Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Christianisme – Relations – Moyen âge'
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Dahan, Gilbert. "Les intellectuels chrétiens et les Juifs au Moyen Age : polémique et relations culturelles entre chrétiens et juifs en Occident du XIIe au XIVe siècles." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010565.
Full textThe condition of the jews in western europe, xiith-xivth cent. , can be caracterised by its constant degradation : numerous accusations and persecutions, to which could be added exactions from the royal power. The legal status changed as well, from roman citizenship to serfdom, as the jews became a private property. The attitude defined in canon law is ambivalent : if the church tried to keep the life of the jews and forbade forced baptisms, it enacted many decrees and undertook an active policy of mission. We can notice the same duality within the intellectual relationship between christians and jews. First, the contacts were more frequent, about biblical subjects (the critical text of the vulgate as well as the exegesis); hebrew was studied more, with the help of jews, then with converts. In the field of astronomy and medicine, the jews contributed to the transmission in western europe of the improvements of arabic science; in philosophy, the solutions given by maimonides in the conflict between arabohellenic thought and doctrines drawn from the bible were often agreed by christian theologians. However, at the same time, the controversy with judaism was growing, in oral disputations (but instead of free discussions, there were trials) as well as in literary works (contra iudaeos). The method was renewed, notably by an enlargement of the concept of auctoritas (which included then rabbinical literature, well known by some christian polemicists). The polemical themes were always the same : jews do not understand the scriptures, the truths of christianity, the errors of judaism. In the meditation of christian thinkers, we can see once more an ambivalence : some deprived the jews from their own values, whereas others asserted that, though they are guilty, the jewish people must be kept alive. But the problem seems to be often understood only at a theorical level; the image of the jews which appears in their writings is unreal, more and more caricatural, and even bearing features proceeding from popular fantasy
Mouslim, Charafeddine. "La conquête musulmane en France et ses conséquences sociales jusqu'au XIVème siècle." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30007.
Full textThis research paper is concerned with the muslim presence in France during middle age, a presence that was highlighted only through a conflictual aspect, however, numerous documents underlined the fact that it was a period of mutual exchanges and coexistence between muslims, jews and christians. It is only in the 12th century that the history of this presence was revisited in order to make from the muslim or the saracen the other par excellence, so the interest to study the consequence of this presence
Salama, Abdel Aziz Mohamed. "Etude comparée des méthodes de spéculation, d'argumentation et de polémique sur les questions relatives à Dieu chez les théologiens chrétiens et musulmans du VIIe S. /1er S. Au XIIIe S. /VIIe S." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31003.
Full textDumézil, Bruno. "Conversion et liberté dans les royaumes barbares d'Occident de l'Edit de Théodose à la conquête arabe." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040209.
Full textIn the Fifth Century, the end of the Western Empire and the coming of the barbarian people, arian or pagan ones, produced important changes in conversion methods. Civil politics of coercion known during the Empire disappeared, and conversion came back into the hand of bishops. Violence decreased or mutated. But the barbarian kings, dealing about the new problems of their people, were seduced by the principle of forced conversion. For a time, the question of the use of legal violence opposed kings and bishops. But compromises were found to give a definition of the "secular arm". Meanwhile, aristocracy and monks worked to create a social pressure in favour of the Christian religion and so, the last pagan and heretic had to choose quickly between baptism or disappearance
Maillard, Clara. "Les papes et le Maghreb aux XIIIème et XIVème siècles, étude des lettres pontificales de 1199 à 1419." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3042.
Full textThe pontiffs had to keep contact with the Arab-Muslim world, the Eastern part naturally - Egypt and Middle East - but also the Western one - Spain and Maghrib -. That is why Innocent III was, as soon as 1199, in contact with "Miramolin, king of Morocco ". When decades later, in 1233 and 1235, Grégoire IX decided to write to the Muslim sovereigns, he sent letters to the monarchs of Bagdad, Damascus, to the Seldjoukids of Rūm as well as to "Miramolin" of Morocco and to the King of Tunis. As his eminent predecessor, he did not forget Maghrib. About two hundred and one letters, written during XIIIth and XIVth centuries and for the greater part registered in the registers of the Vatican Secret Archives, help to enlighten the position of the Holy See in regards to the Maghrib. The popes supported the attempts of expansion of the Christianity in North Africa (by preaching and crusading) but that was not their only concern. They also cared for the Christians who were still living in Maghrib : traders, mercenaries and captives. The papacy had to reconcile these two aspects and had to adapt to the reality of the life of these communities in Muslim North Africa. It was informed of different kinds of events which were taking place in the kingdoms of North Africa, especially those of Marrakesh and Tunis. To bring their politics to a successful conclusion and keep links with the Christians living in distant land, the popes kept in contact with both Christian and Muslim sovereigns, writing letters, sending messengers through the Mediterranean Sea, supporting the works of the monks in this continent and establishing a bishopric in Marrakesh
Aillet, Cyrille. "Les Mozarabes : christianisme et arabisation en Al-Andalus (IXe-XIIe siècle)." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083706.
