour l'analyse qualitative et quantitative des constituants des glycoconjugués par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-207-208.pdf.
Full textMaheux, Maxim. "Stratégies analytiques par chromatographie liquide avec détection en spectrométrie de masse afin d'évaluer l'activité de neuf enzymes du cytochrome P450." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28806/28806.pdf.
Full textPereira, Hélène. "Développement de l'approche métabolomique par couplage chromatographie liquide / spectrométrie de masse : application à la nutrition." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719399.
Full textDelporte, Cédric. "Etude des modifications de l'apolipoprotéine B-100 induites par la myéloperoxydase à l'aide de la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209655.
Full textNéanmoins, le processus par lequel ces lipoprotéines sont modifiées reste hautement controversé. Depuis quelques années, le modèle de modification des LDLs par la myéloperoxydase est apparu comme un modèle physiopathologique contrairement au modèle longuement utilisé de l’oxydation des LDLs par le cuivre. La myéloperoxydase est une enzyme présente dans les granules primaires des neutrophiles mais qui lors d’inflammations chroniques, comme dans l’athérosclérose, peut se retrouver dans le milieu extracellulaire et former un oxydant puissant qui attaque les protéines, les lipides ou les acides nucléiques. Les LDLs modifiées par la myéloperoxydase ne sont plus reconnues par le récepteur membranaire spécifique pour les LDLs. De plus, très peu d’études ont décrit à ce jour les modifications apportées par la myéloperoxydase aux LDLs.
Dans ce contexte, nous avons étudié la spécificité de la myéloperoxydase à modifier les LDLs. Dans ce modèle, la partie protéique de la lipoprotéine est majoritairement touchée. C’est pourquoi nous avons développé et optimisé des méthodes d’analyse par spectrométrie de masse de l’apolipoprotéine B-100, la seule protéine de la LDL. De plus, l’activité de la myéloperoxydase à la surface des LDLs a également été investiguée.
Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la myéloperoxydase s’attaque de manière spécifique aux LDLs et que le modèle chimique utilisant de l’acide hypochloreux pour mimer l’action de la myéloperoxydase n’est pas parfait. Enfin, nous avons également observé des changements dans l’activité enzymatique lorsque la myéloperoxydase est adsorbée à la surface des LDLs.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Larose, Jessica. "Analyse des isomères de F2-isoprostanes par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse dans la circulation maternelle en fin de grossesse." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25559.
Full textUn stress oxydatif survient lorsqu’il y a surproduction de dérivés actifs de l’oxygène par rapport aux défenses antioxydantes. Ce déséquilibre est associé, entre autres, à la prééclampsie, une pathologie de la grossesse. Les F2-isoprostanes regroupent soixante-quatre isomères issus de la peroxydation de l’acide arachidonique. Ceux-ci sont reconnus comme étant les biomarqueurs les plus fiables du stress oxydatif in vivo. Une méthode d’analyse par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem pour le dosage de sept isomères de F2-isoprostanes dans des échantillons de plasma, de sang et de membranes érythrocytaires a été mise au point et validée. Les F2-isoprostanes dans le plasma ont été corrélés positivement avec plusieurs acides gras trans plasmatiques au troisième trimestre de la grossesse. Contre toute attente, les F2-isoprostanes du plasma, du sang et des membranes érythrocytaires sont moins abondants en prééclampsie par rapport aux contrôles en fin de grossesse.
An oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses of the organism. This imbalance has been associated with preeclampsia, a pathology of the mid-to-late pregnancy. Peroxidation of arachidonic acid generates sixty-four isomers of F2-isoprostanes. The latter are recognized as the most reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo. A method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of seven isomers of F2-isoprostanes in plasma samples, whole blood and erythrocyte membranes has been developed and validated. The F2-isoprostanes correlated positively with several trans fatty acids in plasma at end of the pregnancy. Unexpectedly, F2-isoprostanes were less abundant in preeclampsia than in control pregnancies at the third trimester.
Wiest, Laure. "Méthodologies analytiques basées sur la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour la quantification multi-familles de tensioactifs dans les rivières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1138.
