Academic literature on the topic 'CHP model'
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Journal articles on the topic "CHP model"
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Wong-Kcomt, Jorge B. "The CHP Space: A Basic Model." Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal 27, no. 3 (June 2012): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21563306.2012.10531124.
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Wong-Kcomt, Jorge B. "The CHP Space: A Basic Model." Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal 27, no. 4 (September 2012): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21563306.2012.10554223.
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Mansour, Ahmed, Sherif Rashad, Kuniyasu Niizuma, Miki Fujimura, and Teiji Tominaga. "A novel model of cerebral hyperperfusion with blood-brain barrier breakdown, white matter injury, and cognitive dysfunction." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 5 (November 2020): 1460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.7.jns19212.
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OBJECTIVECerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) is associated with considerable morbidity. Its pathophysiology involves disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with subsequent events such as vasogenic brain edema and ischemic and/or hemorrhagic complications. Researchers are trying to mimic the condition of CHP; however, a proper animal model is still lacking. In this paper the authors report a novel surgically induced CHP model that mimics the reported pathophysiology of clinical CHP including BBB breakdown, white matter (WM) injury, inflammation, and cognitive impairment.METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion and contralateral CCA stenosis. Three days after the initial surgery, the stenosis of CCA was released to induce CHP. Cortical regional cerebral blood flow was measured using laser speckle flowmetry. BBB breakdown was assessed by Evans blue dye extravasation and matrix metalloproteinase–9 levels. WM injury was investigated with Luxol fast blue staining. Cognitive function was assessed using the Barnes circular maze. Other changes pertaining to inflammation were also assessed. Sham-operated animals were prepared and used as controls.RESULTSCerebral blood flow was significantly raised in the cerebral cortex after CHP induction. CHP induced BBB breakdown evident by Evans blue dye extravasation, and matrix metalloproteinase–9 was identified as a possible culprit. WM degeneration was evident in the corpus callosum and corpus striatum. Immunohistochemistry revealed macrophage activation and glial cell upregulation as an inflammatory response to CHP in the striatum and cerebral cortex. CHP also caused significant impairments in spatial learning and memory compared with the sham-operated animals.CONCLUSIONSThe authors report a novel CHP model in rats that represents the pathophysiology of CHP observed in various clinical scenarios. This model was produced without the use of pharmacological agents; therefore, it is ideal to study the pathology of CHP as well as to perform preclinical drug trials.
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Śladewski, Łukasz, Rafał Wereszczyński, Jerzy Majchrzak, Krzysztof Możejko, Wojciech Bujalski, Konrad Świrski, and Maks Sędzielski. "Close loop optimisation of large CHP based on approximation model." E3S Web of Conferences 137 (2019): 01051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913701051.
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Complex optimization of CHP plants becomes a very important issue in research and implementation, particularly in the context of increasing environmental requirements. The process in industrial CHP plants could be decomposed into several subprocesses, which could be optimized individually using dedicated solutions. The article presents the results of work of complex, multi-modular optimization project of one CHP plant located in petrochemical and refinery plant in Poland. The scope of the project is economical load dispatch optimizer aimed to increase economical profit of CHP operation, combustion optimization for boiler efficiency increase and NOX emission reduction, steam temperature advanced control for improved control quality, sootblowing optimization for reduction of steam demand for sootblowing process. The solution includes also measurement validation and correction system, which is based on data reconciliation algorithm and on-line performance monitoring system.
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Owaku, Takashi, Hiromi Yamamoto, and Atsushi Akisawa. "Optimal SOFC-CHP Installation Planning and Operation Model Considering Geographic Characteristics of Energy Supply Infrastructure." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052236.
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Combined heat and power (CHP) is crucial for promoting thorough energy conservation and advanced energy use, aimed toward greenhouse gas reduction. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-CHP is expected to be introduced as a measure against global warming and has been the focus of attention, and this study examined the effects of its introduction. This study introduces a linear programming evaluation model that can simulate optimized facility configuration and operation, based on the power supply and demand. The novelty of the proposed model is the consideration of geographic characteristics, which influences parameters dependent on gas transportation infrastructure and electricity. A sensitivity analysis was conducted considering the number of units and location of SOFC-CHP introductions in the National Capital Region of Japan. As a result, it was predicted that SOFC-CHP would likely begin to be introduced in areas where there is a large shadow price difference between electricity and gas at each node. The total power generation will decrease, as transmission and distribution losses decrease, owing to the diffusion of SOFC-CHP installed in the vicinity of demand. The widespread use of SOFC-CHP is an economically feasible CO2 emissions reduction pathway. These results will help assess the introduction of various distributed power sources in addition to SOFC-CHP to reduce CO2 emissions.
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Hughes, R. A., B. Ramsay, and C. Rossini. "A Knowledge-Based Decision Support System for Combined Heat and Power Investment Appraisal and Plant Selection." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 210, no. 1 (February 1996): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_004_02.
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Combined heat and power (CHP) can, in the most suitable cases, reduce a consumer's total energy costs by up to 40 per cent. It is important to stress that CHP is not viable at all sites and further that poor choice of CHP plant often results in inefficient and uneconomic operation. It is therefore vitally important to build a clear picture of what specific factors determine the profitability of a CHP scheme. The development of an accurate, reliable economic model is necessary for any sector where a potential market for CHP exists. Conventional economic models have a number of limitations, particularly where situations involve a high degree of risk and uncertainty. This paper shows how decision analysis techniques can be combined with a conventional spreadsheet to overcome these weaknesses and demonstrates the power and flexibility of the resulting model with a case study.
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Şah, Sezgin, and M. Handan Çubuk. "CHP Microturbine Configuration Model and Economic Analysis." Cogeneration & Distributed Generation Journal 24, no. 2 (April 2009): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15453660909509008.
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Jin, Xiao Long, Hai Feng Li, Tao Jin, Xian Dong Xu, Ming Shen Wang, and Jian Meng. "Economical and Coordinated Dispatch of CHP Based Microgrid with Renewable Energy Resources." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1022.
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The advantages of high energy efficiency and economic benefit promote the wide application of combined heat and power system (CHP) based microgrid. Firstly, a mathematical model of the CHP based microgrid is developed. Then, a cost function for the coordination of heat and electric load is proposed. Finally, an optimal dispatch model is developed to achieve the economical and coordinated operation of the CHP based microgrid system. Simulation results verify effectiveness of the proposed dispatch model, which is a powerful tool for the energy management of CHP based microgrid with renewable energy resources.
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Razak, Amir A. "Library Structure of Dynamic Simulation for Combined Heat and Power Plant in Modelica Language." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4925.
