Academic literature on the topic 'Christian teachers Australia'

The intersection between schools and the higher education institutions that prepare graduates for teaching in schools is driven by secular agendas. These agendas showcase knowledge transfer as a key indicator of effective learning and teaching. However, the preparation of graduate teachers for service in Christian schooling systems cannot be limited to an exclusive focus that places emphasis on knowledge transfer as a means to an end. Employers of teachers for Christian educational contexts, including Catholic education, desire teachers who are competent in their discipline area(s) and are able to draw confidently upon their Christian beliefs and values in a way that informs their professional work as educators. This article proposes that the intersection between higher education and schools needs to be navigated more effectively in the preparation of teachers for Christian schooling systems who are responsible for approximately one-third of the student population in Australia. The role of the teacher in Christian educational contexts is explored, drawing on practical theological insights into the teacher as Christian witness. Secular perspectives on effective teaching and learning in higher education teacher training courses are considered in the light of teacher preparation for Christian schooling systems. Approaches to teaching and providing opportunities for students to belong to a community in learning, as well as planning time for students to critically reflect on learning, are proposed as possible examples of how to help prepare teachers for service in Christian schooling systems.

In elite boys’ schools there is a level of anxiety about the perceived place of the curricular subject drama and how it might interact or interfere with the ironclad essentialist and homogenous masculinity promoted by elite all-boys’ schools. The feminization of the drama and the suspicion of males who “do drama” create a duplicitous tension for boys who take the subject as they walk the gendered tightrope between the expected public display of the “muscular Christian” and the tantalizing “drama faggot.” This paper offers some reflections about observations on and interviews with boys who “do drama” inside the male-only worlds of the Great Public School (GPS) of Brisbane, Australia. In these schools I observed masculinities were constantly disrupted (perhaps uniquely) in the drama classroom and explored by male drama teachers who provided a space in which to playfully interrogate the “muscular Christian ideal” of a boys’ school.

Abstract This paper proposes a focus on human experience as the locus of identity construction and meaning making and presents a dialogical framework of Christian spirituality as a heuristic for teacher professional learning in religious education in Australian Catholic schools. Firstly the paper explores spirituality as a growing area of interest for young people today and its relation to identity formation for teachers and students in Australian Catholic schools. Secondly it presents a relatable theological framework of spirituality as an opening to transformative dialogue and self-reflection. Finally it describes the four paradigms of spirituality of the framework and the curriculum possibilities they raise.

An interview with Kimie Takahashi, International Christian University, Tokyo Sponsored by the Gender Awareness in Language Education (GALE) SIG Over the course of her international career as a sociolinguist, Kimie Takahashi has spent many years working in Australia and Thailand. She has published widely on gender, race, and language learning, which she addresses in her new book Language Learning, Gender and Desire: Japanese Women on the Move (2013, Multilingual Matters). Takahashi is also the co-founder of the sociolinguistics website Language on the Move <languageonthemove.org>. In this interview, Takahashi discusses the motivation behind her research and the concept of akogare and its relationship with second language learning. With many of our students learning English being women, the concepts behind Takahashi’s research is of great interest to any language teacher—male or female. Such knowledge can help deepen our understanding of language learning and of our students. The title of her JALT2014 talk is Gendering Intercultural Communication—Asian Women on the Move. Takahashi completed her doctorate with the University of Sydney in 2006, and is now Visiting Associate Professor in the Department of Society, Culture, and Media at the International Christian University, Tokyo. Takahashi’s research interests focus on gender, race, bilingualism, and second language learning and use in transnational contexts.