Full textThis thesis deals with the history of arabized Christianism in al-Andalus and the Iberic Peninsula between the IXth and XIIIth century. After 850, Cordoba became the cradle of this cultural interference process. Far from being doomed to decline, the al-Andalus Christians have then shaped a culture based on three models : Visigothic, Islamic, and Eastern Christian. The Mozarab situation, stamped by the influence of Arabic culture on Hispanic Christianism, is not limited the sole Islamic territory since al-Andalus Christians immigration scattered genuine arabized diasporas in the North Christian kingdoms. The Mozarabic situation conveys the ascendancy of Islam on Iberic Christianism until the XIth century. In the XIIth century, the al-Andalus Christians expulsion forced the Mozarabs to an exile in the North where they were rapidly assimilated by communities now looking exclusively towards a Latin model
Guénolé, Agnès. "Les peuples païens et l'expansion des états chrétiens au nord-est de l'Europe : discours et politique (fin Xe - début XIVe siècle)." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5029.
Full textThe movements of German and Scandinavian expansion in the East of Europe are studied with a corpus of chronicles and histories, as well as hagiographic, liturgical and diplomatic texts between the end of 10th. Century and the beginning of 14th. C. The aim of the conversion of pagans often determined the dominion of natives and the control of new territories. The study is confined in particular to Slavic regions (Mecklenburg, Pomerania), to the territory of the Finn (Finland), and to Prussia and Lithuania. The progression of the Christian West took various forms and involved a competition in the general movement itself. We explain the part playing by the Empire and the German Order as well as by the Christian kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden. The ideological context of crusades in Latin East influenced the actors of the offensive in the Baltic region; these, but only some of them, developed an ideology which was drawing from the holy war, a war which was sanctifying men. These protagonists strengthened, in particular cases of the expansion, the theory of the Defense of the faith for which the threat of pagans was amplified. We wonder about the understanding of this military history, and about the place of heathen and neophyte peoples in Christian thought. The confrontation had a cultural dimension too. The coexistence in Baltic space of the very heterogeneous peoples in a long time had left its imprint. The writing of Christian history was changed. Henceforth, the narrative about pagans, when these were becoming definitively converts, the narrative of the end of a world, was integrated as well in History
Jourdan, François. "La mort du messie en croix dans les églises araméennes et sa relation à l'islam jusqu'à l'arrivée des mongols en 1258." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040067.
Full textIs the fact of muslims denying the messiah's death on the cross definitely irremediable and what does it mean? The fact of his crucifixion constitutes the kernel of gospels and the heart of liturgy in the aramean churches, in spite of the exhausting and overrunning christological quarrels. Hadith and commentators deny this fact, whereas the Qour'an does not reproach the christians for attesting it, but the jews for thinking that they have got the better of "isa through his crucifixion. It is mostly religious and political christianity which is the basis of muslim's position, as they have another vision of the same god. However, Islam might admit the fact some day, provided that christians and muslims would really accept god's non-violence through the cross, in the same way as nestorians and Francis of Assisi, Charles de Foucault, Massignon or Gandhi have been able to understand it
Delacroix-Besnier, Claudine. "Les Dominicains et la Chrétienté grecque aux quatorzième et quinzième siècles." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100214.
Full textThe Dominicans were great agents of a pontifical policy aiming at the end of the Greek schism. The preachers were diplomats negotiating with the oriental sovereigns. They were involved in the process which ended with the settlement of self-governing principalities, for example Ruthenia and Moldavia. But their apostolate led them to an opening out to native cultures. In Italian settlements, they mainly carried on their ministry among catholic communities. Mother countries did not tolerate the missionaries' proselytism and strictly controlled local churches. The main purpose of local officers was indeed social peace. This policy resulted in a peaceful cohabitation of all the religious communities and the melting of upper classes. In other countries, the Dominican proselytism was exerted among upper elites. It brought about both several conversions to the catholic faith among members of the byzantine court and holding of the council of Florence (1439). The heart of the mission was the sudium
Barabino, Victor. "Des guerriers d’Odin aux chevaliers du Christ : la relation combattant/divinité au prisme de la christianisation dans la diaspora scandinave médiévale, IXe-XIVe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC027.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the representations of the relationship between fighters and their gods within the Scandinavian diaspora at the time of the official adoption of Christianity by the emerging Scandinavian monarchies. It examines the transition from a polytheistic to a Christian framework in these representations, in the light of Scandinavian and non-Scandinavian textual sources, as well as archaeological evidence. The study first looks at the representation of the conversion of fighters to Christianity, to show how warriors and warlords gradually made their martial activities part of a devotion to the Christian god. The thesis then examines the various categories of deity with which warriors developed a relationship, whether they be male deities, female deities, or intermediary supernatural figures (heroes, saints). Finally, the interactions between the fighters and the gods that take place directly on the battlefield are studied, from the point of view of the materiality of combat, its proceedings, and its eschatological outcome. By focusing on the cultural transfers that took place within the Scandinavian diaspora, this thesis suggests that the change of religion profoundly altered the relationship that fighters had with the sphere of the divine, leading to the emergence in Scandinavia of the idea of a war waged in the name of God
Buresi, Pascal. "Une frontière entre chrétienté et Islam : la région entre Tage et Sierra Morena (fin XIe-milieu XIIIe siècle)." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/buresi_p.
Full textLugt, Maaike Van Der. "Le ver, le démon et la vierge : les théories médiévales de la génération extraordinaire (vers 1100-vers 1350) : une étude sur les rapports entre théologie, philosophie naturelle et médecine." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0039.
