Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CHR an second de la République'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 40 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'CHR an second de la République.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lin, Li-Rong Marianne. "La question chinoise du Second Empire à la IIIe République." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010281.
Full textDeschamps, Viviane. "Histoire de l'administration de l'Opéra de Paris : Second Empire-Troisième République." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040174.
Full textThe administration of the Opera de Paris (Second Empire - Third Republic) is a problem because the state could not dissociate itself from what is really a public utility undertaking. For the reason that the financial problems are weighty, the government seek after a formula which could make "brightly" but without being expensive. The administration of the National academy of music and danse that is also the daily administration, with all its problems which comes from the diverging requirements of the public, the artists, the employees, and the ministers. . . And also all the persons who are living around that institution, as, for example, the "marchands de billets" but also, the notion of the opera is changing certainly, as like as the public
Bonel-Elliott, Imelda. "La politique de l'enseignement du second degré en République d'Irlande 1963-1993." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030090.
Full textThis thesis is about post-primary education policy in the Republic of Ireland between 1963 and 1993. Its aim is to see who has controlled and influenced the evolution of post-primary education policy over the last thirty years. Public policy and decision making theories are used to analyze Irish educational policy. Th reader can observe that the Catholic Church almost had a monopoly of general education in 1963. Publicly funded vocational schools only catered for short courses of continuing education. At the beginning of the sixties, changes inside and outside the country led the Minister to put the reform of the education system on the political agenda. In order to implement reform, the Minister had to consult the Catholic Church which was the most powerful interest group in the education system. In 1963, the Minister only had to have bilateral discussions with the Catholic hierarchy, once he had the government approval, in order to implement reform. From bilateral discussions during the sixties, we have moved to multilateral discussions today, with a labour minister for education organizing a national education convention during which forty two interest groups will publicly
Yie, Sook-Kyung. "La dualité de l'école secondaire du second cycle de la Corée du Sud, dans sa dynamique." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100036.
Full textThe reform for the equalization of the secondary education had produced the undeirable phenomena in South Korea. This study began with the question as to the reason of these phenomena: the particularity of the private high schools, the new disparities issued from the reform, the anomalies of the secondary education and the continuation of the ideological conflict among the students. With the assumption that an attribution of the high school of south Korea affected these phenomena and with the definition of this attribution as the duality of the schooling, firstly this study concentrated upon the consideration of the historical characteristics of the schooling in Korean society: the confucian humanism in the traditional education, the process of formation of the modern school, the colonial educational policy. Secondarily, the situations resulting the reform, the education al expansion and the ideological homogenization in the school, were analyzed on the socio-institutional view point. Through this analysis, this study proposed three explicative elements for the duality of the schooling: the engrossment for the instruction, the ideological struggle and the autonomy relative. And three categories of the duality were presented: the double interest, meritocratic and equalitarian, the double fonction, homogenization and struggle, and the double logic of the evolution, history determined by the given society and the autonomy relative
Niambi-Mayasi, Batiotila. "Déperdition des effectifs scolaires du second degré au Zaïre : le devenir professionnel des jeunes qui abandonnent leurs études en cours du cycle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29291.
Full textMartelli, Isabelle. "Egée et Italie méridionale dans la deuxième moitié du second millénaire av. J. -Chr. : l'archélogie d'un mythe à travers la mémoire d'anciennes écritures." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040038.
Full textSumming the archaeological achievement of these last twenty years seems necessary as field-work data are in constant evolution in Southern Italy. Potsherds founded in Monte Grande site (Agrigento) could be the «realia» of Aegean maritime trade. This documentation seems to support the «legendary» Cretan talassocracy. The Portella prehistoric village, in Salina (Eolian island), is complementary to this exchanges framework. The Egeo-Cypriot pithoi pot-sherds are part of the traffic towards the West. Monte Grande and Eolian archipelago en-graved potsherds could illustrate through Aegean cultural «signs» the historical substratum of these legends. We shall side with those who think that the historical element creates the myth and not the opposite. In Briatico (Vibo Valentia), a Minoan type seal discovery, would attest as well, the precocity of links between Calabrian emergent groups and Aegean world. In At-tica and Eubea, the presence of Protogeometric and Geometric bell-shaped figurines with spindle whorls leads us to believe in the existence of a divinity dedicated to weaving (Beotian bell-shaped figurine) and to maintain the M. Maaskant Kleibrink hypothesis of a House of Weaving and a weaving divinity in Francavilla Marittima in the late VIIIth century B. C. We found possible traces of this worship in Mycenaean and Minoan periods. Weaver weights of Francavilla Marittima with their labyrinths testify the complexity of these cultural exchanges. The Bérard observation which principal legendary centres (Lagaria), most of them obscure lo-calities that were not directly colonized may have today a historical base if we consider the sanctuary of Athena in Francavilla Marittima (not far from the Greek Sybaris)
Vottero, Michaël. "La peinture de genre en France sous le Second Empire et les premières années de la Troisième République 1852-1878." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040259.