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The most common form of energy recycling system is Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants. The CHP plant is a complex system and still under intensive development by many researchers. The system needs to be developed in quick and efficient manners with low resources based on modeling and simulation method. With the development of CHP library in open source Modelica language, it could be used as a base for further advancement of CHP technology. The aim of this work is to design a structure of initial version of a model library for the dynamic simulation of Combined Heat and Power plants (CHP). Modular approach and top-down design have been implemented in the model library development. A solid base for this work is defined which includes rules in modeling the components (e.g. robustness and reusability), default library structure arrangement and model documentation. By strictly follow the rules and concepts introduced in this work, the mistakes in modeling is minimized. The designed library in Modelica language will provide an organized environment in modeling a CHP plant.
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De Souza, Ronelly, Melchiorre Casisi, Diego Micheli, and Mauro Reini. "A Review of Small–Medium Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Technologies and Their Role within the 100% Renewable Energy Systems Scenario." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 5338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175338.
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The energy transition towards a scenario with 100% renewable energy sources (RES) for the energy system is starting to unfold its effects and is increasingly accepted. In such a scenario, a predominant role will be played by large photovoltaic and wind power plants. At the same time, the electrification of energy consumption is expected to develop further, with the ever-increasing diffusion of electric transport, heat pumps, and power-to-gas technologies. The not completely predictable nature of the RES is their well-known drawback, and it will require the use of energy storage technologies, in particular large-scale power-to-chemical conversion and chemical-to-power re-conversion, in view of the energy transition. Nonetheless, there is a lack in the literature regarding an analysis of the potential role of small–medium CCHP technologies in such a scenario. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to address what could be the role of the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and/or Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP) technologies fed by waste heat within the mentioned scenario. First, in this paper, a review of small–medium scale CHP technologies is performed, which may be fed by low temperature waste heat sources. Then, a review of the 100% RE scenario studied by researchers from the Lappeenranta University of Technology (through the so-called “LUT model”) is conducted to identify potential low temperature waste heat sources that could feed small–medium CHP technologies. Second, some possible interactions between those mentioned waste heat sources and the reviewed CHP technologies are presented through the crossing data collected from both sides. The results demonstrate that the most suitable waste heat sources for the selected CHP technologies are those related to gas turbines (heat recovery steam generator), steam turbines, and internal combustion engines. A preliminary economic analysis was also performed, which showed that the potential annual savings per unit of installed kW of the considered CHP technologies could reach EUR 255.00 and EUR 207.00 when related to power and heat production, respectively. Finally, the perspectives about the carbon footprint of the CHP/CCHP integration within the 100% renewable energy scenario were discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CHP model"
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Brofman, Eduardo Gus. "Estudo de cogeração em hotéis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108526.
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Este trabalho é um estudo da aplicação de um sistema que utiliza a cogeração para hotéis localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Foi analisada a implantação desse tipo de sistema, também chamado de CHP (Combined Heat and Power), de um ponto de vista econômico e energético. A questão econômica foi determinada pela viabilidade através de métodos de análise quantitativa, neste caso, dando enfoque ao tempo de retorno do investimento. Para a análise energética foi realizado o estudo dos consumos e demandas anuais da operação do prédio através da ferramenta de simulação térmo-energética de edificações. O software escolhido foi o EnergyPlus. Essas análises, energéticas e econômicas, foram realizadas através de uma comparação entre o hotel sem o sistema de CHP e o hotel com o sistema de CHP. O hotel hipotético simulado foi definido através de um levantamento de informações a respeito do desempenho energético de hotéis que funcionam em Porto Alegre. Além dos estudos energéticos e econômicos, foram realizadas variações em parâmetros do hotel para tentar abranger uma série de possíveis cenários e verificar suas viabilidades econômicas. Foi visto que a cogeração pode trazer redução de custo operacional mesmo não tendo um menor consumo energético anual. Em alguns cenários o tempo de retorno do investimento apresentou valor abaixo dos seis anos, sendo considerado como uma boa opção de investimento.This work is a study of the application of a CHP (Combined Heat and Power) system in hotels built in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. This system was analyzed from an economic and energetic point of view. The economic matter on its viability perspective was determined through quantitative methods, in this case, with the focus on the time frame for the investment's return. For the energetic analysis, a annual energy consumption and demand study was performed utilizing a whole-building energy model with computer simulation. The chosen software was EnergyPlus. The analyses, energetic and economic, were performed through a comparison between the hotel without the CHP system and with the CHP system. The hypothetic simulated hotel was determined by a data survey on the energetic performance of hotels build in Porto Alegre. In addition to the energetic and economic studies, some parametric variations to the hotel were made to include a series of possible scenarios and check their economic viability. It was observed that the CHP can provide some operational cost reductions even without presenting a lower annual energetic consumption. In some scenarios, the time to return the investment showed figures lower than six years, being considered a good investment option.
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Franceschin, Giada. "BIOETHANOL: A CONTRIBUTION TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND GENERATION PROCESSES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427333.
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In this PhD thesis the development of a number of alternative solutions to overcome some of the main obstacles to the widespread diffusion of bioethanol production plants was addressed. The work was performed through both modelling, process simulation and optimization, and an experimental part concerning the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials.
A first generation ethanol production process was simulated and optimized. Some key sensitivities about the more likely improvements expected for the years to come, and the possibility to use supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE) instead of distillation were addressed. It was demonstrated that SFE is not economical because of high capital investment and high operation costs.
About second generation bioethanol processes the simulation and energy optimization allowed identifying the best distillation configuration and demonstrating that the process is energetically selfsufficient even though an energy intensive pretreatment like the liquid hot water (LHW) one is chosen. The simulation tool was once more utilized to investigate the economical consequence of the additional xylose production to the traditional second generation process bioethanol. It was found that this high value product could make competitive even a medium size plant.
