Journal articles on the topic 'Choosing global markets'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Choosing global markets.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Choosing global markets.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zif, Jehiel. "Choosing the Rate of Global Market Expansion by Entrepreneurial Firms." International Journal of Business Administration 11, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v11n4p13.
Full textAbstract:
This paper outlines a rational for assessing the rate of global market expansion by entrepreneurial firms. Many entrepreneurial firms are dependent for their success on global market expansion. This is especially true about firms from relatively small countries. One can conceive of two major and opposing strategies for market expansion: market diversification and market concentration. The first strategy implies a fast penetration into a large number of markets in order to achieve fast growth and a first mover advantage. The second strategy is based on concentration of resources in a few markets and gradual expansion into new territories in order to test the response before committing too much effort. The paper is updating prior work on market expansion, taking into account entrepreneurial firms in the digital age. Firms with digital products don’t have to depend on foreign distribution networks and they have new opportunities for fast entry into foreign markets. We propose a concise framework for determining the preferred rate of market expansion utilizing two key variables: the potential response function of customers and the complexity of the product. The paper include a discussion of ways to assess customers’ response to entrepreneurial innovation and additional factors that can influence the market expansion decision.
2
Goggin, Gerard. "Making the Australian Mobile in the 1990s: Creating Markets, Choosing Technologies." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900109.
Full textAbstract:
In thinking about convergent media and new digital technologies, the place of mobile services and technologies in the broader media policy field has not been addressed satisfactorily. This article reviews the beginnings of cellular mobiles in Australia to see what this piece of history can tell us about today's policy challenges. My case study revolves around the technology choices made by the federal government in the 1980s, especially the decision to essentially mandate the second-generation Global Standard for Mobiles (GSM) digital standard. I examine the structuring of the mobiles market with three initial licence-holders, and look at the implications of this as mobiles developed through the 1990s. The article offers a brief comparison with the New Zealand mobiles market, and also the promising yet ultimately ‘failed’ technology of the public-access cordless telephone. I conclude with some observations about how such critical examination of history can help to open up policy vistas about mobile media.
3
Abuselidze, George, Olga Mohylevska, Nina Merezhko, Nadiia Reznik, and Anna Slobodianyk. "Risks of Traders on the World Stock Market on the Example of Ukraine." SHS Web of Conferences 67 (2019): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196706001.
Full textAbstract:
The article reveals the essence and features of the development of the stock market in Ukraine. It was established that the vigorous activity of countries in the world financial markets means that they also face a risk of global financial turmoil (the so-called “domino effect”). It is determined that the impact of global financial instability on the country depends on the openness of its economy that will lead to significant external “shocks”. The possibility of providing effective influence on domestic stock market activity with taking into account the changing world situation, development of perfect trading strategies for each participant is substantiated. The conducted analysis of the world market conditions of stock markets in recent years has made it possible to assess the real risks for new participants in the stock market and become the basis for the development of an appropriate effective trading strategy. The practical significance of the results is that they allow for a measurable approach to assessing the existing risk when choosing one or another trading strategy to move to the world stock market.
4
Otenko, Iryna, and Nataliia Parkhomenko. "Strategies of Business Systems Development in Global Environment." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 66, no. 2 (2019): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2019-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Given the complexity and unpredictability of changes in the global environment, the choice and implementation of strategies for the development of business systems in international markets requires careful analysis and refinement. The paper clarified the concept of business system and developed a methodical approach to the analysis of business systems functioning conditions. The multiplicity of approaches to classification strategies requires the submission of a typology of strategies for the development of business systems. The theoretical justification for the study of the processes of organizational development of business systems is based on the provisions of the institutional approach, organizational development and strategic management. The result of the research is the procedure for choosing a company strategy in a global environment and organizational development strategy. To confirm the selected provisions, the results of the analysis of strategies for the organizational development of enterprises of the bearing industry are presented.
5
Arslan, Muhammad, Wajid Shakeel Ahmed, and Mansoor Akhter. "Volatility, Global Proxy Index, V-A-R: Empirical Study on Pakistan And China Stock Exchanges." International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems 1, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25008/ijadis.v1i2.183.
Full textAbstract:
This study postulates that propose global proxy index is a significant conduit to evaluate the shocks in volatile stock markets i.e. PSX and SSE, alike. The two separate models i.e. Log-GARCH (1, 1) and ARMA-GARCH (1, 1) have been used along with the value at risk (V-a-R) @ 5% criteria for choosing best-fitted model. The study results showed Log-GARCH (1, 1) model proves to the best. This study results are not driven by political-level risks and thus independent study can be conducted to evaluate the detrimental consequences on investment opportunities under volatile environments.
6
Wang, Ning, Weisheng Xu, Weihui Shao, and Zhiyu Xu. "A Q-Cube Framework of Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Continuous Double Auction among Microgrids." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 26, 2019): 2891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152891.
Full textAbstract:
Decision-making of microgrids in the condition of a dynamic uncertain bidding environment has always been a significant subject of interest in the context of energy markets. The emerging application of reinforcement learning algorithms in energy markets provides solutions to this problem. In this paper, we investigate the potential of applying a Q-learning algorithm into a continuous double auction mechanism. By choosing a global supply and demand relationship as states and considering both bidding price and quantity as actions, a new Q-learning architecture is proposed to better reflect personalized bidding preferences and response to real-time market conditions. The application of battery energy storage system performs an alternative form of demand response by exerting potential capacity. A Q-cube framework is designed to describe the Q-value distribution iteration. Results from a case study on 14 microgrids in Guizhou Province, China indicate that the proposed Q-cube framework is capable of making rational bidding decisions and raising the microgrids’ profits.
7
Lovreta, Stipe, Sinisa Milosevic, and Ljiljana Stankovic. "Competition policy and optimal retail network development in transitional economies." Ekonomski anali 58, no. 199 (2013): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1399057l.
Full textAbstract:
The choice of retail store location is a very complex process, with many different stakeholders having interests in both the micro and macro locations. The goal of this work is to contribute to the better understanding of the different interests of corporative and public policies in choosing retail store locations, in order to enable more efficient and effective trade network development. After having slowed down as a consequence of the global economic crisis, the retail sector is experiencing strong expansion in the markets of transitional countries. Insufficient engagement of public policy in planning trade networks can violate market competition. An active government role in carrying out the policy of retail network development in transitional countries is necessary to maintain the level of competition and prevent big market players abusing their dominant position.
8
S. D. Khaled, Amgad, Khaled (M.K) Ismail Alshaketheep, Mosab I. Tabash, Mohammad Azmi Khan, and Mohammad Ahmad Al-Omari. "Impact of COVID-19 on unorganized Indian retail markets." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(3).2021.08.
Full textAbstract:
As informal workers struggle to survive the current crisis, there is reason to believe that more strain would also be exerted on the already fragile sector in the post-crisis era. The implications of the COVID-19 outbreak for the informal economy will continue. Faced with a long crisis, the global economy would likely shrink demand for informal goods and services. The primary goal of this paper is to study consumer behavior during the pandemic, investigate government-implemented Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the unorganized retail sector, and determine if consumers prefer to have goods delivered to their homes rather than visit retail stores. This paper collected information from a number of Indian customers who made unorganized retail transactions in New Delhi and NCR Region. The sample was taken from 700 citizens of New Delhi, India. The study found that product variety, digital payment, scheduling, free delivery and lower speed have a significant effect on customer behavior. In addition, SOPs do not influence consumer behavior. The main reasons for choosing a specific channel are simple availability, security, less hassle, and compliance with all laws. The pandemic led to a renewed trust in the local Kirana shop, with new clients visiting metro and non-metro shops locally. The system in Kirana has changed from physical sales to digital aviation because of the pandemic.
