Journal articles on the topic 'Choosing export countries'
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Dimitrova, Boryana V., Daniel Korschun, and Yoto V. Yotov. "When and how country reputation stimulates export volume." International Marketing Review 34, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 377–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-10-2015-0211.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between bilateral country reputation and export volume to the country in which that reputation is held. Design/methodology/approach The unique bilateral data set consists of 861 country pairs. Country reputation measures are from a global survey, in which respondents in 20 countries rate the reputation for products and people of 50 other countries. This data set is then analyzed against actual export data for each country-pair using the well-established structural gravity model of international trade. Findings The authors find that each improvement in a world ranking of a country’s reputation for products (in a target country) is associated with a 2 percent increase in exports to that particular country; the effect is equivalent to the importing country decreasing a tariff by as much as 2.9 percent. Furthermore, the authors find that different aspects of country reputation – for its products and its people – attenuate distinct forms of uncertainty, and thereby stimulate export volume in distinct ways. Research limitations/implications This study shows that the relationship between country reputation and export volume is a substantive and empirically valid topic of study. For public policy makers looking to stimulate exports to a specific country, improving their respective country’s reputation in that country appears to be a viable alternative to other levers (e.g. trade negotiations, free trade agreements). For business leaders at international companies, the findings suggest that companies may consider country reputation as a factor when choosing to which countries they wish to expand. Originality/value The notion that country reputation can contribute to aggregate export volume has intuitive appeal. Yet, aside from research on country-of-origin effects which has concentrated on the individual consumer level, the notion of country reputation contributing to aggregate effects has so far been based mostly on conjecture and anecdotal evidence. This is the only study to the authors’ knowledge that empirically tests this relationship using a bilateral measure of reputation as a determinant of export volume within one of the most successful empirical frameworks, the structural gravity model of international trade. The findings suggest that for many countries, their reputation may contribute to billions of dollars in export volume.
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Ivanova, Maryna, Vasyl Shvets, and Olena Varyanichenko. "FORMATION OF STRATEGIC AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES IN ACCORDANCE WITH TENDENCIES IN EXPORT-IMPORT CHANGES." Economic discourse, no. 4 (December 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-4-5.
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Introduction. The top management of enterprises, as a rule, have to solve several strategic issues when concluding a foreign trade contract, among which the choice of strategic direction of activity and the counterparty country is the highest priority. Methods. General and specific methods of system-structural analysis and synthesis were used to formulate the author's definition of "development strategy", to identify the interrelated stages of the development strategy formation; correlation-regression analysis was applied to determine the correlation density between imports and exports for the countries involved in Ukraine’s foreign trade in metallurgical products. Results. The theoretical study of approaches to the formation of a development strategy has allowed formulating the author's definition that the enterprise development strategy is a long-term plan, which contains complex decisions on choosing the direction of enterprise’s development, defining the major goals and models of actions for the formation and effective use of its potential; it also allows the enterprise to create favourable internal and external conditions for successful completion of the main stages of development. It has been found that analysis, monitoring, diagnostics of external and internal environment are a commonly-accepted component of any process of strategy formation. The results of the correlation between import and export as elements of the system have been obtained; it has been proved that a change in import volumes occurs simultaneously with the proportional change in export volumes. Enterprises will be advised to perform foreign economic activities only with counterparties in the countries for which the correlation coefficient between exports and imports is significant. Discussion. The density of export - import links for individual types of metallurgical products is greater than 0.5, indicating a significant correlation between the two considered features. The foreign economic relations between the metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine and various countries of the world are relatively balanced in the field of exports - imports of certain types of metallurgical products. The obtained results should be taken into account in the formation of a strategy for those metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine, which are to perform or expand their foreign economic activity. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account other factors influencing the resultant indicator, i.e. import, and to introduce advanced methods for their detection and research, which, in turn, will reduce the negative impact of the environment. Keywords. Development strategy, import, export, correlation, foreign economic activity, metallurgical enterprises, metallurgical products.
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Pathak, Gajanan. "Productivity Improvement using Time Study Analysis in a Small-Scale Import-Export Industry." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35038.
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The pattern of economic aggressiveness has exchanged worldwide. Many countries have joined the worldwide economic competition to capture the worldwide market to remain moneymaking and competitive by increasing their production. There are so many factors that influence the efficiency of a manufacturing system. The most widely addressed issue is how to increase production. Motion and time study approach are one of the productivities increasing techniques assist in many manufacturing industries. Productivity plays a significant or significant role in a company. There are many reasons for which productivity decreases, and there are various methods to improve productivity. However, choosing which method to use according to the situation is a wise decision. This study was done in an industry engaged in manufacturing Desk Accessories, Bag, Industrial Tool Kit, Leather Product and Home Furnishing products. The time study data for making the U bag process faster decreases the time taken for making bags and increases the production rate to increase productivity. The data was collected, and significant improvement in changeover time was observed
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Kunitskaya, O. A., I. V. Grigoryev, A. B. Davtyan, V. I. Grigoryev, and T. N. Nguyen. "Technical-and-economic analysis of biofuel production from wood." REPAIR RECONDITIONING MODERNIZATION, no. 12 (December 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-2561-2020-0-12-29-35.
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A variety of plant and animal resources (waste) can be used as biofuel. The use of biofuel is less profitable than fossil fuels, so many countries introduce special subsidies to encourage their consumption. However, to obtain these subsidies, it is necessary to prove that companies, in case of purchasing imported materials, buy them in countries that support the principles of the current climate agreement. Unlike the United States, which left the Paris climate agreement, Russia has ratified it. This means that European companies have a strong economic interest in purchasing biofuel from Russia, and not from the United States. And Russian timber companies are increased in their motivation for the efficient processing of waste of their main production into a popular export product — fuel pellets and briquettes. However, many timber producers are faced with the problem of choosing a particular type of fuel that is optimally produced in specific production conditions. Keywords: wood waste, biofuel, fuel pellet, fuel briquette.