Full textThe Second Empire coincides with a time of important changes and jumble of pictorial categories at the Salon. History painting becomes scarce in comparison with genre painting. Public opinion is then torn between the decadence of the French school and the glory of contemporary creation. Linked to Reaslism, anecdote and colourful rendering, genre painting is willing to give an evocation of everyday life. These paintings, though generally considered as minor creations, are ennobled by State purchases in 1848, and by those of the Imperial couple after that, thus illustrating the public’s keen interest for funny, moving, sometimes enlightening scenes. Influenced by social sciences, political reforms and literature, the genre painter offers a new vision of every day life. For many critics, genre scenes are a reflection of their ideals, and appear to be the archetypal art of the Second Empire, the only one which will enable their time to go down in history with the correct rendering. By freeing the artists from stranglehold of history and religion, genre painting enables them to consider the pictorial technique more freely and even to revolutionize it, like the impressionists who multiplied contemporary scenes. A reflection of the tastes of an era, the genre scene of the Second Empire illustrates also the unprecedented rise in the marketing of art. The bonds that exist between genre painting and the regime under which it knows its greatest success probably explain the reaction which followed the 1870 war which gives back to France its great History painting, abandoning the “easy” subjects which ruled under the previous regime. This thesis attempts to rehabilitate painters and pieces fallen into oblivion but nowadays appearing to be important for the understanding of a time’s taste, that of the Second Empire
Gonod, Pascale. "Édouard Laferrière : un juriste au service de la République." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010252.
Full textA lawyer and journalist during the second empire, Laferrière (1841-1901) belong to the generation of republican opponents who, as they drew their inspiration from the 1789 ideals and the positivist philosophy dreant of a republic which would lead to changes without entailing upheavals. As the republic whas poclaimed, laferriere placed himself in the service of the state and made his carer at the conseil d’état; president of the legal department after staying fort un short while at the direction générale de l'administration des cultes (1879), he became its vice-president. This experience and his lecturing at the faculty of law of Paris (1883) enabled him to write his "traité de la juridiction administrative et des recours contentieux", owing to which he became the founder of modern administrative law. Clarifying and systematizing he principles of the administrative legal mathers, he developed a code of analysis of the administrative law which expounds the conditions under which the administration should be dubjected to the law. The specificity of administrative action acounts for the administrative jurisdiction whose conception was reformed to comply with the guarantes inherent in any juridictional control. Its intervention is prompted by the appeals Laferrière set about to classify by staying the foundation of the theory of "recours pour excés de pouvoir" the conciliation by the republic of both the necessities of administrative actions and the requirements relating to its limitation testified to the edification of the state under the rule of law. As administrator, he took part in it and as vice-president of the conseil d'état he contributed to fitting this imperial institution in which republic by strengthheing its independence and guaranteeing the balance of its powers. Appointed governor general of Algeria during and uprising (1898), he relied on the support of public opinion. .
Laurent, Frantz. "Charlemagne-Émile de Maupas (1818-1888) : étude d’une trajectoire administrative, politique et notabiliaire, des monarchies censitaires à la Troisième République." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://scd-proxy.univ-brest.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/isbn/9782247233502.
Full textCharlemagne-Émile de Maupas, a prefect who entered politics in the mid-nineteenth century, began to be rediscovered by historians some thirty years ago in the context of a historiographical rereading of the Second Empire. Claude Vigoureux in particular published a pioneering study shedding light on his role as Prefect of Police of the Seine and in the elaboration and execution of the coup d'état of December 2, 1851. His rich and varied career, often reduced to this event, nevertheless deserves to be understood in its entirety, especially as Maupas left numerous private papers, from his first experience as a sub-prefect in Uzès to the prestigious prefecture of Bouches-du-Rhône, via the Ministry of the General Police, the French legation in Naples and the Imperial Senate, which constitute a precious collection for the historian. Our thesis, which is written with the perspective of a total biography, therefore aims to analyze his administrative, political and notabiliary trajectory from the census monarchies to the nascent Third Republic. We also intend to show how this deeply conservative, singular and yet ideal-typical notable who was committed to the monarchical regime mobilized his networks and his capital to build his career
Devigne, Matthieu. "Classe de guerre : Une histoire de l’École entre Vichy et République, 1938-1948." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040145.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the history of French elementary school in the middle decade of the twentieth century. School policy is analyzed through the decisions of ministerial and academic administrations along with its daily enforcement in classes, exemplified by numerous monographs of interest. First, the study attempts to untangle the various aspects of school policy under the French State, relying mainly on the words of its enforcers: ministerial officials, schools inspectors and, of course, teachers. It exposes quantitative investigations on the repressive impact of the regime and on the unprecedented financial public support for free education, in addition to a detailed analysis of the Vichy educational reforms. It then depicts the everyday life of primary schools in the context of war and Occupation. The third part chronicles the restoration of republican school over the national territory, and emphasizes the multiple ideological, educational and material challenges it had to face. Based on a large number of original archives, both private and public, this thesis leads to reevaluate the historiographical standpoint on the history of school of this time. Indeed, the 1940s gave birth to reforms and reflections that made this decade of war a time for experiments and intense learning for the generation of professionals who were to shape the school of the second part of the century. It is in this sense that this historical moment may be called a “war class”
Makiese, Ndoma Flavien. "Dynamique du marché du travail congolais en environnement de crise : une approche par l'informalité d'emplois segmentée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0139.