9
Boroš, Martin, Filip Lenko, and Andrej Velas. "The impact of foreign markets globalization on the price and functionality of electronic access control systems." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 07009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219207009.
Full textAbstract:
Research background: The research, which is the subject of the paper, is based on the global expansion of the use of electronic access control systems using biometric data for user verification. Due to the globalization of products from foreign markets to Slovakia, there is a competition between suppliers. The disadvantage is that organizations that are considering procuring an electronic access control system focus their attention only on its price. Globalization and global use have neglected the skills gap between European, American, and Asian markets. Purpose of the article: The paper will aim to point out, through a case study, the financial and functional differences of electronic access control systems. In the case study, a comparison of three different systems with the possibility of procurement on the European, American, and Asian markets will be performed on the building - administrative building. Methods: The article will mainly use methods such as the global method and the optimization model of the financial plan. As well as a case study, the cooperation of achieved results and analysis of possibilities of foreign markets. Findings & Value added: The results achieved by the paper will be globally usable in the conditions of European countries. These will be the conclusions of a case study that will point to the appropriateness of choosing an electronic access control system using biometric features in a standard office building. We can also consider the creation of a project budget usable for organizations as one of the added values.
10
NEAL, LARRY. "How it all began: the monetary and financial architecture of Europe during the first global capital markets, 1648–1815." Financial History Review 7, no. 2 (October 2000): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565000000081.
Full textAbstract:
Larry Neal, How it all began: the monetary and financial architecture of Europe during the first global capital markets, 1648–1815The Treaty of Westphalia created the modern nation-state system of Europe and set the stage for the long-term success of financial capitalism. The new sovereign states experimented with competing monetary regimes during their wars over the next century and two-thirds while they extended and perfected the financial innovations in war finance developed during the Thirty Years War. The Dutch maintained fixed exchange rates, the French insisted on exercising monetary independence, while the English placed priority on free movement of international capital. In struggling with the trilemma of choosing among the goals of maintaining fixed exchange rates, monetary independence and free movement of capital, the governments of early modern Europe learned many valuable lessons. By the time of the Napoleonic wars, the innovations that emphasised reliance on financial markets rather than on financial institutions proved their superiority.
11
R. Chakravarty, Ranjan, and Sudhanshu Pani. "Are Asian exchanges outliers? A market quality criterion." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(2).2021.06.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides a practical, empirical and theoretical framework that allows investment managers to evaluate stock exchanges’ market quality when choosing among different plausible international trading venues. To compare trading exchanges, it extends the hypothesis of market microstructure invariance to trading across exchanges. A measure ω, the ratio of the market-wide volatility to microstructure invariance, is introduced. The paper computes ω for the exchanges around the world. Its value for the NSE (India) is 24.5%, the Korea Exchange (Korea) is 7.9%, the Shanghai Exchange (China) is 3.5%, and the Shenzhen Exchange (China) is 4.4%, which is significantly different from that of major exchanges in the USA (NYSE – 0.8%, NASDAQ – 1.3%) and Europe (LSE (UK) – 0.4). This country risk dimension clearly identifies which equity exchanges cannot hold their own direct correlational hedges and therefore mandatorily require derivative positions, and has significant implications for the decision making of global long-short equity asset allocators in the Asian listed equity markets.
12
Tarullo, Daniel K. "Norms and Institutions in Global Competition Policy." American Journal of International Law 94, no. 3 (July 2000): 478–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555320.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last several years, a chorus of voices have called for international action in the area of competition policy. A good deal of dissonance, however, can be discerned among these voices. Most who have joined in share at least a stated commitment to promoting competition principles, as embodied in the antitrust laws of many countries. Yet their policy prescriptions differ dramatically, as evidenced by the divergent views of the United States and Europe. The European Commission proposes that the member states of the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiate a binding competition code. The United States has rejected this idea and counterproposes increased bilateral cooperation between national competition authorities and continued study of the issue. Of course, national differences may arise as much from negotiating tactics as from disagreement on the analytics of which kind of arrangements are most likely to advance competition principles; but for those interested in law and policy, these analytics should be central to choosing among varying proposals. Since competition policy was one of the many issues left unresolved by the failed Seattle ministerial meeting of the WTO in late 1999, and will surely be revisited, how and why certain institutional configurations advance or retard agreed policy aims are questions ripe for attention. The answers will help define the possibilities for competition policy in an era of globalizing markets and contribute to a broader debate over the limits of trade policy in reconciling national economic policies.
13
Lee, Chia-Ju, Tuan-Nam Lai, Chang-Chou Chiang, and Hai-Chin Yu. "Dynamic conditional correlation and volatility distributions in Tokyo, London, and New York gold markets." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 4 (December 4, 2019): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(4).2019.13.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the volatility and co-movement of gold prices across Tokyo, London, and New York gold markets. Using a dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model, the authors estimate the cross-correlation and volatility of gold in each pair among three markets over the period from 1993 to 2012. Both the time-varying correlations and realized distributions are explored. After estimating the DCC as well as the corresponding distributions of the DCC among the three markets, the results suggest that: (i) the DCC probability distribution of London and New York shows a higher volatility associated with a higher DCC value; (ii) the DCC probability distribution between London and New York as well as between Tokyo and London both express the similar and overlapping pattern, implying that these markets are almost equal, and neither dominates; and (iii) New York exhibits a spillover effect of Tokyo’s variance, while the latter does not influence New York’s variance. The shapes of the distributions show that the distribution of high DCC is wider than that of low DCC, meaning that risk increases with the dynamic correlation. The implications of these gold DCC probability distributions encourage investors to diversify their global portfolios and manage latent risks in different gold markets effectively. Besides, the volatility-threshold DCC model suggests that the correlations are more sensitive to extreme volatility thresholds in London and New York markets, whereas the correlation is significantly affected by all levels of volatility at 50%, 75%, 90%, and 95% thresholds in Tokyo and London markets. Investors may not be able to diversify portfolio risk by choosing London and New York at the same time once gold becomes volatile as a high correlation is observed in the extreme thresholds.
14
LINDGREN, KRISTIAN, EMMA JONSON, and LIV LUNDBERG. "PROJECTION OF A HETEROGENOUS AGENT-BASED PRODUCTION ECONOMY MODEL TO A CLOSED DYNAMICS OF AGGREGATE VARIABLES." Advances in Complex Systems 18, no. 05n06 (August 2015): 1550012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525915500125.
Full textAbstract:
A model framework that describes a simple production economy is presented, in which the micro-dynamics can be projected to a closed dynamics of aggregate variables. The construction is based on an agent-based model with heterogeneity both regarding production characteristics and the strategies agents use to predict future prices as a basis for choosing what to produce. The world is divided into a number of regional markets that collect the locally produced goods and via inter-market trade supply regional demands with goods. We discuss the model features that make it possible to project the agent-based micro-dynamics to a closed form dynamics on the level of regionally aggregate quantities. One advantage of such a projection from a high dimensional agent-based dynamics to a low dimensional dynamical system is that the stability characteristics can be analytically approached, and this is illustrated by a derived condition for when a mix of naive and rational agents can stabilize the system. Some illustrations of the general framework in a model of global agricultural land-use are also given.
