Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chordates

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chordates'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Chordates"

1

Satoh, Noriyuki, Daniel Rokhsar, and Teruaki Nishikawa. "Chordate evolution and the three-phylum system." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1794 (November 7, 2014): 20141729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1729.

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Traditional metazoan phylogeny classifies the Vertebrata as a subphylum of the phylum Chordata, together with two other subphyla, the Urochordata (Tunicata) and the Cephalochordata. The Chordata, together with the phyla Echinodermata and Hemichordata, comprise a major group, the Deuterostomia. Chordates invariably possess a notochord and a dorsal neural tube. Although the origin and evolution of chordates has been studied for more than a century, few authors have intimately discussed taxonomic ranking of the three chordate groups themselves. Accumulating evidence shows that echinoderms and hemichordates form a clade (the Ambulacraria), and that within the Chordata, cephalochordates diverged first, with tunicates and vertebrates forming a sister group. Chordates share tadpole-type larvae containing a notochord and hollow nerve cord, whereas ambulacrarians have dipleurula-type larvae containing a hydrocoel. We propose that an evolutionary occurrence of tadpole-type larvae is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of chordate origin. Protostomes have now been reclassified into two major taxa, the Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa, whose developmental pathways are characterized by ecdysis and trochophore larvae, respectively. Consistent with this classification, the profound dipleurula versus tadpole larval differences merit a category higher than the phylum. Thus, it is recommended that the Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, Ambulacraria and Chordata be classified at the superphylum level, with the Chordata further subdivided into three phyla, on the basis of their distinctive characteristics.
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Zeng, Liyun, and Billie J. Swalla. "Molecular phylogeny of the protochordates: chordate evolution." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-010.

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The deuterostomes are a monophyletic group of multicellular animals that include the Chordata, a phylum that exhibits a unique body plan within the metazoans. Deuterostomes classically contained three phyla, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata. Protochordata describes two invertebrate chordate subphyla, the Tunicata (Urochordata) and the Cephalochordata. Tunicate species are key to understanding chordate origins, as they have tadpole larvae with a chordate body plan. However, molecular phylogenies show only weak support for the Tunicata as the sister-group to the rest of the chordates, suggesting that they are highly divergent from the Cephalochordata and Vertebrata. We believe that members of the Tunicata exhibit a unique adult body plan and should be considered a separate phylum rather than a subphylum of Chordata. The molecular phylogeny of the deuterostomes is reviewed and discussed in the context of likely morphological evolutionary scenarios and the possibility is raised that the ancestor of the Tunicata was colonial. In this scenario, the colonial tadpole larva would more resemble an ancestral chordate than the solitary tadpole larva. In contrast, the true chordates (vertebrates and cephalochordates) would have evolved from filter-feeding benthic worms with cartilaginous gill slits, similar to extant enteropneust hemichordates.
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Jefferies, R. P. S. "How chordates and echinoderms separated from each other and the problem of dorso-ventral inversion." Paleontological Society Papers 3 (October 1997): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000280.

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It is now possible to reconstruct what happened when the chordates and echinoderms first split from each other. This involves a three-way comparison among: 1) the solute Coleicarpus, which is probably a stem-group dexiothete; 2) the Cincta, which seem to be the least crownward known echinoderms; and 3) the solute Castericystis, which is a stem-group chordate, probably the least crownward known. Counter-torsion of the tail, by which the effects of dexiothetism were nullified in the tail, took place in two phases, firstly in the fore tail and later in the hind tail. Echinoderms and chordates are descended from ancestors that were attached to, or lay on, the sea floor and were therefore much more liable to attack from above than beneath. This probably explains why the main nerve trunk in chordates is dorsal, rather than being ventral as in protostomes.
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Su, Yi-Hsien, Yi-Chih Chen, Hsiu-Chi Ting, Tzu-Pei Fan, Ching-Yi Lin, Kuang-Tse Wang, and Jr-Kai Yu. "BMP controls dorsoventral and neural patterning in indirect-developing hemichordates providing insight into a possible origin of chordates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 12, 2019): 12925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901919116.