Full textThis thesis analyses informal employment in the DRC under the assumption of a segmentation. We start with a description of the underlying conditions explaining the emergence, and then spread of informal jobs, which is mainly driven by a structural crisis and the destruction of formal employment in the DRC. The thesis then proposes to reject the uniqueness of the informal sector within the DRC labor market and analyzes its heterogeneity, based on the analyzes of Lautier (2004), Maloney (2004), Fields (2005) and Bacchetta et al. (2009).The thesis therefore highlights the relevance of combining the theories of informality and of segmentation to analyse informal employment in DRC, and applies this framework to two mutually enriching datasets: the 1-2-3 survey, which is quantitative, and qualitative data that we collected in the field and focused on a specific activity: an emerging market for second-hand equipment coming from Europe and called "bilokos" in DRC.The results from these two types of data allow to characterize what we call “the informality of segmented jobs”, a concept that we empirically apply with two levels of analysis: the Characteristics of the informal Activity (C.A.)., and the Profiles of the informal Entrepreneurs (P.E.). Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods allow us to characterize a segmentation in Informal Production Units along four types ranging from lower income to higher income
Saingainy, Marie. "Mgr Dupanloup et la Seconde République : réseaux et combats, 1848-1852." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2038/document.
Full textBishop Dupanloup was one of the leading figures of the liberal Catholicism in France in the 19th century. From the private correspondence of the priest of Savoy, the objective is to highlight the networks which were set up and structured by the priest of Savoy to defend the interests of the Catholic Church in a context of revolutionary tensions.Under the Second Republic, from 1848 to 1851, Dupanloup and his networks particularly focused on the struggle for freedom of education and from 1849 on the struggle for the vote of the Falloux bill, a bill aimed to completely reorganize public and private education. Around Dupanloup an ensemble aggregated, made of parties, networks and personalities of various origins, lay and ecclesiastical, religious and political, who were known as the "Dupanloup party". This "party" relied above all on the "duo" Dupanloup-Montalembert, who turned into a "trio" when Alfred de Falloux became minister of public education and worship with the primary objective of obtaining the freedom for the Secondary education and to support the temporal authority of the pope. Strategies appear in the correspondence and private writings of Dupanloup that form the backdrop of the public action of the pedagogical priest. These epistolary exchanges form a tight grid between individuals sharing more or less the same convictions and objectives and aiming to tilt the revolutionary process in their favor. It is in the private space of correspondence that Dupanloup already built his public action. Studying the networks and the battles of the party of Dupanloup under the Second Republic makes it possible to go back more precisely to a part of history which is quite unknown. The conflicts which agitated the political, social and religious life of the Second Republic were indeed revealing of the ideological, political, social and religious bubbling turmoil of the mid-nineteenth century. It crystallized public debates that still animated the Europe of the 21st century, notably on the question of secularism or the secularization of society. The evolution of Dupanloup's thinking during this period reveals the tensions and dissensions which agitated liberal Catholics themselves but also their relationship with the clergy and with society.It seems relevant to understand how a group of conservative Catholics, a minority itself within the liberal Catholic movement, managed to rise to the top of republican institutions, whereas from 1848 to 1851 revolutionary days multiplied and radicalized. Can we conclude with a victory of the "Dupanloup party"? Was the Social Revolution which aborted in June 1848 a Counter-Revolution or paradoxically a Catholic Revolution ?
Devigne, Matthieu. "Classe de guerre : Une histoire de l’École entre Vichy et République, 1938-1948." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040145.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the history of French elementary school in the middle decade of the twentieth century. School policy is analyzed through the decisions of ministerial and academic administrations along with its daily enforcement in classes, exemplified by numerous monographs of interest. First, the study attempts to untangle the various aspects of school policy under the French State, relying mainly on the words of its enforcers: ministerial officials, schools inspectors and, of course, teachers. It exposes quantitative investigations on the repressive impact of the regime and on the unprecedented financial public support for free education, in addition to a detailed analysis of the Vichy educational reforms. It then depicts the everyday life of primary schools in the context of war and Occupation. The third part chronicles the restoration of republican school over the national territory, and emphasizes the multiple ideological, educational and material challenges it had to face. Based on a large number of original archives, both private and public, this thesis leads to reevaluate the historiographical standpoint on the history of school of this time. Indeed, the 1940s gave birth to reforms and reflections that made this decade of war a time for experiments and intense learning for the generation of professionals who were to shape the school of the second part of the century. It is in this sense that this historical moment may be called a “war class”
Mauduit, Xavier. "Le ministère du faste : la maison du président de la République et la maison de l'empereur (1848-1870)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010571.
Full textGallouët, Laure. "Une politique de la neutralité ? Les stratégies de sécurité et de défense de la Seconde République d'Autriche de 1955 à nos jours." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20063.
Full textAfter ten years of allied occupation (1945-1955), Austria’s international status changed. On October 26, 1955, its Parliament passed the constitutional law on the neutrality of Austria. This sovereign decision of the Austrian State has nonetheless to be considered in the context of the beginning of the Cold War, the Moscow Memorandum and the Austrian State Treaty. Even if Swiss neutrality was seen as a model, the Austrian concept of permanent neutrality demonstrated its uniqueness. As early as 1955, Austria’s accession to membership in the United Nations indicated that its neutrality was based above all on its military character, and that this status did not prevent the Austrian state from taking part in international organizations. This doctoral thesis presents the various challenges faced by the Austrian Second Republic and how neutrality has influenced its strategic decision-making. The approach here is diachronic, since security and defense policy, as well as legal and political interpretation of neutrality, have evolved over time in order to adapt to changes in the international environment
Repetto, Federico. "La formation médiatisée du citoyen en Italie pendant la transition vers la deuxième République." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690917.