15
Purwantini, Tri Bastuti, and NFN Sunarsih. "Pertanian Organik: Konsep, Kinerja, Prospek, dan Kendala." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 37, no. 2 (December 6, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v37n2.2019.127-142.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Organic agriculture grows rapidly both at national and global levels triggered by consumers’’ awareness of the dangers of synthetic chemicals in agriculture. Consumers are increasingly wise in choosing healthy, environmentally friendly food. The paper aims to describe the concept of organic agriculture and from international and national views, followed by an explanation of the development of organic agriculture in Indonesia. Discussion on the concept and development of organic agriculture in Indonesia covers the performance of organic agriculture development, programs, area, producers and markets. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia has considerable potential to compete in international markets of organic agriculture products albeit gradually. Institutions such as those of conventional agriculture, i.e. farmers’ groups, cooperatives, associations or corporations, are still very relevant to boost organic agriculture development. Organic agricultural products in the transition period are still pioneering the market. The community is the closest market accessible. Organic farming education should involve producers and consumers.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Pertanian organik tumbuh pesat di tingkat nasional maupun global. Hal ini seiring peningkatan kesadaran konsumen terhadap bahaya bahan kimia sintetis dalam produk pertanian. Konsumen makin bijak dalam memilih bahan pangan yang aman bagi kesehatan dan ramah lingkungan. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan konsep pertanian organik menurut pandangan internasional maupun nasional, dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan perkembangan pertanian organik di Indonesia. Pembahasan tentang konsep dan perkembangan pertanian organik di Indonesia mencakup kinerja perkembangan pertanian organik, program, luas areal, produsen, dan pasar produk organik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk bersaing di pasar internasional walaupun secara bertahap. Secara kelembagaan pengembangan pertanian organik di Indonesia hampir sama dengan pertanian konvensional, seperti kelompok tani, koperasi, asosiasi, atau korporasi masih sangat relevan untuk digunakan sebagai pengembangan pertanian organik. Produk pertanian organik pada masa transisi masih merintis pasar dan biasanya komunitas menjadi pasar terdekat yang bisa dijangkau. Edukasi tentang pertanian organik perlu dilakukan pada kedua sisi, produsen dan konsumen.</p>
16
Bauer, Nico, David Klein, Florian Humpenöder, Elmar Kriegler, Gunnar Luderer, Alexander Popp, and Jessica Strefler. "Bio-energy and CO2 emission reductions: an integrated land-use and energy sector perspective." Climatic Change 163, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 1675–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02895-z.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBiomass feedstocks can be used to substitute fossil fuels and effectively remove carbon from the atmosphere to offset residual CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other sectors. Both features make biomass valuable for climate change mitigation; therefore, CO2 emission mitigation leads to complex and dynamic interactions between the energy and the land-use sector via emission pricing policies and bioenergy markets. Projected bioenergy deployment depends on climate target stringency as well as assumptions about context variables such as technology development, energy and land markets as well as policies. This study investigates the intra- and intersectorial effects on physical quantities and prices by coupling models of the energy (REMIND) and land-use sector (MAgPIE) using an iterative soft-link approach. The model framework is used to investigate variations of a broad set of context variables, including the harmonized variations on bioenergy technologies of the 33rd model comparison study of the Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF-33) on climate change mitigation and large scale bioenergy deployment. Results indicate that CO2 emission mitigation triggers strong decline of fossil fuel use and rapid growth of bioenergy deployment around midcentury (~ 150 EJ/year) reaching saturation towards end-of-century. Varying context variables leads to diverse changes on mid-century bioenergy markets and carbon pricing. For example, reducing the ability to exploit the carbon value of bioenergy increases bioenergy use to substitute fossil fuels, whereas limitations on bioenergy supply shift bioenergy use to conversion alternatives featuring higher carbon capture rates. Radical variations, like fully excluding all technologies that combine bioenergy use with carbon removal, lead to substantial intersectorial effects by increasing bioenergy demand and increased economic pressure on both sectors. More gradual variations like selective exclusion of advanced bioliquid technologies in the energy sector or changes in diets mostly lead to substantial intrasectorial reallocation effects. The results deepen our understanding of the land-energy nexus, and we discuss the importance of carefully choosing variations in sensitivity analyses to provide a balanced assessment.
17
Qiu, Judy, Hormoz Movassaghi, and Alka Bramhandkar. "Socially conscious investing: do good deeds get punished?" Social Responsibility Journal 14, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-03-2017-0058.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to examine the performance of select “socially conscious” (SC) mutual funds and a control group of conventional funds during recent bullish and bearish financial markets. It aims at exploring the interface of these funds’ historical returns and selectivity of their investment screening. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ data come from Morningstar Direct and focuses on “equity” funds/class A shares only. The authors controlled for age, expense ratio, size and management turnover in comparing SC and mutual funds’ returns. Findings SC funds underperformed conventional funds in both expansionary and recessionary periods and in short and long term. Paradoxically, SC funds’ return generally improved with the number of social screens adopted. The gap in returns between SC, conventional funds and indices of market return narrowed as investment horizon became longer and also during boom market conditions, suggesting that doing good need not come at the expense of doing well. Research limitations/implications The authors’ study focused on class A shares only. Practical implications In choosing SC funds, investors need to focus on expense ratio and management turnover which seem to influence returns more. Neither age nor size of SC funds seem to have affected returns in systematic and statistically significant way. Originality/value This paper provides the most recent scorecard of SC funds’ performance, compared to similar conventional funds and market return, since the 2007 global financial crisis.
18
Araújo Vila, Noelia, Jose Antonio Fraiz Brea, and Arthur Filipe de Araújo. "Health and Sport. Economic and Social Impact of Active Tourism." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 10, no. 1 (September 5, 2019): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10010007.
Full textAbstract:
Concerns with health and wellness are currently a global trend. Consequently, people have increasingly been engaging in some form of regular sports practice in their adult lives. This is evidenced by the rise of markets that are related to the sports sector. One of those market trends is active tourism, which refers to the practice of physical activities in natural environments within a tourist destination. In this context, people travel to certain places, typically with friends or as couples, to engage in sports activities of greater or lesser intensities. This allows for them to disconnect with their daily routines and provides them all of the positive health-related outcomes that are associated with exercising. Therefore, health tourism is also an efficient tool against sedentariness. The present study explores which sports are currently the most popular amongst active tourists, which attributes they value the most when choosing a destination, and what is their expenditure pattern. To this end, a sample of 60 individuals who have engaged in some form of active tourism in Galicia is surveyed. The findings suggest that active tourists are particularly interested in dedicating their discretionary time to travelling and they have a higher daily expenditure within the destination than the average tourist.
19
Cavusgil, S. Tamer. "Executive Insights: International Partnering—A Systematic Framework for Collaborating with Foreign Business Partners." Journal of International Marketing 6, no. 1 (March 1998): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9800600109.
Full textAbstract:
One consequence of market globalization has been the growing incidence of collaborative ventures among companies from different countries. Small and large, experienced and novice, companies increasingly are choosing partnerships as a way to compete in the global marketplace. Motives for international collaborative ventures are varied and complex, including a desire to leverage resources and assets, retain flexibility, reduce risks, gain speed, and capitalize on each partner's strengths. The systematic framework presented here can be used by managers as a practical, ten-step approach to establishing successful collaborative ventures. The article also discusses four major types of international business partnership—distributor agreements, licensing, franchising, and joint ventures, and highlights key success factors for each. A major player in express package delivery, United Parcel Service (UPS) has been actively globalizing its operations for more than 20 years. The company first entered Canada and Germany and then other markets without a strategic plan or much commitment. The approach was simply enter markets one by one, set up operations, and wait for the market to develop. When available, UPS acquired an existing delivery company in order to get established more quickly. In exploring entry into Japan, UPS encountered a significant challenge. While UPS is competent in distribution and logistic networking, it knew little about the Japanese market and quickly realized that it needed a partner with customs clearance expertise. In a market well known for nontariff trade barriers, UPS also required assistance in deciphering the complex legal, structural, and political environment. A local partner would provide specific market expertise and help UPS overcome entry barriers. Furthermore, with a legacy of losing money in overseas operations, UPS did not wish to risk much capital in Japan. For these reasons, partnering with a qualified Japanese company made most sense. Yamato of Japan emerged as a prospective partner. It was experienced, had access to distribution channels, and was well capitalized. Interestingly, when UPS began negotiations, it inquired whether Yamato would be interested in a purchase. Yamato management asked the selling price of UPS—not exactly what UPS had in mind! As it turned out, there was a good fit and sufficient rationale for the two companies to establish a strategic alliance. UPS realized that a partnership with Yamato could not be a one-way street and arranged to bring packages back to the United States for delivery from Yamato. This opened up the market in both directions for each company. Teams of employees were exchanged to learn about organization and business processes, which provided valuable experience in making each company a truly global player.