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A defining feature of chordates is the unique presence of a dorsal hollow neural tube that forms by internalization of the ectodermal neural plate specified via inhibition of BMP signaling during gastrulation. While BMP controls dorsoventral (DV) patterning across diverse bilaterians, the BMP-active side is ventral in chordates and dorsal in many other bilaterians. How this phylum-specific DV inversion occurs and whether it is coupled to the emergence of the dorsal neural plate are unknown. Here we explore these questions by investigating an indirect-developing enteropneust from the hemichordate phylum, which together with echinoderms form a sister group of the chordates. We found that in the hemichordate larva, BMP signaling is required for DV patterning and is sufficient to repress neurogenesis. We also found that transient overactivation of BMP signaling during gastrulation concomitantly blocked mouth formation and centralized the nervous system to the ventral ectoderm in both hemichordate and sea urchin larvae. Moreover, this mouthless, neurogenic ventral ectoderm displayed a medial-to-lateral organization similar to that of the chordate neural plate. Thus, indirect-developing deuterostomes use BMP signaling in DV and neural patterning, and an elevated BMP level during gastrulation drives pronounced morphological changes reminiscent of a DV inversion. These findings provide a mechanistic basis to support the hypothesis that an inverse chordate body plan emerged from an indirect-developing ancestor by tinkering with BMP signaling.
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Ruppert, Edward E. "Key characters uniting hemichordates and chordates: homologies or homoplasies?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-158.

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Four chordate characters — dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gill slits, and endostyle — are compared morphologically, molecularly, and functionally with similar structures in hemichordates to assess their putative homologies. The dorsal hollow nerve cord and enteropneust neurocord are probably homoplasies. The neurocord (= collar cord) may be an autapomorphy of Enteropneusta that innervates a unique pair of muscles, the perihemal coelomic muscles. Despite the apparent lack of organ-level homology, chordates and enteropneusts share a common pattern of neurulation that preserves a "contact innervation" between neuro- and myo-epithelia, which may be the primitive deuterostome pattern of neuromuscular innervation. The chordate notochord and hemichordate stomochord are probably homoplasies. Other potential notochord antecedents in hemichordates are examined, but no clear homolog is identified. The comparative morphology of notochords suggests that the "stack-of-coins" developmental stage, retained into adulthood only by cephalochordates, is the plesiomorphic notochord form. Hemichordate and chordate gill slits are probably homologs, but only at the level of simple ciliated circular or oval pores, lacking a skeleton, as occur in adults of Cephalodiscus spp., developmentally in some enteropneusts, and in many urochordates. Functional morphology, I125-binding experiments, and genetic data suggest that endostylar function may reside in the entire pharyngeal lining of Enteropneusta and is not restricted to a specialized midline structure as in chordates. A cladistic analysis of Deuterostomia, based partly on homologs discussed in this paper, indicates a sister-taxon relationship between Urochordata and Vertebrata, with Cephalochordata as the plesiomorphic clade.
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Holland, Nicholas D. "Chordates." Current Biology 15, no. 22 (November 2005): R911—R914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.11.008.

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7

Sordino, Paolo, Lisa Belluzzi, Rosaria De Santis, and William C. Smith. "Developmental genetics in primitive chordates." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, no. 1414 (October 29, 2001): 1573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0919.

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Recent advances in the study of the genetics and genomics of urochordates testify to a renewed interest in this chordate subphylum, believed to be the most primitive extant chordate relatives of the vertebrates. In addition to their primitive nature, many features of their reproduction and early development make the urochordates ideal model chordates for developmental genetics. Many urochordates spawn large numbers of transparent and externally developing embryos on a daily basis. Additionally, the embryos have a defined and well–characterized cell lineage until the end of gastrulation. Furthermore, the genomes of the urochordates have been estimated to be only 5–10% of the size of the vertebrates and to have fewer genes and less genetic redundancy than vertebrates. Genetic screens, which are powerful tools for investigating developmental mechanisms, have recently become feasible due to new culturing techniques in ascidians. Because hermaphrodite ascidians are able to self–fertilize, recessive mutations can be detected in a single generation. Several recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of applying modern genetic techniques to the study of ascidian biology.
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Butts, Thomas, Peter W. H. Holland, and David E. K. Ferrier. "Ancient homeobox gene loss and the evolution of chordate brain and pharynx development: deductions from amphioxus gene expression." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1699 (June 16, 2010): 3381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0647.