The article deals with the problems of formation of spiritual and moral values of children in the creative heritage of the great Ukrainian teacher Grygoriy Vaschenko. The author analyzes the main approaches of the teacher to the tasks of spiritual and moral upbringing of youth. The deep significance of the scholar's opinion on the assimilation by younger generations of national traditions, cultural heritage of the people and the presence of the ideal for imitation is emphasized. The importance of the Christian foundation in the formation of two basic principles of the educational ideal – Christian morality and Ukrainian spirituality is characterized. The expediency of the Ukrainian teacher's explanation of the strategy of close interaction of such institutes of education as the family, educational institutions, church and society is shown. It is proved that the spiritual and moral aspects of the heritage of G. Vashchenko are basic in the conception of the Ukrainian educational ideal.The modern paradigm of education involves recognizing man as the main value that develops in conjunction with the global world. The ideas and thoughts of G. Vashchenko are needed today in Ukraine, especially in the development of the national education system, in particular on such important issues as spirituality and morality. The purpose of the article is to study the role and place of the spiritual and moral upbringing of the individual in the development of the concept of the Ukrainian educational ideal in the heritage of the outstanding Ukrainian teacher of the twentieth century G. Vashchenko.The analysis of the scientific works of G. Vashchenko proves that the problem of the spiritual and moral upbringing of the individual is one of the leading in the creative heritage of scientist. Since morality is closely linked to the nature of man, the conditions of his life, religious be liefs, then there are systems of morality inherent in individual peoples, - said G. Vashchenko. The system of morality of every nation characterizes the solution of the main issues: the nature of man, the main purpose of his life and the criteria of morality. According to the educator, most of the population in Europe, America and Australia adhere to Christian morals. The pedagog is convinced that the ideal of the Ukrainian is based on two basic principles: Christian morality and Ukrainian spirituality. G. Vashchenko developed a model of the educational ideal of Ukrainian youth, in particular aspects of the theory of national moral education ("Education of the will and character" (1952-1957), "Education of love for the motherland" (1954), "Educational ideal" (1964), "Moral Christian and communist "(1962).G. Vashchenko noted that the norms of morality were created, perfected by the Ukrainian people for centuries. He believed that the family values laid the foundation for the purity of relations in the family, regulate the relations of different generations, promote the development of such concepts as marital fidelity, become the constituent elements of culture inherent in Ukrainians and their historical heritage. It is in the family that the foundations of the formation of moral values in children are laid, the need for their mastering is raised. The teacher emphasized that in the process of moral education of a person it is necessary to form in it a national awareness, love to his native land, language, customs, traditions. The moral education of G. Vashchenko is inseparable from religiousness. G. Vashchenko emphasized the importance of moral and religious education of youth. He paid special attention to the upbringing of patriotism in the Ukrainian youth on a Christian basis G. Vashchenko saw the moral and spiritual perfection of personality in the education of love for work.In solving the problems of moral education, the teacher paid special attention to the formation of such qualities in personality as availability of a worldview, based on an idealistic-religious basis, high principles, honesty, humanity and kindness, sociability and solidarity, courtesy, respect for the elders, restraint in behavior and utterances; discipline, tolerance, ability not to be lost in defeats, decisiveness.Analyzing G. Vashchenko's creative heritage, we draw the conclusion that in the concept of national education, developed by the teacher, the problems of spiritual education of Ukrainian youth take on a priority place. According to G. Vashchenko's heritage, the path to spirituality lies: first, through the acquisition of national culture - folklore, literature, and art; and secondly, through the transfer of traditions, customs that are national in nature; and thirdly, due to the increase in the level of consciousness of citizens. The system of values of the rising generation should be formed in such a worldview, which is based on spiritual and moral components.Thus, the study leads to the conclusion that G. Vashchenko's pedagogical heritage is based on the Christian traits of education and aims at the revival of morality in society and the resolution of one of the most important tasks by the Ukrainian people: to bring to a high level their spiritual culture, education, science and art, to become at the same level with the advanced peoples of Europe and America.The study made it possible to distinguish the following provisions: first, in the concept of the Ukrainian national educational ideal, the main role is assigned to the formation of spiritual and moral values; secondly, the spiritual and moral upbringing of the individual in the concept of the Ukrainian-educational ideal takes the priority place; thirdly, the principles of Christian morality and Ukrainian spirituality must necessarily be combined with national values; fourth, the ways of forming the basic principles of the Ukrainian educational ideal are closely linked to the means of religious education, the formation of a person's outlook through the influence of the family, school, language, the acquisition of national culture, the transfer of traditions, customs; fifthly, in the formation of spiritual and moral values, an important factor is the close interaction of such institutions of education as the family, educational institutions, the church and society.

