Academic literature on the topic 'CHR an second de la République'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'CHR an second de la République.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "CHR an second de la République"
1
Narayana, Valérie. "Des Espèces de l’origine : le feuilleton scientifique de Louis Figuier dans La Presse de 1862." Études littéraires 40, no. 3 (February 15, 2010): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039245ar.
Full textAbstract:
Dans la foulée de travaux ayant exploré la rhétoricité du feuilleton littéraire dans la presse du XIXe siècle, cette étude se penche sur la rhétorique du feuilleton scientifique de Louis Figuier, célèbre vulgarisateur sous le Second Empire et sous la Troisième République. Afin de voir comment Figuier traite une question très controversée à l’époque, soit l’origine des espèces, cette étude examine les livraisons de l’année 1862 de LaRevue scientifique de Figuier. Cette année est particulièrement riche en rebondissements scientifiques car L’origine des espèces paraît en traduction et d’importantes fouilles françaises sonnent le glas des théories fixistes de l’époque. Cette étude démontre tout ce que la plume de Figuier doit à certains dispositifs argumentatifs quand elle se trouve confrontée à la complexité de l’évolution.
2
Mwabila, Moïse Lufuluabo, Alain Roddy Miteu Kalambayi, Roger Kizungu Vumilia, Justin Cishugi Murhula, Pierre Kalonji Kadima, Crispin Mofilinga Bindusa, Fortunat Kabemba Yamba Yamba, Aimée Mwanza Mbuyi, and César Zuka Kizika. "Typologie des Exploitations Agricoles Familiales et Technologie de Rouissage de Manioc: Cas des exploitations de la Commune de Maluku, en République Démocratique du Congo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 11 (April 29, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n11p85.
Full textAbstract:
La consommation du manioc, sous forme des pâtes alimentaires (Foufou ou chikwangue) nécessite de passer par le rouissage qui réduit la toxicité due à la présence de l’acide cyanhydrique. Cependant, les caractéristiques des exploitations et les techniques de rouissages sont variées. Ainsi l’objectif de cette étude était de réaliser une typologie des exploitations agricoles familiales de la commune de Maluku, en rapport avec les techniques de rouissage du manioc. Une enquête portant sur 344 exploitations agricoles a permis de collecter les données y afférentes. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les caractéristiques de l’exploitation, les contraintes auxquelles font face les exploitations ainsi que la localisation (villages) ont été prises en compte. La typologie a été réalisée sur base de l’Analyse en Composantes Multiples (ACM) et la Classification Hiérarchique Ascendante (CHA). Les résultats révèlent 3 types d’exploitations agricoles. Le premier axe principal est dominé par le village, le type de contraintes, la productivité en cosette, le type de la main-d’œuvre et le type de matériel végétal. Le second axe principal est dominé par les techniques de rouissage.
The objective of this study is to develop a typology of cassava-producing farms in the Maluku area, on the outskirts of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The criteria chosen are: socio-economic characteristics (type of workforce, membership of a group of producers and type of production constraints); characteristics related to cassava production technology (exploited area, plowing equipment and type of plant material); the characteristics linked to the cassava processing technology (retting method, retting duration and chip yield) and the village. The data was collected by survey on 344 farms operating in 6 villages. The typology was made thanks to an ACM and finalized by a CAH. The results of the study made it possible to group cassava producers into three types on the basis of the variables retained. The results reveal 3 types of farms. With the village, the type of constraints, the productivity in cosette, the type of labor and the type of plant material as the dominant characteristics of the first axis of the typology and the mode and duration of retting as the dominant characteristics of the second axis.
3
Liu, Delong, Yousif Matloub, Jaydip Mukhopadhyay, David Liu, and Stuart L. Goldberg. "Dasatinib Is Associated with Rapid and Durable Complete Hematologic Responses in Patients with Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CPCML)." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2128.2128.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Achieving a quick and durable complete hematologic response (CHR) is a near-term treatment goal in CP-CML. This is particularly relevant in patients with late CP-CML who are receiving second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) after failing imatinib therapy. The rapidity of the CHR provides an early assessment of sensitivity or resistance to second-line TKIs and should be used to guide treatment decision in this patient population. In the CA180-013 trial (START-C), 387 subjects resistant to or intolerant of imatinib were treated with dasatinib. At 2 years of follow-up, CHR was achieved in 91% of all subjects (90% of 288 resistant subjects, and 94% of 99 intolerant subjects). Of the 233 patients with abnormal peripheral blood counts at baseline, 203 (87%) achieved CHR (86% imatinib-resistant and 92% imatinib-intolerant). The time to achieve CHR (defined as the duration between the first dose of dasatinib until the first day CHR criteria were met) was rapid, with a median time to CHR of 2.1 weeks (C.I: 2.1 to 2.4) across all cohorts. Furthermore, most subjects who achieved CHR did so within the first two months of treatment. In addition, CHRs achieved with dasatinib were durable; the 12- and 24-month CHR were 92% and 83%, respectively. Moreover, in an optimization trial (CA180-034) comparing efficacy between 100mg and 140mg total dasatinib administered in one or two doses, the rates of, time to, and duration of CHR were comparable to that observed in START-C (Table 1). No difference in time to or duration of CHR was observed between the two schedules. In summary, dasatinib is associated with a rapid and durable CHR in a majority of subjects with CP-CML resistant to or intolerant of imatinib therapy. Table 1: Percentage of Dasatinib-Treated Patients with CHR who are Imatinib Resistant (CA180-034 trial) Number (%) of Subjects by Treatment Group QD BID Best Hematologic Response 100 mg N = 124 140 mg N = 123 Total N = 247 50 mg N = 124 70 mg N = 126 Total N = 250 CHR 110 (89) 106 (86) 216 (87) 114 (92) 112 (89) 226 (90) no CHR 14 (11) 17 (14) 31 (13) 10 (8) 14 (11) 24 (10)
4
Gicquel, Jean. "Le sens unique de la Constitution de la V e République." Titre VII N° 1, no. 1 (September 11, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/tvii.001.0003.
