Journal articles on the topic 'Chopper'
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Yang, Anming, Wei Xiang, Bo Yan, Yiping Duan, Jiangnan Lv, and Mingliang Wu. "Optimization and Test of Structural Parameters of Flat Hob Chopper." Agriculture 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060824.
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In order to reduce the chopping power consumption of a flat hob chopper (referred to herein as chopper) on the premise of ensuring the chopping effect of the chopper, the mathematical model of optimal design of chopper is established in this paper with the minimum chopping power as the objective. With the help of MATLAB software, the mathematical model is solved. The chopping power curves of each point on the chopper blade edge line before and after the optimization of structural parameters are generated. The results indicate that when the coordinate value of point A on the blade edge line on the Z axis is 0.7 m; the included angle between the bottom surface of the blade and the axis of the cutter roll is 6°. When the radius of the chopper is 0.11 m, the chopper can obtain the theoretical minimum chopping power. The analysis result of chopping power curve is the chopping power after structural parameter optimization is reduced by about 25.50% compared with that before optimization. The choppers before and after the optimization of structural parameters was trial manufactured and sequentially mounted on the performance test bench of the chopping system of the forage ramie harvester. The test results show the standard-length rate of ramie stalk chopped by the choppers before and after the optimization of structural parameters were 92.96% and 92.84%, respectively, which were extremely close to each other, indicating that the optimization of structural parameters has no influence on the chopping effect of the chopper. The chopping power of the chopper is reduced by 22.25% after optimization, which is close to the software analysis value (25.50%), indicating that the optimization result is accurate and reliable. This study can provide parameter foundation and an optimization method for lowering chopping power consumption of the chopper.
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Djumhariyanto, Dwi, Mahros Darsin, Hari Arbiantara Basuki, and Robertoes Koekoeh Koentjoro Wibowo. "Introduction to Chopper Machines as a Supporter of Increasing Production and Quality of Livestock Feed in Jember Jelbuk Village." PKM-P 7, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/jurma.v7i1.1775.
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Silage is animal feed fermented to add nutrition and increase feed availability, especially during the dry season. The feed fermentation process is faster if the feed has been chopped before. This service aims to introduce choppers to Jelbuk Village, Jember Regency farmers. The service begins by discussing the problems faced by farmers/breeders, chaired by Mr. Mahfudz. They wanted a portable mini chopper to move and operate this machine at each member's residence. The chopper is modified from the previous multi-function chopper machine, which can chop leaves and twigs and crush animal manure for compost raw materials. Socialization of this machine is carried out simultaneously with training in making silage. After demonstrating the machine's operation and maintenance, the service partners were enthusiastic and rushed to try this new counter at their homes. They hope coaching activities can be continued later with the technologies they need.
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Yudhanto, Ferriawan, Putri Rachmawati, and Citravia Agustin. "Effect of Feeding Size of Cassava Leaf by Chopper Machine on Milk Production of Goat at Kemirikebo Village." E3S Web of Conferences 425 (2023): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342504004.
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A chopper machine that functions as a feeding chopper is often used in agriculture and animal husbandry. The design of this machine is different from a commercial chopper. It is used with a set length of chopped sizes variation in 4 sizes, 1, 3, 5, and 7 cm. Chopped sizes based on the farmer’s requirement to meet standard feeding sizes will impact livestock production. Smaller sizes of feeding, mainly forage (basal feeding) which is easier to digest, will increase feeding efficiency. This research aims to inform farmers about the importance of knowing the forage size for goats that will increase livestock productivity. The 3-5 cm chopped cassava leaf’s optimum size raises milk production from 700 to 1000 ml/day/goat (raising to 42%). This is because the size of the chopped forage makes it easier for the microbial in the goat’s rumen to be digested.
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Jia, Duanyang, Zhijun Wang, Zhenyu Xu, Weilong Chen, Yimeng Chu, and Chunguang Su. "Design of an E × B chopper based on permanent magnets." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 4 (January 1, 2024): 042002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/4/042002.
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Abstract Chopper systems are typically used to provide beam time structure and ensure the safety of accelerator operation by deflecting the beam away. The reliability of conventional choppers is entirely based on high-voltage (HV) pulsed power supplies. However, when the power supply fails to charge the electrostatic deflection plate, the beam cannot be cut off, and it will enter the downstream accelerator. To meet the strict beam stopping time requirements of the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS), novel E × B chopper design has been developed based on a permanent magnet and an electrostatic deflection plate. This design not only ensures the safety of the accelerator but also provides the necessary pulse waveform. The device is small, highly reliable, and suitable for most accelerators. Moreover, beam dynamics simulations have been conducted to evaluate the chopper’s influence on beam quality, and its beam cutting capability has been analyzed.
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Warji, Warji, and Tamrin Tamrin. "Aplikasi Pencacah Pakan Ternak pada Peternak Kambing Isbani Farm." Jurnal Pengabdian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung 1, no. 2 (September 21, 2022): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpfp.v1i2.6238.
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The feed given to goats is generally in the form of grass and cocoa pods. The grass that is given directly without being chopped is not eaten as a whole by the goat, but what is chopped first is eaten until it runs out. This service program aims to apply a forage chopper machine for goats at Isbani Farm so that the forage becomes fine in size. The method for reducing or smoothing the size of forage is to use a chopper in the chopping process. This chopper is in the form of two blades mounted on the axle and driven by diesel so that it can rotate and chop forage material. Service activities include problem formulation with partners, preparation of chopper machines, training on the use of chopping machines for partners and program evaluation. Partners are very open in conveying problems and very cooperative in coordinating. The animal feed material chopper machine can be well prepared; covering frame; the chopper and the driving motor. The training and application of the counting machine to partners went well; partners can absorb the knowledge and skills provided by the community service team. Evaluation of the service program went well; partners' knowledge increased by about 45%. It is necessary to conduct training in making silage or durable feed from agricultural waste feed ingredients such as corn stalks, rice straw and cassava leaves. It is necessary to create a sustainable program so that the partner assistance process is sustainable.
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Prananda, Fijay, Ridway Balaka, and Nanang Endriatno. "Analisis Perancangan Alat Pencacah Nilam Untuk Petani Nilam." Enthalpy : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55679/enthalpy.v9i1.46935.
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The automatic pull shaft on the patchouli chopper is an important component of the patchouli chopper machine. The research aims to carry out an analysis of the patchouli chopper pull shaft and produce a design for the newest patchouli chopper. In this research, the focus was only on the analysis of the pulling shaft on the patchouli chopper where all research methodologies were carried out using inventor software. The main driving engine is a combustion engine with a power of 5.5 HP, S45C shaft material with a tensile strength of 58 kg/mm2, and a shaft diameter of 15 mm. In the selection of pulleys, plays with diameters of 50 mm and 300 mm are used, V - Belt speed is 0.18 m/s, circumference length is 1499 mm, using V - Belt type B with axle distance of 474.6 mm, the contact angle is 2.3 rad and the length of the chopped patchouli was 3.8 cm. From the calculations and analysis, the addition of a pulling shaft to the patchouli chopper is safe to use.