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Матвеєва, О. Ю., and Л. Г. Шевченко. "Analysis of the situation and trends in foreign trade of Dnipropetrovsk region: challenges and opportunities for the sustainable regional growth." Public administration aspects 7, no. 9-10 (November 25, 2019): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151950.
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The article assesses the situation and analyzes the current trends in the development of domestic foreign trade through the case of Dnipropetrovsk region. The analysis is conducted through the lens of identifying challenges and opportunities for the region that are opened up by foreign trade. The impact of the region's foreign trade on its international economic relations in the context of Ukraine's European integration and the deployment of globalization processes is significant. Dnipropetrovsk region is one of the leading exporters and, according to the results of 2018, ranks second place among the regions of Ukraine by the export of goods. Therefore, choosing the region for the study is determined by the importance of the development of international trade in its territories to strengthen the position of Ukraine's international competitiveness. The article identifies and analyzes the indicators of foreign trade of the Dnepropetrovsk region with the world countries, as well as the economic result and effect of it’s influence. The focus is put on assessing and analyzing the dynamics of changes in the structure of export and import of goods. In particular, the tendency of decrease in export of services of Dnepropetrovsk region to the EU countries during 2014-2017 is analyzed as a negative trend. Positive trend visualizes through increasing of this indicator in 2018. Overall, the increase of the number of regional enterprises engaged in the foreign trade of goods was shown. Emphasis is placed on the commodity structure of export. It is composed of ferrous metals (46.3%) and ores, slag and ash (23.2%). The basis of the commodity structure of import is mineral fuels; oil and its distillation products (30.3%), machinery, equipment and mechanisms; electrical equipment (14.4%), chemical products and related industries (11.3%), and precious metals (11%). The dynamics of the change in the export structure indicates a certain slowdown in the process of transition to a ‘new type economy’, which should be based not on direct consumption of resources, but on innovation, knowledge and technology, their application in products and services production. The article is a summary of the situation in the field of foreign trade of the region, which is carried out in the framework of the task of drafting the Strategy of development of Dnipropetrovsk region for the period until 2027.
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Sychevskyi, Mykola, Oleksandr Shpychak, Olha Kovalenko, Oleksandr Kuts, and Olena Bokii. "Trends and prospects for the development of bakery production in European countries." Ekonomika APK 309, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202007054.
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The purpose of the article is to assess the development trends of the production of bakery products in the countries of the European space and the possibilities of the national industry to strengthen its positions in the domestic and foreign markets. Research methods. The research used the methods of theoretical generalizations, dynamical, statistical comparisons and groupings to analyze trends in the development of bakery production and assess the development of individual countries according to the selected system of indicators; economic and statistical analysis to determine the level of mutual influence of factors and forecast estimates. Research results. On the basis of the proposed methodological approach and the selected system of indicators, trends in the development of the bakery industry in European countries are studied. The mutual influence of factors of the macroeconomic environment on the development of bakery production has been determined, in particular: total income from product sales; capital investment; GDP per capita; wages; exchange rate. The influence of economic globalization on the expansion of exports of bakery products is revealed. The dynamics of production and export of bakery products is estimated. Based on the experience of developed countries and existing trends, the author suggests ways of developing the national bakery market. Scientific novelty. The market shares of manufacturers in the bakery market and the share of industrial products in the total consumption of bread products in Ukraine, the influence of price factors on the formation of demand for bread and flour in European countries have been established. It has been substantiated that the main trends of the European bakery market, which will continue in the future, are: an increase in the total volume of industrial production in the EU as a whole; growing demand for functional types of products, production of flour mixtures for the needs of bakery enterprises for a given range of bakery products; diffusion of innovations in consumer packaging and semi-finished products; preservation of national traditions of consumption of flour products. The article reveals the dependence of the total income of the bakery industry on the volume of capital investment, growth in average wages and the volume of gross domestic product per capita, which is typical for Ukraine and developing countries. Practical significance. Designed for experts in the field of economics of the food industry and the bakery industry, scientific workers, teachers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions. The results of the study can be used by specialists to assess the level of development of bakery production in individual countries of the European space, by government officials when choosing directions for food policy, by researchers to expand the scope of research. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 7. Refs.: 39.
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Ngoc-Huy, Dinh Tran, Nguyen Thi Hang, Le Thi Thanh-Huong, and Pham Van Hong. "FOOD AND DRINK PROCESSING FROM LYCHEE PRODUCTS IN THE NORTHERN PROVINCES OF VIETNAM - AND ROLES OF AGRICULTURE PROJECT FINANCING." Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío 33, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol33n1.555.
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The purpose of this study focuses on presenting the food and drink process in the case of making lychee juice and lychee-tea combination fruit juice in a tropical country such as Vietnam. We mainly use methods of qualitative analysis, synthesis and inductive methods, with description and explanatory methods. Authors also use a value chain approach from a material supply (lychee products) to production and market distribution.Research results show us that choosing good red lychee together with good green or black tea, esp. Lipton tea, which is produced from the region of material supplying in the Northern region of Vietnam, then mixed with sugar and ice, using little vegetables will be very good for everybody health, functioning as medical treatment to prevent heart disease, and helps men and women stronger.In the meantime, we also propose lychee and tea planting policies and capital financing policies in the country, esp. In the north of Vietnam. For instance, the nation needs to continue to negotiate with countries that have not yet allowed Vietnam’s fresh lychee to be imported into developed countries (such as Korea, ...); The state/province cooperates with donors and businesses in trade promotion activities in potential export markets for Vietnamese lychee and fruit products (Japan, Korea, US, EU, ASEAN…).