Full textGranjard, Benoit. "Un juriste républicain, Emile Acollas : une "refondation" du droit et de la famille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32076.
Full textEmile Acollas (1826-1891), brilliant scholar of law, is a figure whose work demands to be discovered in the judicial world. As a civil rights specialist, he took part in the radical movement and fight against the Second Empire and the Napoleonic Code. He was a man of judicial convictions: throughout his work, he exposes his concept of a Republic that he believes should be governed by Law and Liberty.Acollas’ ambition to institutionalize and perpetuate the Republic leads him to initiate a rethinking of the judicial order. His « democratic ideal » becomes the new order that will serve to carry out this reform. It encompasses the heritage of the principles of 1789 summarized in the theory of the autonomy of the individual. It is this supreme value that will thus guide the revision of Law. In this process of change, priority is to be given to the family as the foundation of society and the cornerstone of the new order. Motivated by his « Idea of Law », Acollas creates this concept of Republican Family Law as a guardian of the individual and of ethics. His naturalistic philosophy of liberty contradicts the paternalistic civil law of the times dictated by the Napoleonic Code. His judicial analyses are pedagogical and bring out the existing gaps in the laws governing marriage and filiation. The evolution of Family Law will consecrate, indirectly, the reforms proposed by this civil rights advocate. The very latest legislative breakthroughs seem to consecrate his plea for equality
Kieffer, Anne. "La correspondance de Juliette Drouet à Victor Hugo sous la Seconde République : édition et étude des années 1848, 1849, 1850 et 1851." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040118.
Full textJuliette Drouet was not only Victor Hugo’s mistress for fifty years. She was also an indefatigable and generous letter writer who leaves for posterity about twenty two thousand letters written daily to Victor Hugo. This important amount of letters are today in the heart of a vast project, which aims to edit them entirely. Placing itself in this project, the present thesis proposes the continuous reading of the letters by Juliette Drouet to Victor Hugo under the Second Republic – from January 1st, 1848 until November 30th, 1851 –, transcribed and annotated. Written during a key period of the History of France and Victor Hugo's life, these letters present at the same time an historical and biographical interest. Drafted daily, they are also for the third reader a new record on the supported woman’s conditions, on the theatrical life in Paris, and on the hygiene and the medicine under the Second Republic. Letters offer a particular literary interest by their important generic porosity between letter, diary and conversation. These letters come along with a critical analysis, which allows highlighting the triple biographical, historical and literary interest of this corpus. Completed by all the tools which requires the understanding of these letters, this thesis provides the biographic summary of the persons quoted by Juliette Drouet as well as a glossary of the words and the expressions used by this last one
Cornu, Claude. "Elections et vie politique dans l'Eure de 1848 à 1914." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUEL016.
Full textFrom 1848 to 1914, the department of l’Eure as a whole kept a cautious conservative attitude, either joigning the established regime as long as it did not question acquired rights and traditional balance, or siding with opposition when the social order seemed to be threatened. As a Bonapartist department under the Second Empire, il elected candidates appointed by the government. After the fall of the empire, the electors gradually joined the republic as long as it showed a reassuring moderate face ; yet they turned away from the radical republic at the time of anticlerical struggles and the bloc des gauches. Though il was conservative, the electorate was not clerical; il turned away from any extreme tendency either right or left-wing. In 1914, the socialists did not get 2% out of the votes. Even the radical party inspired mistrust, except in the district of Évreux. However, one must underline local disparities. Since 1848, the district of Évreux had always been steadily republican and willingly radical. Even under the Second Empire, the opposition managed to get a great number of votes, in spite of the control of public opinion. On the other hand, the four other districts by and large voted conservative. The districts of les Andelys and Bernay were right wing strongholds, whereas in those of Louviers and Pont-Audemer the pendulum swang between right and left depending of circumstances. The department of l’Eure also gave a good example of intense political life: high electoral participation, higher than in the rest of the country, a numerous press (about 40 newspapers in 1914), an active organised republican party confronted with the conservatives. Twice, after electoral failures, radicals and moderate republicans organized permanent committees in every district to prepare the elections. In 1885 and at the beginning of the century. In 1909 their efforts resulted in the creation of a departmental federation. The year after, right-wing currents gathered together to form their own departmental federation known as that of the independent republicans
Hallade, Sébastien. "« A la recherche de la meilleure des républiques ». Les romanciers-feuilletonistes engagés sous la Deuxième République française. Littérature, presse, politique et morales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL036.pdf.