Keywords: Patchouli chopping tool, Puller shaft, Patchouli
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Grenci, N., D. Cortes, and M. Flaska. "Design of an epithermal neutron velocity selection system for the Penn State Breazeale Reactor." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): P06035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/06/p06035.
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Abstract A series of mechanical neutron choppers to operate as a velocity selection system have been developed for the Pennsylvania State Breazeal Reactor (PSBR). This chopper system will provide pulsed epithermal neutrons in the energy range of 0.5–40 eV with 2% or better energy resolution, and with a transmission of 1E-6 or better. Four different chopper geometries have been evaluated for their utility as mechanical neutron choppers. Specifically, Fermi, ring, piston, and disc choppers have been evaluated to assess their potential neutronics performance and mechanical constructability. A series of high-speed disc choppers were selected for the final design, and optimization work was performed to maximize the neutron pulse intensity. It is estimated that the optimized system will produce an epithermal neutron intensity of approximately 96 n/s. This system can also be operated in a time of flight (TOF) configuration such that the neutrons arriving at the source have a white spectrum. This operation can be accomplished by leaving the second stage of choppers in the open position, or by removing it from the beam completely. Such unique source of epithermal neutrons produced by this chopper system will have applications in both prompt and delayed epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA), as well as in neutron resonance transmission analysis (NRTA).
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Viorel, Alina Cristina, and Gabriela Crăciunaș. "Different Chopper Types for Supply Separately Excited DC Motor." International Journal of Advanced Statistics and IT&C for Economics and Life Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijasitels-2023-0003.
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Abstract Nowadays saving the planet’s resources plays a very important role in improving our life conditions. The purpose of the paper is to supply the separately excited dc motor by using different chopper circuits. A very sustainable solution is to replace the resistors from classic theory with dc choppers for better efficiency. The armature voltage can be controlled by using IGBT chopper and the PWM signal received from controller is done with a dedicated block created by MATLAB environment. The advantages of developing this technique are that the speed changes proportionally with armature voltage and inversely with field voltage by keeping field and armature voltage constant respectively. The chopper designed with IGBT and Diode modules offers good control at any frequency value and the speed, the armature current and electromagnetic torque of DC motor can be control. In this paper, different choppers had been simulating were working in four quadrants for supply an excited dc motor by using Matlab program.
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Zhang, ZhiQiang, Allen David McHugh, HongWen Li, ShaoChun Ma, QingJie Wang, Jin He, and Kan Zheng. "Global Overview of Research and Development of Crop Residue Management Machinery." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 3 (2017): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12167.
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Abstract. Crop residue retention has been recognized worldwide to improve soil structure and fertility, reduce pollution and erosion, and enhance soil water retention/conservation. However, some factors limit the widespread adoption of on-farm machinery that can appropriately manage in-field residue. Two key factors are the quality of residue chopping and spreading uniformity. This article initially summarized the research on blade design, blade arrangement and power consumption. The article classified residue management machinery into three types: single function, multiple function and harvester powered straw chopper/spreader. Single function straw chopper/spreader was further subdivided into four types, according to installation and movement modes of the chopping blade; multiple function straw chopper/spreader was subdivided into six types, according to function and location; harvester powered straw chopper/spreader was subdivided into three types, according to mounting position. To improve the chopped straw spreading uniformity, adding a blower fan and improving blade roller structure were proposed to increase the air velocity. Finally, the article proposed future directions for straw chopper/spreader development, including awareness raising of straw chopping and spreading mechanism, analysis of flow characteristics in the machine, development of straw chopping and spreading regulating device. Keywords: Chopping quality, Crop straw, Spreading uniformity, Straw chopper/spreader.
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C. Bagaihing, Ery, Daud Pulo Mangesa, and Jefri S. Bale. "Feasibility Study of Production of Double Blade Grass Cutting Machine." International Journal of Business, Technology and Organizational Behavior (IJBTOB) 2, no. 3 (June 24, 2022): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52218/ijbtob.v2i3.191.
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Most breeders generally feed their livestock only with grass, but for the grass itself it will be food that is easily found and is mostly given to livestock. However, most people still use machetes or sickles to cultivate grass, therefore SMEs have emerged in dealing with grass processing. The tool made is a grass chopper machine, the machine that was created also has several variations, one of which is a double knife chopper machine made by one of the students of the Nusa Cendana University Kupang, namely Stenly Naitboho. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the performance of the chopper machine based on a feasibility study, in terms of the percentage length of the chopped material and the consumption of fuel used along with the production costs of this tool. In completing this research, several methods are needed to launch it, namely literature study and observation. After using the method used, the results of the chopping can be found, namely the percentage of the length of the chopped material measuring < 5 cm (W1) obtained an average of 54.62%, while the average percentage of the length of the chopped material measuring > 5 cm (W2) is 45.28%. For the size of the good chopped results is 2-5 cm in accordance with SNI 7785.1:2003 concerning the requirements for the results of the forage chopping machine. Another result in this study is the consumption of fuel used during the census obtained an average of 0.6 /hour. Based on SNI 7580:2013 the requirements for chopper work for fuel consumption of this machine are in category A. Production costs are obtained at a price of Rp. 4,122,200/ unit.
Keywords:Consumption, Fuel, Shredded, Production
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Abilzhanov, D. T. "Substantiation of technology and development of a pick-up chopper for preparation of chopped hay." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 7 (July 15, 2016): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66180.
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With the use of current technologies of preparation of pressed forage, the losses of valued leaf part of grass plants come up to 14%, which is equivalent to significant losses of total weight of harvested hay. From this perspective, the purpose of the research is to develop a resource-saving technology of preparation of high-quality chopped hay, and to design a pick-up chopper for its implementation. To substantiate the offered technology, the method of system analysis is applied; to develop the structural and technological scheme of universal pick-up chopper, the method of design of agricultural machinery is used. As a result of theoretical researches, the analytical expression is obtained for determination of total yield losses, that are equivalent to the losses of leaf part of forage. The expression is proposed as a new optimization criterion for substantiation of different technologies of forage preparation. To improve the quality of forage and to exclude operations leading to the losses of leaf part of grass plants, a technology of preparation of chopped hay is proposed. Hammer and knife working bodies of a pick-up chopper provide high-quality chopping of dry and wet forage. The machine is equipped with new pick-up mechanism without treadmill, rollers, cranks or bearings for reliable hay picking up. The results of experimental researches allow to determine the following optimal parameters of the machine: the air flow speed in deflector 15 m/s; the rotation speed of pick-up reel 60 rpm; the optimal productivity 8-9 t/h; the losses of chopped forage 1.83%. The performance tests of a pick-up chopper equipped with hammer mill and new pick-up mechanism showed that it provides the preparation of high-quality chopped hay with reduction of operating costs by 2 times as compared to the roll technology of forage preparation.
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Jagher, Reto, Philippe Rentzel, Peter-Andrew Schwarz, Alexandra Hilgers, and Ulrich Radtke. "altsteinzeitliches Geröllartefakt aus Riehen." Jahresberichte der Archäologischen Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt 2001 (December 1, 2003): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12685/jbab.2001.103-128.