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Hasni, Hasni, and Fitria Faradila. "PENENTUAN NEGARA PRIORITAS PENGEMBANGAN ATDAG DAN ITPC MELALUI METODE ANALITYCAL HIERARCHY PROCESS." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v10i1.30.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kriteria-kriteria penentuan negara prioritas untuk pengembangan Atase Perdagangan (Atdag)/Indonesia Trade Promotion Centre (ITPC), dan mengidentifikasi negara-negara prioritas untuk mengembangkan Atdag/ITPC yang sudah ada atau mendirikan Atdag/ITPC yang baru. Metode pengkajian yang digunakan adalah Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data sekunder bersumber dari BPS, Fragile States Index, UN COMTRADE, World Bank dan CEPII. Sedangkan data primer diperoleh dari kegiatan FGD dengan para pelaku ekspor, akademisi dan pejabat Disperindag Jakarta dan Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kriteria yang digunakan dalam pemilihan negara prioritas Atdag dan ITPC secara berturut-turut adalah country risk; commercial infrastructure; market growth; trade complementary index; market intensity; trade openness; dan trade cooperation. Keberadaan Atdag dan ITPC sebagai perwakilan perdagangan berperan penting dalam peningkatan ekspor, sehingga perlu penguatan dan pengembangan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan Atdag dan ITPC di 16 negara prioritas serta pembentukan Atdag dan atau ITPC baru di tiga negara prioritas, yaitu Myanmar, Swedia dan Austria. This study aims to develop the main criteria to determine priority countries for new Trade Attaché/ITPC Representatives and to identify priority countries for further development of the Trade Attaché/ITPC Representatives.This study employs an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The secondary data were collected from the BPS, Fragile States Index, UN COMTRADE, World Bank and CEPII. The primary data were collected from qualitative research using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the stakeholders in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. The results showed that the main criteria for choosing countries for establishing Atdag and ITPC in sequence were country risk, commercial infrastructure, market growth, trade complementary index, market intensity, trade openness, and trade cooperation. The presence of Trade Attaché/ITPC Representative in many countries has an important role in increasing Indonesia’s export. However, further efforts are required to strengthen their roles, particularly in 16 countries. This study recommends to establish trade attaché and or ITPC in three potential countries: Myanmar, Sweden and Austria.
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Emami, Amir Reza, and Fatemeh Zare. "Iran And Yemen; Study the Reflection of The Islamic Revolution of Iran On Yemen And Its Results." Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/jarss.v3i3.519.
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The Islamic Revolution of Iran took place in 1789. Undoubtedly, this revolution had repercussions on its peripheral and semi-peripheral countries, and one of the semi-peripheral countries of Iran that were affected by the revolution was Yemen. Yemen changed with the beginning of the Arab Spring and protest movements were formed in it, the content of which was very close to the foundations of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. These protests led to the revolution and eventually to the victory of the Houthi movement in Yemen and the Ansar Allah movement. But what are the consequences of this event in Yemen in Yemen and the Islamic Republic of Iran? The purpose of this study is to check the results of the export of the Iranian revolution in Yemen. The research findings show that the Islamic Revolution of Iran was exported to Yemen and a very close relationship was established between Yemen and the Islamic Republic. The Yemeni revolution has had very positive results for the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran, like the addition of Yemen to the axis of resistance, resistance to Saudi Islam, etc., but to the results that happened to Yemen itself, we can become independent. Yemen touched on freedom of action in deciding and choosing its destiny. Yemen is embroiled in a bloody war that is still going on, and the living and economic situation of the people in Yemen is worse than before. The method of the present study is qualitative and based on the analytical description.
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Suvorova, V. A., and I. A. Bronnikov. "International educational migration as a “soft power resource” in the globalization era." Upravlenie 7, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-131-139.
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The international educational migration as a resource of «soft power» of the state has been analyzed in the article. Based on comprehensive analysis of the existing definitions of educational migration the author’s interpretation of this concept have been proposed. Based on the data of UNESCO, the Institute of international education of the United States, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation the statistics of international educational migration has been presented and analyzed. The main emphasis has been made on such categories of international educational migrants as students (bachelors, masters), postgraduate students. The reasons for the popularity of foreign students in countries such as Canada and the United States have been described. Based on the study two groups of factors have been highlighted: external and internal (motivational) factors, influencing decision-making in choosing the country of study.Based on the data of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the advantages of education in Russia have been analyzed. The issue of adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities has been considered: first-year curatorial programs, the Institute of student fellowships. It has been concluded hat Russian universities have a wealth of experience in teaching and adaptation of foreign students.The concepts and projects to attract foreign students to the Russian Federation also have been described in detail. Special attention to two projects “5–100” and “Export of Russian education” has been paid. The Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States Affairs, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) as one of the main institutions in the export of Russian education has been designated. The measures to attract foreign students to Russian universities have been proposed.
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Golomidova, P. S. "Factors of international student migration from Tajikistan to Russia. Case of Northern (Arctic) Federal University." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 5 (May 2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.05-21.097.
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Analyzed is the problem of growing importance of international educational migration, associated not only with the increase in the number of international students, but also with the growing political, economic and cultural influence of educational migration as process. One of the most perspective countries in the sphere of Russian higher education export is the Republic of Tajikistan. The aim of the article is to present the results of study of the factors, that have influenced on student migration from Tajikistan to Russia. The author conducts a survey based on an analysis of key statistical data from the Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, as well as a questionnaire survey, semi-formalized interviews with NArFU students from Tajikistan, as well as participant observation in the framework of professional activities. Within the study information channels about higher education opportunities were analyzed, alternative educational destinations were identified, and an analysis of the factors of student migration to Russia and Russian university (NArFU) was carried out. According to the results of the study, it is found that different factors form student migration in general: the initial interest to study abroad, approved by the family in case of positive experience of relatives, studying abroad, while key factors for studying in Russia include possibility of getting quality education with scholarship support. The decision-making process of choosing the university is influenced by the demand for an educational program, career prospects, university ranking, however, the combination of the factors can vary significantly. The authors consider the importance of the ethno-cultural specifics of the region in analyzing the flows of student migration, as well as during the university activities of developing the export of higher educational programs to Tajikistan.
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Mohammed, I. M. M., and V. Pizengolts. "Activity of oil companies of Iraq and their role in the world economy." Upravlenie 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-38-46.