Full textThe title of my thesis partly takes up the title of a satirical novel written by Louis Reybaud, a novelist, columnist and representative of the people, elected to the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences in 1850: Jérôme Paturot à la recherche de la meilleure des Républiques, offered in serials, by extracts, in the spring and summer of 1848. From August 1, 1850, under article 14 of the law on the press passed on July 16, 1850, any serial novel was taxed - until the repeal of this article, after 19 months of existence, by article 36 of the organic decree on the press of February 17, 1852, which took effect on March 1, 1852. Why did the majority of the National Legislative Assembly decide in the summer of 1850, about 29 months after the birth of the Second Republic, to tax serial novels? This PhD is based on the census of 155 authors of committed serial novels and of 952 serial novels published in the press of the departments of the Seine and of the Seine-et-Oise - particularly targeted by the Riancey stamp (after the name of the representative of the people who was behind article 14) - and on a prosopographic approach, in order to retrace the literary and political career and the reception of the authors of serial novels studied. At the crossroads of a political, literary, and religious history, this thesis intends, above all, to question the object of the serial novel and the figure of the 1848 novelist-journalist in light of the moral question under the Second Republic as well as the relevance of the caesura of 1850 as a literary, aesthetic and ethical break
Blacas, Diane de. "La réception critique de la peinture de paysage en France, autour des années 1860-1880." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040071.
Full textThe 1860’s-1880’s, though often considered solely as the period of impressionism, also prove to be decisive years for landscape painting. Throughout the Second Empire, critics unanimously claim its success. At the annual exhibit of the time, the hailed artists were: Paul Huet (1803-1869), Théodore Rousseau (1812-1867), Camille Corot (1796-1875), Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) and Charles Daubigny (1817-1878). With the advent of the Republic, these views changed, shifting the perception of landscapes as an “inferior” form of painting. But alongside the rise in independent exhibitions and the power of critics, many painters remained attached to the Salon, where the careers were decided. Articles from the time reveal that those dominating the genre were: Camille Bernier (1823-1902), Emile Breton (1831-1902), Charles Busson (1822-1908), Emmanuel Damoye (1847-1916), Camille Delpy (1842-1910), Antoine Guillemet (1841-1918), Emmanuel Lansyer (1835-1893) and Léon-Germain Pelouse (1838-1891). The press discussed the evolution of landscape painting, progressively abandoning historical landscapes for naturalistic ones where outdoor painting becomes associated with spontaneity and truthfulness, the Critics debating the issue of landscapes and their relevance to the modern world
Bowie, Karen. "L'"éclectisme pittoresque" et l'architecture des gares parisiennes au 19e siècle." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010563.
Full textChuzeville, Julien. "Les courants socialistes et communistes en France sous la IIIe République, du local au transnational, de la monographie à la prosopographie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR001.
Full textStudying the History of the several socialist and communist currents in France since the defeat of the Paris Commune to the Second World War, the emphasis is on essential topics : internationalism, connections with feminism, the critical analysis of imperialism, anticolonialism. Detailed studies are in particular brought upon the primordial time of the socialist unity, the time of the Socialist party SFIO from 1905 to 1914 – from which are later formed all the socialist and communists parties and groups in France. My goal is to try to understand why those socialists campaign, and how they do it. Are their organizational practices consistent with their policy goals ? How do they analyze the world in which they live, and which they want to change ? What is the nature of their internationalism, affirmed even in the name of their party ? What is their place in the labor movement in general ? The historical approach through various focal points is supplemented in particular by the study of grassroots activism (section meetings), attention to militant journeys over the long term, and the perspective of socialists from other countries (for example in examining the attitude and writings of Rosa Luxemburg during the Dreyfus affair)
Choisel, Francis. "Gaullisme et bonapartisme." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596716t.
Full textHeiniger, Alix. "Engagement et identité : les militants antifascistes des organisations Freies Deutschland de l’exil à l’Ouest (Belgique, France, Suisse) à la RDA des années 1970 (1943-1975)." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0024.
Full textThis PHD dissertation studies the activists of the organisations Freies Deutschland (FD) in Belgium, France and Switzerland during the Second World War. Reproducing the model of the Nationalkomitee « Freies Deutschland », founded in Moscow in July 1943 by German communists and prisoners of war, they tried to gather Nazi regime opponents in Western Europe. The dissertation analyses the political engagement of these activists with the help of a biographical methodological approach. The commitment of these actors changed during the Liberation in Belgium and France and until spring 1945 in Switzerland. The identity theytried to give themselves also changed when they adopted a discourse more concentrated on their nation and its reconstruction. Finally, after the war and their return in East and West Germany, the SED asked them to write their story in exile to support the official discourse on antifascism. This gave them an occasion to promote their political experience, which was neglected by the party after the war. They produced a memorial narrative on western antifascism
Pommier, Christophe. "Innovation et artillerie en France (1852-1914) : une radicale transformation technologique de l’armement au regard de l’histoire de l’innovation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL147.
Full textFrom 1852 to 1914, Artillery experienced several innovations that revolutionized these and its use. In addition to the emergence and development of these innovations, this thesis aims to understand the challenges they pose to the military world, the responses they provide and the resulting reforms. The war of 1870-1871 thus constitutes a major test for the innovations of the Second Empire - rifled bore and breech loading: the reforms of the following decades ones stem from the lessons which were drawn from them. For artillery, this requires modernizing weaponry to bring it back to German level, and then deliberately and radically innovating by overcoming two structural blockings: replacing black powder and mastering rapid fire. The solutions found - development of a smokeless propellant powder (1884), picric acid (1885) and the quick-firing gun (1896) - constituting real technical successes. However, the command's general conservatism and its doubts, mixed with denial, about the lethal effects of weaponry prevent these innovations from having a strong and rapid impact in military regulations: the destructive potential of picric acid, the change of appearance of the battlefield due to smokeless powders and its saturation in projectiles by the widespread action of relatively unrecognized rapid-fire artillery remain relatively unknown. The heavy human losses at the start of the First World War are the price to pay for this doctrinal maladjustment
Estève, Christian. "Mentalités et comportements politiques dans le Cantal de 1852 à 1914." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100121.