Full textPayan, Paul. "Un autre père : l'image de Joseph, époux de Marie, à la fin du Moyen Age." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/payan_p.
Full textBetween 1413 and 1416, the chancellor of the University of Paris, Jean Gerson, tryes to highlight Joseph and to promote the feast of his wedding with the Virgin. He does this in a complicated political context: the one of the civil war between Armagnacs and Bourguignons, and the one of the Great Schism. To him, the divided powers should follow the example of Joseph, who is a model of union and peace. Before him, the Franciscans were the only persons who were realy interested in Joseph, finding in the earthly father of the Christ their ideal of poverty and service. In the same time, the religious iconography renews the vision of this character, giving to him a place sometimes surprising: we can see him cooking, washing, or warming himself by the fire. But he is also more and more associated with the Virgin, adoring the Children. Therefore, even before the expansion of the feast of Saint Joseph at the end of the XVth century, we can, observe a new interest for a character up till then very neglected. From the analysis of the theological and pastoral production, around Gerson and the Franciscans, and from an iconographical corpus centred on french illumination, this study proposes to think about the meaning of this new image of Joseph for a society confronted with an upheaval of its structures. Through this new image, we can see the construction of a reference for the human paternity, strumbled over lineages fragilisation, and over a feeling of distance to the all-powerful paternity of God. The study of this reference is a way to observe the image of paternity in the Latte Middle Ages. Joseph gives to it a model based on weakness, humility, and obedience to a divine mystery. For a divided society in search of marks, he proposes a model of union and peace, as well as a paternal image allowing to revive a genealogical principle needed by every established society
Bezler, Francis. "Les pénitentiels espagnols : contribution à l'étude de la civilisation de l'Espagne chrétienne du haut Moyen Age." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040304.
Full textFerrand, Jacques. "Enfants et miracles dans le haut Moyen Âge." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040066.
Full textThe study of childhood in the unstable period of the high middle age assesses the sanitary conditions of the young through some one thousand accounts of miracles. The first part centers on a study of the structure of the family, of the living condition of children who were threatened by high mortality rates, of the doubts concerning diet, and of early training in behavior. A hagiographical study endeavors to localize in time and space the activities of 280 saints, the majority of whom were European. These narratives are classified according of several medical categories of differing volumes. To which have been added some non-medical and so-called castigation miracles. In opposition to theses thousand miracles, an investigation of the "official" medicine of the period inherited from the latins and arabs seeks to find parallels in contemporary medical science despite its ever-increasing efficiency may at times require recourse to the request for a miracle
Léonard, Alexis. "Insula Sanctorum Insula Sancta : la construction de la sainteté dans l'Irlande médiévale." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0110.
Full textThis thesis examines how sanctity is constructed in Medieval Ireland, while it tries to place it in the frame of larger reflection about the notion of sanctifity in the Christian world. The study of birth tales of saints shows the ontological component of sanctity, which is particulary salient in Ireland. These texts take all their sense when they are compared to Biblical precedents and various Irish secular stories. On the other hand, the absence of martyrs during the conversion of the island, and the supposed existence of characters believing in God befor the coming of saint Patrick, permit to distinguish the elements of a sanctification of Ireland, which is presented as a new Promised Land and the Irish as a new Chosen People; at the same time, a corpus of legends tries to show an always earlier rise of Christianity in the island, operation that could be defined as ante-Christianization. Thus, a new function arises for the saints who become "historical mediators". The conversion is not anymore the passage from paganism to Christianity at a given time, but becomes a process that reinterprets previous events in order to integrate them into the Biblical History
Poignet, Jean-François. "Recherches sur les récits de vision du Christ, en Occident, jusqu'au XIIIe siècle." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100056.
Full textLadouès, Françoise. "Les pélerinages en Aquitaine centrale du XIIème au XVème siècle. Essai de typologie et d'étude des pratiques." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040146.
Full textThe middle ages were times when concrete religious practices were the sign of a mentality. The pilgrimage is one of the most well spread practice: the road, the stick, the veneration of relics. . . Are as many demonstrations of a very developed religiosity. In central Aquitaine, the diocese of Bordeaux, Bazas, Périgueux and then Sarlat, which was, at the same time, a place visited by pilgrims particularly on their way to saint Jacques de Compostelle, and the place where the closed sanctuaries are quite numerous, the practices have evolved between the 12th and the 15th century. After a period of big turmoil, the XIVth and the XVth centuries have witnessed a rise of individualism and the development of "the race to indulgences". The old sanctuaries were however still visited. So this work will able to be carried on because the sources are scattered. An inventory of the sanctuaries has been made, a typology of the sanctuaries has been tried and the practices of pilgrims have been registered
Wenner, Carole. "Images et perceptions des juifs dans l'espace germanique : entre fantasmes et réalités (XIIIe-XVIIe siècles)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20060.