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Im Jahre 1999 wurde aus dem Aushub einer Baugrube in der Flur Gehrhalde in Riehen (BS) ein knapp 13 Zentimeter langer, aus alpinem Metaquarzit gefertigter Chopper geborgen.
Zusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, dass die geologisch-pedologischen Untersuchungen sowie die naturwissenschaftlichen Altersbestimmungen nicht alle Imponderabilien, welche mit der Datierung des Choppers aus Riehen in das Altpaläolithikum verknüpft sind, ausräumen konnten. Dies ist unter anderem darauf zurückzuführen, dass der Chopper nicht in situ gefunden wurde und nicht mit anderen Funden vergesellschaftet war.
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Luo, Linjie, Ilya Baran, Szymon Rusinkiewicz, and Wojciech Matusik. "Chopper." ACM Transactions on Graphics 31, no. 6 (November 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2366145.2366148.
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Parra, Igor, Luisa Morales, Javier Mar, and Eudald Carbonell. "Experimental One-Sided Choppers Relating Neuromuscular Human Abilities to Heart Rates and Technological Evolution." Humans 3, no. 3 (August 3, 2023): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/humans3030016.
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The length of time it takes to experimentally make one-sided choppers, as found in the fossil record, bears a linear relationship to the knapping process of fabricating them. In addition, this temporal frame appears to be related to human heart rates measured as beats per minute, which act as a physiological metronome. We achieved these observations, assuming that any paleolithic one-sided chopper has the information needed to estimate, quantitatively, the number of strikes on it. The experimental data allow us to establish the total timing needed for the standard fabricating of any one-sided chopper. We discuss issues derived from these experimental results, showing the evolution of human neurological abilities from 2.4 million years ago to the Modern period via the duration of time needed for making one chopper to that needed to play a 19th-century music score on a piano. Given that the neuronal and physiological distance between both actions differs by a factor of 6, we propose the concept of “technome” to measure human evolution by using methodological homogeneous metrics applied to these two human technologic objects: the chopper and the piano.
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Lubis, Muhammad Iqbal Abdi. "Manufacturing Chopper of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)." Jurnal Agro Fabrica 2, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jaf.v2i2.172.
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Agriculture’s waste is still minimum to utilized the one is empty fruit bunches (EFB), as like happened in the PT. XYZ (Xxx Yyy Zzz). EFB usually left rot into compost naturally which is need decomposition period 6 – 12 months. This research aims to design chopper of EFB and carry out a technical examination of the tool performance. Testing performed by using 5 kgs EFB at three repetition with the average of water content and fat content respectively 32.06 % and 7.46 %. The average of effective work capacity 81.46 ± 5.58 kg/hr, chopped 43.33 ± 0.58 %, percentage do not chop 54.00 ± 1.73 %, percentage of yield loss 2.67 ± 1.15 %, measure the thickness of the chopping 0.5 – 1 cm, 1 – 5 cm, 5 – 10 cm, and >10 cm consecutive were 64.53 %, 15.40 %, 9.21 %, and 10.85 %, the rotational frequency 1121 ± 14.73 rpm, and noise level of chopper between 91.17 to 94.40 dB. Chopping use this chopper of EFB was 13 times more efficient than manual chopping.
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Rana, Ankush, Shivansh Bhatnagar, Sagar Garg, and Amit Garg. "Wide frequency range optical chopper system: an affordable solution using 3D printing and Arduino Uno." Physics Education 58, no. 6 (September 15, 2023): 065009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/acf083.
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Abstract We have developed a wide frequency range affordable optical chopper system from 10–550 Hz. It is a self-contained prototype built using 3D design and printing and Arduino UNO. The system consists of six chopper wheels that are 3D designed using open-source software, Blender and printed on FlashForge 3D printer using polylactic acid. Two Arduino Uno’s have been deployed in the present system- One for controlling the rotation speed of the optical choppers and another for frequency measurement of the modulated output. The adoption of open-source approach makes it possible for any undergraduate (UG) or researcher to emulate the present system with possible modifications as per their need for use in their laboratories. It has made optical chopper system which is a widely used instrument, affordable for the UG/research labs costing below USD 50 whereas the cost of the commercially available systems is in the range of USD 800–1000 and that too with a matching performance and adaptability.
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Hoque, MA, MI Hossain, MM Uddin, and MA Islam. "Preparation and Preservation of Maize Stalk Fodder." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 3 (November 29, 2023): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v47i3.69119.
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Shortage of feed supply of the cattle during the dry season or flood period is an important issue which could be partially met by maize stalk. An experiment was conducted to prepare maize stalk fodder for cattle. The BARI chopper was improved for chopping maize stalk (MS) in smaller size (7-8mm) by adding blades and make the chopper safe by adding casing. The capacity of the BARI chopper was 745 and 425 kg/h with fresh and dried maize stalk, respectively. Total chopping cost per hour was Taka 0.23 per kg. The chopped maize stalk in both fresh and dried conditions with different combinations were served to the cattle and found that smaller sized chopped piece of both dried and fresh maize stalk could be feed in both raw and mixing with salt, wheat bran and water with little molasses. Maize stalk block also prepared with different combinations and found that block made by liquid Gur was better in both physically and cattle likeness. Total cost of block per kg was Tk. 13.85, 31.35, 28.85 and 36.35 for MS block 1, MS block 2, MS block 3 and MS block 4, respectively. Chopped and dried maize stalk were preserved in polybag, open drum and store room were liked by the cattle up to three months of the storage. Flatten and dried maize stalk were not liked by the cattle due to their long size and hardness.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 47(3): 333-342, September 2022
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Laksanawati, Trias Ayu, Nuraini Lusi, and Riza Rahimi Bachtiar. "PRODUKSI BANANA SNACK DENGAN MESIN PERAJANG OTOMATIS DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI." SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 7, no. 2 (June 16, 2023): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v7i2.15192.