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Сurrently, oil market remains one of the most demanded types of energy resources, the trade of which can be called the most important element of modern world economic relations.The global market for oil and oil products is characterized by high volatility, which requires the development of various strategies for insuring financial losses. Futures contracts are one of the main market financial risk management tools. Companies face the challenge of choosing the optimal hedging strategy. Will this strategy be used solely to hedge prices or will it become part of a wider market strategy.Another specific feature of the oil market is the participation of foreign companies in the exploration of oil fields in developing countries. Since the Iraqi oil market is currently in dire need of investment in technological infrastructure, the problem of attracting and operating foreign companies is also very topical for Iraq, and such relations themselves are also unstable and are influenced by many internal and external factors. The global energy sector is undergoing fundamental changes. At the same time, Iraq today has the most favorable opportunities for solving its economic problems, both shortterm and long-term. Iraq has a huge oil potential, largely unrealized, while possessing significant explored and undiscovered reserves. However, the oil and gas industry in Iraq requires the restoration and achievement of a stable export flow after the crisis period for it. Moreover, refineries need modernization, which requires significant financial costs.
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Gugnin, A. M., and Y. A. Lisnevska. "Fidel Castro - manager and marketologist of the revolution." Public administration aspects 6, no. 8 (September 5, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151841.
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The article is devoted to the problems of political leadership. Currently, the leaders of many countries in Europe, Asia and America claim to be the true leaders of their countries. As everyone knows, not everyone succeeds. The authors of this publication have attempted to determine the determinants and parameters of a successful manager of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, choosing an unusual example - the Cuban, by no means the democrat, the partriot of his country, Comandante en Jefe by Fidel Castro. The article shows how, as a result of bold management decisions and the use of marketing technologies, this politician achieved complete independence of his small and weak country. The influence of the personality of Fidel Castro on the historical and political processes in Latin America and the system of relations between the socialist countries is examined. A description is given of the stages of the emergence of socialism in Cuba and the successful actions of the leader of the country to protect the achievements of the world socialist system after it disintegrated. It is pointed out that unlike European countries, socialism was not brought to Cuba on bayonets - it was an informed and free choice. An estimation is given to the creative methods used by Castro to overcome the crisis in the early 90s - the rectification and philosophy of the special period, and also the results of their application in some branches of the national economy-pharmacology, medicine, and tourism. It is established that the politician successfully proved the viability of fidelism, transferring power to Raul Castro. It is shown that Castro also allowed serious miscalculations in managerial activity, such as the policy of exporting the revolution and participation in drug trafficking, which led to numerous victims and loss of prestige of the country. The authors argue that Castro did not understand the laws of social development and the inevitability of the development of democracy, in the marketing plane he was interested only in the market, on the basis that the material and human resources of Cuba are very limited, and before the revolution, economic activity in the country was limited to the production and export of sugar. After adopting Soviet methods of governing the country - long-term plans, socialist competition, the celebration of numerous anniversaries, Castro did not take into account that this was alien to the mentality of the Cubans.
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Fomichenko, I., Ye Myronenko, V. Shashko, Ye Bolotina, and І. Stashkevych. "INVESTMENT COOPERATION AND PRODUCTION COOPERATION OF UKRAINE AND THE EU." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, no. 36 (February 17, 2021): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.228025.
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The aim of the article is to study the investment cooperation and production cooperation of Ukraine with the countries of the European Union in the context of global integration processes. In the process of research the following general scientific and applied research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction — in the process of choosing environmental factors that affect the investment activity of machine-building enterprises; systematization and generalization — in the process of conducting export-import operations of Ukraine with EU countries; monographic methods — for in-depth study of the tasks; abstract-logical methods — for theoretical generalization of research results and formulation of conclusions and proposals. An approach to the analysis of investment cooperation and production cooperation of Ukraine and the EU in the context of global integration processes based on the use of PEST-analysis of external factors affecting the activities of machine-building enterprises and SWOT-analysis of competitive advantages of machine-building enterprises of Ukraine, which identifies strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment in relation to the opportunities and threats of the external environment and to suggest potential directions for the development of their foreign economic activity in the context of European integration. The practical significance lies in the development of proposals to minimize the negative impact of external factors of enterprises, including reorientation to the production of high-tech and innovative products, changes in tax policy, public administration, as well as accelerating the modernization of fixed assets, stimulating innovation and promoting high-tech products, which will increase the level of competitiveness of machine-building enterprises, both domestically and in the foreign market. Originality lies in substantiating the structural elements of the approach to the analysis of investment cooperation and production cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the context of global integration processes, which determine ways to minimize the negative impact of factors on the competitiveness of machine-building enterprises ensuring the re-equipment of many high-tech science-intensive industries.
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Османов, Zhasym Osmanov, Константинов, and Artem Konstantinov. "System of economic safety threat of the national economy in the current economic conditions." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11283.
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This article from the perspective of the typology of threats to economic security analysis of the current state of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is held. The authors investigated the relationship of category "economic security" with other categories, such as "danger", "challenge". As a result, it was concluded that these paired safety categories are useful to be defined as the possibility of negative effects on the economic system. In today´s economy of Kazakhstan a number of challenges of the XXI century are highlighted, leading to a fundamental change in the conditions of existence of human civilization. The authors proved that any factor that speeds up or slows down economic growth to some extent acts as threats or determinant of economic security. Under these circumstances, the most urgent is to examine the content of threats to economic security. The most common typology is the distinction between threats into external and internal ones, to the classification of threats within these types there is a large number of points of view. The author suggests the total system of threats of economic security of the national economy, formed on the basis of a study of classifications of different authors. In the analysis of external threats special attention is paid to the country´s foreign economic position. For Kazakhstan, this position is of crucial importance, since it is necessary to fight for the actual, not declared, economic independence. Key threats to the economic security of the Republic of Kazakhstan are defined: the raw nature of export activities; priority of foreign firms when choosing control subjects; high financial dependence on other countries; low level of infrastructure provision of foreign trade activ-ity as a deterrent to attract foreign investments. The most significant internal threats are: high levels of structural deformation of the economy; low level of competitiveness; lack of scientific and technical potential; monopolization of the economic sector; low investment activity and priority in investing in brokering and financial activities, but not in production.