20
P. Dzyuba, Anatoly, and Irina A. Solovyeva. "Demand-side management mechanisms in industry." Journal of New Economy 21, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2020-21-3-9.
Full textAbstract:
Intensive development of technologies that increase energy efficiency makes the global and the Russian industry consider the introduction of demand-side management mechanisms. Though demand-side management technologies in Russia are at the early stages of introduc tion, existing mechanisms of electricity and natural gas supply allow consumers to reduce their costs and result in equalization of the demand for energy across the entire energy system. The research objective is to explore the energy tariffs in the wholesale and retail markets and mecha nisms for supplying natural gas by regional contractors as well as using the commodity exchange. The authors design mechanisms for industrial consumers to choose the most efficient options to pay for energy resources using the criterion of demand-side management. The research method ology includes the theory of industrial markets and a problem-oriented approach. The authors apply analysis, synthesis, system analysis, statistical methods. Yielded results of the research into programmes on demand-side management administered in different countries enable the authors to prove that the most efficient direction for demand-side management development in Russia is economic norm setting. Within this direction the authors develop algorithms and decision-making matrices for choosing the most efficient tariff option to buy electricity and natural gas by industrial consumers. The researchers evidence the possibility of implement ing demand-side management on energy markets of Russia and provide methodological and organisational support. The findings can be helpful for industrial enterprises and government agencies developing and running their energy efficiency improvement programs.
21
Klemenčič, Beno, Gabrijel Devetak, and Darko Števančec. "Intercultural Differences in the Purchase and Information Behaviour of Young Consumers." Organizacija 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-012-0002-8.
Full textAbstract:
Intercultural Differences in the Purchase and Information Behaviour of Young ConsumersPressures in the contemporary marketing environment are getting bigger and companies and marketers are required to know consumers and their purchase and information behaviour. In this article we studied the behaviour of consumers and the factors of purchase and information behaviour of young consumers when choosing clothes. We found out about the meaning of individual clothing characteristics having impact on the purchase decision making (price, trademark, fitting of clothing, design, quality, etc.). Consumers receive and look for information at different sources (radio commercials, TV commercials and shows, fashion magazines, catalogue sales, social networks, friends and acquaintances, etc.). With the empiric research we wanted to find out to what measure individual sources influence the purchase decision of an individual. We studied young people aged from 15 to 24 in the countries of the EU (Slovenia, Austria and Germany) and the United States of America. We especially focused on characteristic differences. Knowing intercultural differences is important for global companies of the clothing industry for forming their marketing strategies. On the sample of 440 young people who took part in the survey we found out that intercultural differences exist regarding the influence of individual information sources and regarding the factors of purchase decision making. Considering the stated we propose companies operating in global markets on both continents to prepare differentiated marketing strategies.
22
KOVALCHUK, Oleksandra, Kseniia KOVTUNENKO, and Olena STANISLAVYK. "The concept of "strategy" in the context of strategic management of enterprise development in the conditions of intellectualization of the economy." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.6.4.
Full textAbstract:
At the present stage of development of the Ukrainian economic system, the concept of "strategy" and its appropriate application by modern enterprises is becoming increasingly important. As a country of the former Soviet Union, Ukraine is undergoing a complex process of transformation, complicated by the decline of small and medium-sized businesses in global pandemic, military events in the east, inflation, and significant wear and tear of equipment and technology. Given all these factors, it is reasonable to assume that competitiveness in both foreign and domestic markets is declining. Increasingly, modern enterprises face the problem of identifying and choosing a strategy, because every company usually has a mission and goal, but unfortunately, not every manager understands that strategy plays an important role in implementing the plan, especially when it comes to enterprise development. That is why, in the context of the intellectualization of the economy, it is necessary to focus on strategic management of modern enterprises and try to develop innovative areas of economic activity. This study aims to generalize various interpretations of the term "strategy" with the subsequent proposal of its own interpretation in the context of strategic management of enterprise development. In the course of the research the significance of strategic development management for modern Ukrainian enterprises was considered and the own interpretation of the concept of "strategy" was offered. The results of the study are of practical significance for the production enterprise LLC "Odetex", as the strategy proposed in the article will create a kind of "foundation" for the implementation of the company's goals, further development and acquisition of new markets. Thus, in the context of the intellectualization of the economy, strategy and strategic management of the development of modern Ukrainian enterprises are an integral part of effective functioning in both domestic and foreign markets.
23
Majerova, Jana, and Lukas Vartiak. "Before Corona and After Corona as New Global Milestones in The Theory and Practice of Consumer Behaviour: Evidence from Vending Industry." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 06021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219206021.
Full textAbstract:
Research background:In the light and shadow of contemporary global situation, Corona pandemic crisis can be established as new milestone in economic and managerial theory and practice. It has flew over national markets as black swan and it has totally destroyed so far formulated models and patterns. No one industry has stayed untouched.Purpose of the article:The aim of this paper is to identify changes in consumer behaviour caused by Corona pandemic crisis in relevant industry of national economy.Methods:The aim of this paper will be fulfilled by applying comparative analysis on the case study of vending industry provided on chronological basis. The reason for choosing this industry lies in the specifics of this industry – i.e. elimination of personal contact and nonstop functioning not only in closed but also in open air places. Thus, it can be expected that the impact of Corona pandemic crisis characterized by lockdown, social distancing and strict hygienic steps would be minimal in this case.Findings & Value added:It has been already stated that Corona pandemic crisis has a potential to modify so far formulated theoretical approaches to consumer behaviour. By providing own research, this fact has been proven. Based on these findings, it is possible to identify future trends in purchasing behaviour not only in case of chosen industry but also generally. These are mainly connected with the shift in perception of consumption and savings, the preference of cash less payment and the change in philosophy of personal alimentation.
24
Ghosh, Debasmita, and Dipen Paul. "A Study on the Influence of RSPO and RTRS in Indian Market." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 5324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2564.
Full textAbstract:
This paper strives to study the presence and impact of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS) in India today. The reason for choosing these two roundtables is - India is one of the significant producers of soy oil and is one of the largest markets for palm oil globally. With the roundtables being established keeping in mind the case of sustainability for the procurement and usage of soy oil and palm oil, and India playing a major role in both, it becomes extremely important to study how sustainable the Indian market is in terms of product manufacturing and usage involving soy oil and palm oil. The previous papers have done an extensive study on RSPO in India, the global presence, and the impact of RTRS. They have a lot of quantitative and qualitative data regarding the presence of RTRS and RSPO. However, a gap exists, as RSPO and RTRS have not been analyzed together in the Indian context. Thus, this gap shall be addressed in this paper- we attempt to analyze the latest RTRS and RSPO in India by referencing previous papers and looking up the public domain for recent information specific to RSPO and RTRS in India. This paper is a literature review of previous papers on RSPO in Indian reference and RTRS and adds updated information. A comparative analysis of the presence of RSPO and RTRS in India is also added. Both RSPO and RTRS have a lot to increase their influence in the Indian market- especially RTRS. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing the influence and opens further discussion on implementing the recommendations and alternative recommendations, if any, in the future.