Full textFrom the advent of universal suffrage, one might even say to this day, the Cantal voters have always voted for the outgoing or the winning majority. This cliché largely rests on true facts which this research initially sets out to verify for the 1852-1914 period. As is always the case with popular beliefs, it nevertheless forgets some exceptions that need to be pointed out and forgets to qualify many more subtle points. Hardship in this region surely must have led to such a security oriented vote. Expecting financial support and help of all sorts, railroads, may have been the price to pay in return for electoral loyalty. Beyond this apparent archaism some transformations disappear. The first one was the speeding up of an ongoing process of gallicization of the region. Politization and integration into the nation-state went along. The sudden irruption of central government disrupted the local political game. Power struggles and social conflict gradually changed while the omnipotence of local leaders dwindled. The role of personalities persisted but evolved into "clientelism". By turning the voter into a political player, this system gave him part of his citizenship. Ultimately, the overpowering control of the church over daily life was shattered. Despite the continuity of most religious practices, the secularization of the Cantal community was already completed on the eve of the First World War
Pigeard-Micault, Natalie. "Charles Adolphe Wurtz, doyen de l'École de médecine de Paris (1866-1875)." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910297.
Full textPrieur, Florent Marcel. "Dompter une ville en colère : Genèse, conception et mise en œuvre de la police d’État de Lyon 1800-1870." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20076.
Full textThe law of 19th June 1851 which establishes state control over the police of Lyon marks a major break in the history of urban policing in France. Since the French Revolution, mayors were in charged of the police in all the French municipalities, Paris excepted. From 1851, Lyon thus became an exception. Because it differenced itself by its recurring revolts since the end of the XVIIIth century, because it is considered as the capital of the southeast-part of France and because its population appeared unanimously as refusing any kind of domination, it was considered as a rebel city. During the "people’s spring" marked by the regular uprisings of the partisans of the democratic and social Republic, in June, 1848 then in June, 1849, Lyon became for the authorities, the headquarters of all those who wanted to turn upside down social order in France and even in Europe. Yet, during this period, the police of Lyon gave daily proofs of a total failure to fight criminality, in spite of a general reorganization tempted in autumn 1848.In reaction, the Parisian power gradually put Lyon "outside the common law". The city and its suburbs were firstly deprived of their national guards in July 1848, unlike the other municipalities, because its guards were perceived, between the Rhône and the Saône, as weak in front of riots and quick to turn around against the army and the police. On June 15th 1849, a new uprising burst in Lyon. Repressed by the army, it engaged the general reform of the administrative and police organization of the city and the suburbs. Lyon and the five departments of the 6th military division had immediately been are placed and maintained under state of siege. Firstly tried in autumn 1849, the reform succeeded with the law of 19th June 1851. From then on, Lyon had a state-controlled police, in the hands of the prefect of the Rhône who became a prefect of police, acting in a new administrative entity, the Lyon agglomeration, which included a dozen municipalities and suburbs. The decree of March 24th, 1852 made this reform succeed, by suppressing the mayor and by attributing its functions to the prefect, by annexing the suburban municipalities and by dividing the city into five districts. On the police plan, services were reorganized until 1854, on the basis of the models of Paris, London and Geneva.The State police of Lyon crossed the Second Empire and became the model from which the polices of the prefectures of more than 40 000 inhabitants passed under state control in 1855. Nevertheless, the State police is contested during the 1860s, in the Legislative Corps and the General Council of the Rhône. The republican asked for the restoration of an elected municipality in Lyon, seen as the first step of the return of the city in the police "common law". Gradually, political surveillance of the urban space became increasingly difficult, and the police staff seemed insufficient. Nevertheless, it was the defeat of Sedan that would mark the end of the State police. Once the Republic had been proclaimed, the municipality of Lyon just recomposed took back immediately the direction of the police on September 4th, 1870
Andriot, Antonin. "Entre héritage national et influences britanniques : une histoire croisée du libéralisme et des libéraux français entre 1859 et 1929." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2022UCFAL026_ANDRIOT.pdf.
Full textIs France, as the founder of the École libre des sciences politiques Émile Boutmy wrote in 1901, more inclined by its history to demand “state supervision” than its British neighbor? If this commonplace dies hard, it is essentially because Anglophile liberals in the 19th century, particularly during their opposition to the Second Empire, nurtured a certain admiration for what they considered to be a British model, with a deeply rooted liberal culture, and from which it would be appropriate to be inspired in order to reach a form of political maturity. Beyond appearances, the aim is to understand that French liberalism was the object of a cross-construction, between transnational influences and national hybridizations, particularly from the 1860s to the 1920s, when a liberal-republican culture asserted itself; how did the French liberals work for this constitutional, partisan, cultural transition called for, what were their successes and failures in the face of other competing aspirations, and within the framework of changing contemporary societies in political and social spheres? Through a Franco-British perspective, it is a set of cultural transfers around liberalism that are to be rediscovered, to better understand the development of the regime that is liberal democracy
Charcosset, Gaëlle. "Le politique au village. Histoire sociale de l'institution municipale, 1800-1940. Arrondissement de Villefranche (Rhône)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2058/document.
