Journal articles on the topic 'Choosing export markets'
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Hubarieva, I., and V. Rudyka. "ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND TRENDS OF THE WORLD AND UKRAINE OIL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 1 (2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2019.1-11.
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The article assesses the state and defines the main tendencies of the development of the world and Ukrainian oil markets. Analysis of trends in the development of the world and domestic oil markets was carried out on the basis of data describing both stocks and production, and consumption of oil, as well as production from it and consumption of petroleum products, taking into account foreign economic relations of the country. The regional structure of world production, consumption, export and import of oil is estimated. The assessment of the state and trends of the world and Ukrainian oil markets is the basis for choosing the priority directions of ensuring Ukraine's energy security. Key words: oil, oil market, fuel and energy resources, regional structure, development
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Klimova, L. "Analysis of the work of the commodity distribution network of JSC “Mogotex” and choosing a strategy for interacting with intermediaries." E-Management 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-3445-2020-2-13-21.
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With the development of market relations, most domestic enterprises have gained access to new markets, including external ones. The study and development of these markets requires not only time, but also significant financial, labor and organizational resources. Domestic manufacturer deals with a horizontal, geographically dispersed market, where a large number of consumers are present, and creating its own sales network to serve them requires disproportionately high costs in relation to the expected sales volume. Intermediaries, by providing relatively easy and inexpensive access to foreign markets, play an important role in the export of the enterprise’s products and are designed to ensure more efficient movement of goods from producer to consumer, while producers can focus their attention and effort on producing high-quality products that better meet the needs of consumers.An analysis of the distribution network of the open joint stock company “Mogotex” has been conducted in the article, the structure of finished production enterprises through joint ventures and through dealers have been analysed, the analysis of dynamics of sales through distribution network has been performed, the author`s methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of intermediaries, has been сreated, taking into account the opinions of experts from the Marketing Department of the company under study and the weight of the criteria selected for evaluation, based on the developed methodology, depending on the average amount of points collected, the company᾽s intermediaries have been grouped and strategies for interaction with various groups have been selected. For the key intermediaries of the enterprise, the development of a program for their stimulation and support has been proposed.
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Kushnirenko, Оksana, and Olga Zarudna. "Тrade policy as an instrument to promote industrial development in Ukraine." University Economic Bulletin, no. 42 (June 19, 2019): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-42-90-102.
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Relevance of the research topic is due to the rapid growth in world trade, which leads to new challenges for Ukraine’s industry in the context of deepening economic globalization and increasing international competition. Under these conditions, the development and application of effective industrial policy instruments aimed at supporting promising sectors of the processing industry in the process of integration into the world market is very important. Formulation of the problem. New opportunities associated with the further liberalization of foreign trade in an increasingly open and competitive environment require the creation of a favorable environment for promoting the export activities of Ukrainian industrial producers under the constraints of international trade agreements. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. In the context of increasing the influence of integration processes on the development of production, the problem of choosing the most effective instruments of state regulation, which most of all contributed to active cooperation with foreign partners for export-oriented industrial producers of Ukraine, in particular for products with a higher degree of processing, remains insufficiently studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objective of the study is to develop proposals for effective trade policy instruments aimed at supporting the export of industrial products with higher added value within the framework of the existing restrictions of international agreements. Method or methodology for conducting research. General scientific methods are used in the work: abstract-logical, systemic; analysis and synthesis, statistical comparisons, grouping, sampling; expert assessments. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of government policy formation on the main aspects of the export development of industry in the context of integration processes. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of international trade, its geographical vectors, trends in exports and imports of Ukrainian-made industrial goods are disclosed, and effective trade policy instruments are proposed: namely, non-tariff regulatory methods aimed at creating effective policies and institutions and can be used for the eliminating restrictions upon integration of the Ukrainian manufacturer to the international markets.
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Ngoc-Huy, Dinh Tran, Nguyen Thi Hang, Le Thi Thanh-Huong, and Pham Van Hong. "FOOD AND DRINK PROCESSING FROM LYCHEE PRODUCTS IN THE NORTHERN PROVINCES OF VIETNAM - AND ROLES OF AGRICULTURE PROJECT FINANCING." Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío 33, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol33n1.555.
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The purpose of this study focuses on presenting the food and drink process in the case of making lychee juice and lychee-tea combination fruit juice in a tropical country such as Vietnam. We mainly use methods of qualitative analysis, synthesis and inductive methods, with description and explanatory methods. Authors also use a value chain approach from a material supply (lychee products) to production and market distribution.Research results show us that choosing good red lychee together with good green or black tea, esp. Lipton tea, which is produced from the region of material supplying in the Northern region of Vietnam, then mixed with sugar and ice, using little vegetables will be very good for everybody health, functioning as medical treatment to prevent heart disease, and helps men and women stronger.In the meantime, we also propose lychee and tea planting policies and capital financing policies in the country, esp. In the north of Vietnam. For instance, the nation needs to continue to negotiate with countries that have not yet allowed Vietnam’s fresh lychee to be imported into developed countries (such as Korea, ...); The state/province cooperates with donors and businesses in trade promotion activities in potential export markets for Vietnamese lychee and fruit products (Japan, Korea, US, EU, ASEAN…).
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Sychevskyi, Mykola, Oleksandr Shpychak, Olha Kovalenko, Oleksandr Kuts, and Olena Bokii. "Trends and prospects for the development of bakery production in European countries." Ekonomika APK 309, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202007054.
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The purpose of the article is to assess the development trends of the production of bakery products in the countries of the European space and the possibilities of the national industry to strengthen its positions in the domestic and foreign markets. Research methods. The research used the methods of theoretical generalizations, dynamical, statistical comparisons and groupings to analyze trends in the development of bakery production and assess the development of individual countries according to the selected system of indicators; economic and statistical analysis to determine the level of mutual influence of factors and forecast estimates. Research results. On the basis of the proposed methodological approach and the selected system of indicators, trends in the development of the bakery industry in European countries are studied. The mutual influence of factors of the macroeconomic environment on the development of bakery production has been determined, in particular: total income from product sales; capital investment; GDP per capita; wages; exchange rate. The influence of economic globalization on the expansion of exports of bakery products is revealed. The dynamics of production and export of bakery products is estimated. Based on the experience of developed countries and existing trends, the author suggests ways of developing the national bakery market. Scientific novelty. The market shares of manufacturers in the bakery market and the share of industrial products in the total consumption of bread products in Ukraine, the influence of price factors on the formation of demand for bread and flour in European countries have been established. It has been substantiated that the main trends of the European bakery market, which will continue in the future, are: an increase in the total volume of industrial production in the EU as a whole; growing demand for functional types of products, production of flour mixtures for the needs of bakery enterprises for a given range of bakery products; diffusion of innovations in consumer packaging and semi-finished products; preservation of national traditions of consumption of flour products. The article reveals the dependence of the total income of the bakery industry on the volume of capital investment, growth in average wages and the volume of gross domestic product per capita, which is typical for Ukraine and developing countries. Practical significance. Designed for experts in the field of economics of the food industry and the bakery industry, scientific workers, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions. The results of the study can be used by specialists to assess the level of development of bakery production in individual countries of the European space, by government officials when choosing directions for food policy, by researchers to expand the scope of research. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 7. Refs.: 39.
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Kuznyetsova, A., N. Kozmuk, O. Klipkova, and A. Stetsevich. "STRUCTURAL PARADIGM OF INNOVATIVE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (April 30, 2021): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230303.
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Abstract. The article is focused on finding a new and modification of the existing paradigms of the innovative and investment partnership formation. The article studies the perspective key members of innovative partnership, their roles and possible cooperation effects. The attention is focused on the choice of directions of the innovative process realization depending upon the comparative assessment of approaches and the innovation commercialization expenses. The author outlines the direct and indirect form of the innovative partnership: «enterprise — university» and «enterprise — innovative mediator — university». The analysis of the profit-making channels in each chosen type of cooperation is provided. The globalization and capital concentration platforms preceding the integration partnership agreements are outlined and analyzed. To build up a separate adaptive paradigm of the innovative partnership the factors of the inner and outer environment forming the barriers for the realization of successful innovation partnership models are analyzed. It was found that one more factor to be considered when choosing the forms of innovative partnership between the parties concerned is the payback from the innovation commercialization, Its amount will be impacted by the objective factors of the currency depreciation in time, level of the sci-tech progress development, facilitation of the state policy, selected priorities of the national strategies, etc. Concerning the subjective factors, they fall within the variety of behavioral characteristics of an individual. It is stated that the formation of the innovative partnership is closely connected with the regional peculiarity of the location of enterprises, institutions and organizations. It is suggested to outline the innovative export-oriented and innovative import-dependent regions of the country. This feature will cover the possibilities of acquisition of innovations, knowledge and experience, and resources for their realization from the inner and outer markets. One of the factors of the commercial success achievement with the chosen form of the innovative partnership is the Blue Ocean Strategy which will allow studying the market more in detail and find the market niches in need of such new integrative formations. The incorporation of spin-off and spin-out companies is outlined as an efficient direction of the innovative partnership grounds realization. The article was prepared with the application of the following methods: expert appraisal, analysis and synthesis, economic experiment and scientific abstraction as well as graphic and logical methods. Keywords: innovative partnership, innovative process, innovation, business model of the innovative partnership, innovative mediator, innovation commercialization. JEL Classification L26 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 12.