The experimental work was focused on the pretreatment of both wheat bran and office paper with the liquid hot water technique. The tests on wheat bran were carried out in Germany at the TUHH University (Hamburg) while a lab scale reactor has been built to study the pretreatment of paper at DIPIC Università di Padova. In both cases it was demonstrated that with LHW pretreatment followed by enzymatic treatment it is possible to obtain monomeric sugars from the biomass. A model of the semibatch reactor was also developed to reproduce the experimental data about biomass solubilization.A causa del prezzo altalenante del petrolio, del consistente impatto ambientale provocato dal massiccio utilizzo di combustibili fossili e della sempre più concreta possibilità che queste fonti di energia stiano per esaurirsi, negli ultimi anni si è rinnovato l'interesse per la questione dell’approvvigionamento energetico. Le previsioni riguardo all’anno in cui si presenterà il picco di Hubbert (il punto di produzione massima, oltre il quale la produzione del petrolio può soltanto diminuire) sono soggette a incertezze derivanti dalle diverse assunzioni sull’aumento della popolazione mondiale, il consumo pro capite e le politiche energetiche adottate dai diversi Paesi, ma la necessità di cercare al più presto un’alternativa ai combustibili fossili è un dato di fatto. Cercare di sostituire, almeno in parte, i prodotti di origine fossile con altri basati su risorse di tipo rinnovabile può essere la soluzione a breve e medio periodo per ridurre la dipendenza dal petrolio ed evitare una crisi economica dalle conseguenze imprevedibili. Il problema energetico riguarda in particolare la crescita repentina della richiesta di prodotti petroliferi, per il settore dei trasporti, che si è ulteriormente aggravata con l’ingresso massiccio di Paesi emergenti, come Cina e India, nel mercato internazionale del greggio. Infatti, mentre per sopperire al fabbisogno di elettricità e calore esistono già alternative tecnologiche (come l’energia eolica, solare, geotermica e le biomasse), per il problema dei carburanti per autotrasporto la scelta si fa più ristretta a causa della necessità di disporre di un combustibile fluido che abbia un’alta densità energetica. Se poi si cerca un’alternativa a breve termine che permetta di mantenere l’attuale struttura logistica così come di utilizzare la tecnologia esistente, le possibilità si restringono ulteriormente. Bioetanolo e biodiesel sono i candidati più probabili a sostituire benzina e gasolio essenzialmente perché possono essere utilizzati nei motori attualmente disponibili e perché i processi di produzione sono già ben conosciuti. Il costo del biodiesel rappresenta il maggior ostacolo alla sua commercializzazione ed è principalmente dovuto al fatto che gli oli vegetali, utilizzati come materie prime, sono molto costosi. L’impiego di oli di scarto come materia prima, la possibilità di ottenere processi di trans esterificazione continui e il recupero di glicerolo con un elevato grado di purezza sono i primi passi da considerare per superare il problema. Ma un altro ostacolo ben più grave alla larga diffusione del biodiesel è la bassa produttività di oli vegetali per ettaro. Se si volesse sostituire anche solo il 5.75% dei 49.1 milioni di tonnellate equivalenti di petrolio che sono annualmente consumate in Italia come combustibile bisognerebbe convertire a coltivazioni energetiche almeno 3.2 milioni di ettari di terreno coltivato (Russi, 2008). Un altro problema da risolvere sarebbe lo smaltimento dei 0.4 milioni di tonnellate di glicerina prodotte. Le microalghe appaiono essere le sole specie vegetali potenzialmente in grado di sostituire una fetta importante del combustibile fossile, ma la loro produzione su larga scala non è ancora stata ottenuta con rese soddisfacenti. Il bioetanolo è l’altro principale candidato per la sostituzione della benzina. Al giorno d’oggi il bioetanolo di prima generazione (ottenuto da mais e canna da zucchero) è caratterizzato da un mercato maturo e tecnologie conosciute, ed è infatti il biocarburante maggiormente prodotto su scala mondiale. In particolare, l’etanolo ottenuto a partire da canna da zucchero, è economicamente vantaggioso (il costo di produzione si aggira sui 0.22 $/L) ed ha rese elevate. La canna da zucchero, però, cresce solamente in climi tropicali o sub tropicali e necessita di almeno 600 mm di precipitazioni annue. Di conseguenza in paesi come gli Stati Uniti e l’Europa tale materia prima non può essere presa in considerazione (The Economist, 2007). In questi casi il bioetanolo è ottenuto a partire dal mais ma, a causa del più complesso processo produttivo e del maggior costo della materia prima, il costo di produzione è maggiore del 30%. Il bioetanolo prodotto da mais ha svolto e sta svolgendo un ruolo sicuramente molto importante nell’aprire la strada verso i biocombustibili, ma non può essere considerato la soluzione né a lungo né a medio termine per le ragioni già citate, e soprattutto per questioni di natura etica derivanti dal fatto di utilizzare una risorsa alimentare per fini energetici. Il bioetanolo di seconda generazione sembrerebbe l’unica soluzione in grado di superare il problema. In questo caso le materie prime utilizzate possono essere, infatti, scarti dell’industria agro forestale, del legno e della carta, oppure possono essere ottenute tramite culture marginali in grado di crescere in terreni non adatti alle altre culture e con una quantità di acqua ridotta (Detchon et al., 2005). Le materie primi non sono in competizione con l’industria alimentare; e il processo di produzione, nel complesso, produce meno anidride carbonica dei processi di prima generazione (Deurwaarder, 2005). Sfortunatamente, sebbene il bioetanolo da materiali lignocellulosici stia catalizzando l’attenzione sia della ricerca sia delle politiche di molti paesi, il suo sviluppo su scala industriale non è ancora avvenuto. Al momento il problema principale è l’alto costo di produzione causato principalmente dall’elevato costo degli enzimi utilizzati nel processo (Balat and Balat, 2009). Il grande interesse da parte della comunità scientifica internazionale per la questione energetica e la conclusione che il bioetanolo nel breve periodo è uno dei candidati più probabili per la parziale sostituzione dei combustibili fossili sono state le ragioni che hanno portato allo sviluppo di questa tesi. Considerando che il bioetanolo da canna da zucchero è già economico ed il processo già ampiamente ottimizzato, l’attenzione è stata rivolta alla produzione di etanolo da mais e da materiali lignocellulosici. Lo scopo è stato quello di studiare i processi produttivi, focalizzando l’attenzione sugli aspetti che limitano una produzione economica nel primo caso e la diffusione su scala industriale nel secondo. Nel Capitolo 1 i due processi produttivi sono presentati assieme alle innovazioni apportate negli ultimi anni e lo stato dell’arte. Nel Capitolo 2 un tipico impianto di prima generazione è presentato in dettaglio, grazie ai risultati ottenuti dalla simulazione di processo con il software Aspen PlusTM. Una volta sviluppato il modello, l’impianto è stato ottimizzato a livello energetico e si sono eseguite alcune analisi di sensitività. In particolare si è esaminata la possibile influenza delle future innovazioni (mais con un contenuto più elevato in amido e lieviti maggiormente resistenti ad alte concentrazioni di etanolo) sulle prestazioni del processo. Considerazioni di tipo economico, ottenute grazie ai risultati delle simulazioni, hanno permesso di individuare il costo del mais come maggiore contributo al costo di produzione finale (68.8%), seguito dalle richieste energetiche del processo (16.2%). Considerata l’impossibilità di agire sul costo del mais che segue regole di mercato, si è focalizzata l’attenzione sulla possibilità di ridurre le richieste energetiche del processo, in particolare quelle della distillazione. L’analisi bibliografica presentata nel Capitolo 3 ha permesso di individuare nell’estrazione dell’etanolo mediante CO2 supercritica una possibile alternativa alla distillazione tradizionale. L’azeotropo acqua-etanolo può, infatti, essere eliminato in presenza di CO2 supercritica, e di conseguenza il bioetanolo anidro potrebbe essere ottenuto mediante un solo passaggio. A seguito dell’implementazione dell’equilibrio ternario nel software Aspen PlusTM l’estrazione supercritica è stata integrata nel processo di prima generazione. I risultati delle simulazioni e l’analisi economica presentati nel Capitolo 4 hanno portato alla conclusione che tale soluzione, sebbene