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Homeobox genes encode a large superclass of transcription factors with widespread roles in animal development. Within chordates there are over 100 homeobox genes in the invertebrate cephalochordate amphioxus and over 200 in humans. Set against this general trend of increasing gene number in vertebrate evolution, some ancient homeobox genes that were present in the last common ancestor of chordates have been lost from vertebrates. Here, we describe the embryonic expression of four amphioxus descendants of these genes— AmphiNedxa, AmphiNedxb, AmphiMsxlx and AmphiNKx7 . All four genes are expressed with a striking asymmetry about the left–right axis in the pharyngeal region of neurula embryos, mirroring the pronounced asymmetry of amphioxus embryogenesis. AmphiMsxlx and AmphiNKx7 are also transiently expressed in an anterior neural tube region destined to become the cerebral vesicle. These findings suggest significant rewiring of developmental gene regulatory networks occurred during chordate evolution, coincident with homeobox gene loss. We propose that loss of otherwise widely conserved genes is possible when these genes function in a confined role in development that is subsequently lost or significantly modified during evolution. In the case of these homeobox genes, we propose that this has occurred in relation to the evolution of the chordate pharynx and brain.
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Schilling, Thomas F., and Robert D. Kinght. "Origins of anteroposterior patterning and Hox gene regulation during chordate evolution." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, no. 1414 (October 29, 2001): 1599–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0918.

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All chordates share a basic body plan and many common features of early development. Anteroposterior (AP) regions of the vertebrate neural tube are specified by a combinatorial pattern of Hox gene expression that is conserved in urochordates and cephalochordates. Another primitive feature of Hox gene regulation in all chordates is a sensitivity to retinoic acid during embryogenesis, and recent developmental genetic studies have demonstrated the essential role for retinoid signalling in vertebrates. Two AP regions develop within the chordate neural tube during gastrulation: an anterior ‘forebrain–midbrain’ region specified by Otx genes and a posterior ‘hindbrain–spinal cord’ region specified by Hox genes. A third, intermediate region corresponding to the midbrain or midbrain–hindbrain boundary develops at around the same time in vertebrates, and comparative data suggest that this was also present in the chordate ancestor. Within the anterior part of the Hox –expressing domain, however, vertebrates appear to have evolved unique roles for segmentation genes, such as Krox–20 , in patterning the hindbrain. Genetic approaches in mammals and zebrafish, coupled with molecular phylogenetic studies in ascidians, amphioxus and lampreys, promise to reveal how the complex mechanisms that specify the vertebrate body plan may have arisen from a relatively simple set of ancestral developmental components.
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Eyal-Giladi, H. "Establishment of the axis in chordates: facts and speculations." Development 124, no. 12 (June 15, 1997): 2285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.12.2285.

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A master plan for the early development of all chordates is proposed. The radial symmetry of the chordate ovum is changed at or after fertilization into a bilateral symmetry by an external signal. Until now two alternative triggers, sperm entry and gravity, have been demonstrated. It is suggested that a correlation exists between the amount of yolk stored in the egg and the mechanism used for axialization. The speed at which axialization of the embryo proper takes place depends on the translocation speed of maternal determinants from the vegetal pole towards the future dorsoposterior side of the embryo. On arrival at their destination, the activated determinants form, in all chordates, an induction center homologous to the amphibian ‘Nieuwkoop center’, which induces the formation of ‘Spemann's organizer’. On the basis of the above general scenario, a revision is proposed of the staging of some embryonic types, as well as of the identification of germ layer and the spaces between them.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chordates"

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Coll-Lladó, Clara. "Evolution of muscle regulatory genes in chordates." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16136.