Full textAbstract:
4 octobre : jour de la Constitution ; 4 octobre 2018, fête du 60 e anniversaire de la Constitution de 1958. Une Constitution singulière, à tous égards, car finalisée et identifiée au pouvoir exécutif ; un pouvoir, désormais réhabilité et légitimé par le peuple souverain. Autrement dit, une Constitution copernicienne, transfigurée, en ce qu’elle s’inscrit à l’origine dans une perspective de rupture en mettant fin à la souveraineté parlementaire d’antan, puis instrumentalisée dans la posture du président de la République, devenu un authentique chef de l’État. Au total, une Constitution ordonnée, à la mesure de son efficacité, et régulée par la logique de l’alternance et celle de l’État de droit, incarnée, à titre essentiel par le Conseil constitutionnel. Ce faisant, une Constitution intériorisée par les citoyens, à preuve le surgissement du président MACRON au point d’être devenue la seconde nature , selon la formule anticipatrice de son fondateur, le général DE GAULLE.
5
Hird, Emily, Paul Allen, Natasza Orlov, Gemma Modinos, Matthijs Bossong, Mathilde Antoniades, Carly Sampson, et al. "M163. GLUTAMATE METABOLITES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED HIPPOCAMPAL ACTIVATION BUT NOT HIPPOCAMPAL-STRIATAL CONNECTIVITY IN SUBJECTS WITH A CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.475.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background We recently used Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to show that transition to psychosis is associated with higher baseline hippocampal glutamate levels (1). We also used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in the same CHR subjects and showed that compared to healthy controls (HC), subjects at a clinical high-risk of psychosis (CHR) show decreased hippocampal activation to novel stimuli and increased novelty-modulated hippocampal-striatal connectivity (2). The aim of the present analysis was to explore the relationship between hippocampal glutamatergic metabolites, hippocampal activity, and hippocampal-striatal connectivity in these CHR subjects. Methods 75 CHR and 31 HC subjects participated in a novelty salience task whilst undergoing fMRI to measure hippocampal and striatal activation, and MRS to measure hippocampal glutamatergic metabolite levels. First, we tested for a three-way interaction between the hippocampal response to novel versus neutral stimuli, hippocampal glutamatergic metabolite levels, and group, using a Region of Interest approach in the bilateral hippocampus. Second, we carried out a Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) analysis on the extracted hippocampal coordinates from the first analysis and tested for an interaction with hippocampal glutamatergic metabolite levels and group. Results The CHR group had higher clinical scores and lower GAF scores at baseline than HC. CHR subjects were younger, more were taking antipsychotic medication and they smoked more cigarettes than HC. At follow-up, 12 CHR subjects (16%) developed a first episode of psychosis (CHR-TR) and 63 (86%) did not (CHR-NTR). The CHR-TR subjects smoked fewer cigarettes than the CHR-NTR subjects. The first analysis revealed a significant interaction between group, fMRI activity and MRS Glx (a combined measure of glutamate and glutamine) in the right hippocampus (pFWE= 0.03; x y z = 28 -32 -4; t=3.61, z=3.49). This was driven by the CHR-TR group: contrast estimates indicated a positive relationship between fMRI activity and MRS Glx in the HC and CHR-NTR subjects, but a negative relationship between fMRI activity and glutamate in the CHR-TR subjects. The second analysis revealed that CHR-TR individuals exhibited greater connectivity between the hippocampus and the striatum (pFWE= 0.03; x y z = -6 6 -8; t=3.35, z=3.17), but that this was not associated with Glx. Discussion Whilst hippocampal glutamate metabolite levels are associated with altered hippocampal activity in CHR individuals - especially in those who later transition to psychosis - hippocampal glutamate metabolite levels do not modulate connectivity between the hippocampus and striatum. These findings are broadly consistent with previous work indicating a role for glutamate in hippocampal dysfunction and risk for psychosis, and indicate a potential biomarker for psychosis risk. References
6
Capolupo, Marco, Alessandro Girolamo Rombolà, Sadia Sharmin, Paola Valbonesi, Daniele Fabbri, and Elena Fabbri. "Assessing the Impact of Chrysene-Sorbed Polystyrene Microplastics on Different Life Stages of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 8924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198924.
Full textAbstract:
The sorption of organic pollutants to marine plastic litter may pose risks to marine organisms, notably for what concerns their intake and transfer through microplastic (MP) ingestion. This study investigated the effects of polystyrene MP loaded with chrysene (CHR) on early-stage and physiological endpoints measured in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The same concentrations of virgin microplastics (MP) and MP loaded with 10.8 µg CHR/mg (CHR-MP) were administered to mussel gametes/embryos (25 × 103 items/mL) and adults (5⋅× 103 items/L); further treatments included 0.1 mg/L of freely dissolved CHR and a second CHR concentration corresponding to that vehiculated by CHR-MP during exposure (3.78 µg/L and 0.73 ng/L for gamete/embryos and adults, respectively). None of the treatments affected gamete fertilization, while 0.1 mg/L CHR induced embryotoxicity. In adults, CHR-MP and MP similarly affected lysosomal membrane stability and neutral lipids and induced slight effects on oxidative stress endpoints. CHR affected tested endpoints only at 0.1 mg/L, with lysosomal, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers generally showing greater alterations than those induced by CHR-MP and MP. This study shows that the CHR sorption on MP does not alter the impact of virgin MP on mussels and may pose limited risks compared to other routes of exposure.
7
Matsumoto, Koji. "A new curvaturelike tensor field in an almost contact Riemannian manifold II." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 103, no. 117 (2018): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1817113m.
Full textAbstract:
In the last paper, we introduced a new curvaturlike tensor field in an almost contact Riemannian manifold and we showed some geometrical properties of this tensor field in a Kenmotsu and a Sasakian manifold. In this paper, we define another new curvaturelike tensor field, named (CHR)3-curvature tensor in an almost contact Riemannian manifold which is called a contact holomorphic Riemannian curvature tensor of the second type. Then, using this tensor, we mainly research (CHR)3-curvature tensor in a Sasakian manifold. Then we define the notion of the flatness of a (CHR)3-curvature tensor and we show that a Sasakian manifold with a flat (CHR)3-curvature tensor is flat. Next, we introduce the notion of (CHR)3-?-Einstein in an almost contact Riemannian manifold. In particular, we show that Sasakian (CHR)3- ?-Einstein manifold is ?-Einstain. Moreover, we define the notion of (CHR)3- space form and consider this in a Sasakian manifold. Finally, we consider a conformal transformation of an almost contact Riemannian manifold and we get new invariant tensor fields (not the conformal curvature tensor) under this transformation. Finally, we prove that a conformally (CHR)3-flat Sasakian manifold does not exist.