Full textThe number of chemicals on the market is increasing every year. Moreover, they are more and more complex and the formulations contain mixtures that are finally disseminated in various compartments of the environment. Among these micropollutants, surfactants present some particularities. First, surfactants are complex mixtures of homologues and isomers whose composition depends on the raw materials and the synthesis processes used. Secondly, some, such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and triethanolamine esterquats (TEAQ), are used in very large quantities, which may induce "pseudo-persistence" in the receiving environments. Finally, the fields of application of surfactants are extremely varied, ranging from domestic to industrial, agricultural and hospital, which suggests a large number of sources of transfer to the environment. The data concerning their occurrence are very heterogeneous according to the families, and some types of surfactants have never been looked for in rivers until now. The objective of this thesis was therefore to develop sensitive and reliable analytical methodologies to fill this knowledge gap concerning the occurrence of surfactants in the environment. In order to obtain sufficient sensitivity, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was first optimized. Contamination of instrumental blanks, in particular by anionic surfactants, at concentrations between 0.1 µg/L and 3 µg/L was observed. As the limits of quantification (LOQ) were still too high compared to the PNEC, a pre-concentration step by solid phase extraction was developed for the analysis in river water. For sediment analysis, an ultrasound-assisted extraction was optimized and validated. With LOQs between 0.015 and 0.485 µg/L for water and between 6.4 and 158 µg/kg for sediment, the analytical performances obtained are compatible with trace analysis. The application of these methodologies to river waters and sediments sampled in France showed a high occurrence of surfactants in these media. In particular, LAS have both high quantification frequencies and high mean concentration to PNEC ratios, and therefore represent a significant risk to ecosystems
Rochut, Nadège. "Analyse des somatotropines endogènes et recombinantes dans l'espèce bovine par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : application au contrôle de leur utilisation illégale en élevage." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2005.
Full textWithin the control of growth promoters illegally used in animal production, the french reference laboratory (LABERCA) has decided to direct one of its research topics towards the study of protein hormones : the somatropins. Mass spectrometry was used to determine exogenous character of recombinant somatotropins
Dubois, Mathieu. "Développement de techniques analytiques pour l'évaluation des protéines thérapeutiques et des biomarqueurs par spectrométrie de masse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341749.
Full textDelpuech, Aude. "Etude de la détection de molécules organiques duales par microextraction en phase solide et chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066068.
Full textFavetta, Patrick. "Étude du métabolisme du propofol chez l'homme : intérêt des systèmes de couplage chromatographie-spectrométrie de masse." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T057.
Full textDucruix, Céline. "Analyse du métabolome par chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse : application à la recherche de biomarqueurs et à la compréhension des systèmes biologiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066255.
Full textAntignac, Jean-Philippe. "Dosage et étude du métabolisme des corticostéroi͏̈des dans l'espèce bovine par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : application au contrôle de leur utilisation illégale en élevage." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2078.
Full textFifty years after the discovery of natural corticosteroid hormones and their anti-inflammatory properties, many synthetic derivatives of these molecules are today available. Most of them are widely used in human and veterinary medicines, in a legal but regulated scope. These compounds are also susceptible to be used as growth promoters, this utilisation remaining illegal in Europe. Consequently, an analytical method dedicated to the control of the utilisation of corticosteroids in cattle has been developed. In this analytical way, the present study permitted to propose a method based on LC-MS/MS measurement of corticosteroid residues in urine, tissue and hair samples
Hoja, Harald. "Application du couplage chromatographie liquide-spectrométrie de masse à la toxicologie analytique : intérêt des interfaces à pression atmosphérique." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO302B.
Full textPerson, Marine de. "Analyse par chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse d'acides aminés et de petits peptides non dérivés dans des matrices agroalimentaires : développement et validation de méthodes." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2035.