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Boorman, Clive John. "Pitx in the evolution of chordate left- right asymmetry and the nasohypophysial placode." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250600.

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Whiting, James R. "The evolutionary consequences of genetic adaptation to parasitism." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50591/.

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The processes driving and maintaining variable immune responses are poorly understood compared with other aspects of an organism’s ecology. This is particularly true from an evolutionary perspective, as the evolutionary relationships between immune responses and other traits and processes in nature remain inadequately explored. I investigated these associations in this thesis using the three-spined stickleback system as an evolutionary and immunological model. I combined sampling of wild individuals with genomic analyses to demonstrate phenotypic and genomic associations between immune responses and life history evolution across multiple populations. I also observe how experimental changes in daylength, a seasonal cue, modulate immune responses and increase parasite susceptibility in a controlled laboratory experiment. These findings occur independently of natural variation in parasite resistance. Stickleback are also a model for studies of speciation. I used sampling of wild hybrids to assess the significance of immune variation in postzygotic isolating mechanisms between diverging ecotypes; although my findings suggest a minor role. Finally, I demonstrate that genomic responses to parasitism and abiotic environmental variation are repeatable across independent, intercontinental adaptive radiation events in sticklebacks; conferring a repeatability of the evolutionary relationships of immune variation documented in this thesis. The findings within this thesis therefore provide novel insights into poorly explored or open areas of research regarding how variable immune responses evolve in nature.
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Vitale, Jessica. "The olfactory behaviour of spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) and sympatric mammals in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48855/.

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Understanding the natural behaviour and coexistence of species is important for the conservation of intact ecosystems, and behavioural studies can enhance our knowledge of processes such as communication and competition. I investigated the social dynamics and scent-marking behaviour of spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta), and the occurrence of interspecific olfactory eavesdropping among African mammals, within the Okavango Delta ecosystem of Botswana. First, social network analysis found that the hyaena population was comprised of five main clans that maintained territories but whose home ranges overlapped considerably. Scavenging at large carcasses involved associations between individuals from different clans and resulted in relative tolerance toward territorial intruders. Second, observations of communal latrine use found that latrines are likely involved in territorial advertisement by hyaena clans, and cyclical patterns of latrine growth and decline were linked to annual rainfall. Third, a translocation experiment showed that hyaena scats appear to be less important for hyaena communication than other cues associated with latrines, especially as hyaenas did not differ in their behaviour towards scat originating from latrines located in resident versus non-resident clan home ranges. Heterospecific mammals investigated, scent-marked, and were vigilant at hyaena latrines, suggesting a potential function for hyaena latrines in interspecific eavesdropping and/or communication. Fourth, a urine presentation experiment found that the investigation of sympatric predator urine by African mammals stimulated vigilance behaviour, suggesting that olfactory signals provide information about predation risk. Hyaenas exhibited context-specific differences in behaviour towards predator urine: they were more likely to investigate urine samples alongside indicators of predator activity (i.e. carrion odour, carcasses) and were most likely to exhibit vigilance at carcasses when exposed to urine from lions and wild dogs. This study greatly enhanced our understanding of spotted hyaena behaviour within the Okavango Delta, an important ecosystem for the conservation of African large predators. Furthermore, this study provided the first experimental evidence of the role of hyaena scats in intraspecific communication and interspecific olfactory eavesdropping at latrines. My research findings regarding the population’s clan structure and home ranges will form the foundation for subsequent investigation into human-wildlife conflict in the study area. Furthermore, the results from two scent experiments shed light on the potential importance of olfactory signals for mediating interspecific interactions among African mammals, particularly among large predators.
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Herrera, Úbeda Carlos. "Conservation of different mechanisms of Hox cluster regulation within chordates." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668561.