Full textIs the jew of imaginery the same that the jews christians daily go around with ? On and after the 13th the Church asserts its authority and weakens jewish life in Germany. Then antijudaism is a reality for jewish people of the Middles Ages, which extends in modern times (16th-17th centuries) with the speech and thought of humanists and theologians. Medieval and modern documents, like historiography, give us a picture of a demonic and imaginery jew, who is more an outward manifestation of christians' fears than reality. But these documents show us another picture of jews, which is more friendly. Scapegoats or good jews ? The german history of mental and iconographical perceptions of jews are very different and this work tries to explain each of them
Ḥasan, Ġ̇ādaẗ. "Les relations diplomatiques entre les Mamelouks bahrides et les États chrétiens en Orient (milieu du XIIIe-fin du XIVe siècle)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010680.
Full textTreffort, Cécile. "Genese du cimetiere chretien. Etude sur l'accompagnement du mourant, les funerailles, la commemoration des defunts et les lieux d'inhumation a l'epoque carolingienne (entre loire et rhin, milieu viiie- debut xie siecle)." Lyon 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO20030.
Full textThe aim of this work is to enlight the changes which appeared in the funeral rites during the early middle ages (carolingian period) by studying jointly textual, archeological and iconographical dates. A set of sacremente around the dying (confession, unction, viaticum) and various types of liturgical commemoration (mass for funerals, tripl commemoration, insert of dead's memento in the mass'canon, votive masses, monastic offices) were developped, thanks to a movment of "penitentialisation" of the death. This evolution goes together with a modification of the funeral customs. At least, the burial grounds, which are often grouped together around the church, were sacralised. This consecratio cymiteril really founded the christian cemetery, which is exclusively "reserved" for the good believers
Coussemacker, Sophie. "L'ordre de saint Jérôme en Espagne : 1373-1516." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100196.
Full textEremitical in his beginning, the order of san Jeronimo experience a fast development in medieval Spain, with the support of the kings and of the aristocracy. The hieronymites meet with some crises before the 1470’s: scission of the isidorites, external attacks, internal crisis, under the generalat of Alfonso de Oropesa. The crisis increase with the establishment of an internal inquisition and the adoption of a statute of "limpieza de sangre", measures due to the opposition between two factions. The purge is violent, but however limitated. The catholic kings impose on hieronymites some economical and spiritual reforms, but associate them to their government, with Fernando de Talavera, their confessor, and some others reformators. Then in order to reestablish their image, the hieronymites resume the redaction of their general chronicle, started at the end of the 1480's. The conventual chronicles will be collected in 1539 by Pedro de la Vega and in 1596 by Jose de Siguenza
Morard, Martin. "La harpe des Clercs : réception médiévales du Psautier latin entre usages populaires et commentaires scolaires." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040200.
Full textThe edition of prologues and the census of the commentaries of the psalms written in the Middle Age indicate a fascination which raises question. The analysis of four parameters _ the book (biblical, liturgical, devotionnal Psalter), its pratices (liturgy, devotion, practice funerary, penance, magic) its intelligence (reading, memorizing, eaching, exegesis), its sociology (reception by the laity, the nobility, the women, clerks, monks)_ brings to light, between 7th and 15th century, the emergence in Western Europe of a civilisation of the Psalter, increasing with the evangelization of Europe and monastic live, culmination int 12th century, then decreasing slowly. In the schools, the meeting Between religion and the reason accentuates separation between the popular and the clerical practices. The Psalte ris imitated by Rosary, replaced by Books of hours and marial devotion, while the clergy prefers studying exegesis ans theology tha to ting psalms
Holstein, John. "Les grands saints successeurs de Saint Patrick en Irlande." Rennes 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN20011.
Full textOften characterized by their widespread culture, their prolific literary works as well as their distinct originality, the early medieval Irish have never ceased to intrigue historians of Celtic Christianity. From the arrival of Sant Patrick in the fifth century up to the council of Cashel in the twelfth, Christian Ireland enjoyed the attributes of a highly unique civilization resulting from the union of both Celtic and Judaeo-Christian traditions. Using authentic legal and ecclesiastical documents in the Irish language, the author proposes a methodical investigation into the spiritual reality behind the golden age of Irish saints. This study has a twofold purpose: firstly to explore and analyse the ties between the early medieval Christian community and its mythological past, secondly to reveal the influence of these ties upon the evolution of Irish monasticism. Far from being exhaustive, the main objective of our thesis is to throw light on some of the least considered and often misunderstood aspects of medieval Ireland
Driscoll, Michael S. "Alcuin et la pénitence à l'époque carolingienne." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040117.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is two-fold: the time of Alcuin, which is exceedingly complex and fluid regarding penitential practices; and Alcuin’s personality, spirituality and the place of penitence within his spirituality, which make him a master of metanoia both for his contemporaries and for posterity. The thesis is so organized around four axes drawn from Alcuin’s response to Benedict of Aniane's question as to what Alcuin prayed for, when he prayed for himself: "this I ask of Christ: lord, let me be conscious of my sins; confess them; accomplish a sincere penance for them; and from them let me be pardoned" (Vita Alchuini). At the risk of exaggerating the logical organization of this sentence attributed to Alcuin, I use it to introduce the four principal axes: biographical - the life of a person who is gifted yet who remains lucid; sacramental - the means of living as a free person while conforming to the demands of the church; spiritual - the gradual and deep renunciation of the world for the kingdom; theological - the understanding which recognizes little by little the gifts of god. The vigor, density in meaning and simplicity of these words make them a short summa of his penitential thought, and for this reason present them as a leitmotiv. Such a personalist approach can complete a pure institutional one which we often find in the history of penance
Marquand, Patrice. "Les relations culturelles entre la Bretagne continentale et l'Aquitaine au Moyen âge." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20060.