Full textMéjean, Marie. "Développement d’un couplage de chromatographie en phase supercritique et spectrométrie de masse pour l’analyse de substances naturelles." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114829/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD project was to couple supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a high resolution mass spectrometer for apolar natural compounds analysis. Because mobile phase is principally constituted of CO2, SFC is called “green technic” contrary to normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC), which uses lot of organic solvents toxic for environment. The CO2 presents a low viscosity, in this way high diffusivity and flow rate, and lower analysis times are obtained. Our work was focused on apolar molecules: the lipids. The aim was to quantify molecules in alimentary and biological matrices and to a lipidomic approach to study Parkinson disease. The first part was to develop the system SFC with a UV detection on a system on loan by Agilent Technologies. This first study was carried out on 6 vitamin A compounds. An optimization of chromatographic parameters has been realized in order to obtain a good separation of the compounds. Then, linearity, repeatability, detection and quantification limits have been determined in order to have a reliable and robust method. A second part concerned the coupling of SFC and a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF), in order to improve specificity and sensitivity of analysis. Different ionization sources have been tested: ESI, APCI and APPI. Each ion source presents different ionization mode, which permits to analyze a wide range of polarities of compounds. We have chosen 8 vitamin E derivatives, which are apolar compounds for which SFC seems to be well suited. Separation compounds have been optimized in order to have a good chromatographic resolution and a short analysis time. This compounds ionization is realized with the 3 sources, varying ionization parameters and make-up solvent, to have an optimal sensitivity. The APPI source has been chosen after a performance evaluation method. This source presents a good repeatability, linearity and detection limit in the same order of magnitude than those found in the literature by HPLC-MS. Then we have quantified these compounds in alimentary and biological matrices: a soya oil and plasma rat. A third study has been started on lipid profiling with various polarities by SFC-MS. This technic is well suited because of the low polarity of this molecules and their lack of absorbance in the UV range. The integrity of lipids can be altered with damages caused by free radicals, and are potentially involved in neurodegenerative diseases. It is essential to develop analytical systems with a high sensitivity and resolution and the possibility to access to structural information. The ESI source permits to detect 12 lipids on the 20 sub-classes analyzed in positive ion mode and 8 lipids in negative mode. An application has been realized on human plasma. In the future, it will be interesting to analyze these lipids with the APPI source, which is good choice for structural analysis of lipids, with good sensitivity and repeatability. Studies with this SFC-MS system, presenting good sensitivity and repeatability, will be extended to lipid analysis in biological matrices and could be applied to new biomarkers study and for fast screening of a large number of samples
Lamrini, El-Uahhabi Rachid. "Étude d'un modèle cellulaire et de deux modèles acellulaires de production d'espèces oxygénées réactives : intérêt de la mesure du rapport isotopique 13C-12C par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse isotopique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T186.
Full textMachon, Christelle. "Quantification des pools de nucléotides à l'aide de la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem : applications à l'étude de la progression tumorale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10217/document.
Full textNucleotides, term including nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates, are endogenous compounds playing various roles in biology. They are components of nucleic acids, provide energy to metabolic reactions and act as carriers or second messenger. The study of endogenous nucleotides has become of great interest in physiological and pathological conditions. We developed a method for the quantification of endogenous nucleotides, using an on-line extraction on a WAX column coupled with LC-MS/MS. Analytical separation is performed on a Hypercarb column, without ion pairing agent in the mobile phase. The use of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer following positive mode ionization allows the unambiguous identification of nucleotides presenting the same mass. Extraction and separation of nucleotides are achieved within 20 min and the method including re-equilibration of the two columns within 37 min. The method was validated for the quantification of nucleoside mono- and triphosphates, and could be applied to series of more than twenty biological samples. Secondly, in a study based on design of experiments, pre-analytical parameters influencing results of intracellular nucleotides were compared in four cell lines. We demonstrated that optimal pre-analytical parameters depend on cell lines. This clearly highlights the importance of pre- analytical conditions for the quantification of intracellular nucleotides to be as representative as possible of the real levels in cells. Then, thanks to experience acquired during the development and the validation of the analytical method, scientific collaborations have been established with several cancer research teams. For example, implication of nucleotide metabolism in replicative stress induced by oxidative stress or in the metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells was studied. Results obtained by our analytical approach were complementary to those obtained by other techniques. To conclude, our work consisted on the study of the entire workflow for the analysis of endogenous nucleotides in various biological samples
Roux, Aurélie. "ANALYSE DU METABOLOME URINAIRE HUMAIN PAR CHROMATOGRAPHIE LIQUIDE COUPLEE A LA SPECTROMETRIE DE MASSE A HAUTE RESOLUTION." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00641529.
Full textGnansounou, Senankpon Martial. "Etude des activités anti-inflammatoire, antioxydante et screening par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse d’extraits éthanoliques de trois fabacées du Bénin : isolement de molécules bioactives." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0603.