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ABSTRAKObugame merupakan industri kecil makanan ringan dari hasil pertanian yang inovatif di Banyuwangi. Salah satu komoditas yang diolah adalah pisang menjadi keripik pisang dengan nama produk Banana Snack. Keunikan produk tersbut yaitu dari segi bentuk keripik pisangnya berongga, berbentuk wafel, unik, dan menarik sehingga menjadi visual identity dari produk. Obugame masih menggunakan alat perajang manual yang digunakan untuk memproduksi keripik pisang. Kekurangan dari alat tersebut yaitu irisan pisang yang dihasilkan belum seragam dan membutukan waktu yang lama. Seiring dengan minat konsumen yang semakin meningkat, maka diperlukan alat perajang pisang otomatis agar proses produksi berjalan lebih cepat, menghasilkan rajangan keripik dengan ukuran dan bentuk seragam serta efisiensi tenaga kerja. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini yaitu penerapan mesin perajang otomatis dengan pisau vertical horizontal untuk memperoduksi keripik pisang agar diperoleh ukuran dan bentuk yang seragam. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah identifikasi kebutuhan mitra, perancangan dan pembuatan mesin perajang otomatis, pelatihan serta pendampingan. Peserta kegiatan ini adalah pekerja mitra di lokasi produksi Obugame yang ada di Kecamatan Purwoharjo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Tahap kegiatan pengabdian meliputi observasi ke lapangan, penentuan kebutuhan mitra, perancangan dan pembuatan mesin perajang otomatis oleh tim Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi, pelatihan, pendampingan, serta evaluasi hasil kegiatan. Hasil dari kegiatan yaitu dihasilkan rancangan mesin perajang otomatis dengan prinsip pisau vertical dan horizontal, mitra Obugame seluruhanya dapat menggunakan mesin perajang pisang otomatis, bentuk dan ukuran rajangan keripik pisang dapat seragam dengan berntuk wafel, serta kerusakan perajangan pisang menjadi <10%. Kata kunci: keripik pisang; obugame; perajang otomatis; wafel. ABSTRACTObugame is a small industry of snacks from innovative agricultural products in Banyuwangi. One of the commodities processed is bananas into banana chips with the product name Banana Snack. The uniqueness of the product is in terms of the shape of the banana chips which are hollow, waffle-shaped, unique and attractive so that they become the visual identity of the product. Obugame still uses the manual chopper used to produce banana chips. The drawback of this tool is that the resulting banana slices are not uniform and take a long time. Along with increasing consumer interest, an automatic banana chopper is needed so that the production process runs faster, produces chopped chips with uniform size and shape as well as labor efficiency. The purpose of this activity is application of an automatic chopper machine with vertical horizontal blades to produce banana chips in order to obtain uniform sizes and shapes.The methods used in this activity are identification of partners' needs, designing and manufacturing of automatic chopper machines, training and mentoring. Participants in this activity are partner workers at the Obugame production site in Purwoharjo District, Banyuwangi Regency. The service activity phase includes field observations, determining partner needs, designing and manufacturing automatic chopper machines by the Banyuwangi State Polytechnic team, training, mentoring, and evaluating the results of activities. The results of the activity resulted in the design of an automatic chopper machine with vertical and horizontal knife principles, all Obugame partners could use an automatic banana chopper machine, the shape and size of chopped banana chips could be uniform in the shape of a waffle, and the damage to the banana chopper could be <10%. Keywords: banana chips; obugame; automatic chopper; waffle.
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Grammer, Kyle B., Franz X. Gallmeier, and Erik B. Iverson. "Non-static surfaces in MCNPX: The chopper extension1." Journal of Neutron Research 22, no. 2-3 (October 20, 2020): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jnr-200148.
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Rotating objects, such as choppers, are common components of a neutron beamline, and the motion of these components is not described in the static geometry of an MCNPX model. The special case of non-static surfaces for rotation about a stationary point in space has been developed for MCNPX. In addition, velocity dependent kinematics due to the motion of the medium have been implemented. This implementation allows for the simulation of rotating objects at speeds comparable to the velocity of cold neutrons. Applications of the chopper extension will be discussed, including the direct simulation of a bandwidth chopper system, the thermalization of neutrons inside a spinning material, and the discussion of the implementation of a spinning single crystal.
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Young, E. D., J. M. Robert, and W. P. Shofner. "Regularity and latency of units in ventral cochlear nucleus: implications for unit classification and generation of response properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 60, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.60.1.1.
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1. The responses of neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) of decerebrate cats are described with regard to their regularity of discharge and latency. Regularity is measured by estimating the mean and standard deviation of interspike intervals as a function of time during responses to short tone bursts (25 ms). This method extends the usual interspike-interval analysis based on interval histograms by allowing the study of temporal changes in regularity during transient responses. The coefficient of variation (CV), equal to the ratio of standard deviation to mean interspike interval, is used as a measure of irregularity. Latency is measured as the mean and standard deviation of the latency of the first spike in response to short tone bursts, with 1.6-ms rise times. 2. The regularity and latency properties of the usual PST histogram response types are shown. Five major PST response type classes are used: chopper, primary-like, onset, onset-C, and unusual. The presence of a prepotential in a unit's action potentials is also noted; a prepotential implies that the unit is recorded from a bushy cell. 3. Units with chopper PST histograms give the most regular discharge. Three varieties of choppers are found. Chop-S units (regular choppers) have CVs less than 0.35 that are approximately constant during the response; chop-S units show no adaptation of instantaneous rate, as measured by the inverse of the mean interspike interval. Chop-T units have CVs greater than 0.35, show an increase in irregularity during the response and show substantial rate adaptation. Chop-U units have CVs greater than 0.35, show a decrease in irregularity during the response, and show a variety of rate adaptation behaviors, including negative adaptation (an increase in rate during a short-tone response). Irregular choppers (chop-T and chop-U units) rarely have CVs greater than 0.5. Choppers have the longest latencies of VCN units; all three groups have mean latencies at least 1 ms longer than the shortest auditory nerve (AN) fiber mean latencies. 4. Chopper units are recorded from stellate cells in VCN (35, 42). Our results for chopper units suggest a model for stellate cells in which a regularly firing action potential generator is driven by the summation of the AN inputs to the cell, where the summation is low-pass filtered by the membrane capacitance of the cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Koschel, Mary Jo. "'Chopper Go'." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 102, no. 9 (September 2002): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200209000-00043.
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DeBroff, Brian. "Koch Chopper." Techniques in Ophthalmology 2, no. 1 (March 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00145756-200403000-00002.
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Sugandi, Wahyu K., Ahmad Thoriq, Asep Yusuf, and Firdaus Firdaus. "Rekayasa Mesin Perajang Tembakau Mole." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v10i4.459-467.
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Sukasari in Sumedang areas is one of the areas producing mole tobacco with the best quality with a production capacity of 1.2 tons.ha-1 once harvested. However, the tobacco chopping system has been still conventional which results in the inhibition of tobacco supply from producers (farmers) to consumers. The tool used was to use a knife to slice rolled tobacco with a chopping capacity of 35 kg per 2 worker per day. So the time was need to chopped 1.2 tons of tobacco in 35 days. Besides to long processing time, farmers often feels of back pain sick and right hand cramps, considering the average age of farmers have been above 50 years because the chopping process is carried out every day when the harvest season arrives. Therefore, a study need regarding the engginering design and technical analysis of tobacco chopper machines so that the chopping capacity can the production capacity of 1.2 tons.ha-1. The aims of study is to design a prototype tobacco chopper machine with a capacity of 140 kg.hour-1. This method used in this research is engineering design which is to carry out a design activity that is not routine, so that in it there is a new contribution, both in form and product. The result of the technical analysis of this tobacco chopper machine is that the chopping power is 0.59 HP, the dimensions of the chopper machine are 800 mm (length) x 757 mm (width) x 1000 mm (height) with the prime mover using a 1 HP electric motor. Actual capacity based on measurement is 66 kg/hour with 96.7% yield. Keywords: chopper machine, engine design, mole tobacco
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Hamedani, Pegah, Cristian Garcia, and Jose Rodriguez. "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Power Quantities in DC Electric Arc Furnace Power Supplies." Energies 16, no. 9 (May 4, 2023): 3888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093888.