Forgiveness is a complex theological concept and a complicated and nuanced reality. In this article we hear the voices of two women writing from the standpoint of Christian theology. First, Evelyn Underhill, a British, mystical theologian and spiritual director (1875–1941) who was the first woman to lecture in theology at the University of Oxford. In her retreat talks, “Abba,” Underhill teaches that forgiveness is “supernatural,” a reality enabled by the Spirit. Second, Underhill’s insights are “earthed” and critically reflected upon by being placed in dialogue with Monique Lisbon, a contemporary, Australian songwriter and survivor of child sex abuse. Excerpts from Underhill’s spiritual direction further ground and flesh out her spiritual theology concerning forgiveness. The article closes with hope, affirming Underhill’s theology that forgiveness is “supernatural,” yet questions remain concerning the complexity of the forgiveness journey for victims of the most heinous of crimes.

Abstrak: Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang kepemimpinan kepala sekolah perempuan di SMP Kristen Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Prosedur pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan pola interaktif data. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan metode triangulasi dan member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas kepemimpinan dalam mewujudkan sekolah efektif bukan ditentukan oleh karakteristik gender. Kunci keberhasilan kepala sekolah perempuan dalam mewujudkan sekolah efektif ditentukan oleh kemampuannya dalam merancang dan merealisasikan visi dan misi serta tujuan sekolah serta kemampuanya dalam mengelola sekolah dengan efektif melalui pendayagunaan seluruh potensi yang dimiliki sekolah serta jalinan kerjasama yang sinergis dengan stakeholders sekolah. Abstract: In general, this study aims to describe the leadership of the female school principal at Palangka Raya Christian Middle School. This research is a qualitative research with a case study design. Data collection procedures using observation, in-depth interviews and study of documentation. Data analysis using interactive data patterns. Data validity was checked by triangulation and member check methods. The results showed that the effectiveness of leadership in realizing effective schools was not determined by gender characteristics. The key to the success of female school principals in realizing an effective school is determined by their ability to design and realize the vision and mission and goals of the school as well as their ability to manage schools effectively through the utilization of all the potential of the school as well as synergistic collaboration with school stakeholders. References: Fadhli, M. (2016). Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah yang Efektif dalam Menciptakan Sekolah Efektif. Jurnal Tarbiyah, 23(1), 23-44. Fauzuddin. (2011). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah. Disertasi tidak dipublikasikan. Universitas Negeri Malang: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Malang. Diterima dari http://repository.um.ac.id/63845/. Growe, R., & Montgomery, P. (2000). Women and the Leadership Paradigm: Bridging the Gender Gap. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242783132_ Women_and_the_leadership_paradigm_bridging_the_gender_gap. Handayani, T. (2005). Konsep dan Teknik Penelitian Gender. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang. Kartono, K. (2002). Pemimpin dan Kepemimpinan: Apakah Pemimpin Abnormal Itu?. Jakarta: CV. Rajawali. Komariah, A., & Triatna, C. (2010). Visionary Leadershp Menuju Sekolah Efektif. Bandung. Bumi Aksara. Kristiyanti, E. I., & Muhyadi. (2015). Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 3(1), 37-49. doi: https://doi.org/10.21831/amp.v3i1.6270. Kunandar. (2007). Guru Profesional. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Lunenburg, F. C., & Ornstein, A. C. (2004). Educational Administration Concepts and Practices. Fourth Edition. Australia: Thomson Wadsworth. Macbeath, J., & Mortimore, P. (2005). Improving School Effectiveness: Memperbaiki Efektivitas Sekolah. Jakarta: PT. Grasindo. Mardiah, A. (2019). Implementasi Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Jurnal Administrasi dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 1(1), 1-7. doi: 10.31219/osf.io/9zrfm. Marhawati, B. (2017). Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Perempuan pada Sekolah Efektif. Jurnal Manajemen dan Supervisi Pendidikan, 1(2), 122-127. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Analisis Data Kualitatif Buku Sumber tentang Metode-Metode Baru. Jakarta: UI Press. Moerdiyanto, (2007, 22-24 June). Manajemen Sekolah Indonesia yang Efektif Melalui Penerapan Total Quality Management. Paper presented at IMEC 2007, Bayview Beach Resort, Penang, Malaysia. Retrieved from http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/ penelitian/Drs.%20Moerdiyanto,%20M.Pd./ARTIKEL%20MANAJEMEN%20SEKOLAH%20EFEKTIF.pdf. Muhlifah, A., & Haqiqi, A. K. (2019). Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Quality, 7(2), 48-63. Mutjahid. (2011). Pengembangan Profesi Guru. Malang: UIN-Maliki Press. Nurdin. (2011). Manajemen Sekolah efektif dan Unggul. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 13(1), doi: https://doi.org/10.17509/jap.v13i1.6387. Sagala, S. (2008). Administrasi Pendidikan Komtemporer. Bandung: Alfabeta.? Sagala, S. (2010). Manajemen Strategik dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan. Bandung: Alfabeta. Saroni, M. (2006). Manajemen Sekolah: Kiat Menjadi Pendidik yang Kompeten. Jogjakarta: Ar- Ruzz. Scheerens, J. (1992). Effective Schooling Research: Theory and Practice. London: Cassell. Shannon, G. S., & Bylsma, P. (2007). Nine Characteristics of High-Performing Schools: A Research-Based Resource for Schools and Districts to Assist with Improving Student (2nd Ed.). Olympia, WA: OSPI. Teddlie, C., & Stringfield, S. C. (1993). Schools Make a Difference: Lessons Learned from a 10 Years Study of School Effect. New York: Teachers’ College Pres. The Conversation. (2020). Kepala Sekolah Perempuan di Indonesia: Saat Ini Masih Sedikit dan Kita Butuh Lebih Banyak. Diterima dari https://theconversation.com/kepala-sekolah-perempuan-di-indonesia-saat-ini-masih-sedikit-dan-kita-butuh-lebih-banyak -137622. Umar, N. (2001). Argumen Kesetaraan Jender Perspektif Al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Paramadina. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Uyung, S. (2004). Manajemen Perubahan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Wahjosumidjo. (2002). Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah: Tinjauan Teoritik dan Permasalahannya. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Wardani, A., Munandar, M. A., & Makmuri. (2013). Peran Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Perempuan Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Guru (Studi di SMAN 12 Semarang). Unnes Civic Education Journal, 2(2), 8-15. Diterima dari https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ucej/article/view/2166.