Full textIn a context of infectious diseases resurgence, our study focused on therapeutic potential of Dialium guineense, Parkia biglobosa and Tamarindus indica in order to search for bioactive molecules that can counter antibiotic resistance or its corollaries. The state of the art of on bioactive molecules from the three plants has shown that many families of compounds are identified in different aerial organs. However, the link with biological activities remains unclear. Next, we evaluated some biological activities of ethanolic or hydroethanolic extracts of leaves, fruits and bark. With good cell viability levels, extracts of D. guineense (bark) as well as those of P. biglobosa (leaves) and T. indica (bark) have anti-inflammatory activity ratios of 458.2; 161 and 174.6 respectively. These values are higher than that of dexamethasone used as positive control. The KRL test showed dose-dependent antiradical activity in the range of 0 to 20mg / L. In vitro, 1 g of each of the abovementioned extracts has an antioxidant capacity respectively equivalent to 1585 ; 2092 ; 5071 and 2246 mg of Trolox. The extracts were then analyzed by GC-MS revealing for the first time the presence of lupeol and sitosterol in the bark of D. guineense. Finally, the nutritional study of the three fruits reveals, through the high levels of nutrients (80% sugar for D. guineense), their possible contribution to fight malnutrition in Benin and the need of their conservation. Keywords : Infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, bioactive molecules
Delmotte, Nathanaël. "Développement de méthodes chromatographiques liquides multidimensionnelles couplées à la spectrométrie de masse, préparation et analyse d'échantillons biologiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193714.
Full textSix matériaux à accès restreints ont été évalués en fonction de leur aptitude à exclure l'hémoglobine d'hémolysats sanguins. Des injections à différents pH ont montré que la rétention de l'hémoglobine est drastiquement restreinte à pH 10,7. En raison d'une bonne stabilité à pH basique, la colonne polymérique Biotrap 500 MS RAM a été retenue pour l'extraction d'antibiotiques d'hémolysats sanguins. Des extractions quantitatives d'analytes à faibles concentrations (200 pg/μL) ont été réalisées sans effet mémoire d'hémoglobine sur la colonne.
Un nouveau système 2D-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS pour l'analyse protéomique a été développé. Le système est composé d'une séparation par RP-HPLC à pH 10,0, suivie d'une séparation par IP-RP-HPLC à pH 2,1. Ce nouveau système a été comparé à un système conventionnel SCX x IP-RP-HPLC. L'orthogonalité des méthodes de séparation est plus élevée dans l'approche SCX x IP-RP-HPLC que dans le schéma RP x IP-RP-HPLC. Cependant, en raison d'une meilleure distribution des peptides et d'une meilleure efficacité de séparation, le système RP x IP-RP-HPLC permet d'identifier significativement plus de peptides. Les deux approches sont complémentaires et une combinaison des deux systèmes permet d'identifier plus de peptides que des analyses répétées par un système unique.
Delalande, François. "Application du couplage chromatographie liquide-spectrométrie de masse à l'étude de la biodisponibilité de peptides issus de produits laitiers et à la protéomique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13068.
Full textThe LC-MS coupling has arisen as a method of choice for the quantification of molecules in a matrix, the determination of the primary sequences of peptides and proteins and for the establishment of post-traductional modifications. The progress realized both at the LC and at the MS level have revolutionized the biology allowing the identification of femtomolar amounts of proteins separated by 2-D electrophoresis in the context of proteomic studies and the detection of molecules of interest with always more sensibility for example in biological fluids (plasma, urine, cerebro-spinal liquid)My PhD work consisted in the choice and the perfecting of instrumental and analytical strategies by a deep optimisation of alls the parameters of the LC-MS and LC-MS-MS coupling. The first part relates to the experimental perfecting of the microLC-MS(-MS) technics for the characterization of peptidic compounds and the measurement of their biodisponibility. The second part focuses on the development, the optimisation and the use of the nanoLC-MS-MS for proteomic studies with a first proteomic study aimed at characterizing the interactions between rice and the rice yellow mottle virus. This work has permitted, thanks to Maldi-MS and LC-MS-MS technics, to show up the rice proteins that are recruited by the capsid proteins of the virus and to identify the proteins differentially expressed depending an the rice cultivars (resistant/sensitive). The second proteomic study concerns the characterization of expression markers linked to the abnormality "Mantled" by the oil palm needing de novo sequencing. To conclude, we have used the multiple potentialities of the microLC-MS and the nanoLC-MS-MS coupling to reply to diverse biological problems. These responses could have been obtained only thanks to the perfecting of particular methodologies
Berahia, Tahar. "Comportement par couplage chromatographie gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse et activité antioxydante de polyméthoxyflavones : application aux huiles essentielles de Citrus sinensis." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30034.