25
Bayramov, Shahin, Iurii Prokazov, Sergey Kondrashev, and Jan Kowalik. "Household Electricity Generation as a Way of Energy Independence of States—Social Context of Energy Management." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123407.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of influence of alternative options for generating electricity by households on the level of energy independence of countries. The research methodology was based on the use of correlation–regression analysis, as well as adapted non-linear optimization by choosing one of three scenarios for electricity generation by households for 20 countries. Regression analysis showed the dependence of a country’s energy security on households’ energy independence. It is determined that an increase in households’ energy production helps to reduce the level of energy dependence in developed countries. However, for developing countries, there is no such interrelation. The solution of the formulated problem of nonlinear optimization for the studied countries has demonstrated that the criterion of energy dependence is superior to the criterion of a country’s energy security. In the long term, this study can be deepened in the direction of assessing the effectiveness of household investment in electricity generation projects. The proposed results can be used by responsible persons in the field of economy and energy in order to determine the position of various policies, and use strategic levers and indicators that ensure an effective response to energy security challenges in the regional and global markets.
26
Shevchenko, Anna, and Olena Borysenko. "MARKETING APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ENTERPRISE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALISATION." Journal of International Legal Communication 1 (June 29, 2021): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32612/uw.27201643.2021.1.pp.186-196.
Full textAbstract:
In the context of global consumer and financial market formation, international economic institutions, taking into account special aspects of the present stage in economic development in Ukraine, it becomes necessary to focus enterprises on their own goods competitiveness not only in the domestic, but, moreover, at the foreign markets. In order to achieve objectives in view the enterprise should make maximum use of its internal resources, explore the market environment, predict its development and demands, using all tools of the strategic marketing. Special attention should be paid to the development of marketing strategies since they determine the enterprise course of action and they are aimed at achieving stated targets. Marketing strategy formation is one the most important and essential marketing stages at the enterprise. Marketing strategy is one of the main long-term plans of the enterprise marketing activity, aimed at choosing target consumer segments. It combines elements of marketing complex, basing on which the enterprise creates its effective marketing events targeted to the marketing goals achieving. Successfully chosen and effectively implemented strategy provides enterprise the opportunity to gain competitive advantage not only in the domestic market, but additionally meet demands of international consumers. Based on research of the issue the article highlights the main features of the management system in the strategic development of marketing strategy at the enterprise. The article substantiates the necessity of using marketing approach to the management of enterprises and the finding the new ways in the formation of appropriate organisational structures. Marketing approach to the management of enterprise characterises it as a complex system that allows to link the capabilities of this economic entity with the needs of the market and gain advantages over competitors. It was defined the main factors influencing the organisation of marketing activities of enterprises (external and internal) and factors influencing the behaviour of their end users (social, informational and consumer attitudes).
27
Brzeziński, Mariusz, and Dariusz Pyza. "CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION FROM DIESEL ENGINE VEHICLES IN INTERMODAL TRANSPORT." Transport 36, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.15484.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, many logistics operators operate in both domestic and foreign markets using various forms of transport organization. Choosing a corresponding technology and appropriate form of transport has an influence not only delivery time and costs, but also has an impact on the environment as a whole. There is a plethora of public research available in global literature discussing various ways of exploiting transport. On the other hand, there is a lack of complex studies detailing carbon emissions coming from transport activity. Specifically, where a theory of organic fuel combustion in the form of a chemical reaction with oxygen is considered. To fill this gap, we offer an innovative Emission Model of Industrial Sources (EMIS) method. This method makes it possible to determine the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere during various transport methods. It also enables us to estimate, in terms of CO2 output, a threshold where transport of containers via combined mode becomes more favourable for the environment, than road transport. We ran a simulation of our algorithm to create boundary conditions. This let us prepare a regression function of CO2 emission, for intermodal and road transport as a function of various transport distances. The simulation results suggest that our approach may be used by supervisory institutions, which are responsible further developing and utilizing combined transport.
28
Zhang, Fuhong, Apurbo Sarkar, and Hongyu Wang. "Does Internet and Information Technology Help Farmers to Maximize Profit: A Cross-Sectional Study of Apple Farmers in Shandong, China." Land 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040390.
Full textAbstract:
The adoption of Internet and Information Technology (IIT) in organizations has been growing at a staggering pace. In agriculture, IIT has emerged from the prospects of modern agricultural structure, which profoundly bring revolution in the way of agribusiness. While the impacts of IIT for selecting productive sales and marketing channels is evidenced by the substantial literature in the field, there is a crucial research scope of inclusive analytical views, especially in an economics context. The prime objective of the article is to assess the impacts of IIT for choosing a productive sales and marketing channel. Moreover, we tend to find whether the usage of IIT can eventually foster the profitability of the farmers. The empirical set of data is collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Shandong province, China. We utilize the Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) regression, propensity score matching (PSM), and Heckman’s two-stage regression approaches to craft the findings. The greater extent of the use of IIT, the more significant and positive the impact of agricultural income is. After using the Heckman regression and PSM model, IIT’s use significantly increases the efficiency for selecting the sales channel, and the impact on agricultural income is also prominent (around 40%). We also find that the supporting and nonagricultural income exceeded 30%. Finally, the outcomes of the study reveal significant positive impacts for selecting productive sales and marketing channels. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that the government and relevant departments should strengthen the construction of agricultural information platforms and websites. Authorities should also extend the training facilities of fruit farmers regarding the use of IIT, which could be useful to boost the capability of fruit farmers to develop markets and promote the value chain.
29
Pirtskhalava, Nana, and Aleksandr Karpov. "INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FOREST INDUSTRY." Forestry Engineering Journal 9, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2019.4/18.
Full textAbstract:
Russia is the richest country with forest resources. It accounts for 22 % of the world's forest cover and half of the world's coniferous wood reserves. According to forecasts, the demand for commercial wood will increase by about 150 million cubic meters by 2030. There is only one real source – Russia's reserves. Reserves today amount to more than 83 billion cubic meters. For enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region, the main markets for woodworking products are China, the USA, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Egypt. Based on this, the study has formed a logistic export system for three transportation options. In addition, studies have been carried out on the basis of UNCTAD, EUROSTAT and FAO materials, as well as SEARATES technical and economic data. When choosing a logistics system option, an integrated economic assessment of costs by components has been used: material flow, information flow, and logistics intermediaries. The study has examined six potential routes for delivering timber between ports in East Asia (Shanghai) and Europe (Rotterdam). Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn. The study has addressed the issue of transportation along the Northern Sea Route (HIAR). Transportation along this route is possible only in the event of global warming and accelerated retreat of the Arctic sea ice. The economic strength for distance savings from Asia to Europe makes the northern route a likely driver of change in transportation networks
30
Mahmoud Edris, Mahmoud Mohamed Ali. "The Negative Effects of The Corona 19 Pandemic on Islamic Economics and Current Livinghood: A Case Study of Maqasid Sharia." Al-Rashad Journal of Islamic Finance 1, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/ajif.1.2.21b.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to shed light on the negative repercussions resulting from the Corona 19 pandemic, and its impact on the Islamic economy and the global living reality that has been affected by the terrible spread of this epidemic in the world, and the panic and fear it has caused to all people through the news seen and read in media channels and websites Social contact causing irreversible psychological damage. The study problem will address unemployment as an aggravating negative phenomenon facing the world. Many lost their jobs, and governments and private institutions were unable to compensate them. In order to get out of the crisis, the study indicated that people do the humanitarian work that must be done legally, which is standing next to other needy people with cooperation and cooperation, whether at the level of individuals or institutions. For the clarity of the method, this research will be conducted through the descriptive and analytical method, which will show whether the Corona epidemic is a disease caused by a viral infection or an economic game among adults. Finally, the most important results are sought from the reasons for choosing the topic. To arrange the paper, the researcher will deal with it through two axes: The first axis: deals with the negative repercussions of Corona and its impact on the Islamic economy and financial markets. The second axis: It deals with the psychological aspects of Corona and its role in society and the complexity of their living conditions, studying the purposes of the Sharia.