presentata in letteratura come valida alternativa alla distillazione, sia svantaggiosa a causa dell’alto investimento di capitale richiesto e dei costi operativi elevati. Nei capitoli successivi sono stati esaminati i processi di seconda generazione. Tra tutti i tipi di pretrattamento quello con acqua calda sotto pressione è stato individuato come uno dei più promettenti, ed è stato quindi stato scelto come base per il presente lavoro di ricerca. Nei processi di seconda generazione la materia prima incide in maniera assai inferiore sul costo di produzione finale, in quanto possono essere utilizzati anche materiali di scarto, per cui gli aspetti energetici assumono un’importanza maggiore. In particolare il pretrattamento con acqua calda ha il vantaggio di non utilizzare altre sostanze chimiche, ma l’acqua deve essere portata ad alta temperatura e pressione, con conseguente aumento della richiesta energetica. Nel Capitolo 5 il processo di produzione di bioetanolo da paglia è stato simulato in dettaglio giungendo a dimostrare che i residui solidi del processo sono in grado di sostenere le richieste energetiche dello stesso anche con il pretrattamento ad acqua calda. Un altro grande problema del bioetanolo di seconda generazione è la non competitività economica. Nel Capitolo 6 si è scelto di verificare l’impatto di un secondo prodotto ad alto valore sulla profittabilità dell’intero processo. I risultati dell’analisi tecnoeconomica sulla contemporanea produzione di bioetanolo (dagli zuccheri a sei atomi di carbonio) e xilitolo (dallo xilosio) hanno dimostrato che anche impianti di media taglia possono diventare competitivi se viene considerata questa opzione. Nei Capitoli 7 e 8 sono presentati i risultati sperimentali ottenuti dal pretrattamento della crusca e della carta con acqua calda. In entrambi i casi è stato dimostrato che mediante pretrattamento seguito da idrolisi enzimatica è possibile ottenere zuccheri monomerici, i quali possono essere poi fermentati a etanolo. Infine nel Capitolo 9 sono proposti due semplici modelli in grado di rappresentare il pretrattamento con acqua calda in un reattore semi continuo. Tali modelli sono in grado di riprodurre quantitativamente l’andamento della solubilizzazione della biomassa alle diverse temperature, prevedere le concentrazioni di zuccheri monometrici e dei prodotti di degradazione.
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Horák, Jakub. "Moderní bioplynová stanice jako součást „Smart Regions“." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232158.
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This thesis deals with the design of computational model of a biogas plant and its use in the concept of intelligent region with focusing on district heating and cooling network. The introduction contains review of technology used in the biogas plant. This review covers the description of modern biogas plants and determination of the energy and technology parameters for computational model of biogas plant. The next part of thesis describes analyze of the dynamics of the operation and the possibilities of using waste heat from biogas plant. The last and also the most important part is based on design of computational model of a biogas plant and design of connection of a biogas plant to the district heating and cooling network.
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Boehnke, Jasper. "Business models for Micro CHP in residential buildings." kostenfrei, 2007. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3375.
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Ruthberg, Richard, and Sebastian Wogenius. "Stochastic Modeling of Electricity Prices and the Impact on Balancing Power Investments." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192111.
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Introducing more intermittent renewable energy sources in the energy system makes the role of balancing power more important. Furthermore, an increased infeed from intermittent renewable energy sources also has the effect of creating lower and more volatile electricity prices. Hence, investing in balancing power is prone to high risks with respect to expected profits, which is why a good representation of electricity prices is vital in order to motivate future investments. We propose a stochastic multi-factor model to be used for simulating the long-run dynamics of electricity prices as input to investment valuation of power generation assets. In particular, the proposed model is used to assess the impact of electricity price dynamics on investment decisions with respect to balancing power generation, where a combined heat and power plant is studied in detail. Since the main goal of the framework is to create a long-term representation of electricity prices so that the distributional characteristics of electricity prices are maintained, commonly cited as seasonality, mean reversion and spikes, the model is evaluated in terms of yearly duration which describes the distribution of electricity prices over time. The core aspects of the framework are derived from the mean-reverting Pilipovic model of commodity prices, but where we extend the assumptions in a multi-factor framework by adding a functional link to the supply- and demand for power as well as outdoor temperature. On average, using the proposed model as a way to represent future prices yields a maximum 9 percent overand underprediction of duration respectively, a result far better than those obtained by simpler models such as a seasonal profile or mean estimates which do not incorporate the full characteristics of electricity prices. Using the different aspects of the model, we show that variations of electricity prices have a large impact on the investment decision with respect to balancing power. The realized value of the flexibility to produce electricity in a combined heat and power plant is calculated, which yields a valuation close to historical realized values. Compared with simpler models, this is a significant improvement. Finally, we show that by including characteristics such as non-constant volatility and spiky behavior in investment decisions, the expected value of balancing power generators, such as combined heat and power plants, increases.I takt med att fler intermittenta förnyelsebara energikällor tillför el i dagens energisystem, blir också balanskraftens roll i dessa system allt viktigare. Vidare så har en ökning av andelen intermittenta förnyelsebara energikällor även effekten att de bidrar till lägre men också mer volatila elpriser. Därmed är även investeringar i balanskraft kopplade till stora risker med avseende på förväntade vinster, vilket gör att en god representation av elpriser är central vid investeringsbeslut. Vi föreslår en stokastisk flerfaktormodell för att simulera den långsiktiga dynamiken i elpriser som bas för värdering av generatortillgångar. Mer specifikt används modellen till att utvärdera effekten av elprisers dynamik på investeringsbeslut med avseende på balanskraft, där ett kraftvärmeverk studeras i detalj. Eftersom huvudmålet med ramverket är att skapa en långsiktig representation av elpriser så att deras fördelningsmässiga karakteristika bevaras, vilket i litteraturen citeras som regression mot medelvärde, säsongsvariationer, hög volatilitet och spikar, så utvärderas modellen i termer av årlig prisvaraktighet som beskriver fördelningen av elpriser över tid. Kärnan i ramverket utgår från Pilipovic-modellen av råvarupriser, men där vi utvecklar antaganden i ett flerfaktorramverk genom att lägga till en länkfunktion till tillgång- och efterfrågan på el samt utomhustemperatur. Vid användande av modellen som ett sätt att representera framtida priser, fås en maximal över- och underprediktion av prisvaraktighet om 9 procent, ett resultat som är bättre än det som ges av enklare modellering såsom säsongsprofiler eller enkla medelvärdesestimat som inte tar hänsyn till elprisernas fulla karakteristika. Till sist visar vi med modellens olika komponenter att variationer i elpriser, och därmed antaganden som används i långsiktig modellering, har stor betydelse med avseende på investeringsbeslut i balanskraft. Det realiserade värdet av flexibiliteten att producera el för ett kraftvärmeverk beräknas, vilket ger en värdering nära faktiska realiserade värden baserade på historiska priser och som enklare modeller inte kan konkurrera med. Slutligen visar detta också att inkluderandet av icke-konstant volatilitet och spikkarakteristika i investeringsbeslut ger ett högre förväntat värde av tillgångar som kan producera balanskraft, såsom kraftvärmeverk.