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In this thesis we have covered the importance of finding underlying conservation events to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of important development orchestrators like the Hox cluster. As an example of these non-evident conservation, we have shown two cases, as described below. The first case studied, after developing a software able to detect homologous long noncoding RNAs by means of microsynteny analyses, is the conservation of Hotairm1 in Chordata. For assessing the homology of this lncRNA, first we had to identify the lncRNA fraction within the B. lanceolatum transcriptome. With a reliable lincRNA dataset, we used our pipeline, LincOFinder, to identify orthologs between human and amphioxus through microsynteny. After the identification of Hotairm1 as one of the lincRNAs with conserved microsynteny, we used Xenopus as a proxy to analyse the homologies in the expression and the function. We had to proceed this way due to the difficulties associated with the inhibition of genes in B. lanceolatum, and the unavailability of expression patterns for Hotairm1 in the bibliography. After we successfully characterised Hotairm1 expression in amphioxus and Xenopus, we injected morpholino oligonucleotides to target and inhibit the splicing of Hotairm1 to promote an isoform imbalance. Through the phenotype obtained and the performing of qPCRs, we were able to deduct the mechanism of Hotairm1 and successfully relate this mechanism with the one described in human cells. With all the data obtained we were able to strongly suggest that the amphioxus Hotairm1 is homologous to the Xenopus and human Hotairm1, thus being conserved in most of the lineages within chordates. The second case studied was the conservation of the regulation of the Hox cluster mediated by Cdx. When analysing the B. floridae knockouts of Cdx and Pdx obtained using the TALEN technique, we found a severe phenotype of the developing larvae in Cdx-/- and a mild phenotype in Pdx-/-. The Cdx-/- phenotype consisted in the disruption of posterior gut development, as well as an underdevelopment of the postanal tail, coupled with a non-opening anus. When looking at changes in the expression of the Hox cluster in this Cdx-/- embryos, we found collinear misregulation of the expressed Hox genes, with the most anterior Hox cluster genes upregulated, and the most posterior ones downregulated. This is very similar to findings seen in triple morpholino knockdowns of the Cdx genes in Xenopus, indicating that in both, Xenopus and amphioxus, Cdx is regulating the Hox cluster through a homologous mechanism.
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Wetton, Jon. "Aspects of the biology of a house sparrow (Passer domesticus) colony." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12023/.

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Morphological, biochemical and minisatellite DNA variation was investigated at the colour ringed Brackenhurst House Sparrow population. Measurements and blood samples were collected from 584 nestlings and 692 other birds between 1985 and 1989. Six loci (6PGD, IDH, PEPD2, PEPD3, PEPT and transferrin) which had been the subject of a previous report (Burke, 1984) were investigated by starch gel electrophoresis. All followed Mendelian inheritance patterns, were in Hardy Weinberg equilibria and displayed temporal stability in allele frequencies. No evidence was found of the previously reported segregation distortion at PEPD3 and transferrin but artefact bands were encountered when scoring the latter. Family groups identified by observing colour ringed adults during feeding visits were examined using both enzyme and minisatellite DNA markers. Z chromosome linkage of several fingerprint bands was implicated, though most segregate independently. The probability of detecting an extra-pair fertilization was estimated as 0.5454 using starch gels and 0.9998 by fingerprinting. 51 out of 420 nestlings from 144 broods possessed several bands absent from the attendants' fingerprints. All nestlings with multiple mismatches shared many bands with the attendant female but a number consistent with band sharing between unrelateds with the male, i.e. nonparentage, was the result of cuckoldry. 24% of broods and 37% of males were affected. A correlation between the presence of extra-pair offspring and poor hatching success was noted. Cuckoldry was twice as successful in broods which contained infertile eggs. Metric variation was examined in the confirmed families. Significant heritabilities were demonstrated for weight, tarsus and tail length but environmentally induced variance was considerable. Yearlings were smaller than full adults in plumage length. This may be due to levels of protein reserves at critical growth periods. Some evidence of assortative mating for tail length was found which was unrelated to age associated changes.
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Meng, Anming. "DNA fingerprinting and minisatellite variation of swans." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13889/.