31
Su, Zhan, and Jianmin Tang. "Product innovation, cost-cutting and firm economic performance in the post-crisis context: Canadian micro evidence." Journal of Centrum Cathedra 9, no. 1 (September 2, 2016): 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcc-08-2016-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose It has been suggested that to be successful in the current global economy with increased competition and ever changing markets, especially in the post-crisis context, firms need to focus more on innovation in exploring new ideas and designing new products to develop new markets than on cost-cutting strategies to maintain cost leadership in old markets. However, because of the lack of micro data, this conjecture has not been systematically evaluated. This paper aims to fill this important void by studying the economic performance associated with these two different business strategies using Canadian micro data. Design/methodology/approach The main data for our analysis are from the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy (2009 and 2012) which is a sample-based survey of Canadian government. The authors used in this research regression models for the econometric analysis of the underlying factors for undertaking certain business strategies and how business strategies link to economic performance. They also used propensity score matching to ensure the group of firms with innovation strategy being comparable to that with cost-cutting. Findings The research shows that firms focusing on product innovation are indeed more productive than firms focusing on cost-cutting, although there is no evidence that these two different strategies make a difference in profitability. The first indication from the research has been that certain characteristics of Canadian firms are very useful predictors for firms to undertake product innovation. They are, among other things, the age of the firms, the single-establishment structure of the business and being multinationals. Research limitations/implications This empirical research opens up many interesting avenues for future research. Some other variables could be integrated into the models to increase the rate of explained variance. Moreover, because this research is based only on the case of Canadian firms and for a relatively short period of four years after the 2008 crisis, an extension to other context and to a longer period of time should be interesting. Practical implications The research has confirmed that Canadian firms adopting long-term business strategies based on product innovation are more productive. Social implications The results truly concur with the vision of the Government of Canada, like some other developed countries, on the importance of innovation and its policies in encouraging business innovation in driving the growth of the Canadian economy and improving the standard of living of country. Originality/value Mainly because of the lack of micro data, the existing researches have not provided solid evidence on why firms are choosing different business strategies when they are operating in the same business conditions and how the financial crisis has affected the undertaking of business strategies. They have not established a clear linkage between economic performance and different business strategies, although there has been some anecdotal evidence about their association. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gaps with theoretical and practical contributions.
32
Dukoska, Katerina. "MARKETING ACCESS FOR THE GLOBAL MARKET." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001209d.
Full textAbstract:
The company in the global economy is persisting in the production of goods that people want and are able to buy. Accordingly, it is essential to determine the market consumption to gain insight into the company's continued existence and resilience in the event that there is no potential threat to liquidation. Many companies today focus their focus on consumers (or towards the market). This implies that companies focus their activities and products on customer requirements. In general, there are three ways to do this: an approach to consumers, an approach to recognizing market changes and an approach to product innovation. In the approach to consumers, the wishes of the buyer are the drivers of all strategic marketing decisions. No strategy has been put into use until it passes the consumer research test. Every aspect of market supply, including the nature of the product itself, is driven by the needs of potential consumers. In this type of business, the firm's marketing department is often seen as a prime importance for the level of the organization's performance. The information from the marketing department of the organization will be used to guide the actions of other departments in the company. As an example, we can assume that the marketing department through marketing research can establish that consumers want a new kind of product or a new use of the already known product. Based on this knowledge, the marketing department will inform the research and development department on the basis of new wishes of consumers to create a prototype product / service. Then, the production department will start to produce the product, while the marketing department will focus on promotion, distribution, price and the like of the product. The company's financing section will additionally be consulted, taking into account the costs of financing the development, production and promotion of the product. Conflicts between departments can occur if the firm joins only the marketing orientation. Production may oppose the introduction, maintenance and provision of investments that may be needed to promote a new product. It is crucial to say that a company that plays on the global market must have a strategy that can be used to gain a competitive advantage. Every company needs to have a strategy for appearance on the global market in order to gain the opportunity to progress. It is crucial to create the conditions for advancing the company by choosing the right marketing strategy. This is necessary for the following reasons: - Direct the work of the company - Give an insight into the necessary expenses - Allows the company to gain a competitive advantage
33
Konyrbekov, M. Zh, I. Ketebayev, A. B. Imashev, and G. I. Abayeva. "Global experience of applying marketing strategies." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 2 (June 13, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-2-64-72.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the world experience in the formation and development of a marketing strategy. The strategy is designed to ensure the most complete and efficient use of both the internal resources of the company and the possibilities of the external marketing environment. At the same time, any successful strategy is based on continuous monitoring of the market in order to promptly respond to changing conditions. Thus, in order to maintain and increase the company's share in the market, it is important not only to have a competent marketing strategy, but also to diversify it immediately when economic conditions change. The main criterion for choosing strategies for the enterprise is the use of internal capabilities, depending on the emerging external conditions. The most important role in solving the strategic tasks of the organization is played by strategic planning, which refers to the process of developing and maintaining a strategic balance between the goals and capabilities of the organization in a changing market environment. The purpose of strategic planning is to determine the most promising areas of the organization's activities that provide the highest income at the lowest cost. “Strategic planning is an integral part of the broader concept of “strategic management”. In management, four of its generalized functions are usually distinguished – planning, organization, motivation and control”.
34
Cooke, Fadzilah Majid. "Introduction to the Symposium on Localising and Globalising Patterns in Natural Resource Use in Southeast Asia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34, no. 2 (June 2003): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463403000237.
Full textAbstract:
Focusing on land, forests and coastal resources of Southeast Asia, this collection of articles explores an emerging interest in exploring local development and change in national, regional (Asia Pacific) and global terms. Specifically, the authors are interested in steering clear of viewing ‘global’ forces (of market production and environmentalism) as the privileged sites of action with the ‘local’ relegated to a ‘mediating’ role vis–à–vis these larger influences. On the contrary, the articles suggest that local groups actively engage in reshaping discourses and practices of the global (Majid Cooke, Tomforde). Local groups grow crops, often changing from subsistence to cash-producing ones or from one cash crop to another for a complexity of reasons – often not of their own choosing – which reflect local, regional, national and global power differentials (Majid Cooke, McKay, Sato).
35
Asif, Equbal, and Rajkumar Ohdar. "Supply Chain Performance Measurement: A Review and Reflection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 1208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.1208.
Full textAbstract:
In present global market place, to meet ever-changing customer needs timely and accurate assessment of overall supply chain and its individual component performance is of paramount importance but the process of choosing appropriate supply chain performance measures is difficult due to the complexity of these systems. This paper presents an overview of the performance measures used in supply chain models and also presents a basic to understand the selection of performance measurement systems for supply chains. A number of performance measures are identified as necessary components in any supply chain performance measurement system.
36
PRODIUS, Yuliia, Kseniia KOVTUNENKO, and Kateryna BONDARENKO. "Globalization processes and their influence on the international business development." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 12/4 (December 29, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.12(4).4.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the paper is to consider aspects of the globalization process that are important factors of global development, to assess the current state of the world, which is defined by scientists as critical. Globalization is a new phenomenon in the expansion of international trade that emerged in the late twentieth century. This was due to the opening of many industrial companies. In other words, «globalization» is a word that can be defined in different ways, depending on its field of application, whether it is a personal company, business national or global in general. World trade has a significant difference compared to the market in one country. Among the keys to a company`s success are things that local companies don`t have to think about. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study the peculiarities of conducting and managing international trade carefully. The growing importance of transnational corporations as actors in the global economy, the transformation of their strategic motivations and practical actions are becoming increasingly global and putting pressure on the interests of virtually all countries and regions, leading to new approaches to theoretical research and practical regulation of TNCs. The development and operation of TNCs is carried out through multiple integration of the international market. As the market expands, companies often face the dilemma of choosing from all possible sources in the country the best indicators of the world market, including goals and objectives. At the same time, the behavior of global trading companies during the transition to the world economy is very ambiguous, which leads to further research in this direction.