Full textMedieval French literature drew on Celtic and Occitan sources to give birth to courtly romances. On the other hand, mostof the chansons de geste in Oïl language are located in Occitania and some of them have existed in Occitan language.However, some of the heroes of these songs are Bretons. Did the writers of the 12th century and their patrons bringtogether two worlds hitherto separate, the Celtic world and the Occitan world? Or contacts were direct and older? WasBrittany a staging post between the North and the South; between the Celtic countries and the Occitan lands? The first part of this study will deal with the historical background of cultural connections between Brittany and Auitaine: political, commercial and religious connections from antiquity to the 13th century. The second part will be devoted to literary connections around two main axes: the Matter of Britain in Aquitaine and the presence of Breton heroes in the chansons de geste related to the Occitan epic
Popescu, Dan-Alexandru. "La symbolique du pouvoir monarchique au Moyen âge (Les principautés roumaines et la france: étude comparative) : de l'Orient à l'Occident : le souverain chrétien." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/thesepopescu.pdf.
Full textThe medieval European civilization is a deeply Christian one. Jesus is the only example to follow, an exquisite Rex gloriae, whose kingdom remains separate from the physical universe and from the earthly life. The monarch, in expectation of the eternal redemption, can aspire to imitate his “superior”. King's power is limited by the power of God (rex a Deo coronatus): the anointment and the coronation of the monarch are two stages in the same mythical rite, of an initiating character, by which a person is invested with the divine gift. But sacred does not mean holy, and the sovereign has to be worthy of God's trust every day (being a mimethes Christou, like in the Byzantine imperial tradition). The church, an active participant in the ceremony by which a new king is born (consacratio) cannot afford to be ignored and the alliance between the two institutions is welded by their common mission: the government, in the name of God, of the human community (respublica Christiana). Orthodoxy, the prevalence of customs and the maintenance of traditions, the lack or the inefficiency of striving for social renewal, the patriarchal organization of life after a Byzantine archetypal model, all these define the originality of the Romanian feudality within the framework of a larger cultural-european area. With reference to political creation, the domnia, this becomes complete with the institution of church: the ruling authority cannot depart from the religious element, which is constitutive of the state. The feudal monarchy is based on the support it offers to monachical life, in exchange of which it receives political support. The spirituality is in search of patrons, and the ruling power wants mystical support: the voivode-church relationship is thus, welded rapidly and on the long-term
Dubourg, Ninon. "« Ad obsequium divinum inhabilem», la reconnaissance de la condition de personne infirme par la chancellerie pontificale (XIIe – XIVe siècles)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/DUBOURG_Ninon_2_complete_20190525.pdf.
Full textThe petitions received and the letters sent by the Papal Chancery between the 12th-14th century attest the recognition of invalidity by the Papacy. They acknowledge the existence of a physical or mental infirmity and allow the supplicant to adapt his missions of cleric or Christian according to his abilities. These documents lie at the boundary between the institutional word and practical sources. Supplicant’s solicitations bring about an intense and complex epistolary production, whose main actors are the disabled individuals and the curial and ecclesiastical personnel. They reveal the specific legislation of the institution and lead to a definition of infirmity by the Papal Chancery, one that categorizes invalid bodies according to their physical or mental condition. Curia’s replies to solicitations, based on a case law system, constitute further evidence of the recognition of the disabled person’s condition. The supplications and letters thus constitute an excellent laboratory of analysis to study medieval disability in its relation to the Papacy as an institution
Lopez, Élisabeth. "Sainte Colette : aspects culturels d'une forme de sainteté au Moyen-Age." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO31005.
Full textThe first book is a study in eight chapters of the two first biographies of s. Colette which were written by brother p. De vaux and sister perrine, who were contemporaries and disciples of the reformer abbess. The study enables us to make obvious the main characteristics of an image of holiness, and indispensable elementfor later periods in order to give great importance to the development of s. Colette's legenda with miscellaneous factors according to the preoccupation of ecclesiastic and laic authors. Works written by the sainte (letters, constitutions. . . ) make us know in the second book others appearances of her personnality. She was an"enterprising" woman who promoted with firmness the reform of s. Clare's primitive rule in the way back to the ancient rule. The third book is the study of the reforming work of the same period made by the italian clares, the main ideas of the franciscan renewal and the regulations at the intention of pious laic women for information. It sets and assesses s. Colette's reform in the church of the 18th century. The connections of this work with the great families of france and burgundy are also underlined. The fourth book deals with evolution of the reform from the 15th century to the present days, by different approaches. The last chapter, as an epilogue, is the sommary of colettines's history in the 19th and 20th centuries and their behaviour in the respect to the second council of vatican
Baloup, Daniel. "La croyance au purgatoire en Vieille-Castille : (vers 1230 - vers 1530)." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU1002.