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Pirtskhalava, Nana, and Aleksandr Karpov. "INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FOREST INDUSTRY." Forestry Engineering Journal 9, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2019.4/18.
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Russia is the richest country with forest resources. It accounts for 22 % of the world's forest cover and half of the world's coniferous wood reserves. According to forecasts, the demand for commercial wood will increase by about 150 million cubic meters by 2030. There is only one real source – Russia's reserves. Reserves today amount to more than 83 billion cubic meters. For enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region, the main markets for woodworking products are China, the USA, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Egypt. Based on this, the study has formed a logistic export system for three transportation options. In addition, studies have been carried out on the basis of UNCTAD, EUROSTAT and FAO materials, as well as SEARATES technical and economic data. When choosing a logistics system option, an integrated economic assessment of costs by components has been used: material flow, information flow, and logistics intermediaries. The study has examined six potential routes for delivering timber between ports in East Asia (Shanghai) and Europe (Rotterdam). Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn. The study has addressed the issue of transportation along the Northern Sea Route (HIAR). Transportation along this route is possible only in the event of global warming and accelerated retreat of the Arctic sea ice. The economic strength for distance savings from Asia to Europe makes the northern route a likely driver of change in transportation networks
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Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Duc, Luong Phuoc Le, and Lan Hoang Le. "Supplier selection in supply chain management: AHP approach. A case study in the PVM company’s carton supplier selection." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.978.
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This study aims to: (1) summarize the criteria for selecting suppliers in the supply chain management from literature review and apply of the found criteria to construct the criteria for selecting carton suppliers for PVM Company expanding export market, and (2) analyze and comparethe strategy offinding the new supplier or developing the existing supplier. The in-depth interviews with experts in supply chain management and AHP approach with the support of the Expert Choice software are used for data collection, data processing, evaluating and selecting supplier alternatives. The results show that there are 6 main significantcriteria in choosing carton suppliers for the PVM Company including: quality, cost, delivery, reliability, financial, service. Also, by this study, there are two suppliers, such as, BH Companyand TA Company. Finally, the analytical results suggest PVM Companyshould choose the BH Company as carton supplier for the PVM Company’s export market development.
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Gogriciani, G. V., and A. N. Lyashenko. "Strategic Development of Oil Shipments from Russia to Palestine." World of Transport and Transportation 17, no. 4 (January 15, 2020): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-4-136-147.
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Recent decades have seen a significant expansion of world oil trade, which contributes to development of appropriate transport infrastructure, improvement and deepening of business ties in world energy markets and acceleration of their globalization. Russia plays an increasingly important role in export of oil and oil products, thereby seriously affecting physical volumes of foreign trade operations, prices, and the level of supply and demand. At the same time, interest in Russian oil is obviously taking into account the use of the existing or planned transport infrastructure. Despite the featured significant fluctuations in prices, which are caused by various factors of economic, geopolitical, and political nature, it is obvious that the general tendencies towards increase in oil prices remain against the background of the expected increase in demand for liquid fuel. This conclusion can be made on the basis of the costs of extracting energy resources, organizing the logistics component, of growing relevant political risks, according to competitive realities. In this regard, selection of an optimal transport route is of particular importance. The objective of the study is to test the algorithm developed by the authors for solving the multicriteria problem of choosing a rational route of fuel delivery within the framework of logistics chains from an oil refinery to a consumer. Testing is carried out at the example of development of hypothetical oil shipments from Russia to the State of Palestine. The use of the methods of economic analysis, multicriteria problem solving, expert assessments, representation of tasks in a multi-criteria setting using the developed deterministic method allows in each case to objectively find the best practical solution.The results of the analysis based on a sample of four options, have confirmed the possibility of using the proposed algorithm for solving the multicriteria problem to select the optimal route. The developed theory allows to objectively select the best proposal among possible variants; to improve the quality of the result obtained not only by the digital values of the accepted criteria, but also by taking into account the significance of different criteria among themselves by their influence on the process under consideration; to refine the intermediate data by using linear and nonlinear interpolation; to consider possible financial, time and other risks; to pose and solve problems taking into account hypothetical ways of transporting liquid fuel and compare the results with existing schemes.
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Smith, C., M. Ogutu, M. Munjuri, and J. Kagwe. "The Effects of Foreign Market Entry Strategies on Financial Performance of Listed Multinational Firms in Kenya." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.3.517.
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The objective of this study was to establish the effects of foreign market entry strategies on the financial performance of listed multinational firms in Kenya. Internationalization theory was used as the theoretical foundation of the study. Empirical studies reviewed revealed that several studies had been done on the direct relationship between performance of multinational firms and their modes of entry into foreign firms. However, none of these studies focused on the financial performance of listed multinational firms. The study utilised a cross-sectional descriptive design. Secondary data collected from firms’ annual reports and financial statements for a period of four years (2014 to 2017) was used. The firms’ financial indicators of Sales Growth, Return on Equity, Return on Assets and Return on Capital Employed were employed to measure their performance. Franchising, exporting, wholly owned subsidiary and acquisitions were assessed as the entry strategies used by multinational firms. Data was collected from all the 62 listed multinational companies in Kenya and analysed using quantitative methods. This analysis was most preferred for data collected was quantitative in nature. The relationship between the independent and the dependent variable was tested using simple linear regression. The results show that the performance of multinational firms operating through franchises and as wholly owned subsidiaries as well as acquisitions was lower than the performance of multinationals operating as export companies. The study concludes that the mode of entry into foreign markets chosen by a firm significantly affected its financial performance in the said market. It is therefore recommended that multinational firms wishing to expand their operations globally to come up with long term strategies that have gone through rigorous scrutiny for the benefit of the firm. The study gave a contextual understanding of the internationalization theory. The theory managed to emphasize on reasons why multinational firms should expand their operations beyond their national boundaries. Actual ingredients for policy makers to undertake a well thought through policy formulation to fully understand the importance of choosing the right entry strategy was provided for in the results. Recommendations of the study are that a thorough marketing evaluation of the country of interest should be undertaken to ensure that proper measures are put in place for the selection of an entry strategy that will address the goals and objectives of a firm. The study also recommends that employees of a firm who are at the forefront in the internationalization process should be well informed and trained ahead of the firm’s plans. Policy makers and advisories in countries are advised to streamline the processes of foreign firms’ registration so to attract foreign investors.
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Klute-Wenig, Sandra, Svenja Rebsch, Hartmut Holzmüller, and Robert Refflinghaus. "Improving the selection of international distribution partners by using quality management methods." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 9, no. 3/4 (September 18, 2017): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-03-2017-0022.
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Purpose The importance of international markets has increased in the past years and will further increase in the future. This offers potential for being competitive, but especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is going along with a variety of risks, e.g. the competition in the domestic market intensifies. Nevertheless, in most cases, SMEs with foreign operations are more successful than SME operating solely in the domestic markets. Nevertheless, the internationalization activities of SME are often unsystematic and emotional, especially when looking for distribution partners. The research project “Empirical based development of an instrument for identifying and making decisions about the choice of market entry and the selection of distribution partners of SME of the tool and cutlery industry when developing foreign markets” deals with this topic. In this paper the results of a literature review and an expert discussion regarding market development and especially the process of finding distribution partners for foreign markets are presented. Also, further steps in the project dealing with aspects of realizing the detected success factors by using quality management methods are explained. Design/methodology/approach The first step comprises a literature review and an expert discussion with leading managers of SME, with the aim to receive information about market entry decisions and selection of distribution partners. Therefore, a literature review and an expert discussion with leading managers of SME are carried out. The discussions are evaluated with MAXQDA©, a software for qualitative data analysis. Next, a questionnaire is designed for a quantitative analysis of the topic and will be evaluated by using SMART-PLS. Then, the results will be used as input variable for a quality function deployment for identifying appropriate measures for implementing the prior identified success factors. Thereby, also quality management methods and techniques will be used for finding the “right” measures. In this context, also a method for selecting distribution partners will be developed which is based on the logic of supplier evaluation. Finally, an Excel-based tool will be developed which includes the results of the project and allows companies easily applying them. Findings A literature review and an expert discussion within the tool and cutlery industry have been carried out and analysed. Thereby, the need for action regarding the selection of distribution partners has been revealed as essential step for success in foreign markets. Literature mostly deals with aspects like choosing appropriate countries for market entry and market entry strategy but not with distribution partners. Expert discussion also has shown that choosing distribution partners is often managed with gut feel. It lacks a criteria-based approach for optimizing this step during the internalization process. Originality/value Finding adequate distribution partners for a successful entry into foreign markets has not been investigated thoroughly yet. The project offers insights into determining factors for the selection process and improves the distribution partner selection by using quality management methods, for instance, by adapting the fundamental procedure of supplier assessment for distribution partner assessment.
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Hadad, Shahrazad. "Analytic hierarchy process analysis for choosing a corporate social entrepreneurship strategy." Management & Marketing 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2015-0014.