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Conventionally, DC arc furnaces are fed by thyristor rectifiers to control the level of current or power transferred to the load. With the advancement of high-power transistors, other structures such as diode rectifiers and DC choppers have been introduced and developed for the feeding system of DC electric arc furnaces. In this paper, the effect of different power supply systems on power quality indexes is discussed. In this regard, two types of feeding systems are considered, including a power supply system based on thyristor rectifiers and a power supply system based on diode rectifiers and DC choppers. In addition, different control methods, including constant current control (CCC) and constant power control (CPC), on DC electric arc furnaces are applied. For evaluating the power quality indexes, voltage and current harmonic distortion, unbalance of voltage and current, and power factor on the AC side are investigated for different power supply systems. Simulation results were performed with PSCAD/EMTDC software. It is shown that the power supply systems with diode rectifiers and DC choppers have superiority in comparison to the types based on thyristor rectifiers. According to the results, the average current THD is reduced from 16.55% in the thyristor rectifier to 8.40% in the chopper rectifiers with the CCC method and from 19.27% in the thyristor rectifier to 7.38% in the chopper rectifiers with the CPC method. Moreover, the average voltage THD is reduced from 5.67% in the thyristor rectifier to 3.02% in the chopper rectifiers with the CCC method. The result is similar to the CPC method. Furthermore, for a specific power supply system, the harmonic distortion is lower in the case of the CPC method than in the CCC method.
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Lyashenko, Serhii, Oleksandr Gorbenko, Anton Kelemesh, Antonina Kalinichenko, Jan Stebila, and Volodymyr Patyka. "Non-Waste Technology for Utilization of Tree Branches." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (September 4, 2022): 8871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178871.
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The trees (e.g., fruit or decorative) growing on the homestead plots of private households provide opportunities for sustainable biomass obtained from pruned branches every year. Profitable production of fuel material requires high-performance equipment and methods by which wood chips can be produced at low cost. The practice of chopping tree branches shows that not all chopping machines are suitable for use on homestead plots. This research gives the five-year test results of a developed and patented tree branch chopping machine under special operating conditions. The machine was tested under the conditions of the homestead plot of a private household in the Poltava region, and the engineering parameters to set up the chopper were determined. It is recommended to set a 0.3404 radian (19 degrees 50 min) angle on the chopper to cut tree branches as well as to set the size of the cutting knives’ protrusion above the disc plane within 0.0120 m. As a result of the correct settings, the power consumption of the chopper motor will be W = 1.3549 kW, which is an optimal value for the studied chopper. The research results made it possible to provide instructions for the tree branch chopper’s operation and to adapt it to the conditions of homestead plots.
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Amitabh, Anupam, Vishal Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Jain, Vinita Kashyap, Rokayya Sami, Mahmoud Helal, N. I. Aljuraide, and H. Uguru. "Development and Performance Evaluation of Watermelon Pulper Based on Mechanical Action of Crushing and Shearing Force." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2283.
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Pulpers available in market have two concentric drums, one for sieving the crushed fruit pulp and other serve as housing. A motorized single drum brush type watermelon pulper was designed and fabricated unlike the available pulper in market. The pulper designed was simple, low cost, high capacity and easy to operate and required less cleaning effort and time. The pulper consist of the feed hopper, choppers, screw conveyor, cylindrical main housing with baffles, a perforated screen, juice outlet, waste outlet and a shaft with two beaters and nylon brushes. The auger conveyed the chopped fruit pieces while the beaters/brushes crushed, pressed and squeezed the fruits to extract the pulp. The motor, extraction unit shaft and chopper shaft had speed 1440, 360 and 90 respectively for effective pulp recovery. The developed pulper has an overall dimension of 890 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm and weighed 33.20 kg. The pulper has an average throughput of 1100 kg/h with an average extraction efficiency of 90.14 percent.
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Mamatov, F. M., R. R. Karimov, Sh X. Gapparov, F. U. Karshiev, and R. M. Choriyev. "Determination of the parameters of the canonical working body of the straw chopper." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1076, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1076/1/012025.
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Abstract In the world, much attention is paid to the development and application of machine straw choppers. The aim of the study is to justify the parameters of a straw chopper in the form of a hyperboloid of polycaninic form. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. The authors proposed and developed a straw chopper of polycanonical form. On the basis of theoretical studies analytical dependences for definition of the frontal area of a polycanonical straw shredder depending on its parameters are determined. Multifactorial experiments were carried out, on the basis of which the optimal parameters and mode of operation of the shredder were established: length of the working part 861 mm, angle of the tray installation 38° and rotor rotation frequency 727 rpm.
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Hayden, Brian. "Insights into early lithic technologies from ethnography." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1682 (November 19, 2015): 20140356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0356.
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Oldowan lithic assemblages are often portrayed as a product of the need to obtain sharp flakes for cutting into animal carcases. However, ethnographic and experimental research indicates that the optimal way to produce flakes for such butchering purposes is via bipolar reduction of small cryptocrystalline pebbles rather than from larger crystalline cores resembling choppers. Ethnographic observations of stone tool-using hunter-gatherers in environments comparable with early hominins indicate that most stone tools (particularly chopper forms and flake tools) were used for making simple shaft tools including spears, digging sticks and throwing sticks. These tools bear strong resemblances to Oldowan stone tools. Bipolar reduction for butchering probably preceded chopper-like core reduction and provides a key link between primate nut-cracking technologies and the emergence of more sophisticated lithic technologies leading to the Oldowan.
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Nariyama, Nobuteru. "Current saturation in free-air ionization chambers with chopped synchrotron radiation." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 5 (July 3, 2013): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049513016154.
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Saturation curves for free-air ionization chambers with electrode gap widths of 4.2, 8.4 and 18 mm were obtained for 10 and 15 keV undulator synchrotron radiation thinned with a 230 Hz rotating-disk chopper. Ion recombination in free-air ionization chambers was found to be inversely proportional to the applied electric field, and an expression that satisfactorily reproduced the ion-recombination rate is determined. A comparison of the expressions for continuous and pulsed X-rays revealed that chopped high-intensity X-rays require a higher voltage to attain saturation when the product of the pulse width and electric field exceeds a value that depends on the X-ray energy. This behaviour was observed explicitly for 10 keV X-rays in measurements with the ionization chamber placed before and after the chopper.
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Ihsan, Azar, and Muldi Yuhendri. "Rancang Bangun DC Chopper Satu Kuadran Berbasis Simulink Matlab." JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia 2, no. 2 (August 21, 2021): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jtein.v2i2.160.