Full textIntroduced in Castile in the course of the XIII century, and mainly due to the influence of the indulgence preachers, the belief in purgatory took deep roots in the representations of salvation influenced by the ordeal of the reconquest. Yet, the cult of purgatory first developed in the last decades of the XVth century, through a wolly original iconography wich linked the salvation of the afflicted souls to Christ’s descent into Limbo and then trough the emergence of the brotherhoods of purgatory. After the first creation, in Valladolid, in 1492, initiated by a group of laymen, the number of brotherhoods increased through the impetus given by the clergy in an attempt to channel off obituary practices in favour of the parishes. The success of this devotion can be interpreted as an answer to the identity crisis wich was then rocking this border society, deprived of its traditional landmarks by the eviction of the Jews, the end of the reconquest (1492) and the mass conversions
Rougeulle, Axelle. "Les importations extrême-orientales trouvées sur les sites de la période abbasside : contribution à l'étude du commerce moyen-oriental au Moyen-Age." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040181.
Full textChinese ceramics found on Islamic sites are the only material traces preserved to-day of the well-known trade between china and Islam in the middle age (650-1350). A typological study of these ceramics, paralleled by a critical research on the archaeological data, brings to light the main characteristics of this trade, its historical evolution and its main networks. These networks were exclusively maritime ones, handled until the 11th century by merchants from the Persian Gulf who also controlled the trade in the red sea and east Africa. Later on, the Indian Ocean trade is shared by people from Egypt and Yemen in the red sea, and the Hormuz area in the Gulf
Russon, Marc. "La façade océanique du royaume de France et les pouvoirs : (XIIIème-XVème siècle)." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20027.
Full textThe oceanfront of the French kingdom at the end of the Middle-ages is, to a certain extent, the reflection of the political and territorial assortment in which it eventually settled. An assemblage of ill-assorted estates and political structures which were uneven and changeable in the 13th century, it nevertheless got organized along the increasingly busy and attractive maritime route that ran alongside it, linking its various parts. This whole territory underwent the influence and sustained the various rival ambitions of the bordering states and those present on the coast : England, Castile, Brittany, Flanders or the French Crown. The oceanfront also built itself through violence and the recurring conflict between France and England. The war at sea and its mishaps, privateering and sundry acts of piracy hastened the assertion of the strongest political powers thanks to the struggle against insecurity and the threats from the open sea. If each of them developed often similar institutions because of interwoven influences, at times in a brilliant and innovative manner, the French Royal State alone eventually got the upper hand in the 15th century, finally getting rid of its rivals, imposing a maritime order and policy that it had managed to promote and enforce with more persistence, means and willpower than it has generally been said. In the process, Brittany lost its comparative ndependence and Flanders alone escaped the King's power, only to submit to a new master. The towns, the population, the lords of the coast and the seafaring men were both the stakes and actors of this crucial evolution
Berson, Bruno. "L'homme et l'animal en Islande au Moyen Age, 9e-14e siècles." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL3A001.
Full textThornton, Ryan. "Franciscan Poverty and Franciscan Economic Thought : 1209-1444." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0108.
Full textIn order to determine whether there was a relationship between Franciscan poverty and the economic thought of the Franciscans, one must begin by defining the first as it had its origin in the life of Francis of Assisi and his creation of a religious order within the Catholic Church in 1209. It then becomes possible to identify the progressive development of this poverty within the Order of Friars Minor through a dialogue with successive popes and over the course of different events involving the Franciscans. At the heart of the inquiry is the discussion of various economic subjects (exchange, contracts, loans, usury, the gift) by the Franciscans Peter of John Olivi, John Duns Scotus, and Gerald Odonis, as their works establish the existence of economic thought among the Friars Minor. By continuing to follow the interaction between the Order and the papacy, one sees important changes in Franciscan poverty and, consequently, a reprise of the economic thought of Olivi, Scotus, and Odonis in the sermons of Bernardine of Sienna, who died in 1444 and provides a terminus for the present study
Besnard, Anne-Christel. "Paléoécopathologie humaine : étude des relations entre les maladies et l'environnement des populations anciennes humaines : essai d'interprétation des traumatismes sur les populations du Moyen-Âge." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T060.
Full textBraida, Francesca. ""L'âme, l'image, le miroir" : les rêves dans l'histoire et la littérature latine et française du Moyen Age (XIIe-XIVe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0098.
Full textLoddé, Françoise. "Cinq testaments de prélats enregistrés au parlement de Paris sous le règne de Charles VI : étude d'histoire religieuse." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100142.
Full textTagliatesta, Maria Francesca. "L'immagine dell'India nel medioevo italiano : arte e letteratura." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030054.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to consider some cultural relationships between India and the Italian Middle Ages - following a route, from East to West, through the Iranian countries, the Middle and Near East - the Mediterranean and Byzantine world - and then trying to examine various cultural topics relating to iconography, architecture and history of art. An evaluation of the classical texts gives a preliminary picture of the real and imaginary perception of Indian culture. This is followed by an analysis of commercial contacts in Mediaeval times, showing the main communication routes, not only for trade but also culture, and underlines this blending of historical reality and imagination (the oriental mirabilia). The study takes a closer look at iconography and architecture in order to trace some possible links between the imagery of the Unicorn and its representations in Mediaeval churches of Italy. Further important architectural topics such as the Indian and Buddhist arch has been taken into account to present an analysis of some Mediaeval architectural forms in Italy
Unsain, Dianne. "Histoire d'os : enjeux sociaux, économiques et environnementaux des ressources carnées en Provence (Xème - XIIème siècles) : les apports de l'archéozoologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211129_UNSAIN_331suql41fbcot678nd262spb_TH.pdf.