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Abstract After conducting an extensive analysis of both the specialised literature and practice and identifying three types of corporate social entrepreneurship in my PhD thesis titled “Corporate social entrepreneurship - the new paradigm of reshaping and rethinking business”, I decided to determine which of the three approaches is mostly suited for the Romanian market. The three types of corporate social entrepreneurship: corporate social entrepreneurship as local development tool, corporate social entrepreneurship as market development tool, and corporate social entrepreneurship as transformational innovation tool were organised as the alternatives of a carefully constructed hierarchy having as criteria: return on investment (which does not necessarily refer to the money that the company invests in the strategy; the term is derived from sustainability and scalability), degree of novelty, pre-entry knowledge and interest in solving the communities’ social problems. The questionnaire constructed based on the hierarchy using analytic hierarchy processes was distributed to experts (business developers) coming from the following industries or sectors: beverages, IT, banking, furniture, and automotive. The research reveals which is the approach most likely to be employed by Romanian business developers. The results may be inferred to the sum of businesses represented by the expert business developers who were part of the research.
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Nechaeva, Polina A. "Management of material recourse supply of automotive enterprises based on expert systems." RUDN Journal of Economics 29, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-348-358.
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The importance of managing the material recourse supply has become apparent in the modern economy as it largely determines the survival of a corporation and its success in the market, which is especially important in a crisis. The procurement has a particular impact on this process. The problem of subjectivity when choosing a supplier is increasing in modern condition, which forces companies to use new tools, such as artificial intelligence system to make management decisions. The article proposes an expert supplier management system as an integral part of the material recourse supply management system for automotive enterprises. The possibility of improving the efficiency of procurement system, in particular supplier management. Based on a fuzzy expert system is considered. The fuzzy knowledge used to build the expert system will allow the company's management to take into account the uncertainty when making decisions about choosing a particular supplier, as well as see a description of the supplier's criteria that cannot be quantified. The use of an expert system becomes especially relevant when difficulties arise in objective decision making and choosing from a variety of alternatives. As a result of the work of the expert system, the top management of the company will receive an objective decision on choosing a supplier.
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Chin, Jiung Bin. "The Decision-Making Model of Customers’ Choosing Hot Spring Resorts." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1856.
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This paper aimed at the rich hot spring resources and relevant industries were regarded as one major domain worth further developing in Taiwan. But under the current situation adversely affected by economic downturn and diverse customers’ need, how to survival in a market with extremely intense competition, while maintaining high profits, high lodging rate and high visiting rate, are the most essential challenge facing numerous hot spring hotels operators and other relevant trades. Apart from collecting related literature of hot spring hotel and conducting in-depth analyses and induction, this study employs Delphi Method for expert interview. The decision-making model of customers’ choosing hot spring hotel is established, the 6 major criteria are further divided into 19 indicators, for constructing the integral valuation model of this study, followed by issuing questionnaire of expert weigh of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with the aim to integrate and calculate the important relations between criteria and indicators. The results of this study are expected to be used by relevant trades as reference for future operation.
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Chow, M. L., E. J. Moler, and I. S. Mian. "Identifying marker genes in transcription profiling data using a mixture of feature relevance experts." Physiological Genomics 5, no. 2 (March 8, 2001): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.2001.5.2.99.
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Transcription profiling experiments permit the expression levels of many genes to be measured simultaneously. Given profiling data from two types of samples, genes that most distinguish the samples (marker genes) are good candidates for subsequent in-depth experimental studies and developing decision support systems for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. This work proposes a mixture of feature relevance experts as a method for identifying marker genes and illustrates the idea using published data from samples labeled as acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia (ALL, AML). A feature relevance expert implements an algorithm that calculates how well a gene distinguishes samples, reorders genes according to this relevance measure, and uses a supervised learning method [here, support vector machines (SVMs)] to determine the generalization performances of different nested gene subsets. The mixture of three feature relevance experts examined implement two existing and one novel feature relevance measures. For each expert, a gene subset consisting of the top 50 genes distinguished ALL from AML samples as completely as all 7,070 genes. The 125 genes at the union of the top 50s are plausible markers for a prototype decision support system. Chromosomal aberration and other data support the prediction that the three genes at the intersection of the top 50s, cystatin C, azurocidin, and adipsin, are good targets for investigating the basic biology of ALL/AML. The same data were employed to identify markers that distinguish samples based on their labels of T cell/B cell, peripheral blood/bone marrow, and male/female. Selenoprotein W may discriminate T cells from B cells. Results from analysis of transcription profiling data from tumor/nontumor colon adenocarcinoma samples support the general utility of the aforementioned approach. Theoretical issues such as choosing SVM kernels and their parameters, training and evaluating feature relevance experts, and the impact of potentially mislabeled samples on marker identification (feature selection) are discussed.
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FONSECA, Manuel B. C. B. F., Fernando A. F. FERREIRA, Wenchang FANG, and Marjan S. JALALI. "CLASSIFICATION AND SELECTION OF TENANTS IN RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE: A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 24, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2018.317.
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Choosing a tenant is a key issue in the housing rental market. Knowing, a priori, whether a tenant will pay the rent on time, be able to hold a good relationship with the neighbors or take care of the property (i.e. whether s/he will be a “good” tenant) is not a simple endeavor. It is crucial, however, as it can help save time, money and conflicts that can end up in court. This study aims to address this issue, through the integrated use of cognitive maps and the Decision EXpert (DEX) technique. Grounded on a constructivist logic, the study brought together a panel of experts with experience and knowledge in the residential rental market, in order to identify and articulate the criteria to be taken into account in the classification and selection of tenants. The results achieved show that the integration of these two methodologies (i.e. cognitive maps and DEX) can help increase our understanding of the decision problem at hand, and lead to more informed and potentially better tenant choices. Advantages and limitations of the framework are also discussed.
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Koh, Winston T. H., and H. M. Leung. "Persuasive Advertising and Market Competition." American Economist 36, no. 2 (October 1992): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459203600205.
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This paper studies a duopoly industry where the firms compete for market shares by choosing output prices and advertising outlays. Advertising is purported here to be persuasive rather than informative as it is described in most signaling models. Persuasive advertising tends to cancel each other out and this leads us to question the possibility of firms reducing advertising outlays collusively. Using output cost to stand proxy for output quality, it is found that a robust positive association exists between output cost (quality), output price and advertising activity. We should therefore expect a firm producing higher output quality to advertise more and charge higher price than its lower quality rival even when neither advertising nor price is used as an information dissipating signal. Advertising is also found to be a credible tool to facilitate collusive commitment.
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Pathak, Gajanan. "Productivity Improvement using Time Study Analysis in a Small-Scale Import-Export Industry." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35038.
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The pattern of economic aggressiveness has exchanged worldwide. Many countries have joined the worldwide economic competition to capture the worldwide market to remain moneymaking and competitive by increasing their production. There are so many factors that influence the efficiency of a manufacturing system. The most widely addressed issue is how to increase production. Motion and time study approach are one of the productivities increasing techniques assist in many manufacturing industries. Productivity plays a significant or significant role in a company. There are many reasons for which productivity decreases, and there are various methods to improve productivity. However, choosing which method to use according to the situation is a wise decision. This study was done in an industry engaged in manufacturing Desk Accessories, Bag, Industrial Tool Kit, Leather Product and Home Furnishing products. The time study data for making the U bag process faster decreases the time taken for making bags and increases the production rate to increase productivity. The data was collected, and significant improvement in changeover time was observed
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Snow, Neal M., and Jacqueline L. Reck. "Developing a Government Reporting Taxonomy." Journal of Information Systems 30, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-51373.
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ABSTRACT The municipal bond market is a $3.7 trillion market with approximately 75 percent of the market held by private investors (SEC 2012). Municipal bondholders and potential buyers do not have the same level of information as those investors choosing to invest in public companies. This inequity is, in part, the result of poor data accessibility. Frequently the data provided are in a format that does not allow easy comparison across governments or over time. To increase comparability and consistency in government reporting we build a government financial reporting taxonomy using the empirical approach. The completed taxonomy has 194 terms that cover financial statements filed by municipalities. Expert analysts and preparers in government reporting reviewed the completed taxonomy. This study has implications for the municipal reporting market and those entities that regulate them by providing a validated municipal government financial reporting taxonomy.
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Ménard, L., A. Petit, É. Leblong, M. Stein, E. Hatzidimitriadou, R. Khemmar, S. Manship, R. Morris, N. Ragot, and P. Gallien. "Novel Robotic Assistive Technologies: Choosing Appropriate Training for Healthcare Professionals." Modelling, Measurement and Control C 81, no. 1-4 (December 31, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmc_c.811-408.
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One of the key challenges for the training of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is to maintain a good understanding and knowledge of new assistive technologies (ATs) that are currently on the market [1]. Indeed, at present, available training on ATs is limited and does not meet the practice-related needs of HCPs. It is in this context that the ADAPT European project aims to develop a new AT training programme for healthcare professionals, which will also introduce them to the project’s new AT developments - a smart powered wheelchair and a virtual reality wheelchair-driving simulator. The program consists of six multimodal units; five delivered via e-learning and one through a blended method of e-learning and face-to-face sessions. The development of the content is guided by findings from an earlier literature review and an online survey of AT training needs for HCP’s, both undertaken by the ADAPT cross-national research team, comprised of UK and French experts. The level of technical difficulty increases with successive units in order to train all HCPs to use innovative ATs more widely in their practice. A Learning Management System enables the dissemination of the e-learning AT program. Preliminary results from participant unit-specific evaluations available at this stage are overall positive and encouraging.