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ROMÁN, MARÍA VICTORIA, IÑAKI ARTO, ALBERTO ANSUATEGI, and IBON GALARRAGA. "THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF TIED AID AND LOCAL CONTENT REQUIREMENTS FOR CLIMATE FINANCE." Climate Change Economics 11, no. 01 (December 20, 2019): 2050002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007820500025.
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The Paris Agreement states that from 2020 developed countries will mobilize at least USD 100 billion per year to support climate action in developing countries. The attainment of this objective involves decisions by donor countries about the channel and destination of climate finance disbursements. This paper explores how the spending conditions associated to different disbursement options can affect the opportunities for donors to expand their exports. In particular, using a Multiregional Input-Output Model, it finds that donors have an economic incentive for choosing bilateral channels that enable to tie aid to the detriment of multilateral ones, such as the Green Climate Fund. On the other hand, local content requirements imposed by recipient countries do not substantially affect donors’ exports, since they do not reduce intermediate exports, which represent a relevant share of the total exports generated by the mitigation and adaptation actions analysed.
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Smith, C., M. Ogutu, M. Munjuri, and J. Kagwe. "The Effects of Foreign Market Entry Strategies on Financial Performance of Listed Multinational Firms in Kenya." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.3.517.
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The objective of this study was to establish the effects of foreign market entry strategies on the financial performance of listed multinational firms in Kenya. Internationalization theory was used as the theoretical foundation of the study. Empirical studies reviewed revealed that several studies had been done on the direct relationship between performance of multinational firms and their modes of entry into foreign firms. However, none of these studies focused on the financial performance of listed multinational firms. The study utilised a cross-sectional descriptive design. Secondary data collected from firms’ annual reports and financial statements for a period of four years (2014 to 2017) was used. The firms’ financial indicators of Sales Growth, Return on Equity, Return on Assets and Return on Capital Employed were employed to measure their performance. Franchising, exporting, wholly owned subsidiary and acquisitions were assessed as the entry strategies used by multinational firms. Data was collected from all the 62 listed multinational companies in Kenya and analysed using quantitative methods. This analysis was most preferred for data collected was quantitative in nature. The relationship between the independent and the dependent variable was tested using simple linear regression. The results show that the performance of multinational firms operating through franchises and as wholly owned subsidiaries as well as acquisitions was lower than the performance of multinationals operating as export companies. The study concludes that the mode of entry into foreign markets chosen by a firm significantly affected its financial performance in the said market. It is therefore recommended that multinational firms wishing to expand their operations globally to come up with long term strategies that have gone through rigorous scrutiny for the benefit of the firm. The study gave a contextual understanding of the internationalization theory. The theory managed to emphasize on reasons why multinational firms should expand their operations beyond their national boundaries. Actual ingredients for policy makers to undertake a well thought through policy formulation to fully understand the importance of choosing the right entry strategy was provided for in the results. Recommendations of the study are that a thorough marketing evaluation of the country of interest should be undertaken to ensure that proper measures are put in place for the selection of an entry strategy that will address the goals and objectives of a firm. The study also recommends that employees of a firm who are at the forefront in the internationalization process should be well informed and trained ahead of the firm’s plans. Policy makers and advisories in countries are advised to streamline the processes of foreign firms’ registration so to attract foreign investors.
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Ming, Long Chiau, Noorazrina Untong, Nur Amalina Aliudin, Norliza Osili, Nurolaini Kifli, Ching Siang Tan, Khang Wen Goh, et al. "Mobile Health Apps on COVID-19 Launched in the Early Days of the Pandemic: Content Analysis and Review." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): e19796. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19796.
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Background Mobile health (mHealth) app use is a major concern because of the possible dissemination of misinformation that could harm the users. Particularly, it can be difficult for health care professionals to recommend a suitable app for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) education and self-monitoring purposes. Objective This study aims to analyze and evaluate the contents as well as features of COVID-19 mobile apps. The findings are instrumental in helping health care professionals to identify suitable mobile apps for COVID-19 self-monitoring and education. The results of the mobile apps’ assessment could potentially help mobile app developers improve or modify their existing mobile app designs to achieve optimal outcomes. Methods The search for the mHealth apps available in the android-based Play Store and the iOS-based App Store was conducted between April 18 and May 5, 2020. The region of the App Store where we performed the search was the United States, and a virtual private network app was used to locate and access COVID-19 mobile apps from all countries on the Google Play Store. The inclusion criteria were apps that are related to COVID-19 with no restriction in language type. The basic features assessment criteria used for comparison were the requirement for free subscription, internet connection, education or advisory content, size of the app, ability to export data, and automated data entry. The functionality of the apps was assessed according to knowledge (information on COVID-19), tracing or mapping of COVID-19 cases, home monitoring surveillance, online consultation with a health authority, and official apps run by health authorities. Results Of the 223 COVID-19–related mobile apps, only 30 (19.9%) found in the App Store and 28 (44.4%) in the Play Store matched the inclusion criteria. In the basic features assessment, most App Store (10/30, 33.3%) and Play Store (10/28, 35.7%) apps scored 4 out of 7 points. Meanwhile, the outcome of the functionality assessment for most App Store apps (13/30, 43.3%) was a score of 3 compared to android-based apps (10/28, 35.7%), which scored 2 (out of the maximum 5 points). Evaluation of the basic functions showed that 75.0% (n=36) of the 48 included mobile apps do not require a subscription, 56.3% (n=27) provide symptom advice, and 41.7% (n=20) have educational content. In terms of the specific functions, more than half of the included mobile apps are official mobile apps maintained by a health authority for COVID-19 information provision. Around 37.5% (n=18) and 31.3% (n=15) of the mobile apps have tracing or mapping and home monitoring surveillance functions, respectively, with only 17% (n=8) of the mobile apps equipped with an online consultation function. Conclusions Most iOS-based apps incorporate infographic mapping of COVID-19 cases, while most android-based apps incorporate home monitoring surveillance features instead of providing focused educational content on COVID-19. It is important to evaluate the contents and features of COVID-19 mobile apps to guide users in choosing a suitable mobile app based on their requirements.