Full textThis PhD thesis analyses the remains of mammals and birds found on four Provençal sites from the first feudal age (10th-12th century, Alpes de Haute-Provence). Almost 45,000 fragments were analysed. Notre-Dame of Allemagne-en-Provence is our main reference site. It consists of an aristocratic residence that was replaced by two successive fortins. At the same time as these occupations, a peasant settlement developed nearby. Two other contemporary seigneurial installations were also treated: the Moutte of Allemagne-en-Provence and the Roca of Niozelles. These three castra are of major interest, as they bear witness to the birth of private "castles" in Provence and to the daily life of the rural elites. Finally, the settlement of Petra Castellana (Castellane) offers a primordial contrast for understanding the functioning and specificities of the peasant community of Notre-Dame.Meat diet of Provence in the early Middle Ages was long misunderstood. This work addresses social, economic, cultural, and environmental dimensions of human-animal relations. For this purpose, the work of related disciplines is widely mobilised. More specifically, the aim is to characterise the production and management strategies of the territory, herds, and animal economy of the rural elites (lords and military). Their dietary behaviours are analysed and compared with those of humble populations to identify similarities, discrepancies, as well as relationships between these different social groups
Mériaux, Anne. "Prophètes et prophéties en France à la fin du Moyen Age." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100045.
Full textAt the end of the Middle Ages, a number of minor prophets sought to deliver a message which they claim they had received from God. This charismatic phenomenon can be related to contemporary crises: religious crisis with the Western Schism (1378-1417) ; political crisis with the civil war; and national crisis with the Hundred Year’s War. These minor prophets are often stereotypical: they come from the frontier of the kingdom; the men are often hermits, like John the Baptist; the women tend to be widows, beguines or recluses. Although they don’t always display a specific sign, the sanctity of their behavior openly establishes that they are prophets, and many of them perform miracles. The content of their message evolves little during the period of interest: it pertains to the Schism, the necessary reform of the Church, and the crusade. Some prophets also announce the End of Time, in the same manner as the prophet-preachers predicting the coming of the Antichrist, or ‘makers’ of prophecies, whom the most active were influenced by Joachim of Fiore. They also embody the diffusion of messianic ideas in favor of the House of France, especially the ‘Charles’ Kings. However, due to a lack of reference doctrine about ‘discretio spirituum’, the official Church will succeed in controlling prophetism. It will confine it to few small circles, and, above all, will empty it of its subversive substance
Garavaglia, Chiara Rosa. "Le relazioni tra l'Italia e la Bretagna : (VI-XII secolo)." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20005.
Full textThe history of various Breton monasteries of the early Middle Ages allows us to understand the steps of the integration of Brittany inside the Carolingian organization. Reports of contacts between medieval Brittany and Italy reveal the existence of a network of strong relationships between the two peninsulas. For this reason it'has been possible to confirm the political and cultural opening of Brittany before the year 1000 AD. This network of relationships was very strong, for the most part, due to the introduction and the spread of worship of the two saints in each of the countries. These episodes of worship are establishe_ by relics or hagiographic manuscripts brought by religious travellers. Ln addition, a group of Breton monastic scriptoria existed particularly in the most significant abbeys of the region, whose production represented an instrument of promotion ofpolitical design that aimed to assert the status ofthese monasteries, especially of Brittany itself facing medieval Europe. The production ofthese centers ofhagiographic literature allowed for the discovery of the cult of Saint Guénolé of Landévennec in Tuscany, the cult of Saint Magloire of Dol and Sa1nt Modéran of Rennes in Emilia as well as Saint Malo worship in Rome. Although the Italic peninsula exp_enced a stronger attraction for the Bretons than that of the Italics for the Armoricane region, the existence of the cuIt 0 Saint Marcellino Pope, established in Redon, fully confirms that this network of relationships was truly symbiotic in nature
Bobis, Laurence. "Le rapport entre l'homme et l'animal dans l'Occident médiéval : un animal exemplaire, le chat." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081251.
Full textThe history of domestic cat is badly known. It was brought during a long period into different parts of europa and especially british isles, from egypt where he was first domesticated. At the end of antiquity, the cat is implanted everywhere in western roman empire. On account of his exotic origin, it was not, for a long time, integrated to western culture and symbolic, even if it is part of fauna and man's immediate environment it was considered first and foremost as a mouser and clergymen were diffident of relationships between man and cat. From xiith-xiiith c. On, clerical and secular culture moralize and anthropomorphize animals and especially cats giving it a belittling image. In the same time, accusations are launched against heretics, and the devil appears as a cat. Belief in "ailouranthropia" seems peculiarly widely held, witches being said to fascinate and murder children. Cat has a very important place in imagination ; it is associated to women, death, and above all sexuality. Iconography of the cat, very numerous alter xivth c. , integrate these associations in a really symbolic system
Bonnaud, Muriel. "Justice et société dans la châtellenie de Bressuire (2e moitié du XVe S. )." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5001.