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Genetic variation in natural populations of four species of swans (Cygnus bewickii, Cygnus olor, Cygnus buccinator and Cygnus cygnus) has been investigated by examining minisatellite loci using human DNA fingerprinting probes pSPT19.6 and pSPT18.15. It has been found that swan minisatellites are highly variable. However, the degree of variation depends on the population structure and species. Bewick's Swans at Slimbridge have the highest degree of minisatellite variation, Whooper Swans at Caerlaverock come second, and then Mute Swans, and Trumpeter Swans in Montana. Comparative study of DNA fingerprints among populations and among species suggested that swan minisatellites are subject to specific as well as population differentiation, although the function of minisatellites remains an unsolved mystery. Hypervariable minisatellites of swans that are detected by DNA fingerprinting are stably inherited as codominant markers. DNA fingerprinting has been used to study mating behaviour of Mute and Whooper Swans in the wild The results showed that the Whooper swans were almost strictly monogamous and Mute Swans exhibited an adaptable reproductive system. A genomic library from Cygnus olor was constructed and dozens of minisatellites were isolated. Most of the cloned swan minisatellites were variable, some showed specific variation, and one (pcoMS6.1) detected RFLPs in PstI digests of Trumpeter Swans.
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Rahman, Abdul. "Life history evolution in three-spined stickleback." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41732/.

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A main challenge in evolutionary ecology is to elaborate the main ecological factors that vary in a study system and analyse how those factors shape the phenotype of organisms in their natural environment. These ecological variables can have complex effects since most life history traits are correlated. Here I examined the effects of ecological factors on life history traits, and the relationship among life history traits of North Uist three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (hereafter stickleback). Both abiotic and biotic factors that are commonly measured in aquatic systems, and are known to vary greatly between North Uist lochs, were examined. The traits analysed were body size, age and size at maturation, proportion of fish over one year old, and the fecundity rate. My results showed that there was strong variation in water chemistry and inter-specific competition among the lochs on North Uist. Lochs on the west side of the island were characterised by higher sodium and calcium ion concentrations, higher pH and conductivity, and increased inter-specific competition. As a result, western populations had a faster absolute growth rate, larger body size, and a higher proportion of older fish, indicative of a longer life span. Although western populations had a larger body size, they tended to mature later with a smaller gonadosomatic index. They also favoured a larger number of eggs, but with a smaller egg size. Variations within population showed that larger females had greater fecundity but small egg size. Both plasticity and evolution appear to have contributed to these life history variations. Overall, variation in life history of North Uist stickleback was largely related to measures of resources availability and interspecific competition, except for egg size which was mostly associated with variation in predator density.
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Cantryll-Stewart, Ricki. "A discernment of prey selection by the ancient Maya : white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) : pest, prey, or domesticate." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50198/.

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This thesis investigates the demographics of paleo-populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as a means of testing the hypothesis that this species was domesticated or managed as a vital cultural and economic resource by the ancient Maya in Mesoamerica. To do so it employs a set of standardized bone measurements derived from a modern population and compares them with 1100 deer bone samples recovered by archaeologists from Maya sites dating from 450 B.C. to the late 16th century. These measurements were also applied to modern white-tailed deer specimens representing a discrete population from south eastern Florida of know age, and sex, for use as a baseline. The recorded measurements were used for side by side comparisons and to generate log ratios testing population stature and sexual dimorphism represented in the archaeological materials. Changes in deer stature and mortality profile over time are examined and tested against standard methods for the detection of herd management strategies, that may potentially reveal deer domestication or resource management. Pathologies common to white-tailed deer are identified and their potential for assessing the ontological age of mature deer is investigated. The results show variations in white-tailed deer stature over time and space, suggesting dynamic alterations in prey selection that may be reflective of changes in Maya social complexity.
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Dunn, Matthew Patrick. "Examination of the Leprecan gene family across the chordates : expression, regulation, and function /." Access full-text from WCMC, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692100341&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Chordates"

1

Fenaux, Robert. The classification of Appendicularia (Tunicata): History and current state. [Monaco: Institut océanographique], 1993.

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2

editor, Zheng Guangmei, and Guo jia dong wu bo wu guan (China), eds. Ji suo dong wu: CHORDATA. Nanjing: Jiangsu feng huang ke xue ji zhu chu ban she, 2014.