8
Fava, Carmen, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Elias Jabbour, Mary Beth Rios, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Susan O’Brien, and Jorge Cortes. "Long-Term Significance of Achieving a Major Cytogenetic Response (MCyR) without a Complete Hematologic Response (CHR) among Patients (pts) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Advanced Phase Treated with Second Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI)." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1944.1944.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The BCR-ABL TKI, dasatinib (D) and nilotinib (N), are effective in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemias, including all stages of imatinib-resistant CML and Ph+ ALL. For both dasatinib and nilotinib, the reported rates of MCyR are higher than the rates of CHR; that is, some pts achieve MCyR but may have cytopenias that make their hematologic response less than a CHR; this has been attributed to myelosuppression induced by TKI. At present it is not known whether pts with MCyR who do not have CHR have a similar outcome as those with a CHR. We studied 135 pts with accelerated (AP; n=84) or blast phase (BP; n=47) CML or Ph+ ALL (n=4) treated with D (59) or N (76) for imatinib resistance, to see whether the presence of cytopenias at the time of best response affected the prognosis. The median age was 55 yrs (range, 15 to 98) and 62 were female. 56 (41%) had bcr/abl mutations at the start of therapy. Overall 36 pts (27%) achieved MCyR. All the 36 pts who achieved a MCyR after treatment with N or D had received imatinib for an average time of 34 mos (range 4–78) and 24/36 pts had obtained a MCyR under imatinib. They started the new TKI 66 mos after first diagnosis (12–336). 2-yr survival rates for pts that achieved MCyR was 72% compared to 35% for those without MCyR (p<0.001). There was a trend for an inferior survival for those not having a concomitant CHR at the time of MCyR compared to those with CHR (2-yr survival 58% vs 82%; p=0.11). The rates of CHR and MCyR were 68% and 29%, respectively in AP; 32% and 21% in BP, and 50% and 50% in Ph+ ALL. Among pts in AP, 17/24 (70%) who achieved a MCyR, had a CHR at the time of best cytogenetic response; 6 of these 17 (35%) pts eventually failed (lost response or transformed), compared to 3/7 (43%) of those with no CHR at the time of MCyR (p=0.28). The results are similar when analyzing separately pts treated with N or D. 2-yr survival was 88% and 66% for those with and without concomitant CHR (p=0.29). Among the 10 pts in BP that achieved a MCyR, 5 had a CHR at the time of best cytogenetic response. Three (60%) of these pts eventually failed (lost response), compared to 4 failures among the 5 pts with no CHR at the time of MCyR (p=1.0). Survival rates at 2 yrs were 60% and 40% for those with and without concomitant CHR (p=0.29). Among the 2 patients with ALL that achieved MCyR, one had comcomitant CHR (treated with N) and the other did not have CHR (D); both of them failed. Of the 18 pts who failed after having achieved an MCyR, 7 had a mutation before starting treatment with a 2nd TKI (A433T, G250E, E355G, E459K, M244V, M315T, F317L), and 6 developed a new mutation after treatment (F317L, F311I, Y253H, G476C, E255K, H359V). Five of them occurred in pts with a concomitant CHR and 1 without a CHR. These results suggest that achievement of MCyR with residual cytopenias (ie, without a concomitant CHR) may not have the same favorable outcome as that of MCyR with concomitant CHR. Whether this is related to pt- or disease-related characteristics remains to be determined.
9
Fava, Carmen, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Elias Jabbour, Susan O'Brien, Nitin Jain, Mary Beth Rios, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, et al. "Failure to achieve a complete hematologic response at the time of a major cytogenetic response with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors is associated with a poor prognosis among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated or blast phase." Blood 113, no. 21 (May 21, 2009): 5058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-10-184960.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective in Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Occasionally, patients with Ph+ ALL, or accelerated phase (AP) or blast phase (BP) CML achieve a major cytogenetic response (MCyR) but not a complete hematologic response (CHR). We analyzed 126 patients with CML in AP or BP, or with Ph+ ALL treated with dasatinib or nilotinib after imatinib failure. Twenty patients received sequential treatment with both dasatinib and nilotinib for a total of 146 instances. CHR and MCyR rates were 54% and 37%, respectively in AP, 17% and 39% in BP, and 33% and 50% in Ph+ ALL. Failure to achieve a CHR at the time of achievement of a MCyR was associated with an inferior outcome, similar to that of patients without a MCyR (2-year survival rate, 37% and 35%, respectively). In contrast, patients with MCyR and concomitant CHR had a 77% 2-year survival rate. Twelve of 29 patients with MCyR without concomitant CHR later achieved a CHR; the 2-year survival rate for these patients was 55% compared with 22% for those who never achieved a CHR. These results suggest that achievement of a MCyR without concomitant CHR is associated with poor outcome.
10
Ibrahim Mamadou, AK. "Profil clinique, thérapeutique et évolutif de la tuberculose au centre hospitalier régional (CHR) de Tahoua, république du Niger." Bulletin de la société de pathologie exotique 113, no. 5 (December 28, 2020): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/bspe-2020-0153.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "CHR an second de la République"
1
Lin, Li-Rong Marianne. "La question chinoise du Second Empire à la IIIe République." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010281.
Full textAbstract:
Les problèmes diplomatiques émanent des principaux hommes d'état de l'époque. Car, rappelons-le, la diplomatie met surtout en jeu les efforts et les choix personnels de quelques individus. C'est pourquoi, des monographies fouillées sur chacun des protagonistes apparaissent comme une base nécessaire à l'histoire générale de la période. Sont concernés Palmerston, Bismarck, comme l'ambassadeur français Walewski. L'histoire diplomatique dépasse la personnalité des hommes politiques et est liée à toutes les grandes évolutions historiques telles que l'industrialisation, la science et la technologie, la croissance démographique et les idéologies démocratiques, nationalistes et impérialistes. Mais si l'on considère l'influence des hommes d'état sur les affaires du monde et l'intérêt qu'il y a d'établir des représentants de leurs pays à l'étranger, des biographies de diplomates semblent aussi avoir leur place dans l'historiographie des relations internationales. Cette étude s'attache à développer une contribution à la connaissance du rôle de tous dans la diplomatie. Une histoire globale des relations franco-chinoises, avec un horizon bien plus large que celui de l'histoire diplomatique traditionnelle entre l’Europe et l’Asie mérite d'être considérée. L'analyse scrupuleuse des liens entre la religion, l'économie et le politique, en mesurant le poids des représentations et des imaginaires internationaux doit permettre de démontrer-les mécanismes de décision. Cette étude peut apporter des éclairages originaux sur des questions fondamentales : l'impérialisme, la puissance, le pays semi-colonise, la place de la France et de la Chine dans le monde, la construction de l’Asie, l'identité asiatique et européenne.