Full textHistorical researches on the nineteenth century have left aside Municipal institutions, except from the point of view of a prosopography of mayors and municipal elections of the July Monarchy. The contributions of other social sciences - sociology, anthropology, ethnology - have renewed the approaches, as well as the one on precise social history. This research puts forward a social and political analysis of this institution, registered on the long term (1800-1940) and on a tightened ground (a district and more particularly five localities).By means of relational databases allowing the aggregation of data at different scales of time and spaces, it aims at identifying the city councilors (mayors, deputies, councilors) for themselves, in a prosopographic approach, then relatively to define their representativeness (district scale) and to register them in the relationships they maintain with the other actors in municipal life (municipal scale).This analysis brings to light a municipal institution that villagers took over during the 19th century, by recognising an authority to the mayor and which was first shaped in opposition to that of the parish priest and which then overtook the given law framework. In fact, the outrages against them are few and allow to understand not the limits of the authority granted to the function but the lack of exercise of its depositary. In the same way, municipal elections deal with preparation, mobilisation and control -sometimes up to the electoral protest which constitutes then a third roundwhich brings legitimacy to the elected ones.The identification of the city councilors has also qualified the portrait that is generally drawn up: if there are many eligible families sometimes anciently established in the municipalities of exercise, the share of the moveable city councilors remains strong throughout the 19th century before gradually decreasing. The reconstitution of the municipal careers also shows that the access to the municipal council is not definitively acquired because of a real electoral competition
Bunout, Estelle. "Les regards experts sur l’Est en Allemagne et en Pologne : émergence, cristallisation et révision (1918-1972)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0392/document.
Full textThe First World War was the catalyst for social and technical changes, which gave rise to new administrative needs, materialized by the emergence of a new social group: that of the experts. In modern German and Polish states, a particular group of experts stands out, specializing in a theme with deep cultural roots: eastern Europe.The changes of regime and territory between 1918 and 1972 destabilize the frame of reference of the German and Polish societies, particularly between 1939 and 1945. However, the historiography of Eastern German sciences (Ostforschung) emphasizes the personal, institutional and conceptual continuity in the expertise of the East from the "Third Reich" to West Germany. In East Germany and Poland, on the contrary, the change of regime after 1945 renders any continuity impossible, but the question of the evolution of the thought on the East in the circles of the expertise, which maintained, remains asked.By going beyond the analysis of expertise in terms of subordination to the various political regimes to which it is addressed, we highlight the specificities of Eastern expertise. It is characterized by a double anchoring in the collective imagination and in contemporary scientific practices, to express a political goal. This anchorage explains the inertia in the German and Polish conceptions of the East. The comparatist approach emphasizes both the diversity of Eastern conceptions and the comparable social functions of the East, particularly that of the enemy and the space of national projection, past and future
Rico, Gómez María Luisa. "Sociedad y educación en España : las escuelas de formación profesional, 1923-1936." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2022.
Full textThe present thesis analyzes how the Dictatorship of Primo of Rivera (1923-1930) created a project of industrial vocational training who was serving to modernize the economy of the country, to the service of a corporate conception of the State. For the first time, across the Statute of Industrial Education of 1924 and of the Statute of Vocational Training of 1928 the new government was centralizing all the channels of industrial formation of the working young person and of the middle class across the creation of the elementary and high industrial schools. The aims were: economic modernization of the country and to support the socio-political traditional structure by means of a speech and a corporate organization.At the same time, this thesis analyzes like with the arrival of the Second Republic (1931-1936), the corporate and economic sense of the industrial vocational training of the worker was relegated to a background. As what mainly was claimed it was to favor the literacy of the country inside the democratic and liberal values, the project of the dictatorship of the technical instruction of the worker could not be developped as the Statute of Vocational training had raised in 1928
La presente tesis analiza como la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera (1923-1930) creó un proyecto de formación profesional técnico-industrial que servía para modernizar la economía del país, al servicio de una concepción corporativa del Estado. Por primera vez, a través del Estatuto de Enseñanza Industrial de 1924 y del Estatuto de Formación Profesional de 1928 el nuevo gobierno centralizaba todos los canales de formación industrial del joven obrero y de la clase media a través de la creación de las escuelas elementales y superiores de trabajo. El objetivo era alcanzar dos fines: la modernización económica del país y mantener la estructura socio-política tradicional mediante un discurso y una organización corporativa. Al mismo tiempo, estudia como con la llegada de la Segunda República (1931-1936), el proyecto corporativo de la instrucción técnica del obrero no se pudo desarrollar tal como lo había planteado el Estatuto de Formación Profesional en 1928, ya que lo que mayormente se pretendía era favorecer la alfabetización del país dentro de los valores democráticos y liberales
Maloux, Thierry. "À l’ombre d’Angkor, l’action des militaires français au Cambodge, 1863-1954." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL074.