Full textBoulenguer, Patrick. "Applications de la spectrométrie de masse, du couplage LC-MS et de la chromatographie en phase supercritique à l'étude des dérivés glucidiques." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10142.
Full textRoy, Sandrine. "Analyse des bio-marqueurs de la maladie de Fabry par techniques séparatives couplées et spectrométrie de masse." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114841.
Full textFabry disease in an X-linked inborn error of neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) metabolism, caused by a deficiency of the lysomal α-galactosidase A, wich results in high levels of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and galabiosylceramide (Ga2). Different techniques are developed to analyse lipid classes and molecular species in each lipid class. First, we optimised the separation of four major neutral GSLs. An HPLC separation combined with evaporative light-scattering detection allowed the detection of urinary globotriaosylceramide in urinary sediments of patients. Second, we analysed the different molecular species of Gb3 and Ga2 in urinary sediments with tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI Q-TOF and HPLC APPI MS-MS). About twenty molecular species are identified for Gaé and Gb3. Third, these lipids were analysed directly on the surface of tissue sections. MALDI-TOF ond cluster-TOF-SIMS imaging approaches were used to obtain the localization of GSLs on skin and kidney sections of patients affected by the Fabry disease
Barges, Causeret Nathalie. "Contribution à l'étude du passage ophtalmosystémique des sels de morphine : prélèvement du film lacrymal et dosage de la morphine par chromatographie phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P140.
Full textMcSheehy, Shona. "Identification des espèces organiques d'arsenic et de sélénium dans les matrices biologiques par chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. : ICP MS et électrospray MS/MS." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3032.
Full textLedauphin, Jérôme. "Caractérisation chimique et sensorielle de Calvados "sortie alambic" : Identification des composés volatils et des marqueurs olfactifs par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse et olfactométrie." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2027.
Full textAros, Sandrine. "Analyse métabolomique de S. aureus par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution : Développements analytiques et applications à l’étude de la résistance à la méticilline." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS013.
Full textThe mortality rate associated with Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the highest among the staphylococcal infections. A better understanding of antibiotic resistance phenomena would lead to better detect these bacteria and design new antibiotics. In this context, this PhD work aimed to study the MRSA phenotype by using a metabolomics approach. The first part of this work has been dedicated to developing a global metabolomic analysis of S. aureus: i.e., the setting up of a reliable sample preparation protocol, the development of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry methods, and the implementation of a dedicated spectral database. Under these conditions, 210 metabolites have been extracted and identified in bacterial cell extracts, which is the widest metabolic coverage of S. aureus obtained to date.Secondly, we have performed a metabolomic study of MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. Aureus (MSSA) strains. The analysis of 24 clinical strains has allowed us to highlight a metabolic signature of MRSA phenotype of which metabolites involved in bacterial wall and capsule biosynthesis pathways were part. The complete genome sequencing of these 24 strains combined with the complementary study of 16 MRSA strains of different genetic backgrounds have reinforced the relevance of this metabolic signature. Finally, the study of isogenic strains in the presence of an antibiotic has confirmed the involvement of metabolites of the wall and capsule biosynthesis pathways in the distinction of MRSA/MSSA phenotypes
Pailleux, Floriane. "Étude des tachykinines et de leurs dérivés peptidiques associés à la douleur neuropathique grâce à l'utilisation de modèles animaux et de la chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070204.
Full textYu, Haiyan. "Étude de la biodisponibilité orale du S-nitrosoglutathion au moyen de modèles de la barrière intestinale par chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse après marquage par l’isotope 15 de l’azote." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0100/document.