2
Deschamps, Viviane. "Histoire de l'administration de l'Opéra de Paris : Second Empire-Troisième République." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040174.
Full textAbstract:
L'administration de l'Opéra de Paris, sous le Second Empire et la Troisième République pose des problèmes dans la mesure où l'état ne saurait se désintéresser de ce qui est, en réalité, un véritable service public. Et, devant les problèmes financiers, le gouvernement cherche une formule qui ne lui revienne pas trop cher tout en "faisant grandiose". Mais, l'administration de l'Académie nationale de musique et de danse, c'est aussi la gestion quotidienne, avec les problèmes suscités par les exigences contradictoires du public, des artistes, du personnel et des ministres. . . Et de tout un petit monde qui fourmille autour de cette grande institution, comme, par exemple, les "marchands de billets". Mais aussi, la conception de l'opéra, comme son public, sont sans doute alors en pleine évolutionThe administration of the Opera de Paris (Second Empire - Third Republic) is a problem because the state could not dissociate itself from what is really a public utility undertaking. For the reason that the financial problems are weighty, the government seek after a formula which could make "brightly" but without being expensive. The administration of the National academy of music and danse that is also the daily administration, with all its problems which comes from the diverging requirements of the public, the artists, the employees, and the ministers. . . And also all the persons who are living around that institution, as, for example, the "marchands de billets" but also, the notion of the opera is changing certainly, as like as the public
3
Bonel-Elliott, Imelda. "La politique de l'enseignement du second degré en République d'Irlande 1963-1993." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030090.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude porte sur la politique de l'enseignement du second degré en République d'Irlande entre 1963 et 1993. L'auteur tente de voir de façon historique qui contrôle ou influence l'évolution de la politique de l'enseignement du second degré. Les théories de toute politique publique ainsi que les théories de la prise de décision sont utilisées pour analyser la politique éducative en Irlande. On constate qu'en 1963, l'enseignement classique du second degré était quasiment l'apanage de l'église catholique. Les écoles techniques publiques n'assuraient que les études courtes. Au début des années soixante, des changements à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du pays amenèrent le Ministre de l'Education à mettre à l'ordre du jour la nécessité d'une réforme du système éducatif. Afin de mettre en oeuvre sa réforme, le ministre dut consulter l'église catholique, le groupe le plus puissant dans l'éducation. En 1963, il suffisait que le ministre eût des discussions bilatérales avec l'épiscopat, une fois qu'il avait obtenu l'accord du gouvernement, pour mettre en oeuvre sa réforme. De discussions bilatérales pendant les années soixante, on en est arrivé à des discussions multilatérales en 1993, avec un ministre travailliste qui propose une convention ou les quarante-deux groupes d'intérêt vont défendre publiquement leurs positionsThis thesis is about post-primary education policy in the Republic of Ireland between 1963 and 1993. Its aim is to see who has controlled and influenced the evolution of post-primary education policy over the last thirty years. Public policy and decision making theories are used to analyze Irish educational policy. Th reader can observe that the Catholic Church almost had a monopoly of general education in 1963. Publicly funded vocational schools only catered for short courses of continuing education. At the beginning of the sixties, changes inside and outside the country led the Minister to put the reform of the education system on the political agenda. In order to implement reform, the Minister had to consult the Catholic Church which was the most powerful interest group in the education system. In 1963, the Minister only had to have bilateral discussions with the Catholic hierarchy, once he had the government approval, in order to implement reform. From bilateral discussions during the sixties, we have moved to multilateral discussions today, with a labour minister for education organizing a national education convention during which forty two interest groups will publicly
4
Yie, Sook-Kyung. "La dualité de l'école secondaire du second cycle de la Corée du Sud, dans sa dynamique." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100036.
Full textAbstract:
La question a été posée sur la raison pour laquelle les phénomènes inattendus avaient été produits après la reforme d'égalisation de l'enseignement secondaire du second cycle en Corée du sud. Les phénomènes inattendus ont été présentes en quatre points : la particularité des lycées privés dans la ligne d'égalisation, les nouvelles disparités issues de la réforme, les anomalies de l'enseignement secondaire au second cycle et la continuation du conflit idéologique parmi les étudiants. En supposant que un attribut de l'école secondaire du second cycle sud-coréenne y avait joué et en définissant cet attribut comme la dualité scolaire, cette étude a commencé d'abord par les considérations sur l'histoire scolaire : l'humanisme confucianiste qui domina l'éducation traditionnelle et influe encore sur la conception de l'éducation chez les coréens, le processus de formation de l'école moderne, la politique éducative coloniale. Ensuite, par l'analyse socio-institutionnelle sur les phénomènes caractéristiques après la libération, l'expansion scolaire et l'homogénéisation idéologique dans l'école, et sur les situations concrètes ayant causé la reforme, elle a conduit à proposer trois éléments qui permettent de mettre en évidence la dualité scolaire : l'engouement pour l'instruction, la lutte idéologique et l'autonomie relative. Enfin trois catégories de dualité ont été présentées: le double intérêt, méritocratique et égalitaire, la double logique de l'évolution, histoire déterminée par la structure sociale et autonomie relative, et la double fonction, homogénéisation et lutteThe reform for the equalization of the secondary education had produced the undeirable phenomena in South Korea. This study began with the question as to the reason of these phenomena: the particularity of the private high schools, the new disparities issued from the reform, the anomalies of the secondary education and the continuation of the ideological conflict among the students. With the assumption that an attribution of the high school of south Korea affected these phenomena and with the definition of this attribution as the duality of the schooling, firstly this study concentrated upon the consideration of the historical characteristics of the schooling in Korean society: the confucian humanism in the traditional education, the process of formation of the modern school, the colonial educational policy. Secondarily, the situations resulting the reform, the education al expansion and the ideological homogenization in the school, were analyzed on the socio-institutional view point. Through this analysis, this study proposed three explicative elements for the duality of the schooling: the engrossment for the instruction, the ideological struggle and the autonomy relative. And three categories of the duality were presented: the double interest, meritocratic and equalitarian, the double fonction, homogenization and struggle, and the double logic of the evolution, history determined by the given society and the autonomy relative
5
Niambi-Mayasi, Batiotila. "Déperdition des effectifs scolaires du second degré au Zaïre : le devenir professionnel des jeunes qui abandonnent leurs études en cours du cycle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29291.