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Ivanova-Kazas, O. M. Ocherki po filogenii nizshikh khordovykh. Sankt-Peterburg: Izdatelʹstvo S.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 1995.

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I, Université de Bordeaux, ed. Étude des catécholamines chordales chez les embryons d'amphibiens anoures. Grenoble: A.N.R.T. Université Pierre Mendès France Grenoble 2, 1986.

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Zussa, Claudio. Artificial chordae in mitral valve surgery. Austin: R.G. Landes Co., 1994.

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1925-, Johnen A. G., and Albers B. 1953-, eds. The epigenetic nature of early chordate development: Inductive interaction and competence. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Stach, Thomas. Microscopic anatomy of developmental stages of Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Cephalochordata, Chordata). Bonn: Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, 2000.

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F, Chernova O., ed. Kozhnye zhelezy pervichnovodnykh khordovykh: Obzor issledovaniĭ. Moskva: "Nauka", 1994.

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Joe, Dineen, ed. The encyclopedia of guitartab chords. New York: Amsco Publications, 1998.

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Gurnell, J. The natural history of squirrels. New York, N.Y: Facts on File, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chordates"

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Introduction." In Muscles of Chordates, 1–4. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-1.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Head and Neck Muscles of Reptiles." In Muscles of Chordates, 243–66. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-10.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Development of Cephalic Muscles in Tetrapods." In Muscles of Chordates, 267–78. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-11.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Pectoral and Pelvic Girdle and Fin Muscles of Chondrichthyans and Pectoral-Pelvic Nonserial Homology." In Muscles of Chordates, 279–92. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-12.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Pectoral and Pelvic Muscles of Actinopterygian Fishes." In Muscles of Chordates, 293–304. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-13.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Muscles of Median Fins and Origin of Pectoral vs. Pelvic and Paired vs. Median Fins." In Muscles of Chordates, 305–20. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-14.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Development of Muscles of Paired and Median Fins in Fishes." In Muscles of Chordates, 321–36. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-15.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Pectoral and Pelvic Appendicular Muscle Evolution from Sarcopterygian Fishes to Tetrapods." In Muscles of Chordates, 337–56. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-16.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Forelimb Muscles of Tetrapods, Including Mammals." In Muscles of Chordates, 357–424. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-17.

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Diogo, Rui, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, and Virginia Abdala. "Forelimb Muscles of Limbed Amphibians and Reptiles." In Muscles of Chordates, 425–86. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22498-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chordates"

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Panicheva, Daryna, Pierre-Frédéric Villard, Peter E Hammer, and Marie-Odile Berger. "Physically-Coherent Extraction of Mitral Valve Chordae." In 2019 Computing in Cardiology Conference. Computing in Cardiology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22489/cinc.2019.267.

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Panicheva, Daryna, Pierre-Frederic Villard, and Marie-Odile Berger. "Toward an automatic segmentation of mitral valve chordae." In Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging, edited by Barjor Gimi and Andrzej Krol. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2511943.

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Askov, J. B., M. O. Jensen, J. L. Hoenge, H. Nygaard, J. M. Hasenkam, and S. L. Nielsen. "Miniature Transducer for Chordal Force Measurements In Vivo." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19181.

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The objective of this study was to develop a miniature force transducer capable of measuring tension in chordae tendineae (CT). The force transducer should be small in size compared with former CT force transducers [1;2] while not compromising implantation, durability and sensitivity.
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Real, Eusebio, José M. Revuelta, Nieves González-Vargas, Alejandro Pontón, Marta Calvo-Díez, José M. López-Higuera, and Olga M. Conde. "Collagen birefringence assessment in heart chordae tendineae through PS-OCT." In SPIE BiOS, edited by James G. Fujimoto, Joseph A. Izatt, and Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2254303.

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Глущенко, Ю. Н., and Э. И. Цунов. "Видовое многообразие и территориальное распределение наземных позвоночных Tetrapoda (Vertebrata, Chordata) Приморского края." In Животный и растительный мир Дальнего Востока. Publishing House of the Far Eastern Federal University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/7444-4911-7/8-11.