Full textUnder the protecting shadow of the Angkor temples, the French military have left their mark in the history of the French protectorate in Cambodia. We propose to portray this action from three different angles. A political and diplomatic action that embraces the questions related to the Cambodian context, and those related to the regional and international balance of powers. The study seeks to discern what pertains to the personal commitment of the military, and what refers to the political and diplomatic commitments of the French government. A military action that aims to pacify Cambodia, to safeguard the French interests, and to avoid the invasion of the country by the communist forces. The methods and effectiveness of the French military tool in this context are carefully analysed. Finally, the action of the "unarmed soldiers": explorers, archaeologists, ethnologists, writers, etc., who also played a key role in the reconstruction of the Khmer identity, and in reinforcing its presence in the French Indochina. A prosopographic analysis attempts to differentiate, for each of the soldiers involved, the action that can be explained as a personal and sometimes intimate quest, from the action that is part of his mission or that could be considered as the product of the collective work. The nature of the protectorate, created by the French military, and its evolution towards a model inclined to adapt itself to the Khmer invariants and to the French political context, are at the heart of this study. The French military tool in Cambodia is thus revealed through its structuring, functioning and metamorphosis creating an unusual colonial relationship between France and Cambodia
Cornevin, Gérard. ""Cedant arma togae..." : l'institution militaire dans la pensée constitutionnelle et politique de l'an III (1795) à 1962." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1018.
Full textPolitical wisdom is to live a free government, and military power. Study on the organization of armed force in the constitutional thought, and action in political thought since the year III (1795) to 1962, over 167 years, its variation in the political iconography to yardstick of politics, on the ten-political sovereign and republican regimes - through wars and societal events. The conclusion reminds the obedience of armies of the civil power for the period, an interaction of political and armed and opens a new perspective in the political-military relationship, exposing an overview of the major economic powers in their relations policy-armies
Ndemengana, Jean Francis. "Presse sportive en Catalogne (1931-1951)." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2027/document.
Full textThis thesis is about the relation between the Spanish socio-political conjunctures in the first half of the twentieth century and the dealing with or the consideration of the "sporting fact" in Catalonia. In this study the barcelonan daily paper El Mundo Deportivo (1960 - till today), is an interesting source of research about interpreting the practice trajectory and the catalan sporting information, and its relation with the political world during the Second Republic to the francoism, through the civil war. Thus, the republican period is marked by a certain political power detachment from the sporting fact. As for the Generalissimo Francisco Franco totalitarian regime, it supposes the press to be under supervision and a centralization of the Spanish sporting activities management in the beginning of the 1940s. This analysis shows particularly a correlation between the social status of the Spanish woman, her real presence in sporting life, and the country political regime in force
Maloux, Thierry. "À l’ombre d’Angkor, l’action des militaires français au Cambodge, 1863-1954." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL074.
Full textUnder the protecting shadow of the Angkor temples, the French military have left their mark in the history of the French protectorate in Cambodia. We propose to portray this action from three different angles. A political and diplomatic action that embraces the questions related to the Cambodian context, and those related to the regional and international balance of powers. The study seeks to discern what pertains to the personal commitment of the military, and what refers to the political and diplomatic commitments of the French government. A military action that aims to pacify Cambodia, to safeguard the French interests, and to avoid the invasion of the country by the communist forces. The methods and effectiveness of the French military tool in this context are carefully analysed. Finally, the action of the "unarmed soldiers": explorers, archaeologists, ethnologists, writers, etc., who also played a key role in the reconstruction of the Khmer identity, and in reinforcing its presence in the French Indochina. A prosopographic analysis attempts to differentiate, for each of the soldiers involved, the action that can be explained as a personal and sometimes intimate quest, from the action that is part of his mission or that could be considered as the product of the collective work. The nature of the protectorate, created by the French military, and its evolution towards a model inclined to adapt itself to the Khmer invariants and to the French political context, are at the heart of this study. The French military tool in Cambodia is thus revealed through its structuring, functioning and metamorphosis creating an unusual colonial relationship between France and Cambodia
Choplin, Cédric. "La représentation des peuples exotiques et des missions dans Feiz ha Breiz (1865-1884)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370510.
Full textSargologos, Jean-Mathias. "Le concours de 1848 pour une figure symbolique de la République : entre agentivités et simulacre." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22071.
Full textGagné, Martin. "«Tu ne tueras plus!» : une étude du processus de «recivilisation» de la société ouest-allemande d’après les catéchismes catholiques (1945-1970)." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10683.
Full textAmong scholars who have studied contemporary Germany, many consider that by perpetrating such a barbaric crime as the Holocaust, the Third Reich caused a “rupture of civilizationˮ (Zivilisationsbruch) in the history of the Western world. These experts have reflected on the meaning as well as on the historical and philosophical consequences of the Holocaust for the contemporary world. However, very few of them have examined the other side of this “rupture of civilizationˮ, i.e. the “recivilizingˮ process that occurred in West German society during the first postwar decades. Characterized by the rejection of violence and militarism, the restoration of elementary norms of civility and the growing importance attached to civic values such as democracy and human rights, this process explains how, within barely two decades, West Germans succeeded in building a stable and democratic state on the ruins of a genocidal dictatorship. Using the presentation of the Decalogue in the Catholic catechisms, this master’s thesis examines the role attributed to religious moral norms in the “recivilizingˮ process of West German society. It intends to show that during the 1950s and 1960s the Catholic catechisms published in the FRG presented numerous signs of a “recivilizingˮ will, which consisted in a particular attention to issues of war and peace, an updated view of parental authority and the adoption of a conception of civil authority based on the fulfilment of civic duties rather than on sheer obedience to hierarchy.