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Shagaida, N., and V. Uzun. "Food embargo and choice of priorities." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2016): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-7-93-105.
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In this paper the authors clarify the concept of “national interest”, for the sake of which the embargo on food deliveries to Russia was introduced on August 7, 2014. Its impact on Russian agricultural producers, consumers and countries under embargo has been estimated. We find that the embargo had a positive effect on producers of agricultural products and a negative one on consumers. The economies of the countries under embargo have not suffered in general - the share of food in their exports increased as they managed to reorient them on other markets. In Russia the effect of the embargo was influenced by ruble devaluation which encouraged consumers to choose domestic food instead of imported one as less expensive. Growth of Russian production, especially meat, in conditions of decrease of solvent demand has led to changes in price trends. The possibility of food reexport to Russia has become an external positive effect of the embargo for other countries. Using other priorities when choosing countersanctions could make them more targeted having less negative impact on the population of Russia.
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Wang, Xu, JinRong Wang, and Michal Fečkan. "BP Neural Network Calculus in Economic Growth Modelling of the Group of Seven." Mathematics 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8010037.
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In this paper, the adaptive lasso method is used to screen variables, and different neural network models of seven countries are established by choosing variables. Gross domestic product (GDP) is a function of land area in the country, cultivated land, population, enrollment rate, total capital formation, exports of goods and services, and the general government’s final consumption of collateral and broad money. Based on the empirical analysis of the above factors from 1973 to 2016, the results show that the BP neural network model has better performance based on multiple summary statistics, without increasing the number of parameters and better predicting short-term GDP. In addition, the change and the error of the model are small and have a certain reference value.
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Nakhaei, Jalal, Mahdi Bitarafan, and Shahin Lale Arefi. "CHOOSING THE BEST URBAN TUNNELS AS SAFE SPACE IN CRISIS USING AHP METHOD: A CASE STUDY IN IRAN." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2015.1056439.
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In recent decades, experiences resulted from Modern wars have shown that aggressive armies have targeted vital and sensitive resources of the other countries in order to decrease their expenses in one hand and increase damages in other hand, defending countries transmit their critical and sensitive facilities to safe underground spaces in order to reduce damages, and experience has shown that underground spaces receive the least damage. This study tries to examine and prioritize Tehran tunnels as undergroundsafe spaces at crisis times regarding their structural parameters and also civil defense arrangements. It could accelerate the selection and creation of underground-safe spaces at crisis and it also can decrease construction and maintenance costs. This study has used AHP method to evaluate Tehran tunnels. In this regard five indices have been chosen by asking experts in the related fields and to evaluate and select a proper way to choose the best one as an urban-safe space. Finally, the investigated tunnels are prioritized as Tohid weighted as 0.349, Niyayesh weighted as 0.279, Resalat weighted as 0.197 and finally Amir Kabir weighted as 0.164 respectively that showed Tohid tunnel is the best urban-safe space and, Niyayesh, Resalat and Amir Kabir tunnels take the next places in the ranking, respectively.
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Chi, Y.-Ling, Mark Blecher, Kalipso Chalkidou, Anthony Culyer, Karl Claxton, Ijeoma Edoka, Amanda Glassman, et al. "What next after GDP-based cost-effectiveness thresholds?" Gates Open Research 4 (November 30, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13201.1.
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Public payers around the world are increasingly using cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) to assess the value-for-money of an intervention and make coverage decisions. However, there is still much confusion about the meaning and uses of the CET, how it should be calculated, and what constitutes an adequate evidence base for its formulation. One widely referenced and used threshold in the last decade has been the 1-3 GDP per capita, which is often attributed to the Commission on Macroeconomics and WHO guidelines on Choosing Interventions that are Cost Effective (WHO-CHOICE). For many reasons, however, this threshold has been widely criticised; which has led experts across the world, including the WHO, to discourage its use. This has left a vacuum for policy-makers and technical staff at a time when countries are wanting to move towards Universal Health Coverage. This article seeks to address this gap by offering five practical options for decision-makers in low- and middle-income countries that can be used instead of the 1-3 GDP rule, to combine existing evidence with fair decision-rules or develop locally relevant CETs. It builds on existing literature as well as an engagement with a group of experts and decision-makers working in low, middle and high income countries.
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TLESOVA, Aigul, Saule PRIMBETOVA, Aigul KAZAMBAYEVA, Saltanat YESSENGALIYEVA, and Farida MUKHAMBETKALIYEVA. "Reflections on Sustainable Development Planning in the Agricultural Industry." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.3(27).19.
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In the past few years, we have experienced a transition from the decades-long period of falling real prices of grains, and food more generally, to a new market environment in which commodity and food prices are higher, more volatile and more highly influenced by petroleum prices.
The problems of reaction for price volatility, both in the short- and long-run, are complex and multifaceted. Looking back at the 2007/08 crisis, countries responded through a spectrum of policies, but were largely unprepared, resulting in ad hoc and short-term mechanisms. Countries maintaining food reserves used these to intervene directly in the market to stabilize domestic prices. Many food importing countries reduced import tariffs, while several surplus producing countries limited, or even banned, exports in order to avoid food shortages and further domestic price increases. For whatever actions governments consider taking, it is always important to keep in mind the full set of policy measures, the wider risks and possible responses for the targeted population. The following suggests that choosing appropriate policies requires a deeper understanding of the issues at stake.
This paper analyses the various theoretical approaches to the planning of agricultural and food areas of Kazakhstan. The authors consider that the method of forecast scenarios is the most effective one.
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Hajiheydari, Nastaran, Seyed Behnam Khakbaz, and Hamidreza Farhadi. "Proposing a Business Model in Healthcare Industry." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 8, no. 2 (April 2013): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2013040104.