Full text
6
Martelli, Isabelle. "Egée et Italie méridionale dans la deuxième moitié du second millénaire av. J. -Chr. : l'archélogie d'un mythe à travers la mémoire d'anciennes écritures." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040038.
Full textAbstract:
Dresser un bilan archéologique des recherches de ces vingt dernières années nous a semblé nécessaire tant les données de terrain sont en constante évolution en Italie méridionale. Ces récentes trouvailles, rondelles et tessons gravés (Monte Grande), ne pourraient-elles pas cons-tituer les «realia» de navigations commerciales égéennes ? La documentation céramique agri-gentine nous semble constituer un appui à la « légendaire » thalassocratie crétoise. L’épisode de Minos en Sicanie pourrait se placer à la période finale de la culture de Castelluccio comme le suggérait L. Bernabò Brea. Complémentaires à ce cadre d’échanges nous disposons des trouvailles du village préhistorique de Portella et de l’archipel éolien. Les nouveaux «contras-segni» de Portella viennent confirmer les connaissances du corpus céramique de l’archipel. Les deux tessons de pithoi égéo-chypriotes retrouvés à Portella permettent d’insérer ces contenants dans un cadre d’échanges vers l’occident. La découverte à Briatico (Vibo Valen-tia) d’un sceau de «type minoen» (mobilier funéraire) attesterait pour la Calabre également des échanges avec le monde égéen. La présence dans le mobilier funéraire de figurines dites à cloche avec fusaïoles du Protogéométrique et Géométrique (Attique et Eubée) nous porte à croire à l’existence d’une divinité dédiée au tissage. Cette divinité qui serait documentée dans le monde grec (figurine « à cloche » provenant de la Béotie) nous conduit à retenir l’hypothèse proposée par M. Maaskant Kleibrink d’une «House of Weaving» et d’une divinité du tissage à Francavilla Marittima dés la fin du VIIIe s. Av. J. -Chr. Les labyrinthes des poids de tisserands de F. Marittima témoignent la complexité des échanges avec le monde grecSumming the archaeological achievement of these last twenty years seems necessary as field-work data are in constant evolution in Southern Italy. Potsherds founded in Monte Grande site (Agrigento) could be the «realia» of Aegean maritime trade. This documentation seems to support the «legendary» Cretan talassocracy. The Portella prehistoric village, in Salina (Eolian island), is complementary to this exchanges framework. The Egeo-Cypriot pithoi pot-sherds are part of the traffic towards the West. Monte Grande and Eolian archipelago en-graved potsherds could illustrate through Aegean cultural «signs» the historical substratum of these legends. We shall side with those who think that the historical element creates the myth and not the opposite. In Briatico (Vibo Valentia), a Minoan type seal discovery, would attest as well, the precocity of links between Calabrian emergent groups and Aegean world. In At-tica and Eubea, the presence of Protogeometric and Geometric bell-shaped figurines with spindle whorls leads us to believe in the existence of a divinity dedicated to weaving (Beotian bell-shaped figurine) and to maintain the M. Maaskant Kleibrink hypothesis of a House of Weaving and a weaving divinity in Francavilla Marittima in the late VIIIth century B. C. We found possible traces of this worship in Mycenaean and Minoan periods. Weaver weights of Francavilla Marittima with their labyrinths testify the complexity of these cultural exchanges. The Bérard observation which principal legendary centres (Lagaria), most of them obscure lo-calities that were not directly colonized may have today a historical base if we consider the sanctuary of Athena in Francavilla Marittima (not far from the Greek Sybaris)
7
Vottero, Michaël. "La peinture de genre en France sous le Second Empire et les premières années de la Troisième République 1852-1878." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040259.
Full textAbstract:
Le Second Empire coïncide avec un moment important de transformation et de mélange des catégories picturales au Salon. La peinture d’histoire se raréfie face à la scène de genre. Entre décadence de l’école française et gloire de la création contemporaine les avis sont alors partagés. Liée au courant réaliste, au goût pour l’anecdote et le pittoresque, la scène de genre se veut une évocation de la vie quotidienne. Ces toiles traditionnellement tenue pour mineure se voient anoblie par les achats de l’Etat en 1848, puis par ceux du couple impérial qui témoignent de l’engouement du public pour ces scènes drôles, émouvantes, parfois édifiantes. Influencé par les sciences sociales, les réformes politiques et la littérature, le peintre de genre propose un nouveau regard sur la vie quotidienne. Pour de nombreux critiques, la scène de genre, reflet des idéaux de leur temps, apparaît comme l’art par excellence du Second Empire, seule capable de transmettre à la postérité l’image de leur époque. En se libérant du carcan de l’histoire et de la religion, la peinture de genre permet aux artistes d’aborder plus librement la technique picturale, voir de la révolutionner comme les peintres impressionnistes qui multiplient les scènes contemporaines. Reflet des goûts d’une époque, la scène de genre du Second Empire témoigne également de la commercialisation de l’art qui connaît un essor sans précédent. Les liens qui existent entre la peinture de genre et le régime sous lequel elle connaît son plus grand succès, explique sans doute la réaction qui suit le conflit de 1870 et qui redonne à la France une grande peinture d’histoire, abandonnant les sujets « faciles » qui dominaient sous le régime précédent. Cette thèse tente ainsi de réhabiliter des peintres et des œuvres tombés dans l’oubli, mais qui apparaissent aujourd’hui importants afin comprendre le goût d’une époque, celui du Second EmpireThe Second Empire coincides with a time of important changes and jumble of pictorial categories at the Salon. History painting becomes scarce in comparison with genre painting. Public opinion is then torn between the decadence of the French school and the glory of contemporary creation. Linked to Reaslism, anecdote and colourful rendering, genre painting is willing to give an evocation of everyday life. These paintings, though generally considered as minor creations, are ennobled by State purchases in 1848, and by those of the Imperial couple after that, thus illustrating the public’s keen interest for funny, moving, sometimes enlightening scenes. Influenced by social sciences, political reforms and literature, the genre painter offers a new vision of every day life. For many critics, genre scenes are a reflection of their ideals, and appear to be the archetypal art of the Second Empire, the only one which will enable their time to go down in history with the correct rendering. By freeing the artists from stranglehold of history and religion, genre painting enables them to consider the pictorial technique more freely and even to revolutionize it, like the impressionists who multiplied contemporary scenes. A reflection of the tastes of an era, the genre scene of the Second Empire illustrates also the unprecedented rise in the marketing of art. The bonds that exist between genre painting and the regime under which it knows its greatest success probably explain the reaction which followed the 1870 war which gives back to France its great History painting, abandoning the “easy” subjects which ruled under the previous regime. This thesis attempts to rehabilitate painters and pieces fallen into oblivion but nowadays appearing to be important for the understanding of a time’s taste, that of the Second Empire
8
Gonod, Pascale. "Édouard Laferrière : un juriste au service de la République." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010252.