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Hasasneh, Nabil M. "Chip multi-processors using a micro-threaded model." Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13609.
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Most microprocessor chips today use an out-of-order (OOO) instruction execution mechanism. This mechanism allows superscalar processors to extract reasonably high levels of instruction level parallelism (lLP). The most significant problem with this approach is a large instruction window and the logic to support instruction issue from it. This includes generating wake-up signals to waiting instructions and a selection mechanism for issuing them. Wide-issue width also requires a large multi-ported register file, so that each instruction can read and write its operands simultaneously. Neither structure scales well with issue width leading to poor performance relative to the gates used. Furthermore, to obtain this ILP, the execution of instructions must proceed speculatively. An alternative, which avoids this complexity in instruction issue and eliminates speculative execution, is the microthreaded model. This model fragments sequential code at compile time and executes the fragments OOO while maintaining in-order execution within the fragments. The fragments of code are called microthreads and they capture ILP and loop concurrency. Fragments can be interleaved on a single processor to give tolerance to latency in operands or distributed to many processors to achieve speedup. The major advantage of this model is that it provides sufficient information to implement a penalty free distributed register file organisation. However, the scalability of the microthreaded register file in terms of the number of required logical read and write ports is not clear yet. In this thesis, we looked at the distribution and frequency of access to the asynchronous (non-pipeline) ports in the synchronising memory and provide a detail analysis and evaluation of this issue. It concluded, using an analysis of a range of different code kernel, that a distributed shared synchronising memory could be implemented with 5-ports per processor, where three ports provided single instruction issue per cycle and the other two asynchronous ports were able to manage all other demands on the local register file. Also, in the microthreaded CMP a broadcast bus is used for thread creation and to replicate the compiler-defined global state to each processor's local register file. This is done instead of accessing a centralised register file for global variables. The key problem is that, accessing this bus by multiple processors simultaneously caused contention and unfair communication between processors. Therefore, to avoid processor contention and to take the advantages of asynchronous communication, this thesis presents a scalable and partitionable asynchronous bus arbiter for use with chip multiprocessors (eMP) and its corresponding pre-layout simulation results using VHDL. It is shown in this thesis that this arbiter can be extended easily to support large numbers of processors and can be used for chip multiprocessor arbitration purposes. Furthermore, the microthreaded model requires dynamic register allocation and a hardware scheduler, which can support hundreds of microthreads per processor and their associated microcontexts. The scheduler must support thread creation, context switching and thread rescheduling on every machine cycle to fully support this model, which is a significant challenge. In this thesis, scalable implementations and evaluation of these support structures are presented and the feasibility of large-scale CMPs is investigated by giving detailed area estimate of these structures using 0.07-micron technology.
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Zhou, Feng. "Contaminated Chi-square Modeling and Its Application in Microarray Data Analysis." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/7.
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Mixture modeling has numerous applications. One particular interest is microarray data analysis. My dissertation research is focused on the Contaminated Chi-Square (CCS) Modeling and its application in microarray. A moment-based method and two likelihood-based methods including Modified Likelihood Ratio Test (MLRT) and Expectation-Maximization (EM) Test are developed for testing the omnibus null hypothesis of no contamination of a central chi-square distribution by a non-central Chi-Square distribution. When the omnibus null hypothesis is rejected, we further developed the moment-based test and the EM test for testing an extra component to the Contaminated Chi-Square (CCS+EC) Model. The moment-based approach is easy and there is no need for re-sampling or random field theory to obtain critical values. When the statistical models are complicated such as large mixtures of dimensional distributions, MLRT and EM test may have better power than moment based approaches, and the MLRT and EM tests developed herein enjoy an elegant asymptotic theory.
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Dyer, Nigel. "Informative sequence-based models for fragment distributions in ChIP-seq, RNA-seq and ChIP-chip data." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49963/.
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Many high throughput sequencing protocols for RNA and DNA require that the polynucleic acid is fragmented so that the identity of a limited number of nucleic acids of one or both of the ends of the fragments can be determined by sequencing. The nucleic acid sequence allows the fragment to be located within the genome, and the fragment distribution can then be used for a variety of different purposes. In the case of DNA this includes identifying the locations where specific proteins are bound to the genome. In the case of RNA this includes quantifying the expression levels of different gene variants or transcripts. If the locations of the polynucleic acid fragments are partly determined by the underlying nucleic acid sequence this could bias any results derived from the data. Unfortunately, such sequence dependencies have already been observed in the distribution of both RNA and DNA fragments. Previous analyses of such data in order to reduce the bias have examined the role of regional characteristics such as GC bias, or the bias towards a specific sequence at the start of the fragments. This thesis introduces a new method for modelling the bias which considers the degree to which the nucleotide sequence affects the likelihood of a fragment originating at that location. This shows that there is often not a single bias characteristic, but multiple, alternative sequence biases that coexist within a single dataset. This also shows that the nucleotide sequence immediately proximal to the fragment also has a significant effect on the fragment likelihood. This new approach highlights characteristics that were previously hidden and provides a more powerful basis for correcting such bias. Multiple alternative sequence biases are observed when both RNA and DNA are fragmented, but the more detailed information provided by the new technique shows in detail how the characteristics are different for RNA and DNA and indicates that very different molecular mechanisms are responsible for the biases in the two processes. This thesis also shows how removing the effect of this bias in ChIP-seq experiments can reveal more subtle features of the distribution of the fragments. This can provide information on the nature of the binding between proteins and the DNA with per-nucleotide precision, revealed through the change in likelihood of the DNA fragmenting at each position in the binding site. It is also shown how the model fitting technique developed to analyse sequence bias can also be used to obtain additional information from the results of ChIP-chip experiments. The approach is used to find the nucleotide sequence preference of DNA binding proteins, and also the cooperative effects associated with binding at multiple binding sites in close proximity.