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Fatenok-Tkachuk, Alla, Myroslava Kulynych, Anna Safarova, and Nadiya Bukalo. "Analysis of chicken production trends in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 4 (December 27, 2017): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4-1).2017.14.
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Poultry farming is one of the most promising areas of production not only in Ukraine but also in the world. This is due to the high demand for protein products and increased consumption. Ukraine does not use enough of its export potential in the agrarian sector. It is precisely these circumstances lead to choosing as the basis for the research the mentioned direction of production by domestic producers.The tendencies of the Ukrainian poultry enterprises development and features of the chicken market are generalized, namely the volume of cultivation and sale on the slaughter of poultry by Ukrainian producers, the cost price and profitability of poultry meat production have been analyzed; the specific features of the products range are defined in all competitor companies and products offered for export. The competitiveness of domestic poultry production in comparison with domestic and foreign analogues has been investigated. For the study the following enterprises as the LLS “Ptahokompleks” Gubin, TM “Pan Kurchak”, slaughter-house “Piorkowscy” and JSC “Superdrop” were taken. It is established that domestic products are competitive both in terms of price and taste properties. The dynamics of export and import of poultry meat in Ukraine and abroad is analyzed. Significant growth of poultry meat export as compared to previous periods has been revealed, which is explained by obtaining permit documents and implementation of measures by domestic producers to bring poultry products closer to international standards. The prospects for the development of the investigated production direction are designed.
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Prasetyo, Hamzah Abdul Karim, Hendri Tanjung, and Abrista Devi. "Multi Criteria Analysis for Selecting Sharia Capital Market Management Investment Using ANP." Jurnal Manajemen 12, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/jm-uika.v12i2.4226.
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<div><p class="1eAbstract-text"><em>The society orientation has shifted from a saving-oriented society to an investing-oriented society. Currently, investors have many choices of investment instruments to invest in the Islamic capital market. Previous studies have shown the factors that influence the capital market and influence investors' decisions to invest in the capital market. This study uses the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method to (1) determine the criteria that need to be taken into consideration in choosing an Islamic capital market investment instrument. (2) knowing the ideal investment instrument based on established criteria. The criteria used in this study include seven criteria, namely: investment performance criteria, risk criteria, liquidity criteria, macroeconomic factor criteria, individual circumstance criteria, psychological factor criteria, and demographic criteria. The respondents in this study were five experts from academics, practitioners, and regulator. The major findings of the research are (1) the criteria to be considered in choosing Islamic capital market investment instruments are divided into investor criteria and capital market criteria. Investor criteria include; psychological factors (motivation and self control), individual circumtances (financial literacy), demographics (income and education). Capital market criteria include: investment performance (capital gain, yield, and fundamental analysis), risk (financial risk, market risk and management risk), macroeconomic factors (exchange rates and gross domestic product), liquidity (liquidity ratio). (2) the alternative with the highest priority is sharia mutual funds, then sukuk and sharia stocks</em><em>.</em></p></div>
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Mehrkish, Ali, M. Tahani, H. Ghazanfar, S. Norouzi Ghazbi, and S. Zare. "A Study on Systematic Procedure for Choosing the Best Powertrain Configuration in Hybrid Sedan Cars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.360.
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With increasing market awareness for fuel efficient vehicles, automotive manufacturers are rapidly adopting various hybrid electric configurations (HEVs) to a wider range of passenger vehicles. There are three major HEV configurations depending on the connection between the components that define the energy flow routes and control ports: series, parallel and series-parallel hybrid. Each configuration includes variety of power-transmission patterns. Choosing the right pattern has been always the most important decision in design process of HEV. This paper presents an introduction to hybrid electric vehicles, the commonly used configurations of the powertrain and finally the selection methodology. This methodology could be used by designers to choose the best power-transmission architecture in design processes of a hybrid sedan car with given specification. The expert choice software is used in selection process. The software is programmed based on AHP method. AHP is a structured method which is used for choosing between several options. The introduced method in this article could be used by designers in designing hybrid electric vehicles in all ranges of hybridization.
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Vyšedvorskytė, Miglė, and Neringa Vilkaitė-Vaitonė. "FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER LOYALTY FOR MOBILE SERVICE PROVIDERS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 12 (June 26, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2020.12448.
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Intense competition in the mobile services market encourages these service providers to take measures to create, maintain and enhance consumer loyalty. In such a concentrated market, it becomes important for service providers to identify and enhance the factors determining customer loyalty and their expression, whereas maintaining existing users requires significantly less effort and financial, human and time resources than attracting new ones. This article deals with a case study of Lithuania’s mobile operators: UAB “Bitė Lietuva”, UAB “Tele2”, UAB “Telia” in the context of consumer loyalty. The paper raises the question of what factors influence mobile phone user loyalty and how these factors can be evaluated. The article presents theoretical analysis of factors determining consumer loyalty in the service sector. An expert evaluation and multi-criteria study reveals which loyalty factors have the strongest influence on customers of mobile operators when choosing a particular service provider in Lithuania. The relevance of this article has potential for a practical study of consumer loyalty factors in the future. In the future, the research may be continued on a larger scale, involving more companies in the telecommunications sector, choosing research methods that are suitable for a broader sample of research and formulating consumer loyalty enhancement solutions applicable exclusively to organizations in the industry.
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Mohammed, I. M. M., and V. Pizengolts. "Activity of oil companies of Iraq and their role in the world economy." Upravlenie 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-38-46.
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Сurrently, oil market remains one of the most demanded types of energy resources, the trade of which can be called the most important element of modern world economic relations.The global market for oil and oil products is characterized by high volatility, which requires the development of various strategies for insuring financial losses. Futures contracts are one of the main market financial risk management tools. Companies face the challenge of choosing the optimal hedging strategy. Will this strategy be used solely to hedge prices or will it become part of a wider market strategy.Another specific feature of the oil market is the participation of foreign companies in the exploration of oil fields in developing countries. Since the Iraqi oil market is currently in dire need of investment in technological infrastructure, the problem of attracting and operating foreign companies is also very topical for Iraq, and such relations themselves are also unstable and are influenced by many internal and external factors. The global energy sector is undergoing fundamental changes. At the same time, Iraq today has the most favorable opportunities for solving its economic problems, both shortterm and long-term. Iraq has a huge oil potential, largely unrealized, while possessing significant explored and undiscovered reserves. However, the oil and gas industry in Iraq requires the restoration and achievement of a stable export flow after the crisis period for it. Moreover, refineries need modernization, which requires significant financial costs.
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Skvarciany, Viktorija, Daiva Jurevičienė, Juris Iljins, and Elīna Gaile-Sarkane. "Factors influencing a bank’s competitive ability: the case of Lithuania and Latvia." Oeconomia Copernicana 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2018.001.
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Research background: A commercial bank’s competitive ability is of great importance as it plays a vital role in ensuring a bank’s success; hence, it is necessary to identify the factors that contribute to the development of competitive advantage of commercial banks and to shift competitive ability to a higher level. The competiveness of banks is assessed from customers’ perspective, highlighting the main factors that influence them in choosing a particular bank.
Purpose of the article: The paper aims to assess the determinants influencing bank’s competitive ability from customers’ perspective by indicating the level of their influence. The following objectives are set: to distinguish the determinants influencing commercial bank’s competitive ability, to prepare a methodology for the assessment of factors, to evaluate the importance of the factors using expert evaluation method based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.
Methods: A questionnaire was prepared for the experts in order to collect the data; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was implemented for processing the data.
Findings & Value added: The research was conducted in Latvia and Lithuania at the be-ginning of 2017. The results showed that the most important factor for bank’s competitive ability in both — Lithuania and Latvia — is customers’ trust. Reliability of the bank (both in Latvia and Lithuania) and the privileges of loyal customers (only in Latvia) have gained experts’ attention as well. The proposed model of bank’s competitive ability allows to evaluate the level of bank’s competitiveness effectively, which would help the bank to plan its activities successfully and attract new customers in order to take the leading position in the market.
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Jarir, Syaikhuna Ibnu, Dwi Kartika Wulandari, Desma Ulfitriani, Hendra Gunawan, and Jeni Rolika. "Analisis Sistem Rantai Pasok Baja." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 11, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v11.n1.p214-220.2012.
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PT Karakatau Steel is the which manufacture iron steel factory in Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia. That said Pujawan supply chain is the network of the which companies are working to create and deliver togerther the product into end customer. Production activity in PT Krakatau Steel include raw steel, producing and selling work-in-process steel, finished steel products and steel billet Including, HRC and CRC, steel wire bar, and also steel-concrete, profile steel, and steel pipe.In finished steel products, steel production company Could match with specification and customer needs. PT Karaktau steel sales have activity in the domestic market and export market by using porduction system make-to-stock. To control product quality of product produced, well relatioionship keep company with raw material suppliers, and also the make an impact on production controling cost.Supplier selection procedure uses the tender mechanism, chosen supplier is the best supplier That consistency ratio have high level of priority and wight . Company built product storage in easy access places to maintain product delivery Fluency by choosing train as land transportation unit and ship as sea transport unit.Keywords: supply chain, make to stock, transportation
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Dutta, Palash, and Rupjit Saikia. "A Decision-making Approach for Choosing a Reliable Product under the Hesitant Fuzzy Environment via a Novel Distance Measure." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 45, no. 3 (September 2020): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920976765.