37
Mohammed, I. M. M., and V. Pizengolts. "Activity of oil companies of Iraq and their role in the world economy." Upravlenie 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-38-46.
Full textAbstract:
Сurrently, oil market remains one of the most demanded types of energy resources, the trade of which can be called the most important element of modern world economic relations.The global market for oil and oil products is characterized by high volatility, which requires the development of various strategies for insuring financial losses. Futures contracts are one of the main market financial risk management tools. Companies face the challenge of choosing the optimal hedging strategy. Will this strategy be used solely to hedge prices or will it become part of a wider market strategy.Another specific feature of the oil market is the participation of foreign companies in the exploration of oil fields in developing countries. Since the Iraqi oil market is currently in dire need of investment in technological infrastructure, the problem of attracting and operating foreign companies is also very topical for Iraq, and such relations themselves are also unstable and are influenced by many internal and external factors. The global energy sector is undergoing fundamental changes. At the same time, Iraq today has the most favorable opportunities for solving its economic problems, both shortterm and long-term. Iraq has a huge oil potential, largely unrealized, while possessing significant explored and undiscovered reserves. However, the oil and gas industry in Iraq requires the restoration and achievement of a stable export flow after the crisis period for it. Moreover, refineries need modernization, which requires significant financial costs.
38
Lo, Wai Ling, Ka Leung Mok, and Stephanie Dorothy Yu Pui Ming. "Which insect repellents should we choose? Implications from results of local market survey and review of current guidelines." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 25, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024907918773630.
Full textAbstract:
Mosquito-borne diseases are global problems. The use of topical insect repellents is a key measure recommended by health authorities to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. Despite more than a hundred commercial products available in the market, there are relatively few active ingredients used across these formulations. The most common active components are diethyltoluamide, picaridin, p-menthane-3,8-diol, ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535) and a range of plant-derived products. Research has shown that each of these active ingredients vary in the duration of protection provided against biting mosquitoes. However, the wide spectrum of commercial preparations and various recommendations from different health authorities make it a challenge to pick an effective product for end users as well as healthcare personnel. A local market survey was conducted to assess the mosquito repellent formulae in available products in Hong Kong, and a review of the current recommendations issued by local and overseas authorities on choosing the suitable insect repellents is performed with consideration of recent research and currently available topical repellents in the market.
39
Cardellichio, Peter A., and Clark S. Binkley. "The effects of overrun improvements on stumpage price inflation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-150.
Full textAbstract:
Overrun has been increasing in United States sawmills, particularly in recent years. While some of this increase may be attributed to log scaling biases, a substantial portion is apparently due to technological improvement. Have these technological improvements increased or dampened the rate of stumpage price inflation? Proponents of residual pricing theory argue that higher overrun causes stumpage prices to increase because lumber producers are able to pay more for stumpage. On the other hand, some analysts argue that higher overrun causes stumpage prices to fall by reducing the demand for stumpage. This paper addresses the controversy by means of a simple theoretical model of an integrated lumber market. The effect of improved overrun on stumpage price inflation is ambiguous and depends on the elasticity of both lumber demand and stumpage supply. However, by choosing reasonable values for key parameters, we conclude that at the level of the large producing region, say the Pacific Northwest, technology-based overrun improvements have most likely slowed the rate of stumpage price inflation.
40
Yamamoto Rosenbaum, Chika. "Strategic choices of bilateral and multilateral preferential trade agreements: empirical analysis." Japanese Journal of Political Science 19, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109918000245.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe rapid proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) has prompted numerous studies on why states seek PTAs. However, very little research examines why states vary in choosing different forms of PTAs, while states’ decisions to enter bilateral or multilateral PTA affect the global, regional, and national political economies. This paper thus finds global patterns regarding which pairs of states are more likely to enter bilateral or multilateral PTAs. Based on a wide range of existing research, the paper begins with hypothesizing different effects of economic and political factors that give rise to these PTAs during the last two decades. The empirical analysis then tests these hypotheses. The result shows stark differences in pairs of states joining the two types of PTAs. Bilateral PTAs are more likely to develop between democratic states with a large market size and the World Trade Organization (WTO) membership. Multilateral PTAs tend to form between less democratic states with greater political affinity.
41
KULAKHMETOVA, Gulbaram A., Nadiia A. SHCHERBAKOVA, and Victoria V. TSYPKO. "Modeling and Optimization of Socio-Economic Aspects for the Development of Tourism." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.8(32).08.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with the variants of providing digital nomadism with tourist services and service under conditions of global informatization. In order to increase the mobility of this category of tourists, the authors offered a model of information support in accordance with the strategy of global geoinformation supporting of travel infrastructure. The navigation system of information depository is focused on the localization of life support system points with optimal combination of infrastructure objects. For filling the information depository of tourist destination determination and annotation of most significant objects and access points to global tourist system of informatization have been carried out. When choosing the above-mentioned objects, the authors proceeded from the following founding principles: accessibility of objects to Internet system sources; consumer preferences; security. To ensure quality of tourist services and service the analysis of the state of global tourist information system infrastructure is carried out in the paper. Following the findings, proposals for the implementation of information depository model are developed. The markers of system orientation in space providing the link of object location with geoinformation field are included in the depositary information field. In general, the offered model, according to authors, will contribute to comfortable and safe movement of digital nomads on tourist route.
42
Moss, Alex, and Kieran Farrelly. "The performance of a blended real estate portfolio for UK DC investors." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 33, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-10-2014-0064.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the performance implications for UK DC pension fund investors who choose to combine global listed and UK unlisted real estate in a blended allocation relative to a pure unlisted solution. Design/methodology/approach – Blended listed and unlisted real estate portfolios are constructed. Investor risk and returns are then studied over the full 15 year sample horizon and distinct cyclical phases over this period using a number of risk-return metrics. Performance is then contrasted with that of a pure unlisted solution, as well as UK equity market and bond total returns over the same period. Findings – A UK DC pension fund investor choosing to construct a blended global listed and UK unlisted real estate portfolio would have experienced material return enhancement relative to a pure unlisted solution. The “price” of this enhanced performance and improved liquidity profile is, unsurprisingly, higher portfolio volatility. However, because of the improved returns, the impact upon measured risk adjusted returns is less significant. Practical implications – Relatively liquid blended listed and unlisted real estate portfolios create efficient risk and return outcomes for investors. Originality/value – This study uses actual fund rather than index data (i.e. measures delivered returns to investors), has chosen a global rather than single country listed real estate allocation and is focused on providing clarity around the real estate exposure for a specific investment requirement, the UK DC pension fund market.
43
Tarchouna, Ameni, Bilel Jarraya, and Abdelfettah Bouri. "Shadow prices of non-performing loans and the global financial crisis." Journal of Risk Finance 20, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 411–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-03-2018-0030.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to determine the opportunity cost borne by US commercial banks to reduce non-performing loans (NPLs) by one unit within the global financial crisis framework. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this aim, the authors use the directional output distance function to estimate the technical efficiency while considering NPLs as undesirable output. Then, they estimate the shadow prices of NPLs by using the envelope theorem and solving the revenue function. Findings The results indicate that medium-sized banks are the most efficient, while small banks are the most inefficient ones. Moreover, the shadow prices of NPLs of large banks are higher than those of small and medium-sized banks. This implies a more elevated cost when lessening bad loans in large banks. This is more prominent during the crisis given that the shadow prices of NPLs of large banks have risen sharply over that period. Practical implications Shadow prices have important managerial implications given that they display the amounts of required reduced revenues to lessen NPLs. Accordingly, banks’ managers are called to reduce these loans by paying more attention when choosing their customers. Originality/value With the absence of an observable market price for bad loans in financial literature, the shadow price notion offers an adequate measure to evaluate them. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that provides an estimation of the shadow price of NPLs in the US banking sector.