Millennial era life is a big challenge, humans need a strong footing to face all the problems. Religion is God's guidance that becomes the handle of life and it is important to instill religious beliefs early on. The purpose of this study was to find the cultivation of religiosity in preschool children in Kindergarten Aisyiyah Branch and Kindergarten Santa Maria in Kartasura Regency. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection tools, namely interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. Data validated using triangulation of methods and sources. The results showed that the religiosity of planting in the TK Aisyiyah Kartasura branch had more burdens than in the Santa Maria Kindergarten. While its nature is more balanced between vertical ritual content and horizontal content in TK Aisyiyah Kartasura branches compared to TK Santa Maria. The cultivation of moral education is carried out through a step-by-step process starting with teaching to say and answer greetings (Islam), saying good morning and evening to non-Muslims and inviting children to always pray in every activity. Vertical ritual planting in TK Aisyiyah Kartasura branch has more burden through the practice of prayer, memorizing prayers and memorizing short letters from the Qur'an all in Arabic compared to TK Santa Maria only emphasizes the memorization of prayer in Indonesian. Keywords: Inculcation religiosity, Pre-schoolers, Local content curriculum References: Adams, K., Bull, R., & Maynes, M. L. (2016). Early childhood spirituality in education: Towards an understanding of the distinctive features of young children’s spirituality. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 24(5), 760–774. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2014.996425 Arce, E.-M. (2000). Curriculum for Young Children: An Introduction. (New York: Delmar Thomson Learning. Banerjee, K., & Bloom, P. (2015). “Everything Happens for a Reason”: Children’s Beliefs About Purpose in Life Events. Child Development, 86(2), 503–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12312 Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Syvertsen, A. K., & Roehlkepartain, E. C. (2012). Is youth spiritual development a universal developmental process? An international exploration. Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(6), 453–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.732102 Bridges, L. J., & Moore, K. a. (2002). Religion and Spirituality in Childhood and Adolescence. Child Trends, 1–59. Retrieved from http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2002/01/Child_Trends-2002_01_01_FR_ReligionSpiritAdol.pdf Davies, T. (2019). Religious education and social literacy: the ‘white elephant’ of Australian public education. British Journal of Religious Education, 41(2), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2017.1324758 Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Depdikbud. (2007). Pedoman Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pos PAUD:(Direktorat PAUD, 2006) Direktorat PAUD Grand Design Program Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Non- formal tahun 2007-20015. Indonesia. Eva L., E. (2013). Introduction to Early Childhood Education. Belmont: Wadsworth. Fisher, J. (2013). Assessing spiritual well-being: Relating with God explains greatest variance in spiritual well-being among Australian youth. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 18(4), 306–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2013.844106 Granqvist, P., & Nkara, F. (2017). Nature meets nurture in religious and spiritual development. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 35(1), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12170 Heiphetz, L., Lane, J. D., Waytz, A., & Young, L. L. (2016). How Children and Adults Represent God’s Mind. Cognitive Science, 40(1), 121–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12232 Henderson, A. K. (2016). The Long Arm of Religion: Childhood Adversity, Religion, and Self-perception Among Black Americans. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 55(2), 324–348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12262 Holloway, S. D. (1999). The Role of Religious Beliefs in Early Childhood Education: Christian and Buddhist Preschools in Japan. ERCP Early Chilhood Research and Practice, 1(2). Retrieved from http://ecrp.illinois.edu/v1n2/holloway.html Kienstra, N., van Dijk-Groeneboer, M., & Boelens, O. (2018). Religious-Thinking-Through Using Bibliodrama: An Empirical Study of Student Learning in Classroom Teaching. Religious Education, 113(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2017.1403788 King, U. (2013). The spiritual potential of childhood: Awakening to the fullness of life. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 18(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2013.776266 Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., Hanhimäki, E., & Tirri, K. (2018). The implications of teachers’ implicit theories for moral education: A case study from Finland. Journal of Moral Education, 47(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2017.1374244 Scott, K. (2014). Inviting young adults to come out religiously, institutionally and traditionally. Religious Education, 109(4), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2014.924790 Suyadi, Destiyanti, A. Z., & Sulaikha, N. A. (2019). Perkembangan Nilai Agama-Moral Tidak Tercapai pada Anak Development of Religious-Moral Values Not Reached in Basic Age Children : A Case Study in Class SD Muhammadiyah. 6(1), 1–12.