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In modern-day developing countries, there are certain key problems in the healthcare system that adds to a patient’s confusion. An example of these difficulties relates to choosing an appropriate medical specialty and among specialists. Owing to the lack of structural healthcare services, there is the need for guidance in selecting the most appropriate diagnosis and medicine for patients with various symptoms or physical disabilities, the need to educate patients on self-treatment procedures, the need to reduce the high cost of treatment and diagnosis, the need to address boring procedures of diagnosis and treatment, the lack of adequate strategic planning due to the absence of valuable information about patients, the problems connected with unnecessary traffic congestion, and many more. Together, these problems create a great opportunity for the expert analysts to ameliorate the healthcare system in these countries by applying new methods, such as using web-based programs and data mining (DM). This article focuses on the use of software, healthcare data warehouse and the application of DM to generate models for solving the aforementioned problems.
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Buzuverova, O. O., V. K. Fedyaeva, and O. A. Sukhorukikh. "Developing clinical guidelines and assessing the quality of medical care using the RAND/UCLA method." FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.4.327-332.
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Introduction. The RAND/UCLA system is commonly used in healthcare economics as it allows one to consider both the relevant scientific data and the opinion of leading experts for deciding on the specifics of medical care.Objective. To analyze the recommendations and practical aspects of the RAND/UCLA and the international experience in using this method; to analyze the feasibility of its application in the Russian Federation, including the basic documents regulating the national medical care.Materials and methods. We analyzed the information available in the RAND corporation website and the PubMed bibliographic database.Results. An analysis of the original information provided by the developers of the RAND/UCLA method showed that using this method involves several stages: selecting a subject to be further studied, reviewing the scientific literature on this subject, choosing the expert commission, and preparing documents for its work; the voting stage is followed by a voting results analysis. The international experience on the applications of the RAND/UCLA method in healthcare demonstrates the successful use of this method in different countries. The use of the RAND/UCLA method in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation can contribute to improving the quality of medical care and the rational use of healthcare resources.Discussion. Currently, the RAND/UCLA method is internationally used to develop clinical guidelines, criteria for assessing the quality of medical care, and feasibility of medical interventions.Concusion. In the Russian Federation, the application of the RAND/UCLA method can prove useful for developing clinical guidelines and related documentation.
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Sayah Mofazali, Ardeshir, and Katayoun Jahangiri. "Towards a customized foresight model on “disaster risk management” in developing countries." foresight 20, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-01-2018-0002.
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PurposeThe human efforts to be prepared better for the future challenges of natural disasters go back ages. Natural disasters occur when a natural event, such as an earthquake, triggers the social vulnerability. These natural disasters kill thousands of people worldwide annually and cause economic losses in millions of dollars. Moreover, the global cost of natural disasters has increased substantially, and mega-disasters occur when the need for recovery truly becomes national or international. There are several trends in nature and society, which suggest that this pattern may continue, with mega-disasters occurring more frequently in the future. In the past 100 years, the number of disasters and the number of people affected by these disasters have exponentially up surged. Thus, there is no other way to improve preparedness in a meaningful or diverse future-oriented manner.Design/methodology/approachThis paper focuses on how to design and customize a conceptual foresight model in “disaster risk management” in Iran, and offers an executive model to help decision-makers in disaster management, through which an appropriate practical framework for the implementation of foresight has been developed.FindingThe model has presented a possible framework for implementing a foresight practice within the context of disaster management. This paper particularly addresses different elements of a customized model, developed through a substantial literature review and comparative study for defining the suitable model in the disaster management context. The final model is validated using two rounds of the Delphi method, with the participation of national disaster management experts, practitioners and scientists.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the whole model could be used all around the world, the main source of data validating the proposed model is limited to the expert’s opinions in a developing country (I. R. Iran.) and the geographical conditions of Iran are considered as a core of attention in response to natural disasters. Based on the indicators for choosing Delphi participants and experts, only 43 qualified experts are selected to validate the model. The main focus of this research is on natural disasters issues.Practical implicationsThis study showed that while there has been a scattered global effort to recognize the increasing uncertainties in diverse disciplines, very little work in academic foresight has been undertaken to identify how it could be implemented. In particular, a series of factors in foresight processes is identified based on the comparative study and some additional elements are added to precisely identify the disaster management context and the most suitable model for national foresight implementation in disaster management.Originality/valueThe main value of this research paper is to clarify the exact relationship between the two interdisciplinary fields; the relationship between the key concepts of “futures studies” and “disaster management” has been thoroughly established. Also, a specific conceptual model for enriching the “pre-foresight” stage and selecting a proper “foresight approach” in “disaster management” is provided. This model has been validated through two rounds of the Delphi method. Finally, a cumulative framework of foresight patterns that includes the new model is presented to be applied in areas especially related to “natural disaster management”.
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Warner, Mary. "OP124 Disinvestment – A Global Challenge Requiring Collaboration?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319001570.
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IntroductionAustralia has had some success at utilizing Health Technology Assessment (HTA) to disinvest and reassess medical services. This has been achieved through a range of methods including identifying services through initiatives such as ‘Choosing Wisely’, examining real world service data and seeking expert clinical opinion. This presentation will discuss how better international collaboration in disinvestment and reassessment methods using HTA could lead to more efficient health care systems.MethodsBoth the Australian and South Korean governments have a particular interest in disinvestment and reassessment in their health care systems. These countries have been sharing information over the past two years with a common goal of improving their health systems through a rigorous reassessment process. The Australian Government is in the process of reviewing all publicly funded services utilizing expert clinical committee advice, often referring the reassessment of services to a HTA process. A similar process is also being undertaken in South Korea.ResultsAustralia has disinvested in a wide range of services using HTA, including hip arthroscopy, lipectomy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. It is also undertaking an extensive reassessment of 5,700 services. Reassessment may not lead to HTA, but it often includes an examination of whether a service should be subjected to HTA to remain publicly funded. Australia and South Korea have similar approaches in undertaking disinvestment and reassessment. HTA disinvestment and reassessment strategies have generated good outcomes for consumers, health care providers and funders in both countries.ConclusionsDisinvestment and reassessment of medical services require funders that support the continual improvement of health care systems. Disinvestment and reassessment HTA can be difficult, mainly due to external interests - an issue experienced by many countries. Further international collaboration in this area may provide a more supportive environment to undertake HTA for disinvestment.