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Catu daya DC merupakan serangkaian komponen elektronik yang dapat menyuplai tegangan DC ke komponen elektronik lainnya. Setiap perangkat elektronik membutuhkan tegangan suplay yang berbeda-beda. Karena penggunaan catu daya yang luas ini, diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat mengkonversikan tegangan DC dari suatu tingkat tegangan ketingkat tegangan lainnya. Maka salah satu cara untuk mengubah tegangan DC ketegangan DC lainnya digunakan sistem yang dikenal sebagai DC choper. Pada Sistem DC choper satu kuadran nilai rata-rata tegangan keluaran dan arusnya selalu positif dan dayanya selalu mengalir dari sumber ke beban. Paper ini mengusulkan DC chopper satu kuadran berbasis kontroller proportional (P). Sistem kendali diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroller arduino mega 2560 yang diprogram dengan simulink matlab. Peralatan sistem kendali dilengkapi dengan potensiometer sebagai penurunan tegangan input 200 VDC menjadi tegangan yang bervariasi sesuai dengan yang diinginkan yang diinginkan agar tegangan keluaran tetap stabil. Tegangan 200 VDC yang termasuk tegangan tinggi maka dibutuhkan IGBT untuk membuat arus yang lebih besar dan beroperasi dalam tegangan tinggi karena memiliki efesiensi yang lebih baik. Untuk mendeteksi tegangan tersebut dibutuhkan sensor tegangan yang terdiri dua buah resistor yang bernilai 330K dan 6,3K dan sensor arus yang digunakan unyuk mendeteksi arus, sensor arus yang digunakan sensor arus ACS712. Sistem DC choper satu kuadran diverifikasikan melalui percobaan di laboratorium dengan beban load resistor. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwaDC chopper satu kuadran berbasis kontroller proportional yang diusulkan dalam paper ini telah bekerja dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari tegangan output yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan tegangan yang diinginkan yang atur melalui pontesiometer.
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Jankauskas, Vytenis, Robertas Abrutis, Audrius Žunda, and Justinas Gargasas. "Wear Study of Straw Chopper Knives in Combine Harvesters." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 7384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137384.
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Cereal straw is a biomaterial with great potential: about 144 million tons of biomass are grown annually in Europe. For any use of straw (fertilizer, biofuel, etc.), efficient chopping technology, i.e., the reliable and efficient operation of mobile or stationary choppers, is the key factor for further success. Since most of the straw is chopped at harvest time, the subject of the study is the wear of the combine’s chopping knives. Six blades of different materials and designs were tested under realistic conditions during wheat and rapeseed harvesting on 180 ha. The influence of hardness, composition, cutting edge angle, and position in the chopper on knife wear was analyzed. The study showed that the blades with the highest cutting edge hardness (568 ± 11 HV) and the lowest cutting edge angle (20.9°) had the lowest wear. The highest hardness of the induction hardened knives was due to the 0.42% carbon content of the steel. The study confirmed that wear was inversely proportional to the hardness of the cutting edge (the harder the cutting edge, the lower the wear) and directly proportional to the angle of the cutting edge (the higher the angle, the greater the wear). The SEM study showed that part of the tooth surface of the blades was covered by permanent deposits of the material to be shredded. This wear was not caused by the interaction between straw and blade but by microabrasive particles that contaminated the straw.
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Suhdi, Suhdi, Lutiya Damayanti, and Saparin Saparin. "Perbaikan Desain Mesin Pencacah Daun Pelawan Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Proses Pencacahan." Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Terapan 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/jitt.v2i1.220.
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The Pelawan leaf chopper machine is an annual product of LPPM Universitas Brawijaya Malang and in collaboration with several universities, one of which is Bangka Belitung University which is focused on the Pelawan forest, Namang village, Central Bangka Regency. The chopping machine used has dimensions of 30 x 30 x 3 mm, and uses a 200-watt electric motor drive with a voltage of 220 V/150 Hz, with Rpm 2800 and 2 blades in the hopper. During the machine testing process, there were still deficiencies in the tool components which caused the results of the chopping to not be chopped properly. Therefore, it is necessary to identify existing problems and make design improvements to the pelawan leaf chopper machine to increase the capability of the chopping process. Identification was carried out on a pelawan leaf chopper machine in the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory at Bangka Belitung University. From the identification it is obtained; Firstly, the number of blades is 2, which causes the chopping process to not be optimal. Second, the distance between the hopper wall gaps is too wide, which affects the level of fineness of the chopped results. For this reason, design improvements were carried out to provide several alternative concepts (sketches) for the number of blades from various constructions on the machine. The alternatives given are 3 concept variants, the first is a 90° tilt propeller concept variant, the second is a 45° tilt screw layout concept variant and the third is a straight concept variant and a 90° tilt layout. In this research, variations of the concept following the assessment criteria and a distance between the blades of 45° enabled maximum results to be obtained.
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Masienko, Ivan, Artem Vasilenko, and Sergey Schevchenko. "Patent analysis of design features of non-cereal crop choppers." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301029.
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The paper provides an overview of patent developments - mounted and trailed mobile choppers-straw spreaders. Their analysis is carried out and the shortcomings in the process of chopping and field distribution of the non-cereal part of rice crop are indicated. A design of PIRS-2-2 mobile trailed rice straw chopper is proposed, which is to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in the choppers designed for chopping cereal straw. The use of this machine will ensure the required quality of rice straw chopping and uniform distribution of check plots to a given width.
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Itoh, Shinichi, and Kenji Ohoyama. "Chopper Spectrometer (2)." hamon 25, no. 1 (2015): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5611/hamon.25.1_52.
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Brennen, Reid A. "Microfabricated optical chopper." Optical Engineering 33, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.181576.
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DeBroff, Brian M. "Vejarano Irrigating Chopper." Techniques in Ophthalmology 3, no. 3 (September 2005): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ito.0000177614.04431.ab.
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Page, Lyman A., Edward S. Cheng, and Stephan S. Meyer. "Resonant cryogenic chopper." Applied Optics 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.31.000095.
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Yeoh, Ronald. "Fractured chopper tips." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 36, no. 10 (October 2010): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.07.010.
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Khaliullin, D. T. "Improved feed chopper." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 11 (November 24, 2023): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2023-11-28-31.
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The authors present the results of experimental studies to develop the main design and technological parameters of the improved chopper which allow to improve the feed quality and the energy efficiency of the process. The studies have made it possible to establish rational dimensional and technological parameters of the chopper. The recommended rotation speed of the cutting knives for chopping corn cobs is 1200 and 1500 min-1 with a moisture content of up to 66%.
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Ciupek, Martin. "Das Chopper-Dreirad." VDI nachrichten 78, no. 06 (2024): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0042-1758-2024-06-40.
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Le Beau, F. E., A. Rees, and M. S. Malmierca. "Contribution of GABA- and glycine-mediated inhibition to the monaural temporal response properties of neurons in the inferior colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 902–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.902.