Full textAbstract:
É. Laferrière (1841-1901), avocat et journaliste sous le 2nd empire, appartient à cette génération d'opposants républicains qui, puisant leur inspiration dans les idéaux de 1789 et la philosophie positiviste, rêvent d'une république qui soit une force de changement sans être source de bouleversement. Dès la proclamation de la république. Laferrière entre au service de l’état et fait carrière au sein du conseil d'état; président de la section du contentieux après un bref passage à la direction générale de l’administration des cultes (1979), il en devient vice-président (1886). De cette expérience et d'un enseignement à la faculté de droit de Paris (1883), il tire son "traité de la juridiction administrative et des recours contentieux" qui en fait le fondateur du droit administratif moderne. Clarifiant et systématisant les principes du contentieux administratif, il élabore un cadre d'analyse du droit administratif qui traduit les conditions de soumission de l'administration au droit; la spécificité de l'action administrative justifie la juridiction administrative dont la conception est rénovée afin de satisfaire aux garanties inhérentes à tout contrôle juridictionnel; celui-ci est provoqué par les recours que Laferrière classifie en posant les bases d'une théorie du recours pour excès de pouvoir. La conciliation par la république des nécessités de l'action administrative et des exigences relatives à sa limitation témoigne de l'édification de l'état de droit, y participe l'action de l'administrateur; le vice-président du conseil d'état contribue à inscrire cette institution impériale dans la république en renforçant son indépendance et en garantissant l'équilibre de ses fonctions. Nommé gouverneur général de l'Algérie lors d'une insurrection (1898), il s'appuie sur l'opinion pour rétablir l'ordre dans le respect du droit, promeut l'accession de la colonie à l'autonomie financièreA lawyer and journalist during the second empire, Laferrière (1841-1901) belong to the generation of republican opponents who, as they drew their inspiration from the 1789 ideals and the positivist philosophy dreant of a republic which would lead to changes without entailing upheavals. As the republic whas poclaimed, laferriere placed himself in the service of the state and made his carer at the conseil d’état; president of the legal department after staying fort un short while at the direction générale de l'administration des cultes (1879), he became its vice-president. This experience and his lecturing at the faculty of law of Paris (1883) enabled him to write his "traité de la juridiction administrative et des recours contentieux", owing to which he became the founder of modern administrative law. Clarifying and systematizing he principles of the administrative legal mathers, he developed a code of analysis of the administrative law which expounds the conditions under which the administration should be dubjected to the law. The specificity of administrative action acounts for the administrative jurisdiction whose conception was reformed to comply with the guarantes inherent in any juridictional control. Its intervention is prompted by the appeals Laferrière set about to classify by staying the foundation of the theory of "recours pour excés de pouvoir" the conciliation by the republic of both the necessities of administrative actions and the requirements relating to its limitation testified to the edification of the state under the rule of law. As administrator, he took part in it and as vice-president of the conseil d'état he contributed to fitting this imperial institution in which republic by strengthheing its independence and guaranteeing the balance of its powers. Appointed governor general of Algeria during and uprising (1898), he relied on the support of public opinion. .
9
Laurent, Frantz. "Charlemagne-Émile de Maupas (1818-1888) : étude d’une trajectoire administrative, politique et notabiliaire, des monarchies censitaires à la Troisième République." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://scd-proxy.univ-brest.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/isbn/9782247233502.