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Rocha, Erika da Justa Teixeira. "âModelagem da IntrusÃo Salina Utilizando Analise de Sensitividade Adjunta â Estudo de Caso: Cap-Bon/Tunisiaâ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6526.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorNos dias atuais a Ãgua se constitui em um bem natural que limita o desenvolvimento socioeconÃmico e, atà mesmo, a subsistÃncia da populaÃÃo. Como tentativa de minimizar o problema da escassez de Ãgua tem-se utilizado a explotaÃÃo da Ãgua subterrÃnea. Entretanto, esse crescimento da utilizaÃÃo de Ãguas subterrÃneas foi feito de forma desordenada e com a construÃÃo inadequada de poÃos. Essa prÃtica acabou por colocar em risco a qualidade das Ãguas subterrÃneas. Assim, a gestÃo dos recursos hÃdricos subterrÃneos tem se tornado um grande desafio. Essa tese propÃe o desenvolvimento um modelo para a simulaÃÃo de fluxo hÃdrico e de transporte de massa para problemas transientes em aqÃÃferos costeiros sujeitos à intrusÃo salina, por meio do desenvolvimento de um modelo numÃrico. Em seguida à desenvolvida uma anÃlise de sensitividade com o objetivo de possibilitar, atravÃs do melhor conhecimento dos parÃmetros locais e suas influÃncias, uma melhor adequaÃÃo do modelo à realidade.
Today the water is a natural well which limits the socioeconomic development and even the subsistence of the population. An attempt to minimize the problem of water scarcity has used the farming of groundwater. However, this growth of the use of groundwater was done inappropriately and with inadequate wells construction. This practice was eventually put at risk the quality of groundwater. Thus, the management of groundwater resources has become a major challenge. This thesis proposes developing a model for the simulation of water flow and mass transport for transient problems in coastal aquifers subject to saline intrusion, through the development of a numerical model. Then we developed a sensitivity analysis with the goal of enabling through better knowledge of local parameters and their influences, a best fit of model to reality.
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Ricca, Steven. "Using a one-chip microcomputer to control an automated warehouse model." Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182869918.
Full textBooks on the topic "CHP model"
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Karrari, M. A simplified nonlinear model for a combined heat and power (CHP) system. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Control Engineering, 1990.
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Millet CHP diyecek (mi?): "CHP'ye yeni örgüt ve çalışma modeli". Ankara: Berikan Yayınevi, 2017.
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Sai che he lun che. Taibei Shi: Shen deng chuang yi chu ban gu fen yu xian gong si, 1995.
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Feng che he shui che. Taibei Shi: Shen deng chuang yi chu ban gu fen yu xian gong si, 1995.
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Cavalloro, P. System Level Design Model with RE-Use of System IP. Dordrecht: Springer, 2003.
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Haase, Jan, ed. Models, Methods, and Tools for Complex Chip Design. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01418-0.
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R, Schultz James, and Water Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Model statewide compliance strategy incorporating the composite correction program (CCP) concept. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.
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Patrizia, Cavalloro, ed. System level design model with re-use of system IP. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
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Rushing, Charles Dennis. The Wakefield International Cup: A history, 1911-1995. Sutter Creek, CA (P.O. Box 1030, Sutter Creek 95685): C.D. Rushing, 1996.
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Saarloos, Wim, and José Dijck. The Dutch Polder Model in science and research. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988163.
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Scientific research in the Netherlands is doing remarkably well. Dutch researchers, universities and institutes reside at or near the top of international rankings. In this essay, José van Dijck and Wim van Saarloos, the president and vice-president of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), explore how such a small country could become a global player in science and research. They highlight interconnectedness, collaboration, trust, and interwoven research and education among the quintessentially Dutch factors that paved the way to the success. They also show, however, that the country's efforts to reach the top sometimes chip away at these trusted foundations. Investments in its research base are lagging, and some typically Dutch strengths have recently come under pressure. They close off with some suggestions on how the country may turn the tide, prolong its great achievements, and ensure a leading role for Dutch research in the nation's future.
Book chapters on the topic "CHP model"
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Bartnik, Ryszard, Zbigniew Buryn, and Anna Hnydiuk-Stefan. "Continuous Time Methodology and Mathematical Model for Analysis of Technical and Economic Effectiveness of Modernizing a Thermal Plant and Combined Heat and Power Plant." In Investment Strategy in Heating and CHP, 33–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61024-5_3.
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Biesinger, Andreas, Ruben Pesch, Mariela Cotrado, and Dirk Pietruschka. "Increased Efficiency Through Intelligent Networking of Producers and Consumers in Commercial Areas Using the Example of Robert Bosch GmbH." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 105–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_9.
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AbstractEnergy-efficient heating and cooling systems as well as intelligent systems for energy distribution are urgently required in order to be able to meet the ambitious goals of the European Union to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The present article is intended to show that intelligent system extensions for the area of heating, cooling and electricity production for the industrial sector can lead to significant increase in efficiency. For this purpose, a simulation study for the expansion of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant with 2 MW thermal output using a 1.4 MW absorption chiller has been carried out. This shows that a heat-controlled CHP unit can significantly increase its running time. A system model was created for the initial situation and validated with existing measurement data. In the second step, this model was expanded to include the ACM module. The simulation was able to prove that in the event of a system expansion, the run time of the CHP unit can be increased by 35%. In addition to then increase of energy efficiency in the supply system, the analysis also focuses on the efficiency of the energy distribution via thermal networks in an industrial environment. The presented paper therefore also highlights the optimization potentials in the operation of thermal supply networks for industrial applications. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been developed which in addition to the components of the thermal network itself also comprises the producers and consumers. The specific construction of thermal networks for the supply of industrial properties requires adapted solutions for the simulation of such systems. Therefore, amongst other things, in the paper, solutions are shown for the modelling of direct flow local heating networks as well as for the operation of a cascade-controlled pump group.
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Borja, Ronaldo I. "Cap Models." In Plasticity, 117–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38547-6_6.
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Kempf, Torsten, Gerd Ascheid, and Rainer Leupers. "Analytical Implementation Model." In Multiprocessor Systems on Chip, 67–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8153-0_6.
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Bozinis, Nikolaos, Konstantinos I. Kouramas, and Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos. "MPC on a Chip." In Multi-Parametric Model-Based Control, 231–53. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631230.ch10.
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Krattiger, Dimitri, and Mahmoud I. Hussein. "Modal Reduction of Lattice Material Models." In Dynamics of Lattice Materials, 199–215. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118729588.ch9.
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Kempf, Torsten, Gerd Ascheid, and Rainer Leupers. "Abstract Simulation Implementation Model." In Multiprocessor Systems on Chip, 89–130. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8153-0_7.
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Marois, Guillaume, and Samir KC. "Converting a Cohort Component Model into a Microsimulation Model." In SpringerBriefs in Population Studies, 25–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79111-7_3.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we show and explain the code that reproduces the multistate projection of India described in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79111-7_2 into a microsimulation model. The microsimulation code is divided into modules for each demographic event, namely the mortality, the education, the fertility, the domestic migration, and the reclassification of rural to urban areas. Section by section, we explain the code for the simulation and the production of outputs. We also a basic validation of the mode. The code file “Chapter 3—Replicating multistate.sas” contains the final complete code that generates the simulation for 2010–2060, including the setting up of the workspace (see Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79111-7_2).