Full textThe development of innovative nitric oxide (NO) donors for the chronic treatment of cardiovascular diseases implies their bioavailability studies after oral administration. S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) look interesting drug candidates for this purpose and evaluating their intestinal permeability appears the first step to be realized. Thus, an analytical method offering high sensitivity is needed; moreover this method should be selective by differentiating between the endogenous production of NO, the intake of nitrite and nitrate ions via the diet, and the drug itself. Our work consisted in using S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) labeled with the stable nitrogen isotope 15 (15N) as a model. Released 15NO species were derivatized by two conventional methods: Griess method leading to the formation of an azo adduct; reaction with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) producing 2,3-naphtotriazole (NAT); fragmentation studies of the two adducts by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allow the selection of DAN method because it provides the highest sensitivity. An original transition resulting from the NAT fragmentation in Higher-energy Collisional Dissociation (HCD) mode instead of the conventional Collisionally Induced Dissociation (CID) mode was pointed out and permitted to reach a limit of quantification of 5 nM (20 fold less than when using fluorescence). The LC-MS/MS method was validated and applied to the GS15NO intestinal permeability studies with two models: in vitro (a monolayer of Caco-2 epithelial cells), and ex vivo (isolated intestine of rat (ileum) in an Ussing chamber). The apparent permeability values calculated with concentrations of GS15NO metabolites (nitrite, nitrate ions and RSNOs) classify it as a middle permeable drug. Studies on GSNO denitrosating processes using isolated rat intestine demonstrate that the enzymes γ-glutamyltransferase and protein disulfide isomerase play a pivotal role
Bezy, Vincent. "Développement de méthodologies séparatives couplées à la spectrométrie de masse pour le dosage des nucléotides et nucléosides antiviraux du VIH." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2083.
Full textJBILOU, MOHAMED. "Etude chronopharmacocinétique, chez l'homme, de la trimipramine (7162 RP) et de ses métabolites déméthylés, évalués par couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse - spectrométrie de masse." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF15006.
Full textLauro-Marty, Claude. "Etudes pharmacocinétique et biopharmaceutique, chez l'homme sain, du 5-mononitrate d'isosorbide évalué par couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse - spectrométrie de masse." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF1PP03.
Full textDauchy, Xavier. "Spéciation des butylétains dans les sédiments marins par couplage chromatographie en phase liquide - plasma à couplage inductif/spectrométrie de masse (HPLC-ICP-MS)." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3003.
Full textMathe, Carole. "Etude de résines naturelles : caractérisation par CLHP et CPG couplées à divers modes de détection : UV/Visible, fluorimétrique et spectrométrie de masse." Avignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AVIG0216.
Full textThis work concerns the study of two natural vegetable resins : olibanum and dragon's blood. Olibanum, is a oleo-gommo-resin only exuded by certain species of Boswellia (family of Burseraceae). The dragon's blood corresponds to a particular resin coloured in red. It is currently admitted, it is allowed that the true dragon's blood belongs to both species Daemonorops and Dracaena. Consequently, two samples were analyzed corresponding to Daemonorops draco (Indonesia) and Dracaena cinnabari (endemic species of Socotra's island, Yemen). Only the resin part (terpenic) of these substances was analyzed : the mono ones and sesquiterpenes (essential oils), the diterpenes and especially the triterpenes (ursane, oleanane, lupane and tirucallane skeletons). Various chromatographic techniques (LC/PDA/Fluorimetry, LC/SM and GC/MS) were employed to characterize these substances. The main goal of this work is to determine the specific chemical markers of these materials. Thus, seventeen molecules were isolated or hemisynthetized from commercial olibanum "Erytrean" type , as for example boswellic acids and their corresponding acetylated derivative, and a novel compound named lupeolic acid. Thermal degradation assays were also carried out ; studies of the released fume and the resinous residue obtained indicate the presence of products resulting from degradations : 24-noroléana-3,12-diene, 24-norursa-3,12-diene and 24-norlupa-3(20)29-diene. The thermal resistance of our standard compounds was also highlighted. Various geographical samples was also investigated to correlate the chemical composition and geographical origin. The species Boswellia carteri, Boswellia sacra and Boswellia frereana were differentiated. Moreover, our chromatographic methods also allowed the determination of fraud. Note that, the extrapolation of the results obtained on contemporary resins, allowed the characterization of olibanum in samples coming from the 18th century pharmacy or samples dating from ancient Egypt. Concerning the dragon's blood, both species considered were differentiated