05–188Comber, Barbara (U of South Australia, Australia; Barbara.Comber@unisa.edu.au), Making use of theories about literacy and justice: teachers re-searching practice. Educational Action Research (Oxford, UK) 13.1 (2005), 11–26.05–189Gu, Qing (Nottingham U, UK; qinggu@yahoo.com), Intercultural experience and teacher professional development. RELC Journal (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA) 36.1 (2005), 5–22.05–190Heilbronn, Ruth (Institute of Education, U of London, UK; r.heilbronn@ioe.ac.uk), The National Strategy for KS3 and its application to modern foreign language teaching. Language Learning Journal (Rugby, UK) 30 (2004), 42–49.05–191Orland-Barak, Lily (Haifa U, Israel), Portfolios as evidence of reflective practice: what remains ‘untold’. Educational Research (London, UK) 47.1 (2005), 25–44.05–192Tsou, Wenli (National U of Taiwan, China; wtsou@mail.nutn.edu.tw), The effects of cultural instruction on foreign language learning. RELC Journal (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA) 36.1 (2005), 39–57.05–193Walkington, Jackie (Canberra U, Australia), Becoming a teacher: encouraging development of teacher identity through reflective practice. Asia Pacific Journal of Teacher Education (ATEA, Australia) 33.1 (2005), 53–64.05–194Zacharias, Nugrahenny T. (Satya Wacana Christian U of Indonesia, Indonesia; ntz_abac@yahoo.com), Teachers' beliefs about internationally-published materials: a survey of tertiary English teachers in Indonesia. RELC Journal (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA) 36.1 (2005), 23–37.

Doctor of Education
The teaching and learning field has been renowned for being a rapidly changing and multifaceted environment. Moreover, being both intensely personal and public, the process of cultivating, discovering and relaying knowledge has also been influenced from a wide range of participating individuals to the broader groups in society. Such numerous possibilities for interaction have highlighted the difficulty of defining ‘good’ teaching and learning, especially considering the growing objectivism of modern day value systems. An increasing number of educators have thereby responded to this confusion by returning to more fundamental and holistic views of ‘knowing’ the ‘other.’ Such rising concerns for holistic teaching and learning practices represent many exciting possibilities for developments towards authenticity and autonomy, as teachers become responsible explorers of their profession. The current study is an autoethnography of my own teaching experiences at a small Korean Christian University. It captures my desires to develop greater sensitivity and empathy as a critical teacher practitioner, and further documents efforts to acquire aesthetic and creative skills as a writer. Ultimately, through my experiences as a teacher researcher, I have sought to develop a deeper picture of the knowing process as a rich and mutual dialogue between the 'knower' and the 'other.’ To do this, I have constructed eight stories based on my teaching experiences. The first describes the reflections accompanying my experiences of writing, whilst the next three involve narrative portrayals of certain striking colleagues and students. The following two stories convey the ‘faith’ and ‘acceptance’ experienced through the study, and the last two act as a form of reflective closure to the overall teaching and researching experience Since I believed that the symbolic and holistic nature of story writing could convey the depth, complexity and open-endedness of the knowing process, I have chosen narratives and reflective writing to capture and depict my experiences (Van Manen, 1997). Interviews and journals writing of my students and my colleagues have also been included to further explore these ideas. Accordingly, this current study seeks to portray a view of 'knowing' that enables teachers and students to become co-researchers, who can cultivate sensitivity, creativity and empathy towards the 'other.’

This qualitative research study focusses on ‘The professional experience of Irish Catholic women teachers in Victoria from 1930 to 1980’. The research is based on a collection of reconstructed oral histories derived from interviews conducted with twenty-two Irish Catholic women, both lay and religious, who were primary and secondary teachers in Victoria, Australia. The professional lives reflected in these stories span from the 1930 to 1980. This study explores how Irish women teachers experienced education in Australian Catholic schools in Victoria in terms of curriculum, pedagogy, discipline, culture and religious traditions.

‘a national monument’ David Martin, TLS Over 6,500 entries First published to great acclaim in 1957, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church is firmly established as an indispensable resource for members of the clergy, and an invaluable tool for academics, teachers, and students of church history and theology, as well as for the general reader. It encompasses theology, churches and denominations, patristic scholarship, the Bible, the Church calendar and organization, and biographical entries of many of its leaders. The Fourth Edition represents a shift in focus to a more global perspective, with expanded coverage of Christianity in Asia, Africa, Latin America, North America, and Australasia, and a wider range of voices and viewpoints. Significant updates have also been incorporated on liturgy, canon law, non-Anglican missionary activity, moral and pastoral theology, and recent and international developments, among many other topics.