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Caporin, Massimiliano, and Michael McAleer. "Model Selection and Testing of Conditional and Stochastic Volatility Models." In Handbook of Volatility Models and Their Applications, 199–222. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118272039.ch8.
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Micouin, Patrice. "General Systems Theory." In Model-Based Systems Engineering, 1–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118579435.ch1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "CHP model"
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Cho, Heejin, Rogelio Luck, and Louay M. Chamra. "Power Generation and Heat Recovery Model of Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines for CHP Applications." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11634.
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This paper presents a power generation and heat recovery model for reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICEs) that can be effectively used in simulations of combined heat and power (CHP) systems. Reciprocating engines are among the most common types of power generation units in CHP systems. In the literature, constant engine efficiencies or empirical efficiency curves are commonly used in the simulations for CHP performance evaluation. These methods do not provide realistic results for the design and component selection processes. The main advantage of this model is that it provides estimates of performance/efficiency maps for both electrical power output and useful thermal output for various capacities of engines without experimental data. The intent of this model is to provide performance/efficiency maps during a preliminary CHP design/simulation process. An example of model calibration to a specific CHP application is presented to demonstrate the capability and benefit of this model. The simulation results are validated with manufacturer’s technical data.
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Chen, Binbin, Qinglai Guo, Bin Wang, Tian Xia, and Hongbin Sun. "Improved Model of CHP System Considering Heat Exchanger Capacity." In 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei2.2018.8582191.
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Mago, P. J., L. M. Chamra, and Alan Moran. "Modeling of Micro-Cooling, Heating, and Power (Micro-CHP) for Residential or Small Commercial Building Applications." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13558.
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The increasing demand for electrical power as well as energy for heating and cooling of residences and small commercial buildings is a growing worldwide concern. Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) is a promising technology for increased energy efficiency through the use of distributed electric and thermal energy delivery systems at end-user sites. Micro-cooling, heating, and power (micro-CHP) is decentralized electricity generation coupled with thermally activated components for residential and small commercial applications. Micro-CHP systems, typically designated as less than thirty kilowatts electric, can simultaneously produce heat, cooling effects, and electrical power. The number of combinations of components and parameters in a micro-CHP system are too many to be designed through experimental work alone. Therefore, theoretical models for different micro-CHP components and complete micro-CHP systems are needed to facilitate the design of these systems and to study their performance. This paper presents a model for micro-CHP systems for residential and small commercial applications. Some of the results that can be obtained using the developed model include: the cost per month of operation of using micro-CHP versus conventional technologies, the amount of fuel per month required to run micro-CHP systems, the overall efficiency of micro-CHP systems, etc. Also, this model allows to evaluate micro-CHP systems using different type of fuels such as: natural gas, propane, biofuels, etc, to determine the fuel that provides the best performance.
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Ravn, Hans F., Jannik Riisom, and Camilla Schaumburg-Muller. "A stochastic unit commitment model for a local CHP plant." In 2005 IEEE Russia Power Tech. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2005.4524370.
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Oleksijs, Romans, and Olegs Linkevics. "Failure simulation model for evaluation of CHP electrical equipment reliability." In 2016 57th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtucon.2016.7763139.
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Cho, Heejin, Rogelio Luck, and Louay M. Chamra. "Dynamic Simulation of a Micro-CHP Facility: A Case Study." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36156.
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Combined heating and power (CHP) systems are becoming increasingly popular because of their increased power reliability, thermal efficiency, and reduction of emissions. As with CHP systems, micro-CHP (micro-Cooling, Heating, and Power) system consists of power cogeneration system and thermally-activated components such as absorption chillers, water tanks, boilers, and air handling units. Although much work have been done on using steady-state models that follow load profiles to demonstrate the economic advantage of CHP systems, there has not been much work using dynamic simulation of CHP systems which include the transient response of the building along with the rest of the CHP components. This paper presents the results from the dynamic simulation of the micro-CHP system used to model the test facility at Mississippi State University (MSU) and discusses some important issues that were considered in obtaining a dynamic model. TRNSYS, a dynamic simulation program, is used as a simulation engine to evaluate the performance of the micro-CHP system with respect to transient heating, cooling, and electric power demand of the test facility. Details of the building model include geometric and material information, internal heat generation following the equipment and occupancy schedules, local weather information, and estimated infiltration of the test facility. The building model is connected to dynamic models of the power cogeneration system and thermally-activated components. In the test facility, a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with a 15-kW generator is operated to generate electric and thermal energy, and a 10-ton absorption chiller is used for space cooling.
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Cho, Heejin, Rogelio Luck, and Louay M. Chamra. "Technical and Economical Analysis of a Micro-CHP Facility Based on Dynamic Simulation: A Case Study." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41885.
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Combined Heating and Power (CHP) generation systems have been widely recognized as a key alternative for heat and electricity generation due to their outstanding energy efficiency, reduced emissions, and relative independence from centralized power grids. Similar to CHP systems, micro-CHP (micro-Cooling, Heating, and Power) systems consist of power cogeneration systems and thermally-activated components such as absorption chillers, water tanks, boilers and air handling units. There have been many studies in regard to steady-state models following load profiles in order to demonstrate the economic advantage of CHP systems. However, there has not been much work using dynamic simulation of CHP systems, which include the transient response of the building along with the rest of the CHP components. This paper presents both technical and economical results from the dynamic simulation of the micro-CHP system used to model the test facility at Mississippi State University (MSU). The results are compared to a dynamic model using a conventional heating and cooling system. TRNSYS, a dynamic simulation program, is used to simulate the time response of the micro-CHP system based on the transient heating, cooling, and electric power demand of a test facility. The performance and costs of a conventional heating and cooling system are assessed using TRNSYS and the results are then compared against the simulated performance of the micro-CHP system. Details of the simulation model include geometric and material information (e.g., size and type of walls and windows), internal gains (following the equipment and occupancy schedules), local weather information (e.g., ambient temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation), and estimated infiltration of the test facility.
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Balzarek, Stefanie, Kersten Kroger, and Jens Haubrock. "Designing a fuel cell model in application of a CHP-system." In 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2015.7232643.
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Kortela, Jukka. "Nonlinear model predictive control for the industrial BioPower 5 CHP plant." In 2022 IEEE 27th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa52439.2022.9921719.
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Smith, Amanda D., and Pedro J. Mago. "Impact of Thermal Storage Option for CHP Systems on the Optimal Prime Mover Size and the Need for Additional Heat Production." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91175.