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В публикации дано видовое многообразие и территориальное распределение наземных позвоночных Tetrapoda (Vertebrata, Gnathostomata), известных для территории Приморского края и прилежащей акватории Японского моря. Ключевые слова: Приморский край, наземные позвоночные, Tetrapoda, видовое многообразие, распространение. The publication presents the species diversity and territorial distribution of superclass Tetrapoda (Vertebrata, Chordata), known for the territory of PrimorskyKrai and the adjacent water area of the Sea of Japan. Keywords: Primorsky Krai, Tetrapoda, species diversity, territorial distribution.
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He, Zhaoming, Suveen Emmadi, and Shamik Bhattacharya. "Effects of Edge-to-Edge Repair on Chordal Tension of Prolapsed Mitral Valve." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204845.

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Edge-to-edge repair (ETER) was introduced to correct mitral valve (MV) regurgitation and has demonstrated efficacy in a spectrum of MV diseases [1], especially MV prolapse. This technique changes MV geometric configuration by suturing the anterior and posterior leaflets at central or commissural edges (depending on lesion), and consequently alters MV mechanics. MV prolapse is the most common heart valve abnormality in the United States. It is mainly caused by chordal rupture or elongation in which imbalanced chordal lengths protrude MV anterior and/or posterior leaflets. Chordal repair or leaflet resection are common surgical procedures in an open heart surgery. ETER is also effective in treatment of MV prolapse and preferred because of potential percutaneous application of the similar procedure. However, ETER restore leaflet coaptation from a prolapsed MV and may alter leaflet stress and chordal tension distribution. Our hypothesis is that ETER changes leaflet and chord special configuration of a prolapsed MV and thus chordal tensions as compared with normal and prolapsed MVs. The aim of the current study was to investigate tensions of marginal, strut chordae of anterior leaflet, and of marginal, intermediate chordae of posterior leaflet during systole before and after ETER on the MV with a prolapsed posterior leaflet. Hypothesis is tested by comparison of chordal tension change.
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Soutar, A., and H. I. Sanchez. "Chordae Tendineae Vegetation in the Setting of Strep Mitis: A Case Report." In American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a1780.

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Krane, M., E. U. Braun, H. Mayer, A. Knoll, R. Bauernschmitt, and R. Lange. "Mitral valve reconstruction with artificial chordae: How to secure the desired length?" In 2007 34th Annual Computers in Cardiology Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cic.2007.4745593.

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Braun, E. U., B. Voss, H. Mayer, A. Knoll, R. Bauernschmitt, and R. Lange. "Adjustment of artificial chordae to the mitral valve with advanced tactile technique." In 2008 35th Annual Computers in Cardiology Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cic.2008.4749030.

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Wang, Bo, Dustin McCallum, Lakiesha Williams, and Jun Liao. "Evaluation of Acellular Mitral Valve Scaffolds: Anterior Leaflet, Posterior Leaflet, and Chordae Tendineae." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53668.

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Myxomatous mitral valve (MV) disease is common in North America with an incidence of 1–2%. The abnormal valvular tissues in the myxomatous MV often causes mitral valve regurgitation, which requires surgical repair or replacement to prevent the reversal of blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. A recent study shows that, although with an impressive initial durability, there is an increasing recognition of the reoccurrence of significant MR. For MR intervention with better long term durability, an increasing interest in MV tissue engineering has emerged recently. Another need for tissue engineered MV is from the treatment of congenital heart valve diseases. The current repair or replacement using small non-viable heart valve prosthesis (mechanical or bioprosthetic valves) cannot avoid the risky multiple valve replacement operations along with children’s growth. Therefore, the development of a living tissue engineered MV would greatly benefit both pediatric and adult MV disease population.
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Reports on the topic "Chordates"

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Spela Goricki, Spela Goricki. Identifying the genes necessary to regenerate an injured brain - insights from a basal chordate, Ciona intestinalis. Experiment, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/11675.

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