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Executive Summary In the contemporary time, the reliability of any product has become a big issue from the customer’s perspective due to exponentially mushrooming markets of electronics and digital gadgets. Since the use of digital equipment is tremendously increasing, as a consequence, the production and availability of products are also increasing rampantly. Due to the flooding of digital products, customers often end up in a dilemma regarding the abundant choice and subsequently, become very much dependent upon the reviews of experts and fellow customers as well. In many cases, unfortunately, it is encountered that the products are not reliable enough as suggested by the reviewers. Besides, it is often seen that the manufacturing companies provide almost similar types of features and facilities for products and customers usually end up in a dilemma The confusion gets triggered when varieties of commodities are manufactured and supplied by different manufacturers bearing almost the same features nearly at the same price. In such situations, the reviews of experts and customers already using the product become essential. The reliability of a product relies upon the reviews of the previous customers of the same product. In this article, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology has been employed to find the reliability of a product considering different features of the product based on the reviews of customers and experts. This paper presents a neo distance measure on hesitant fuzzy set which is found on the notion of score function and mean deviation. Explanatory instances are provided to reveal the distinctiveness and merit of our proposed idea on distance measure over existing distance measures. After that, the proposed distance measure is applied in the decision-making approach for taking up the best electronic products. It is evidenced that the proposed distance measure is beneficial to measure distance degree between two unequal Hesitant Fuzzy Elements (HFEs) without putting extra elements in the shorter HFE. The proposed distance measures can be utilized in the decision-making field in the near future under diverse conditions to display undetermined particulars in a much-clarified manner.
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Tymul, E. I. "Choosing Method for Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis for Energy Enterprises." Science & Technique 20, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-1-83-90.
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The reform of the energy sector in the Republic of Belarus, which in the last few years has moved to the stage of active implementation, will bring significant changes in the management of energy enterprises. The introduction of risk management for energy enterprises will become a necessary stage, which is justified by the transition of the energy sector to market relations. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the main issues of risk assessment for energy enterprises. The paper proposes a method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of all the risks that an energy enterprise may face in the process of energy generation. The approaches of various authors to the algorithm of qualitative risk analysis have been considered in the paper. This has made it possible to clarify the main tasks that need to be solved when conducting a qualitative risk analysis. The paper also presents an analysis of methods for quantitative risk analysis. The most commonly used methods include scenario analysis and mathematical statistics, analogy and analytical methods, methods for assessing losses, expert assessments and the theory of statistical games. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The performed analysis of quantitative risks has permitted to substantiate the choice of methods applicable to the energy sector, taking into account the specificity of activity type. The paper has studied various scales for estimating the probability and possible losses from risks. A comparative analysis of these scales is presented and the choice of a scale for energy enterprises is justified in the paper. Attention has been paid to the problem of probability classification pertaining to occurrence of risk events. The methodology for determining the value of possible losses when performing a risk event has been considered in detail. Potential losses are classified into the following groups: interruptions in the technological process, consequences for people, environmental consequences. Possible financial losses, as well as losses from the position of the law and reputation, have been considered separately. A critical review of risk management methods has been performed in the paper. The paper has identified the most promising methods of risk management for energy enterprises
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Khlevytska, T. B., and N. O. Plevako. "Scientific and Methodological Approach to Choosing the Financial Strategy of an Enterprise." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 46 (2020): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-4-241-248.
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The market transformation processes of Ukraine’s economy have determined the need for new approaches to managing the activities of domestic enterprises, ensuring their financial stability and competitiveness, especially when facing difficulties both in generating their own financial resources and raising funds from outside. Under such conditions, the issues of ensuring the strategic development of enterprises become especially relevant, requiring the search for optimum procedures of choosing such strategies, taking into account numerous criteria and alternatives. The purpose of the article is to substantiate a scientific and methodological approach to choosing a financial strategy for an enterprise, the choice being based on multi-vector and sound calculations. The approach is based on the hierarchy analysis method as one that helps to make decisions in complex, structured, multi-criteria and multi-alternative situations. The article substantiates the need for a profound analysis of the coordination of experts’ opinions, which would increase the argumentativeness and reasonableness of the strategy selection process. The expediency of extensively using mathematical methods while developing particular strategies and estimating the quality of their implementation is proven. The practical value of this approach lies in raising the validity level of the strategic decisions taken, and making it possible to provide their early and timely adjustment by differentiating criteria for decision-making and changing strategic alternatives. The proposed approach can be used to form a strategic portfolio for any enterprise, regardless of its scope of activity and form of ownership. Its end result is seen in improving the quality of strategic management at domestic enterprises.
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Golda, N., I. Pinak, and N. Polishchuk. "Use of heurestic methods in marketing modeling." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 69, no. 2 (2021): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.02.137.
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The features of the mechanism of heuristic methods application in marketing modeling are investigated in this paper. The essence of methods of economic analysis in advertising is revealed. Approaches to media planning using heuristic methods are analyzed in detail. Step-by-step evaluation matrix and expert preferences matrix for ranking the advertising evaluation criteria are proposed. The use of integrated models for advertising campaigns modeling is substantiated. Mathematical expressions for their application in the integrated models construction and the use of heuristic methods in media planning are presented. The matrix of expert advantages in terms of ranking the advertising evaluating criteria is proposed. The application of «Delphi» method for processing the results of the analysis of iterative opinions convergence is proposed. The results of modeling the options for evaluating the advertising media choice are presented. It is proved that in the market economy the importance of modeling marketing processes is growing and is that firstly it is necessary to test it on laboratory models, and then in the current market conditions to model the processes required for quality activities in the market. During the crisis most of the companies need strategic forecasting of their activities and for this purpose it is advisable to use methods of economic analysis. It is investigated that heuristic methods (methods of activating creativity, non-standard thinking) include the group of methods for generating solutions of problems. It is determined that the methods of heuristic search are diverse and include both methods of activating creativity and their modification and combination. It is proposed to conduct modeling using heuristic methods in several stages. For this purpose, step-by-step model including thirty steps is used. In this paper expert methods for marketing analysis are used, as they are a set of logical and mathematical techniques, as a result of which experts receive the information necessary for making informed rational management decisions. Both methods of non-directional search including methods of brainstorming, expert assessments, associations and analogies, control questions, collective notebook and directional search, including the algorithm for solving inventive problems are used in this investigation. Heuristic methods are used in marketing analysis because they involve the study and formalization of human thinking in solving various problems. It is proposed in this paper to improve the algorithm for choosing the optimal type of advertising, which is carried out in four stages and has clear heuristic basis. It is offered in this algorithm to include the definition of complex priority in the third stage making it possible to estimate qualitatively the selected options of advertising. The complex indicator for each type of advertising is defined as the sum of products of the relative priorities of advertising on the relative priorities of the criteria for their evaluation. The type of advertising receiving the highest priority can be considered as the best one for the company.
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Michalski, Bartosz. "W poszukiwaniu dywersyfikacji. Stan i perspektywy rozwoju polsko-skandynawskiej wymiany handlowej." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (November 26, 2017): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2017.2.11.
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The paper aims at analysing the characteristics of the Polish-Scandinavian trade and at evaluating prospects of its further development in the context of the growing diversification of Polish exporting markets. The motivation behind this issue is rooted in the high dependence of the Polish economy on the German market. This brings about a threat to economic security through a specific technological dependence, which may result in a lot of challenges characteristic for the middle-income trap. This problem can be explained by the thesis of the blight of German proximity. The features of intensive trade relations, mostly in the motor vehicle industry and machinery (to some extent also in the electronic and electrical sector), require finding convenient locations for subsidiaries and further suppliers within corporate added-value chains. It should help exploiting current cost and effciency advantages of host economies and thus block the development of potential innovative alternatives induced by the too weak domestic support. For this reason, it is justified to intensify trade relations with other countries whose markets may be attractive for Polish exporters. They should also have competencies and advantages which are insufficient in the Polish economy. Hence, this transfer of knowledge through the trade cooperation (the concept of learning by exporting) may have an impact on the national innovation system. Choosing Scandinavian countries is coherent with the attempts to diversify the structure of exporting markets and is one of the critical dimensions of enhanced cooperation in the region of the Baltic Sea. The research on the trade relations covers the period 2001-2015 together with the original insight into the prospects for their further development. For this purpose, the trade data of the International Trade Centre were used. Their disaggregation (2-, 4- and 6-digit) within the Harmonised System made possible the identification of the most important sectors, product clusters and even specific commodities which may be Polish exporting hits. Another dimension of the analysis covers the technological intensity of the Polish exports and imports with Scandinavian countries, the structure of Polish trade balance and the intensity of the intra-industry trade (Grubel-Lloyd index) together with its subcategories (horizontal, vertical-low quality, vertical-high quality) in the chapters with the highest share in bilateral trade.
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Wang, Chia-Nan, Van Thanh Nguyen, Jui-Chung Kao, Chih-Cheng Chen, and Viet Tinh Nguyen. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods in Fuzzy Decision Problems: A Case Study in the Frozen Shrimp Industry." Symmetry 13, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030370.