Full textAbstract:
Préfet entré en politique au mitan du XIXe siècle, Charlemagne-Émile de Maupas a commencé à être redécouvert par les dix-neuviémistes il y a une trentaine d’années, dans un contexte de relecture historiographique du Second Empire. Claude Vigoureux, dans une étude pionnière, a notamment mis en lumière son rôle, en tant que préfet de police de la Seine, dans l’élaboration et l’exécution du coup d’État du 2 décembre 1851. Son parcours riche et varié, souvent réduit à cet évènement, mérite pourtant d’être appréhendé dans sa globalité, d’autant que de sa première expérience de sous-préfet à Uzès à la prestigieuse préfecture des Bouches-du-Rhône, en passant par le ministère de la Police générale, la légation de France à Naples ou le Sénat impérial, Maupas a laissé de très nombreux papiers privés qui constituent un précieux fonds pour l’historien. Notre thèse, qui s’inscrit dans la perspective d’une biographie totale, a donc pour objet d’analyser sa trajectoire administrative, politique et notabiliaire, depuis les monarchies censitaires jusqu’à la Troisième République naissante. Nous entendons en outre montrer comment ce notable à la fois singulier et idéal-typique, profondément conservateur et attaché au régime monarchique, a mobilisé ses réseaux et ses capitaux multiples pour construire sa carrièreCharlemagne-Émile de Maupas, a prefect who entered politics in the mid-nineteenth century, began to be rediscovered by historians some thirty years ago in the context of a historiographical rereading of the Second Empire. Claude Vigoureux in particular published a pioneering study shedding light on his role as Prefect of Police of the Seine and in the elaboration and execution of the coup d'état of December 2, 1851. His rich and varied career, often reduced to this event, nevertheless deserves to be understood in its entirety, especially as Maupas left numerous private papers, from his first experience as a sub-prefect in Uzès to the prestigious prefecture of Bouches-du-Rhône, via the Ministry of the General Police, the French legation in Naples and the Imperial Senate, which constitute a precious collection for the historian. Our thesis, which is written with the perspective of a total biography, therefore aims to analyze his administrative, political and notabiliary trajectory from the census monarchies to the nascent Third Republic. We also intend to show how this deeply conservative, singular and yet ideal-typical notable who was committed to the monarchical regime mobilized his networks and his capital to build his career
10
Devigne, Matthieu. "Classe de guerre : Une histoire de l’École entre Vichy et République, 1938-1948." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040145.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur l’histoire de l’École primaire ‒ ou premier degré ‒ au cours de la décennie centrale du XXe siècle. Y sont analysés les processus décisionnels de la politique scolaire au niveau de l’administration ministérielle et académique, ainsi que l’exercice quotidien des prescriptions scolaires sur le terrain des écoles, grâce au recours à de nombreux éclairages monographiques. La première partie de l’étude s’attache à démêler les divers aspects de la politique scolaire de l’État français à l’aide d’analyses quantitatives originales, et en prenant appui principalement sur le point de vue des acteurs en charge de son application : hauts fonctionnaires du ministère, inspecteurs d’académie, jusqu’aux enseignants eux-mêmes. Une seconde partie propose un portrait du fonctionnement logistique quotidien des écoles primaires du pays dans le contexte de la guerre et de l’Occupation. Enfin, la troisième partie décrit le rétablissement de l’École républicaine sur le territoire et les multiples défis idéologiques, pédagogiques et matériels, auxquels est confrontée l’institution scolaire. S’appuyant sur un grand nombre d’archives publiques et privées inédit, cette thèse aboutit ainsi à renouveler le regard historiographique posée sur l’histoire scolaire de cette période. En effet, la décennie guerrière des années 1940 a vu éclore des réformes et des réflexions qui en font un temps d’expériences et d’apprentissages intenses pour la génération des acteurs appelés à forger l’École du second XXe siècle. C’est en ce sens que l’on qualifiera ce moment historique de véritable « classe de guerre »This thesis focuses on the history of French elementary school in the middle decade of the twentieth century. School policy is analyzed through the decisions of ministerial and academic administrations along with its daily enforcement in classes, exemplified by numerous monographs of interest. First, the study attempts to untangle the various aspects of school policy under the French State, relying mainly on the words of its enforcers: ministerial officials, schools inspectors and, of course, teachers. It exposes quantitative investigations on the repressive impact of the regime and on the unprecedented financial public support for free education, in addition to a detailed analysis of the Vichy educational reforms. It then depicts the everyday life of primary schools in the context of war and Occupation. The third part chronicles the restoration of republican school over the national territory, and emphasizes the multiple ideological, educational and material challenges it had to face. Based on a large number of original archives, both private and public, this thesis leads to reevaluate the historiographical standpoint on the history of school of this time. Indeed, the 1940s gave birth to reforms and reflections that made this decade of war a time for experiments and intense learning for the generation of professionals who were to shape the school of the second part of the century. It is in this sense that this historical moment may be called a “war class”
Books on the topic "CHR an second de la République"
1
Cohn, Eskenazi Tamara, and Richards Kent H. 1939-, eds. Second Temple studies. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1994.
Find full text
2
Second Empire & IIIe République: De l'audace à la jubilation. Paris: Éditions courtes et longues, 2008.
Find full text
3
Plato. La république. Paris: GF-Flammarion, 1993.
Find full text
4
Cohn, Eskenazi Tamara, and Richards Kent Harold 1939-, eds. Second Temple studies.: Temple and community in the Persian period. Sheffield, England: JSOT Press, 1994.
Find full text
5
Constant, Émilien. Le département du Var sous le Second Empire et au début de la IIIe République. [Les Mées]: Association 1851, pour la mémoire des Résistances républicaines, 2009.
Find full text
6
Jacquet-Francillon, François. Instituteurs avant la République: La profession d'instituteur et ses représentations, de la Monarchie de Juillet au Second Empire. [Villeneuve d'Ascq]: Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1999.
Find full text
7
Hazareesingh, Sudhir. Francs-maçons sous le Second Empire: Les loges provinciales du Grand-Orient à la veille de la Troisième République. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2001.
Find full text
8
Hazareesingh, Sudhir. Francs-maçons sous le Second Empire: Les loges provinciales du Grand-Orient à la veille de la Troisième République. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2001.
Find full text
9
Pellegrinetti, Jean-Paul. La Corse et la République: La vie politique de la fin du second Empire au début du XXIe siècle. Paris: Seuil, 2004.
Find full text
10
Hazareesingh, Sudhir. Les francs-maçons sous le Second Empire: Les loges provinciales du Grand-Orient à la veille de la Troisième République. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "CHR an second de la République"
1
Jacquet-Francillon, François. "Annexes de la première partie. L’enseignement primaire à Reims sous la monarchie de Juillet et le second Empire." In Instituteurs avant la République, 279–85. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.46998.
Full text
2
Buchinger-Früh, Marie Luise. "La peinture du Second Empire dans les caricatures du Charivari." In La Caricature entre République et censure, 338–44. Presses universitaires de Lyon, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pul.8033.
Full text
3
Amal, Clooney, Webb Philippa, and Nelson Matthew. "1948, Commission on Human Rights Drafting Committee Second SessionSummary Record of the Thirty-Second Meeting: Lake Success, New York Thursday, 13 May 1948 at 2:30 p.m." In The Right to a Fair Trial under Article 14 of the ICCPR. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192897923.003.0022.
Full text
4
Amal, Clooney, Webb Philippa, and Nelson Matthew. "1946–1947, Commission on Human Rights Second SessionSummary Record of Thirty-Sixth Meeting." In The Right to a Fair Trial under Article 14 of the ICCPR. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192897923.003.0014.
Full text
5
Morot, Alain. "Le soldat indigène de l’armée d’Afrique dans Le Charivari sous le Second Empire." In La Caricature entre République et censure, 314–24. Presses universitaires de Lyon, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pul.8018.
Full text
6
Bosse, Monika, and André Stoll. "Censure et représentation des barbares : les stratégies subversives de Daumier sous le Second Empire." In La Caricature entre République et censure, 299–313. Presses universitaires de Lyon, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pul.8009.