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Combined heat and power (CHP) or cogeneration systems provide both electricity and useful heat to a building. CHP systems can result in lower operational cost, primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emissions when compared to the standard alternative of purchasing electricity from the grid and supplying heat from a boiler. However, the potential for these benefits is closely linked to the relationship between the ratio of power to heat supplied by the CHP system and the ratio of power to heat demanded by the building. Therefore, the benefits of the CHP system also vary with the size of the prime mover. In the model presented in this paper, the CHP system is base-loaded, providing a constant power-to-heat ratio. The power-to-heat ratio demanded by the building depends on the location and the needs of the building, which vary throughout the day and throughout the year. At times when the CHP system does not provide the electricity needed by the building, electricity is purchased from the grid, and when the CHP system does not provide the heat needed by the building, heat is generated with a supplemental boiler. Thermal storage is an option to address the building’s load variation by storing excess heat when the building needs less heat than the heat produced by the CHP system, which can then be used later when the building needs more heat than the heat produced by the CHP system. The potential for a CHP system with thermal storage to reduce cost, PEC, and emissions is investigated, and compared with both a CHP system without thermal storage and with the standard reference case. This proposed model is evaluated for three different commercial building types in three different U.S. climate zones. The size of the power generation unit (PGU) is varied and the effect of the correspondingly smaller or larger base load on the cost, PEC, and emissions savings is analyzed. The most beneficial PGU size for a CHP system with the thermal storage option is compared with the most beneficial PGU size without the thermal storage option. The need for a supplemental boiler to provide additional heat is also examined in each case with the thermal storage option.
Reports on the topic "CHP model"
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Nadal-Caraballo, Norberto C., Madison C. Yawn, Luke A. Aucoin, Meredith L. Carr, Jeffrey A. Melby, Efrain Ramos-Santiago, Victor M. Gonzalez, et al. Coastal Hazards System–Louisiana (CHS-LA). US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45286.
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The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) expanded the Coastal Hazards System (CHS) to quantify storm surge and wave hazards for coastal Louisiana. The CHS Louisiana (CHS-LA) coastal study was sponsored by the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) and the New Orleans District (MVN), US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to support Louisiana’s critical coastal infrastructure and to ensure the effectiveness of coastal storm risk management projects. The CHS-LA applied the CHS Probabilistic Coastal Hazard Analysis (PCHA) framework to quantify tropical cyclone (TC) responses, leveraging new atmospheric and hydrodynamic numerical model simulations of synthetic TCs developed explicitly for the Louisiana region. This report focuses on documenting the PCHA conducted for the CHS-LA, including details related to the characterization of storm climate, storm sampling, storm recurrence rate estimation, marginal distributions, correlation and dependence structure of TC atmospheric-forcing parameters, development of augmented storm suites, and assignment of discrete storm weights to the synthetic TCs. As part of CHS-LA, coastal hazards were estimated within the study area for annual exceedance frequencies (AEFs) over the range of 10 yr-1 to 1×10-4 yr-1.
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Pokorny, Richard, and Pavel R. Hrma. Mathematical Model of Cold Cap?Preliminary One-Dimensional Model Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1012879.
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Neises, Ty. System Advisor Model (SAM) Enhancements for CSP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1505161.
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Sharp, Jeremy, Locke Williams, Duncan Bryant, Jake Allgeier, Kevin Pigg, Gary Bell, and Dana Moses. Rough River Outlet Works physical model study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41043.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, requested the support and assistance of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), in the evaluation of the hydraulic performance of the replacement Outlet Works for Rough River Dam. To support the design effort, CHL constructed a 1:25.85 scale physical model. The proposed features of the model in the domain are the curved approach channel, intake structure, transition, curved conduit, stilling basin, concrete apron, and retreat channel. Tests performed to evaluate the hydraulic performance illuminated a few design concerns. To address these issues, several key design changes were made. These included the retreat channel slope, end sill design, and transition design.
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Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.
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The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
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Pint, Bruce A., and Rishi R. Pillai. Lifetime Model Development for Supercritical CO2 CSP Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1515655.
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Sampson, James P., Debra S. Osborn, Emily Bullock-Yowell, Janet G. Lenz, Gary W. Peterson, Robert C. Reardon, V. Casey Dozier, Stephen J. Leierer, Seth C. W. Hayden, and Denise E. Saunders. An Introduction to Cognitive Information Processing Theory, Research, and Practice. Florida State University Libraries, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu.1593091156.
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The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce essential elements of cognitive information processing (CIP) theory, research, and practice as they existed at the time of this writing. The introduction that follows describes the nature of career choices and career interventions, and the integration of theory, research, and practice. After the introduction, the paper continues with three main sections that include CIP theory related to vocational behavior, research related to vocational behavior and career intervention, and CIP theory related to career interventions. The first main section describes CIP theory, including the evolution of CIP theory, the nature of career problems, theoretical assumptions, the pyramid of information processing domains, the CASVE Cycle, and the use of the pyramid and CASVE cycle. The second main section describes CIP theory-based research in examining vocational behavior and establishing evidence-based practice for CIP theory-based career interventions. The third main section describes CIP theory related to career intervention practice, including theoretical assumptions, readiness for career decision making, readiness for career intervention, the differentiated service delivery model, and critical ingredients of career interventions. The paper concludes with regularly updated sources of information on CIP theory.
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Nadal-Caraballo, Norberto, Madison Yawn, Luke Aucoin, Meredith Carr, Jeffrey Melby, Efrain Ramos-Santiago, Fabian Garcia-Moreno, et al. Coastal Hazards System–Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (CHS-PR). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46200.
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The South Atlantic Coastal Study (SACS) was completed by the US Army Corps of Engineers to quantify storm surge and wave hazards allowing for the expansion of the Coastal Hazards System (CHS) to the South Atlantic Division (SAD) domain. The goal of the CHS-SACS was to quantify coastal storm hazards for present conditions and future sea level rise (SLR) scenarios to aid in reducing flooding risk and increasing resiliency in coastal environments. CHS-SACS was completed for three regions within the SAD domain, and this report focuses on the Coastal Hazards System–Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (CHS-PR). This study applied the CHS Probabilistic Coastal Hazard Analysis (PCHA) framework for quantifying tropical cyclone (TC) responses, leveraging new atmospheric and hydrodynamic numerical model simulations of synthetic TCs developed explicitly for the CHS-PR region. This report focuses on documenting the PCHA conducted for CHS-PR, including the characterization of storm climate, storm sampling, storm recurrence rate estimation, marginal distributions, correlation and dependence structure of TC atmospheric-forcing parameters, development of augmented storm suites, and assignment of discrete storm weights to the synthetic TCs. As part of CHS-PR, coastal hazards were estimated for annual exceedance frequencies over the range of 10 yr⁻¹ to 10⁻⁴ yr⁻¹.
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Shen, Bo, and Jeffrey D. Munk. Cost-Optimized CCHP Model Developed Using HPDM Meeting Performance Targets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1557522.
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Parker, M. J., and R. P. Addis. Wind tunnel test of Teledyne Geotech model 1564B cup anemometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5825677.
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