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The European Union (EU) is the largest shrimp consumer market in the world in terms of requirements for shrimp product imports. Therefore, other enterprises that export frozen shrimp to the EU must consider many criteria when choosing suppliers of raw shrimp. The difficulty of choosing suppliers of raw shrimp makes selecting raw material suppliers in the fisheries sector a multi-criteria decision-making problem. In such problems, the decision makers must review and evaluate many criteria—including qualitative and quantitative factors—to achieve an optimal result. While there have been multiple multi-criteria decision making models developed to support supplier selection processes in different industries, none of these have been developed to solve the particular problems facing the shrimp industry, especially as it concerns a fuzzy decision-making environment. In this research, the authors propose a Multi-Criteria Decision Making model (MCDM) including the Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) for the evaluation and selection process of shrimp suppliers in the fisheries industry. The model is applied to a real-world case study and the results show that Supplier 3 (SA3) is the most optimal supplier of raw shrimp. The contribution of this work is the employment of FANP and WASPAS to propose an MCDM for ranking potential suppliers in the fisheries industry in a fuzzy environment. The proposed approach can also be modified to support complex decision-making processes in fuzzy environments in different industries.
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Benyayer, Louis-David, and Martin Kupp. "Responding to open business models." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-09-2016-0094.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide guidelines for practitioners in choosing the right response to potential threats by open business models. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on identifying the dimensions of open business models. It consisted of 32 interviews with experts on open business models complemented by panel discussions with a selection of experts to validate the findings. Findings Five dimensions of open business models are identified: motivation, object, community, action and governance. Based on those dimensions, three responding strategies are proposed. Practical implications This paper offers insights for strategists and entrepreneurs who consider developing open business models or are attacked by competitors or other market players with open business models. Originality/value Complementing previous research, this paper highlights how the five dimensions of open business model can serve as a tool to design appropriate strategies when confronted with new forms of competition.
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Rakasiwi, Sindu, and Haryo Kusumo. "SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN BEDAK WAJAH DENGAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI 10, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/jtikp.v10i2.136.
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Abstract The development of the cosmetics industry continues to increase causing a variety of cosmetic products issued in the market, both in terms of brands, facilities, types, and other variations contained in these products. Facial skin is the most important part of a woman's appearance to ensure that the skin always looks smooth and healthy. By adding face powder brands offered to consumers, they are increasingly confused in choosing the right face powder. The development of information technology that forms a support system can help consumers determine the right face powder. The method used is SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). The basic concept of the SAW method is to find a weighted sum of performance evaluations for each alternative on all attributes. The criteria used are age, skin type, brand, price, composition, aroma, size, color and shape of the packaging. From the results of the validation test conducted by the system expert shows the final value of the calculation is 3.0, the system is declared valid. While from the validation test results, the expert gets the final calculation material is 3.5 and the material expert approves the appropriate system because the system can provide appropriate recommendations for new consumers. From the validity and reliability test results obtained from 10 assessment indicator items, there are 8 question items that are considered valid and 8 items assessment indicators can be trusted.
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Kabaikina, O. V. "Gender discrimination in employment in Moscow." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 26, no. 3 (December 16, 2020): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2020-26-3-200-213.
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The article presents gender inequality in the sphere of work in Moscow city. The purpose of this work is to determine the acuteness of discrimination men and women in matters of employment, and to understand how the gender aspect is relevant in the Moscow labor market. People from other regions come to the capital to get a job, and therefore the city of Moscow is the center of employment of Russian citizens from all over the country. It is important to monitor how equal are the opportunities for men and women in the capital to find the desired job, what difficulties candidates face in finding and choosing a job with. I provide a legislative framework designed to ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, and show how the principle of equality is implemented in practice. For this I present the results of the author’s survey of HR experts-managers who specialize in studying the labor market and the processes taking place on it, as well as research conducted by the Headhunter, Superjob job sites, the Hays recruitment agency. As a result, it has been determined that in the labor market both men and women experience discrimination, and this is connected with the opinion of the candidates, they define, where can more realize themselves, and what salary should be for them. At the same time, gender inequality loses its sharpness against the background of other problems, and experts predict a growing decrease in the difference between the positions of men and women in the labor market.
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Shagaida, N., and V. Uzun. "Food embargo and choice of priorities." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2016): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-7-93-105.
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In this paper the authors clarify the concept of “national interest”, for the sake of which the embargo on food deliveries to Russia was introduced on August 7, 2014. Its impact on Russian agricultural producers, consumers and countries under embargo has been estimated. We find that the embargo had a positive effect on producers of agricultural products and a negative one on consumers. The economies of the countries under embargo have not suffered in general - the share of food in their exports increased as they managed to reorient them on other markets. In Russia the effect of the embargo was influenced by ruble devaluation which encouraged consumers to choose domestic food instead of imported one as less expensive. Growth of Russian production, especially meat, in conditions of decrease of solvent demand has led to changes in price trends. The possibility of food reexport to Russia has become an external positive effect of the embargo for other countries. Using other priorities when choosing countersanctions could make them more targeted having less negative impact on the population of Russia.
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Mitrofanova, Elena, and S. Grishaeva. "DIGITAL GENERATION CONSIDIRATIONS IN EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 9, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2020-21-26.
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The values of the virtual world form the specific behavior of the digital generation in the process of getting education and building a career. The article discusses the socio-cultural characteristics of the digital generation, which begins to play an increasingly prominent role in the labor market, and, therefore, deserves close study in the context of effective personnel management and the implementation of professional education. These features are identified as a result of a secondary analysis of data from Russian and foreign studies, a survey (in the form of a questionnaire) of youth representatives and expert interviews. Value orientations of the digital generation that were identified, affect its behavior in the process of obtaining education and professional self-realization, as well as methodologically justified tools for using the sociocultural features of the digital generation both in constructing a new digital educational process and in choosing methods for managing this category of personnel in a company.
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Cajias, Marcelo, Franz Fuerst, and Sven Bienert. "Can investing in corporate social responsibility lower a company's cost of capital?" Studies in Economics and Finance 31, no. 2 (May 27, 2014): 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-05-2013-0067.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings on the ex ante cost of capital of more than 2,300 listed US companies in a panel from 2003 to 2010. It examines whether financial markets value continuous investment in CSR activities through higher market capitalization and lower cost of capital. Design/methodology/approach – The measure of the cost of capital reflects the perceived riskiness of individual companies expressed in the unobserved internal rate of return that investors expect to hold a risky asset. Based on descriptive portfolio estimations, panel and quantile regressions, the authors model the cost of equity capital as a function of CSR strengths and concerns obtained from the KLD-database and accounting controls. Findings – The authors show that firms' CSR strategies differ significantly across industry sectors. Customer-orientated companies such as telecommunications and automobile outperform asset-driven sectors such as real estate or chemical companies. Furthermore, the authors find a 10-bp positive effect for one standard deviation of firms' intensive allocation of resources in sustainable activities. Research limitations/implications – Since the authors are interested in the effect environmental, social and governance activities have on the firm's perceived market valuation rate, the authors apply the Fama-French model because of its efficiency in explaining realized returns, rather than incorporating analyst's long-term growth forecasts into the proxy for the equity premium. Practical implications – Managers of companies with low or intermediate CSR scores may consider the financial benefits of improving their social and environmental performance. A good starting point is usually to draw up a company-wide CSR agenda, possibly guided by a dedicated CSR task force, mapping out the potential costs and benefits of such measures. In addition, by improving their CSR ratings, a company may get access to additional resources, ranging from the growing ethical investment industry to employees for whom CSR performance matters when choosing an employer. Originality/value – The authors expand the existing literature by considering firm's CSR level to be in relation to the overall CSR performance and decompose firm's CSR agenda into strengths and concerns rather than counting the number of activities a firm is involved in. The applied methodology allows a better understanding of firm's CSR agenda and its implication for capital markets and investors on both long and short investment terms.
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Mishchuk, Ievgeniia, Olena Zinchenko, and Maryna Adamenko. "Sustainable competitive innovative development and economic security of enterprises under unstable conditions: mutual dependency and influence." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 13017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016613017.
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The paper reveals interrelations between the concepts “economic security”, “economic sustainability”, “development” and “competitiveness” of an enterprise. Based on their consideration, the paper enhances theoretical and methodological principles of establishing competitive innovation development and economic security of an enterprise. Unlike the existing ones, these principles provide for not only alternativeness but also equal significance when choosing between achievement of high levels of competitiveness, development and economic security. Application of the elaborated suggestions enables more objective formation of the policy of management of an enterprise’s innovation development under unstable conditions considering the industrial field and the market position of the enterprise. It is proven that essential elements of enterprises’ sustainable development include innovative activity, production provision, export of science-intensive products and development of high technology services, this providing for efficient levels of enterprises’ economic security and competitiveness. Under conditions of uncertainty, there are some basic functions of an enterprise aimed at enhancing its competitiveness and economic security including the following: achieving the optimal level of an enterprise’s resulting indicators and efficient “income-risk” ratio, innovative activity, ensuring the quality of an enterprise’s intellectual capital, environmental safety and meeting required social standards.