Full text
7
Amal, Clooney, Webb Philippa, and Nelson Matthew. "1948, Commission on Human Rights Drafting Committee Second SessionSummary Record of the Thirty-Third Meeting: Lake Success, New York." In The Right to a Fair Trial under Article 14 of the ICCPR. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192897923.003.0024.
Full text
8
Amal, Clooney, Webb Philippa, and Nelson Matthew. "1946–1947, Commission on Human Rights Second SessionReport of the Working Group on the Declaration on Human Rights." In The Right to a Fair Trial under Article 14 of the ICCPR. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192897923.003.0016.
Full text
9
Amal, Clooney, Webb Philippa, and Nelson Matthew. "1948, Commission on Human Rights Drafting Committee Second SessionSummary Record of the Thirtieth Meeting: Held at Lake Success, New York." In The Right to a Fair Trial under Article 14 of the ICCPR. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192897923.003.0020.
Full text
10
Amal, Clooney, Webb Philippa, and Nelson Matthew. "1948, Commission on Human Rights Drafting Committee Second SessionSummary Record of the Forty-Third Meeting: Held at Lake Success, New York,." In The Right to a Fair Trial under Article 14 of the ICCPR. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192897923.003.0026.
Full textConference papers on the topic "CHR an second de la République"
1
Bolca, Pelin, Rosa Tamborrino, and Fulvio Rinaudo. "Henri Prost in Istanbul: Urban transformation process of Taksim-Maçka Valley (Le parc n°2)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5670.
Full textAbstract:
With the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923, modernization studies have been started throughout the country. The Republican authorities which adopted a new form of government independent of the Ottoman Empire had expectations for the city planning of Turkey according to the modernization rules of urbanism. After the proclamation of the Republic, the capital of the country was relocated from Istanbul to Ankara and the funds of the Republic were canalized to the construction of the new capital city. Following the creation of Ankara, in 1935, French architect and urban planner Henri Prost was invited directly to conduct the planning of Istanbul. He worked between 1936 and 1951 with a conservative and modernist attitude. Prost’s plans for Istanbul was based on three principal issues: the transportation (la circulation), hygiene (l’hygiène) and aesthetics (l’aesthetics). He gave importance on urban and public spaces (espaces libres) and proposed two public parks. One of these parks was considered as an archaeological park at the hearth of the Historical Peninsula (parc n1), the other one was considered as a park with cultural, arts and sports functions into the hearth of the Pera district which was the area extending from today’s Taksim Square to Maçka Valley (parc n2) and wherein these days the modern and new city was built. Only Park No2 (parc n2) was partially constructed in the 1940s following these park plans. However, the park has been transformed by the planning decisions taken over time depending on the political, cultural and ideological changes and this transformation process has been intensively discussed by the academic and professional field on the Istanbul’s and Turkey’s urban agenda. The focus of this study is to understand and define the process of transformation, and investigate the changing of significances of the Taksim-Maçka Valley from foundation of the Republic of Turkey to the present time. Accordingly, the first part of the paper presents the formation process of the area through the 1:2000 plan of Park No2 (parc n2) and the 1:500 plan of The Republic Square and the İnönü Esplanade in Taksim (la place de la République et l'esplanade İnönü à Taksim) which were prepared by Henri Prost. In the second part, the transformation process that occurs after Prost was discharged from his position is analyzed. The paper concludes with a discussion on the pros and cons of the transformation. In the study, the “digital urban history method” (telling the history of the city in the age of the ICT revolution) was used through the power of various direct and indirect sources with ArcGIS and 3D modeling techniques.
2
Rao, V. Pulagala, and Basava V. A. Rao. "Influence of Physical and Chemical Properties of Two Biodiesel Fuels on Performance, Combustion and Exhaust Emission Characteristics in a DI-CI Engine." In ASME 2008 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2008-1660.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of biodiesel (BD) fuel properties on different characteristics of the engine and to compare with the baseline petroleum diesel (PD) fuel. This study consists of two parts, first one is biodiesel characterization and the second one is testing in the engine. Two BD fuels namely, the medium chain (C6–C24) coconut oil methyl ester (COME) and the long chain (C16–C18) sesame seed oil methyl ester (SSME) were selected. It is observed that, the physical and chemical properties such as viscosity, density, bulk modulus, calorific value, C/H ratio, and iodine value of SSME are higher than that of COME, while the cetane number, saturation% and oxygen% of the COME is higher than that of SSME. Experiments were conducted in a naturally aspirated, single cylinder, four-stroke, stationary, water cooled, constant rpm (1500), in-line (pump-high pressure tube-fuel injector) direct injection compression ignition (DI–CI) engine with COME, SSME (with and without preheating), and PD as fuels. The performance was evaluated in terms of fuel consumption (FC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and thermal efficiency (BTE). Except for COME at full load, the BTE of the esters over all load ranges were less than that of PD fuel. Also, a significant improvement in BTE was observed, when the SSME is tested at PD’s viscosity by using preheating technique. At full load, the BSFC of COME and SSME are increased by 16.61% and 18.24% respectively. The minimum BSEC (at full load) of COME is decreased by 1.3% and while that of SSME is increased by 4.5%, as compared to that of PD fuel. The full load peak pressures for COME, SSME and PD fuel are 63.8 bar, 65.8 bar, and 62.9 bar respectively. The high peak pressures of the methyl esters are probably due to dynamic injection advance, caused by their higher bulk modulus. The net heat release rate (HRR) and cumulative heat release (CHR) were calculated from the acquired data. The results show that, at all loads there is a slight increase in peak HRR for COME and large increase in peak HRR for SSME against PD fuel. The higher values of peak HRR indicate better premixed combustion with the methyl esters. However, the peak HRR for preheated SSME (SSME_H) decreases due to late injection and faster evaporation of the fuel. It was observed that, at full load the nitric oxide (NO) emission of SSME is increased by 12.9%, while that of COME is decreased by 13.8% as compared to that of PD fuel. The smoke is increasing linearly with the fuels ‘C/H’ ratio regardless of their molecular structure. The HC emissions of both the esters are very low and are reduced by up to 73%, as compared PD. Also, there is a significant reduction in all exhaust emissions, and in particular the NO emission is observed with preheated SSME, due to change in premixed combustion phase.