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1. To determine the contribution of inhibition to the generation of the temporal response patterns of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC), the effects of iontophoretically applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and the GABAA and glycine receptor antagonists, bicuculline and strychnine were studied on 121 neurons in the IC of urethan-anesthetised guinea pig. 2. The neurons temporal discharge patterns were classified into six categories on the basis of their peristimulus time histograms (PSTHs). 1) Onset units fired at the stimulus onset and could be divided into two subtypes: narrow (1-2 spikes only) or broad (response lasting up to approximately 30 ms). 2) Pauser units had a precisely timed onset peak separated from a lower level of sustained activity by either a marked reduction or complete cessation of firing. 3) Chopper units had three or more clearly defined peaks near stimulus onset or evidence of regularly spaced peaks over the duration of the stimulus. 4) Onset-chopper units had three clearly defined peaks at onset but no sustained firing. 5) On-sustained units had a clearly defined single onset peak followed by a lower level of sustained activity. 6) Sustained units fired throughout the stimulus, but lacked an onset peak. 3. Iontophoretic application of GABA and glycine produced a dose-dependent reduction in firing rate in 76% (42/55) and 79% (11/14) of units, respectively. Application of bicuculline or strychnine increased the discharge rate in 91% (64/70) and 94% (16/17) of neurons, respectively. 4. The effects of bicuculline and strychnine on PSTH class were studied in detail on 70 neurons. Changes in discharge rate were accompanied by changes in PSTH in 49% (34/70) of neurons tested with bicuculline and 41% (7/17) tested with strychnine. Pauser units were the most affected with 69% changing their PSTH class, but some units in all PSTH classes, except the chopper group, exhibited changes in PSTH pattern after application of bicuculline. The majority of units (approximately 50%) that changed PSTH pattern in the presence of bicuculline became chopper units. Units of all PSTH classes could become choppers, but the proportion of units showing this change was dependent on the unit's control response pattern. All seven units that changed PSTH class with strychnine also became choppers. Changes in PSTH, including the appearance of a chopper pattern, did not depend on either a unit's control discharge rate or the magnitude of the change in discharge rate induced by the antagonists. 5. Bicuculline and strychnine had no significant effect on latency for units in the chopper, onset-chopper, onset, pauser, and on-sustained groups. A few sustained and unclassified units that had long predrug latencies did show marked reductions in latency when tested with bicuculline. 6. The majority of units did not fire spontaneously, and neither bicuculline or strychnine produced a significant increase in spontaneous rate. 7. In many units, the changes in firing rate did not occur equally over the duration of the response. Firing rates at the onset and in the last quarter of the sustained response were compared. Three effects of bicuculline and strychnine were observed. For 80% of units the largest change in firing rate occurred in the sustained response, while in 14% of units the change was greatest at onset.
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Putera, Fahmi Ilmano, Aryo Bayu Wibisono, and Aphief Tri Artanto. "PERANCANGAN BUKU VISUAL SEPEDA MOTOR CHOPPER DENGAN TEKNIK FOTOGRAFI." SYNAKARYA Visual Communication Design Student Journal 2, no. 01 (May 28, 2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/synakarya.v2i01.35.
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Chopper merupakan salah satu motor kustom yang sedang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat Surabaya. Chopper pun juga memiliki ciri khas tersendiri dibandingkan aliran-aliran sepeda motor custom lainnya. Chopper memiliki kultur tersendiri, terdiri dari beberapa elemen, seperti fashion, musik, event, bahkan sampai memiliki gaya visual tersendiri. Sangat disayangkan jika para pecinta Chopper tersebut tidak mengerti informasi tentang kultur maupun cara pembuatan yang ada di dalam Chopper. Perancangan buku visual ini memberikan informasi terkait kultur maupun cara pembuatan dan orang-orang yang terlibat didalamnya dengan menggunakan teknik fotografi. Untuk mewujudkan perancangan yang tepat dan sesuai sasaran, maka diperlukan landasan perancangan yang digunakan menggunakan audiens, selain obsesrvasi yang dilakukan. Sedangkan data sekunder didapatkan dari kepustakaan baik dari buku dan jurnal. Analisa yang digunakan pada perancangan ini adalah analisa fishbone. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data dapat disimpulkan bahwa perancangan buku visual Chopper memiliki konsep sebagai buku visual yang menyampaikan berbagai macam infromasi tentang Chopper secara apaadnya tanpa rekayasa yang menggunakan teknik fotografi. Dalam perancangan ini, diharapkan melalui buku visual Chopper ini dapat memberikan wawasan dan informasi terhadap kultur Chopper yang menjadi salah satu kebiasaan yang dapat berdampak positif dan nantinya dapat terus dilestarikan.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Aivars Aboltins, Hristo Beloev, Volodymyr Nadykto, Volodymyr Kyurchev, Valerii Adamchuk, and Viktor Kaminskiy. "Experimental Investigation of Plow-Chopping Unit." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010030.
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The article presents research results of a machine-tractor unit that performs two technological operations simultaneously: (i) chopping plant residues (sunflower stubble); (ii) covering the chopped stubble with the soil. The first operation is carried out with a front-mounted plant residues chopper, and the second one is carried out with a rear-mounted plough. The chopper’s working devices are rotated by the tractor’s front power take-off (PTO), which has two operating modes: 540 and 1000 rpm. It was determined that to reduce the dynamic load in the drive of the chopper’s plant residues working devices, to chop these residues qualitatively, and then to cover them with the soil, the tractor’s front PTO should be adjusted to a speed of 1000 rpm. With this mode of the chopper’s working device’s rotation, the difference in its vertical vibrations’ dispersion and the tractor front axle’s oscillations is insignificant. The variance of the plowing depth vibrations (1.44 cm2), changing aperiodically in the frequency range of 0–2.5 Hz, is not accidentally less than the variance of irregularities vibrations of the longitudinal field profile (2.75 cm2). The plough draft resistant oscillations of the plow-chopping unit had the least impaction at the plowing depth oscillations. The proof of this is the small value of the cross correlation function; for such oscillating processes as ‘plough draft resistance—plowing depth’, it was equal to 0.22, which is 3.4 times less than for oscillating processes ‘surface’s longitudinal profile—plowing depth’. The number of chopped particles less than 15 cm in length increased by 1.5 times, and the number of particles longer than 30 cm decreased by 3 times. With the complete incorporation of plant residues into the soil, their non-chopped part did not exceed 1%.
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Savinykh, P. A., A. V. Aleshkin, S. Yu Bulatov, and R. A. Smirnov. "Substantiation of installation angle of inclined wall of charging hopper of a root chopper." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 9 (September 15, 2016): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66182.
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Tuberous roots obviously benefit in comparison with other feeds, due to the high level of specific volume energy, productivity and good digestibility. When they are mixed with other components, the palatability of finished mixtures for animals increases. The quantity of digestible nutrients in tuberous roots can reach up to 90%. To make the nutrients more fully digested by animals, the correct preparation for feeding is necessary, including chopping. One of the problems of roots cutting process is the increased exudation, which results in undue losses of vitamins. Therefore creation of choppers providing the required quality of finished product is a crucial task. The aim of the research is to determine the optimum angle of inclination of the wall of charging hopper depending on the size of tuberous roots and on the offset of horizontal knife of a chopper. Brief description of the developed chopper of tuberous roots is given, as well as the sources of information containing the detailed description of the installation and its operation principles. In the process of theoretical calculations, the scheme of all forces acting in the moment of tuber pinching between the wall of charging hopper and the horizontal knife is drawn; the chain of discourse and theoretical reasoning are shown in detail. As a result of calculations, the analytical dependences are obtained through which assigning the thickness of slices and sizes of chopped tubers, it is possible to calculate the desired inclination angle of wall of charging hopper. Under estimated values, the tuber does not roll over the cutting knife, and the deformation is minimal. Therefore the exudation decreases, and nutrients losses are minimal. On the basis of the derived dependence, the graphs and their analysis are given.