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TLESOVA, Aigul, Saule PRIMBETOVA, Aigul KAZAMBAYEVA, Saltanat YESSENGALIYEVA, and Farida MUKHAMBETKALIYEVA. "Reflections on Sustainable Development Planning in the Agricultural Industry." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.3(27).19.
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In the past few years, we have experienced a transition from the decades-long period of falling real prices of grains, and food more generally, to a new market environment in which commodity and food prices are higher, more volatile and more highly influenced by petroleum prices.
The problems of reaction for price volatility, both in the short- and long-run, are complex and multifaceted. Looking back at the 2007/08 crisis, countries responded through a spectrum of policies, but were largely unprepared, resulting in ad hoc and short-term mechanisms. Countries maintaining food reserves used these to intervene directly in the market to stabilize domestic prices. Many food importing countries reduced import tariffs, while several surplus producing countries limited, or even banned, exports in order to avoid food shortages and further domestic price increases. For whatever actions governments consider taking, it is always important to keep in mind the full set of policy measures, the wider risks and possible responses for the targeted population. The following suggests that choosing appropriate policies requires a deeper understanding of the issues at stake.
This paper analyses the various theoretical approaches to the planning of agricultural and food areas of Kazakhstan. The authors consider that the method of forecast scenarios is the most effective one.
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Kovalenko, N., O. Labenko, V. Kovalenko, and M. Klymenko. "Economic efficiency of winter wheat production on the base of a typical farm of the central region of Ukraine." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 11, no. 2 (September 24, 2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2020.02.025.
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Ukrainian fertile lands and favorable climate conditions provide enormous opportunities for the agricultural sector development and formation of a highly efficient economic cluster. With a practical management approach, the agricultural potential could meet domestic needs and form a significant part of export earnings. The volume and quality of agri-food may satisfy not only internal food security but also contribute to the European, Asian and African. However, due to the longer production cycle compared to industry, agricultural enterprises at the stage of choosing a production program can not anticipate and respond quickly to changes in market conditions, increasing the competitiveness of goods and attractiveness to consumers based on existing production schemes. Therefore, the primary purpose of our study is to create a roadmap of management decisions when planning a production program through efficiency evaluation of growing winter wheat in a typical farm in Central Ukraine. For this purpose, we opt for a methodology based on marginal revenue, total costs, production and profitability thresholds along with payback of production factors. Due to climate change, the importance of growing winter crops is becoming increasingly essential and superior attention should be paid to improving their economic efficiency. Thus, the problem and relevance of the article is due to the requirements for sustainable successful operation of agricultural enterprises in a market environment and, therefore, the feasibility of using available calculation methods to assess the economic efficiency of production to facilitate management decision-making.
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Park, Mary Anne. "A Statewide Assessment of Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors among Blacks toward Donation." Journal of Transplant Coordination 8, no. 1 (March 1998): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999800800106.
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This study is part of a developing statewide campaign to increase donation in the black community. Focus groups were conducted to validate information obtained from a market research firm's telephone survey. Among those surveyed, 86.6% indicated they were in favor of donation; 13.4% indicated they were not. The most common reasons for opposition were religious issues and unfamiliarity with the donation process. Among those who were in favor of donation, 65% were somewhat likely and very likely to donate; 74% were somewhat likely and very likely to give consent for donation of a loved one's organs. When asked where they would expect to learn about donation, respondents overwhelmingly chose the medical community. Respondents also listed cultural sensitivity as a criterion for choosing who would handle the donation request. A campaign to address identified issues has been developed and will be implemented statewide.
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Parfitt, Emma Louise, Emine Erdoğan, Heidi Fritz, Peter M. Ward, Emma Parfitt, Emine Erdogan, Heidi Fritz, and Peter M. Ward. "A Group Interview about Publishing with Professor Jack Zipes." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 4, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v4i1.145.
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The conversation piece is the product of a group interview with Professor Jack Zipes and provides useful insights about publishing for early career researchers across disciplines. Based on his wider experiences as academic and writer, Professor Zipes answered questions from PhD researchers about: writing books, monographs and edited collections; turning a PhD thesis into a monograph; choosing and approaching publishers; and the advantages of editing books and translations. It presents some general advice for writing and publishing aimed at postgraduate students. Professor Zipes is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, United States, a world expert on fairy tales and storytelling highlighting the social and historical dimensions of them. Zipes has forty years of experience publishing academic and mass-market books, editing anthologies, and translating work from French, German and Italian. His best known books are Breaking the Magic Spell (1979), Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion (1983), The Irresistible Fairy Tale: The Cultural and Social History of a Genre (2012), and The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm (2014).
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Chen, Ji, Jinsheng Wang, Tomas Baležentis, Fausta Zagurskaitė, Dalia Streimikiene, and Daiva Makutėnienė. "Multicriteria Approach towards the Sustainable Selection of a Teahouse Location with Sensitivity Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 2926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082926.
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The teahouse market has seen an expansion across various countries. In order to identify the most reasonable paths for development, the choice of location for the outlets needs to account for a number of conflicting criteria. Therefore, the multicriteria approach is required to effectively handle the location selection problem. In this paper, we develop a multicriteria framework for teahouse selection and apply it in the context of Lithuania. The indicator system is set up in order to capture the different aspects of the candidate locations. We also apply two multicriteria decision-making techniques (the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method and the weighted aggregated sum product assessment with normalization (WASPAS-N) method) in order to ensure the robustness of the results. The weights of criteria were determined based on the expert survey. In addition, a Monte Carlo simulation was applied to check the sensitivity in changes of the criterion weights. The empirical application demonstrated validity of the proposed approach in choosing the optimal location of a teahouse.
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Naymushina, A. G., E. M. Bakieva, S. V. Solovieva, N. A. Borodin, and V. L. Kalinina. "Psychophysiological markers of adaptation in men of active working age living in the south and north of the Tyumen region." Medical Science And Education Of Ural 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36361/1814-8999-2020-21-4-35-40.
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The aim. Of the study was to assess the psychophysiological markers of adaptation in men of active working age. Materials and research methods. In two experimental groups, a search for markers of psychophysiological adaptation was carried out: redundant empirical data were collected in 151 patients of the Tyumen clinics; 236 healthy men aged 20 to 35 years were surveyed and the MCTQ chronotype was determined. Results. The article presents the results of a content analysis of the publications of Tyumen scientists who have determined the general trends in the study of adaptation mechanisms in men working and living in the Tyumen region. 4 main approaches to the study of the resource capabilities of the human body are distinguished: anatomical-anthropological, interdisciplinary, chronobiological and integrative. According to the results of the expert mathematical analysis of the data, the leading morphofunctional markers of the human adaptive potential were determined: cholesterol level, body mass index, signs of myocardial hypertrophy, blood pressure level. A model for assessing the adaptive potential of a person under the action of low-intensity background stressors is proposed. Unconscious forms of mental reflection: patriarchal gender stereotype and low level of motivation in choosing a profession, indirectly indicate the low significance of behavioral factors in the development of stress-induced states in men. Conclusion. The significance of subjective methods for assessing the functional state of the human body based on the results of a questionnaire and determining the chronotype of MCTQ is shown. The markers of psychophysiological adaptation in men of active working age were determined: a high level of physical activity, stable hemodynamic parameters against the background of a high level of psychoemotional stress, eating disorders and a lack of night sleep.
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Hasni, Hasni, and Fitria Faradila. "PENENTUAN NEGARA PRIORITAS PENGEMBANGAN ATDAG DAN ITPC MELALUI METODE ANALITYCAL HIERARCHY PROCESS." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v10i1.30.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kriteria-kriteria penentuan negara prioritas untuk pengembangan Atase Perdagangan (Atdag)/Indonesia Trade Promotion Centre (ITPC), dan mengidentifikasi negara-negara prioritas untuk mengembangkan Atdag/ITPC yang sudah ada atau mendirikan Atdag/ITPC yang baru. Metode pengkajian yang digunakan adalah Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data sekunder bersumber dari BPS, Fragile States Index, UN COMTRADE, World Bank dan CEPII. Sedangkan data primer diperoleh dari kegiatan FGD dengan para pelaku ekspor, akademisi dan pejabat Disperindag Jakarta dan Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kriteria yang digunakan dalam pemilihan negara prioritas Atdag dan ITPC secara berturut-turut adalah country risk; commercial infrastructure; market growth; trade complementary index; market intensity; trade openness; dan trade cooperation. Keberadaan Atdag dan ITPC sebagai perwakilan perdagangan berperan penting dalam peningkatan ekspor, sehingga perlu penguatan dan pengembangan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan Atdag dan ITPC di 16 negara prioritas serta pembentukan Atdag dan atau ITPC baru di tiga negara prioritas, yaitu Myanmar, Swedia dan Austria. This study aims to develop the main criteria to determine priority countries for new Trade Attaché/ITPC Representatives and to identify priority countries for further development of the Trade Attaché/ITPC Representatives.This study employs an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The secondary data were collected from the BPS, Fragile States Index, UN COMTRADE, World Bank and CEPII. The primary data were collected from qualitative research using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the stakeholders in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. The results showed that the main criteria for choosing countries for establishing Atdag and ITPC in sequence were country risk, commercial infrastructure, market growth, trade complementary index, market intensity, trade openness, and trade cooperation. The presence of Trade Attaché/ITPC Representative in many countries has an important role in increasing Indonesia’s export. However, further efforts are required to strengthen their roles, particularly in 16 countries. This study recommends to establish trade attaché and or ITPC in three potential countries: Myanmar, Sweden and Austria.