Full textThis is an evocation of a population and its relation with the justice in a poor and mainly rural area, with the exception of one town: Bressuire, whose prosperity is based upon the textile activity. Precariousness is the rule, though eased by the numerous links of sociability which unite individuals. At the dawn of the second half of the XVth century, society appears pacified: serious crime doesn't appear in registers ; the main preoccupation of both rich and poor people seems to be the defense of their own economic interests. The lord is obviously a stake holder in this justice, because it is indissociable from the recapture of his authority; yet its efficiency was proved by the end of troubled times and benefits to the population; indeed, judicial activity, offering a space for claims and reconciliations, turns out to be the only guarantee of social peace
Haddad, Mohamed Al. "L'Occident chrétien médiéval vu par les historiens arabes d'hier et d'aujourd'hui." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010511.
Full textMoukarzel, Pierre. "La ville de Beyrouth et son commerce avec les villes marchandes européennes à l'époque Mamelouke (1291-1516)." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5016.
Full textDuring the Mamluk era, Beirut occupied an important trading place in Syria. A net of trading exchanges was established with the cities of the Syrian coast, but also with Damascus, Egypt, Cyprus and Europe on the other Mediterranean shore. During this period, Beirut was an active harbour of the mamluk sultanate, widely open to the Mediterranean trade, competed with and even overtook the harbour of Alexandria, the main mamluk harbour. The European merchants, Venetians, Genoeses, Catalans, Florentines, Provincials, Anconitans, Ragusans frequented Beirut and settled there for trade. Beirut was one of the main syrian harbours for loading spices and products coming from the far east. From the beginning of the XVth century, because the politic, economic and military conditions in Syria, the European merchant cities turned their business towards Alexandria. Their relations with Beirut were not interrupted but the volume of their trading exchanges became limited and reduced
Charles-Dominique, Luc. "Musiques de Dieu, musiques du diable : anthropologie de l'esthétique musicale française : du Moyen-Age à l'âge baroque." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0098.
Full textSimon, Aurore-Diane. "Implantations, activités et relations des établissements d'assistance en Bourgogne à la fin du Moyen Age." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796994.
Full textBain, Emmanuel. "Eglise, richesse et pauvreté dans l'occident médiéval : l'éxégèse des Evangiles aux XIIe-XIIIe siècles." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE2025.
Full textGauzente, Boris. "Les abbayes et les couvents de Besançon à la fin du Moyen âge (1350-1500) : des établissements urbains entre crise et renaissance : implantations, organisations et relations extérieures." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1035.
Full textWhere we introduce Besançon’s abbeys and convents History between 1350 and 1500. How several establishments – different by their ages, lifestyles, activities and religious functions - try to face the same events - demographic, economic, religious crises and wars of the low Middle Ages - according to their own customs and with different material and spiritual success. The regular canons of Saint-Paul, the Benedictines of Saint-Vincent and the Cistercians of Notre-Dame of Battant distinguish themselves from mendicants friars - Dominicans, Franciscans and Carmelites - and even more with Clarisses, returned to a strict rule of poverty by Colette, reformer nun of the order of St. Clare at the beginning of the XVth century. From the municipal sources and the ancient archives of these abbeys and convents, we tried to understand what was the reality of such establishments in these disturbed time. We mainly held the material subjects (buildings and the many construction sites mentioned as well as an approach of the temporal in the county of Burgundy and in the city of Besançon), the social study of the monks and the nuns as well as their organization within their respective community and their roles. The municipal archives, a strikingly rich fund, allowed us to understand how the monastic and conventual establishments of the city of Besançon fitted into the urban, economic and religious life, and what were their relations with the city authorities. In this search for the links with the outside, we also mentionned the case of the count of Burgundy, lord of the province but not of the city, who is also the duke of Burgundy, to try to understand how nuns and monks open to the world in a time when the laic power tends to assert itself especially since the pope ones are weakened by the Western Schism and the conciliar crisis which follows
Garzon, Ramirez Fernando. "L'union du divin et de l'humain : le Royaume de Dieu dans l'oeuvre de Saint Bonaventure." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040097.
Full textFor saint Bonaventure (1217-1274), the kingdom of god is the union of divinity with humanity. God communicates his divinity to man, thus restoring the dignity of the original human condition. Through this relation with god, man reaches fulfillment in the majestic condition in which he was created. Divinity can be recognized through his constant actions throughout history for the salvation of all creatures. From the creation of the world and of man, in spite of all the inconsistencies and stupefying actions that seemed to imperil the original plan of creation, god has shown a providential desire for unity and harmony. Man, an intelligent and free being, is called upon to lead this communion to its fulfillment. The object of man and all creation is happiness. This will be reached when god will reside wholly in all creatures, in the definitive and eternal fulfillment of his kingdom of glory. We note that man is united with divinity through the kingdom of god following the same path as humanization of god in the incarnation of Christ. It is in day to day existence that the present of the kingdom of god "here and now" becomes reality. Thus, the search for the truth that is god takes place in the arena of history. History, therefore, is not just the science of the past, but the study of the future of creation, of man, and of humanity in god. Humanity tries to decipher her current state through analysis of the past, and it is through the future that she will reach fulfillment. This thesis describes the theologico-historical context within which the originality of saint Bonaventure’s doctrine on the kingdom of god becomes evident (the evangelical experience of saint Francis of Assis and the reflections of Joachim of Fiore). It establishes the kingdom of god as the work of the trinity, and shows the link between anthropology and theology in saint Bonaventure’s works