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Suhendra, Suhendra, Winda Apriani, and Irma Fahrizal. "Uji Performansi pada Mesin Pengurai Sabut Kelapa dengan Modifikasi Pisau Pengurai." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v6i2.1239.
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<p class="Default"><em>Coconut coir can be processed into cocopeat and coco fiber. In the chopping process, the chopping mechanism has a critical role that will determine the results of the chopping off of coconut coir. Based on these conditions, in this study, the development of a chopping mechanism was carried out by modifying the chopper blade to improve the chopper of coconut coir. The purpose of this study was to modify the coconut coir chopper blade, perform performance tests and calculate the increased performance after modification. Modification of the chopper mechanism on the coconut coir chopper machine is done by replacing the type of chopper blade with an iron rod with a diameter of 4 mm which is sharpened at the end. The test data includes data on the capacity of coconut coir chopping, the percentage of cocopeat, the percentage of coco fiber, the percentage of unprocessed coconut coir, the percentage of material loss, and the increase in performance after modification. The modified coconut coir chopper mechanism has specifications of 240 mm long, 100 mm diameter, 39 blades, and ± 14 mm high. The test was carried out at a rotary speed of the chopper mechanism of 720 rpm. Based on the test result, the capacity of chopping coconut coir using a modified coconut coir chopper machine is 7,93 kg/hour, producing 45,57% cocopeat, 36,15% coco fiber, 13,15% coconut coir unprocessed and the loss reached 5,13%. Modifications on the chopper blade are proven to increase the performance of the coconut coir chopper machine by 297%.</em></p>
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Yusiana, Venny. "Perancangan Boost Konverter Sebagai Penguat Umpan Balik Charger Control Baterai Pada Panel Surya." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 3, no. 2 (October 27, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v3i2.39.
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Pemanfaatan dari energi surya dapat menghasilkan energi listrik dengan menggunakan komponen panel surya. Komponen panel surya ini dapat merubah intensitas matahari menjadi energi listrik DC (Direct Current), besar energi listrik DC yang dihasilkan dari panel surya tergantung dari kuat intensitas matahari jika kaadaan intensitas matahari yang tidak konstan dapat menyebabkan kerja dari panel surya tidak efektif, untuk itu diperlukan sebuah rangkaian elektronik daya DC Chopper. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan DC Chopper yang digunakan adalah Boost Converter. DC Chopper tipe Boost Converter adalah DC chopper yang keluarannya dapat dinaikkan. DC Chopper ini akan diaplikasikan sebagai suplai daya DC yang dihasilkan panel surya sebagai charger baterai, dimana DC chopper ini digunakan sebagai penguat umpan balik (feedback) saat terjadi jatuh tegangan ketika intensitas cahaya matahari menurun.
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Zaatri, Abdelouahab, Norelhouda Azzizi, and Fouad Rahmani. "Minimization of energy losses into a PWM chopper." World Journal of Engineering 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.11.4.441.
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This paper initially presents the results of the analysis of a non linear on/off control system which is capable of generating a pulse width modulation (PWM). This technique can be used to design PWM choppers that can be dedicated to regulate fluctuating power supplies (photovoltaic, wind turbines, etc.). However, since the PWM losses mainly depend on the switching frequency, thus, the determination of an optimal frequency is required. Indeed, on the one hand, we seek to operate at high frequencies to reduce the residual noise by filtering. On the other hand, there is a limitation of the switching frequency due to the physical switching elements properties. Therefore, a compromise has to be made in order to determine an optimal switching frequency that minimizes the switching power losses. The main objective of this work is to present a technique that enables to sizing the chopper parameters based on the minimizing of the switching losses. An illustrative example of the proposed technique for sizing a PWM chopper is presented.
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Zaatri, Abdelouahab, Norelhouda Azzizi, and Fouad Rahmani. "Minimization of energy losses into a PWM Chopper." World Journal of Engineering 11, no. 5 (November 1, 2014): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.11.5.513.
Full textAbstract:
This paper initially presents the results of the analysis of a non linear on/off control system which is capable of generating a pulse width modulation (PWM). This technique can be used to design PWM choppers that can be dedicated to regulate fluctuating power supplies (photovoltaic, wind turbines, etc.). However, since the PWM losses mainly depend on the switching frequency, thus, the determination of an optimal frequency is required. Indeed, on the one hand, we seek to operate at high frequencies to reduce the residual noise by filtering. On the other hand, there is a limitation of the switching frequency due to the physical switching elements properties. Therefore, a compromise has to be made in order to determine an optimal switching frequency that minimizes the switching power losses. The main objective of this work is to present a technique that enables to sizing the chopper parameters based on the minimizing of the switching losses. An illustrative example of the proposed technique for sizing a PWM chopper is presented.
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Thomas, F., C. V. Nayar, and J. Perahia. "Pspice Simulation and Implementation of a Thyristor D.C. Chopper." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 29, no. 3 (July 1992): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099202900310.
Full textAbstract:
PSPICE simulation and implementation of a thyristor d.c. chopper Simulation and laboratory results are presented of an SCR forced commutation d.c. chopper. Chopper and model operation are discussed and compared.
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Salam, Deby Mipa, Andrian Fernandes, and Rizki Maharani. "Energi Listrik pada Industri Kecil Teh Celup Herbal Daun Urokep." Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material 6, no. 1 (December 19, 2021): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v6i1.905.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>Urokep leaf or Chinese Ketepeng (Senna alata) is one of the most commonly found medicinal plants and can be used as raw material for herbal tea bags. An essential process in making herbal tea on a household scale is the chopping of dried leaves into a powder that is ready to be put into teabags and pressing the teabags. The leaf shredder process can use a chopper and a blender, while the teabag pressing process uses an impulse sealer. This study aims to compare the energy needed by choppers and blenders in making urokep leaf teabag powder, as well as the use of impulse sealers with element lengths of 20 cm and 30 cm.</em> <em>The research was divided into two stages, i.e. chopping the dried leaves into the powder stage and pressing the teabags stage. The chopping dry leaf into the powder stage was counted by calculating the time for the chopper and blender to powder 1 kg of dry leaves. The pressing of the teabags was carried out by calculating the pressing time of 1000 teabags using an impulse sealer with 20 cm and 30 cm element length. The amount of electrical energy is used by multiplying the electric power by the time of each tool.The results showed that the electrical energy used by the chopper to shredder 1 kg of dry Urokep leaves was 0.10833 KwH, while the blender required more energy, which was 0.27833 KwH. The electrical energy to press 1000 teabags used by the impulse sealer 20 cm is lower at 0.310 KwH than the impulse sealer 30 cm 0.633 KwH. The combination of a chopper and impulse sealer 20 cm is highly recommended for household-scale industries. </em></p>