44
Spasojević, Bojana, and Sanja Božić. "Senior tourists’ preferences in the developing countries – measuring perceptions of Serbian potential senior market." European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejthr-2016-0009.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSenior leisure travel became a significant part of the global tourism market, and developing countries with lower GNP, such as South-East European countries, are also part of this trend. The principal aim of the paper was to explore the senior tourists’ preferences (choice of destination, transport, and accommodation), their travel motivation, and travel limitations of this fast-growing market with immense potential in this country. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 320 senior tourists in the five biggest cities of Serbia. The results indicate spa and mountain centres as preferable travel destinations among the potential senior tourists in Serbia, while the major factors for choosing a destination showed to be travel costs, climate conditions, and destination proximity. The research findings also showed that the principal travel motives are rest and relaxation and health improvement, and in connection to this, the most preferable activities on the destination are engagement in spa and medical treatments and spending time in unspoiled nature. Moreover, the study indicates financial difficulties and health concerns as the major travel barriers of potential senior market in Serbia. The research findings can be used as a framework for all tourism stakeholders involved in tailoring a specific tourism product for Serbian senior travel market.
45
Meluzín, Tomáš, Marek Zinecker, and Sylvia Kovandová. "IPO timing determinants: empirical evidence on the Polish capital market." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072499.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the determinants influencing the IPO timing by enterprises under the conditions in force on the Polish capital market. In the study we asked CFOs Polish enterprises divided into two groups to formulate their insights in the area of IPO timing. The first group consisted of the entities that have previously executed an initial public offering, the second one included the entities that have not executed an IPO (but considered doing so in the past or were candidates for doing it in the future). The survey results can be summarised as follows. First, in choosing an opportune time for an IPO, both subsamples of companies take into considerations the current need of external equity capital for continuing their growth. Second, managers also take advantage of macroeconomic development and effort conducting IPOs when present and projected state of the national and global economy is favorable. Overall stock market conditions, conditions in the business sector and investors´ interest in the business sector were identified as determinants of IPOs timing with a very strong support. Finally, Polish CFOs attach less importance to the interest that other companies operating in the same type of business may have in IPOs. The interest that firms from other business sectors may have in going public does not have an appreciable effect on timing as well.
46
Xuan, Zhou, Hong Dao Zhang, Zheng Hong Li, Cheng Zhang, Ji Lin Li, and Yan Ming Zhang. "The Role of Molecular Marker in Development of Plant Genetic Resources." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.855.
Full textAbstract:
Plants are fundamental to life, being the basis of our food production and an essential part of the global ecosystem on which life on earth depends. Plant genetic resources include primitive forms of cultivated plant species and landraces, modern cultivars, breeding lines and genetic stocks, weedy types and related wild species, which provide the building blocks that, allow classical plant breeders and biotechnologists to develop new commercial varieties and other biological products. Detection and analysis of genetic variation can help us to understand the molecular basis of various biological phenomena in plants. Molecular markers for the detection and exploitation of DNA polymorphism is one of the most significant developments in the field of molecular genetics. The presence of various types of molecular markers, and differences in their principles, methodologies, and applications require careful consideration in choosing one or more of such methods. This article describes the advances of molecular marker in present, introduces the molecular basis in development of plant genetic resources and perspectives the important role of molecular marker in development of plant genetic resources in the future.
47
PREDA, Oana. "Explicit learning based on interactive pedagogical methods used for reading comprehension." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare VI, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2020.6.2.06.
Full textAbstract:
Explicit learning based on interactive pedagogical methods used for reading comprehension. When choosing the pedagogical strategies meant to foster the formation and the development of reading comprehension skills it is essential to detect the roots and the specifics of dysfunctions in the cognitive processes and competences that might affect reading comprehension. The personalized and systematic use of interactive pedagogical methods has a positive impact on: enriching the pupils’ vocabulary with novel words and expressions; understanding the anaphoric reference items that feature in clauses and sentences; making lexical, causal and pragmatic inferences so as to understand clauses and sentences; acknowledging discourse markers; building a global representation of the text; employing meta-cognition while monitoring textual comprehension; accessing the significance of the text; understanding and using the text’s structure in order to critically interpret and assess the information read.
48
Jha, P. C., Remica Aggarwal, and Surya Prakash Singh. "Studying the interrelationship between third party logistic service provider enablers using ISM methodology." Journal of Modelling in Management 15, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 182–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-09-2018-0132.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this research is to first explore various third party logistic service provider supply chain enablers. Thereafter the interrelationship amongst the various supply chain enablers has been studied using ISM Methodology. Despite the complex relationships third party logistic service providers (3PLs) share with their clients or firms, they often attract a demand owing to the flexibility and competitive edge they provide to their client firms in adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions, focusing on their core competencies and developing long-term growth strategies for them. Choosing and evaluating the right third-party logistic service provider is an important responsibility for logistic managers. This largely depends on selecting appropriate 3PLs supply chain enablers that assess the 3PLs on different fronts. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an ISM approach for studying the interrelationships between various 3PLs enablers and accordingly constructing a hierarchical structure of them. Findings The results suggest that delivery, service reliability and risk and uncertainty factors have the highest importance. Research limitations/implications Selection of the 3PLs is a critical issue when they are required to be selected by the company at the global level. This often requires doing a comparative study for both domestic as well as global service providers. Choosing appropriate supply chain enablers as the basis for selection of 3PLs therefore will serve as a research topic to be further explored both by researchers as well as company managers. Further studying the inter-relationships amongst various supply chain enablers will provide basis to managers to justify their choice. Originality/value The novelty of the research lies in the application of methodology to the case of third-party logistic service provider selection
49
Goulas, Christos, Nikos Fotopoulos, and Polina Fatourou. "Highlighting and Interpreting Current Empirical Facets of the Greek Educational Pathogeny: A Sociological Approach." Journal of Educational Issues 7, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v7i1.18621.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims at highlighting and interpreting current empirical facets of the Greek educational pathogeny through a sociological approach. Especially, the paper tries to investigate the relationship between education and employment in modern Greece based on the annual statistical report of KANEP/GSEE, choosing both selected facets and sociologically interpreted issues such as public and private expenditure, trends on specialties, outcomes of initial training teacher’s profile etc. According to this data, the main political challenge is based on both the decrease of public expenditure and the maintenance of significantly high levels of household expenditure. Additionally, current trends, such as «brain drain» or migration of highly educated people, prove that Greek public universities’ learning outcomes remain competitive and effective through the framework of a global labour market, notwithstanding the harsh critique blaming them for «statism» and mismatching with the labour needs.
50
Vasyl Namoniuk, Vasyl Namoniuk, and Nataliya Shavrina Nataliya Shavrina. "FOREING DIRECT INVESTMENTS OF GERMAN TNCs: MAIN TRENDS AND FEATURES." Gulustan-Black Sea Scientific Journal of Academic Research 21, no. 03 (May 10, 2015): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/2103201522.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with the features of German transnational corporations’ investment activity within the last decade. The period of active foreign direct investing during 2004–2007 and the period of FDI decline due to the global economic and financial crisis are distinguished. The sectoral and regional structures of German TNCs’ investments are analyzed as well. The special accent is made on the issue of investment attractiveness of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Ukraine, for the German TNCs. It was revealed that stability and predictability of the situation in the country and main features of its market are more important for German corporations when choosing the host country, than regulatory restrictions on foreign direct investment. This is a very important issue for the FDI attraction into Ukrainian economy. Keywords: TNCs, FDI, international capital flows, regulatory restrictions, Central and Eastern Europe, Ukraine.