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Yu., Dzhereliuk. "RATIONALE FOR CHOOSING THE METHOD OF ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF SERVICE IN TOURISM ENTERPRISES." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 41 (March 31, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-41-5.
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The article considers the problem of substantiation of management decisions on the choice of method of assessing the quality of service in tourism enterprises to strengthen competitive positions in the market. The existing methods of assessing the quality of service in tourism enterprises are analyzed. The main indicators of service quality assessment are given. It is noted that when forming a system of service quality indicators it is necessary to take into account the specifics of a particular enterprise, the goals of each employee, as well as to ensure the coordination of the existing capabilities of enterprises with its objectives. The criteria that influence the choice of methods for assessing the quality of service are identified: the complexity of implementing the selected methods in the practice of a particular enterprise; the reliability and completeness of the information used for evaluation; time and financial costs for the implementation of the evaluation method; simplicity, clarity and accessibility of the evaluation procedure of each method; variety of service quality indicators. It is stated that the evaluation of the quality of service should be carried out in the context of the relationship between the priority of each evaluation method, taking into account the compliance of all criteria that are more important for him from the point of view of a particular enterprise. It is proposed to use multi-criteria analysis of alternatives in justifying the choice of method of assessing the quality of ser-vice, as this method allows you to clearly rank the available alternatives and choose the best alternative under the existing conditions. An example of approbation of the offered methodical recommendations for the tourist enterprise is presented. The study identified the best option for assessing the quality of service in a tourism enterprise with a specific combination of defined criteria. The results of an expert survey on the quality of services at a tourism enterprise are presented. In order to form a general idea of the level of quality of tourist services and the quality of customer service of the tourism enterprise in further research it is planned to assess the levels of quality of management at tourism enterprises.Keywords: quality of service, evaluation method, evaluation criteria, service quality indicators, multicriteria analysis, tourism enterprise. У статті розглянуто проблему обґрунтування управлінських рішень щодо вибору методу оцінювання якості обслуговування в туристичних підприємствах для посилення конкурентних позицій на ринку. Проаналізовано існуючі методи оцінювання якості об-слуговування в туристичних підприємствах. Наведено основні показники оцінювання якості обслуговування. Визначено критерії, які впливають на вибір методів оцінювання якості обслуговування. Запропоновано використовувати багатокритеріальне аналі-зування альтернатив під час обґрунтування вибору методу оцінювання якості обслуговування. Представлено приклад апробації запропонованих методичних рекомендацій для туристичного підприємства. У межах дослідження визначено найкращий варіант для оцінювання якості обслуговування в туристичному підприємстві за конкретної комбінації визначених критеріїв.Ключові слова: якість обслуговування, метод оцінювання, критерії оцінювання, показники якості обслуговування, багато-критеріальне аналізування, туристичне підприємство.
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Huang, Wei-Ting. "Selection Determinants in College Students’ Financial Tools." International Education Studies 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n2p141.
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<p class="apa">Recently, considerable concern has arisen over the complex financial markets, which are inclined to require more individual responsibility. Accordingly, students have to bear more responsibility for their financial management. Nevertheless, in a sluggish economy with high unemployment, the commercial events during the last decade have rendered the transition into financial independence more challenging for social freshmen. In addition, some statistical information has revealed the negative outgrowth that occurred in the wake of student loans and the reduction of beginning salaries. Given the aforementioned hidden risks of finance and the importance of money management, we thus endeavored to investigate the factors students consider when choosing financial tools. For the sake of providing students with information for reference, we delivered a similar questionnaire to professionals in the field. We used the received data to examine the gap between experts’ views and students’ perceptions and then inferred possible reasons for the comparison results.The AHP serves as the chief instrument for calculating relative importance and weighting the significance of the factors. We sent the questionnaires to 140 college students at National Chiayi University and 20 professionals in the financial field and 20 professionals in financial field. The general results indicate that opinions differ among individual students, and opinions of students are rather different from those of the experts; thus, we propose that financial institutions should take different opinions into consideration when designing their financial products.</p>
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Santiago-Santiago, Karina, Ana Lilia Laureano-Cruces, Jorge Manuel Alejandro Antuñano-Barranco, Oscar Domínguez-Pérez, and Estela Sarmiento-Bustos. "An expert system to improve the functioning of the clothing industry." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-08-2013-0084.
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Purpose – Today the garment industry in México is vulnerable to complex problems. This type of industry is subject to influences which over time, modify the perceptions of those involved in the design process due to the fact that they face problems that have both objective and subjective characteristics. In this study the authors used interviews, direct observation methodology, and theoretical argumentation to obtain the experts knowledge as they describe the problems that arise in the process of garment design for Mexican markets. The purpose of this paper is to generate a methodology so that the expert in this field will become highly specialized, resulting in heightened abilities and reinforcing them with the methodology of soft systems and the design management model (DMM). The results suggest that they are applicable to any area of design. Design/methodology/approach – The success or failure of expert system (ES) depends directly on the acquisition of knowledge (Méndez-Gurrola, 2007, 2012), to accomplish that, three large groups of techniques are used to extract that knowledge: manual, semiautomatic, and automatic. Within the group of manual techniques, interviews, protocol analysis, questionnaires, direct on site observation, and the extraction of closed curves are emphasized. This technique is chosen for its ability to extract the particular type of knowledge being sought. The knowledge of the dominion expert in the design process applied to the clothing industry in México is based on processes and at the same time is episodic, meaning that part of the procedure is automated and each step of the process triggers the next. This knowledge is also based on experience which is of an autobiographical nature. Findings – First, when one simulates human behavior, the hardest thing is to choose a knowledge representation that conforms as closely as possible to its emulation. According to, choosing a given type of knowledge representation is an art that is discovered little by little. And this is true as one designs and assembles a representation, when one realizes how far the authors are from imitating the design of the human brain processes, and discovers or invents methodologies to achieve it, combining the results of investigations into knowledge representation, cognitive psychology, and cognitive engineering. Second, solving any complex situation in the design process function of the clothing industry is no easy task. It requires plenty of experience in the manufacturing process. One needs the ability to identify the signals emitted by complex situations, and being able to stop them in time before they create irreversible damage. By merging the soft system methodology (SSM) and DMM with the experts’ abilities and knowledge (the result being the EXITUS model (EM)), makes knowledge modeling possible. A problem cannot be solved if it is unknown, if the problem persists and grows it becomes more complex. By describing a problem, based on: its origin, its relationship, and its effects, it also confers the ability to solve it. Thereby, an SBC with the characteristics presented in this paper, not only improves the design process function as a whole, it also contributes to achieving corporate success. Finally, it influences directly on: a quality product; market positioning; and good economic results. First, the SBC-EXITUS was tested and endorsed by expert management designers. When a designer identifies a complex problem using the SBC-EXITUS system, he is capable of verifying its existence with facts and real life situations. This enables quicker decision making decisions, which saves time and money, due to the fact that a non-desirable state of affairs may be contemplated in advance. Fourth, in this project an SBC named SBC-EXITUS has been implemented using the SSM and the DMM, with the purpose of detecting possible problems in the design process of the clothing industry. Its implementation is developed by the use of production rules. Fifth, utilizing the methodology and the production rules like knowledge representation technique, make possible to acquire dominion knowledge in complex problems as in the study case clothing industry in México. This approach is also applicable to other areas of design. Practical implications – Utilizing the methodology and the production rules like knowledge representation technique, make possible to acquire dominion knowledge in complex problems as in the study case clothing industry in México. This approach is also applicable to the garment industry in the international context, as well as to other areas of design such as architecture, furniture, and others. The EM is a generic methodology. In this research and case, it has been applied in a design process within the garment industry, specifically in a case in Mexico. Yet this does not limit its use in a different context and problem situation. Having in mind the difference between countries in aspects such as sponsoring, technology, worker skills, marketing, etc. the tools for diagnostics in the Appendix 2, may be adapted to each context with enriched questions directed to specific aspects involved. Every new application allows facts and production rules that make the use of ES more efficient. Social implications – The ES-EXITUS was tested and endorsed by expert management designers. When a designer identifies a complex problem using the ES-EXITUS, he is capable of verifying its existence with facts and real life situations. This enables quicker decision making decisions, which saves time and money, due to the fact that a non-desirable state of affairs may be contemplated in advance. Originality/value – Solving any complex situation in the design process function of the clothing industry is no easy task. It requires plenty of experience in the manufacturing process. One needs the ability to identify the signals emitted by complex situations, and being able to stop them in time before they create irreversible damage. By merging the SSM and DMM with the experts’ abilities and knowledge (the result being the EM), makes knowledge modeling possible. A problem cannot be solved if it is unknown, if the problem persists and grows it becomes more complex. By describing a problem, based on: its origin, its relationship and its effects, it also confers the ability to solve it. Thereby, an SBC with the characteristics presented in this paper, not only improves the design process function as a whole, it also contributes to achieving corporate success. Finally, it influences directly on a quality product, market positioning, and good economic results.