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Chen, Ji, Jinsheng Wang, Tomas Baležentis, Fausta Zagurskaitė, Dalia Streimikiene, and Daiva Makutėnienė. "Multicriteria Approach towards the Sustainable Selection of a Teahouse Location with Sensitivity Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 2926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082926.
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The teahouse market has seen an expansion across various countries. In order to identify the most reasonable paths for development, the choice of location for the outlets needs to account for a number of conflicting criteria. Therefore, the multicriteria approach is required to effectively handle the location selection problem. In this paper, we develop a multicriteria framework for teahouse selection and apply it in the context of Lithuania. The indicator system is set up in order to capture the different aspects of the candidate locations. We also apply two multicriteria decision-making techniques (the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method and the weighted aggregated sum product assessment with normalization (WASPAS-N) method) in order to ensure the robustness of the results. The weights of criteria were determined based on the expert survey. In addition, a Monte Carlo simulation was applied to check the sensitivity in changes of the criterion weights. The empirical application demonstrated validity of the proposed approach in choosing the optimal location of a teahouse.
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Koshel, O. "TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAGNETO-OPTICAL IMAGING METHOD IN THE RESEARCH OF RELIEF SIGNS OF THE METAL OBJECTS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 746–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.55.
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The study of relief marking of metal objects is one of the constantly demanded areas of expert research, especially for objects such as weapons and vehicles. The question of choosing a research method for these objects, which is constantly topical for an expert, acquires particular relevance in the case of rare and historical objects, new expensive products. In the last decade, a non-destructive method of magneto-optical imaging, which was developed at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute more than 20 years ago, has been successfully applied abroad for these studies in 40 countries. During this time, the technical implementation of the method has been developed, the technical components of the complex have been significantly improved and changed. In 2008 basing on the results of practical application on specially designed test objects, including those with three thicknesses of paint coatings, the developers carried out studies in which they assessed the sensitivity of magnetic powder, electrochemical and magneto-optical methods. Obtained results demonstrated a higher sensitivity of the magneto-optical method for thin-walled objects and the sensitivity for thick-walled objects is not worse than other methods. Practical application of the modern REGULA 7517 complex in expert studies under various operating conditions confirms its high sensitivity, testifies to the high speed of operation, reliability, autonomy of the complex and wide temperature conditions of use. The high efficiency of the non-destructive method of magneto-optical imaging makes it possible to consider it as one of the most promising methods in trace studies, as well as in materials science studies, where information on the state and structure of the surface and near-surface layers of metal objects is needed.
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Spoor, Max. "25 Years of Rural Development in post-Soviet Central Asia: Sustaining Inequalities." Eastern European Countryside 24, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eec-2018-0004.
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Abstract To show that post-Soviet rural development in Central Asia has been confronted with sustained inequalities, three particular factors are analysed in this paper have being viewed as fundamental in influencing national and rural development. Firstly, most countries have based their growth models on economic nationalism (not only creating borders and national institutions, but also choosing inward-looking strategies), while leaning one-sidedly on their natural resource wealth (carbohydrates such as oil, natural gas and minerals, but also industrial crops like cotton). Secondly, and related to the first explanatory factor, the region has been struck by hidden and open resource-based conflicts, in particular on land and water. Inter-state tensions have emerged, in particular between downstream (irrigation water dependent) countries, such as Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and the upstream (hydropower energy dependent, and carbohydrate-poor) ones, such as Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Thirdly, all the countries analysed here have followed a rather unequal capital city-centric growth model, using the proceeds of exports of mineral wealth (or cotton) for rapid urbanisation with little or no investment in rural development, resulting in a growing urban-rural divide and increasing rural-urban and cross-border migration. While it is recognised that this region is indeed a bridge between West and East (also re-emphasised by the Chinese ‘One Belt, One Road’ initiative), it is argued in this paper that there is a need to reduce these inequalities and unbalanced growth, being that they will be an obstacle to the sustainable growth and development of rural areas.
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Klute-Wenig, Sandra, Svenja Rebsch, Hartmut Holzmüller, and Robert Refflinghaus. "Improving the selection of international distribution partners by using quality management methods." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 9, no. 3/4 (September 18, 2017): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-03-2017-0022.
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Purpose The importance of international markets has increased in the past years and will further increase in the future. This offers potential for being competitive, but especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is going along with a variety of risks, e.g. the competition in the domestic market intensifies. Nevertheless, in most cases, SMEs with foreign operations are more successful than SME operating solely in the domestic markets. Nevertheless, the internationalization activities of SME are often unsystematic and emotional, especially when looking for distribution partners. The research project “Empirical based development of an instrument for identifying and making decisions about the choice of market entry and the selection of distribution partners of SME of the tool and cutlery industry when developing foreign markets” deals with this topic. In this paper the results of a literature review and an expert discussion regarding market development and especially the process of finding distribution partners for foreign markets are presented. Also, further steps in the project dealing with aspects of realizing the detected success factors by using quality management methods are explained. Design/methodology/approach The first step comprises a literature review and an expert discussion with leading managers of SME, with the aim to receive information about market entry decisions and selection of distribution partners. Therefore, a literature review and an expert discussion with leading managers of SME are carried out. The discussions are evaluated with MAXQDA©, a software for qualitative data analysis. Next, a questionnaire is designed for a quantitative analysis of the topic and will be evaluated by using SMART-PLS. Then, the results will be used as input variable for a quality function deployment for identifying appropriate measures for implementing the prior identified success factors. Thereby, also quality management methods and techniques will be used for finding the “right” measures. In this context, also a method for selecting distribution partners will be developed which is based on the logic of supplier evaluation. Finally, an Excel-based tool will be developed which includes the results of the project and allows companies easily applying them. Findings A literature review and an expert discussion within the tool and cutlery industry have been carried out and analysed. Thereby, the need for action regarding the selection of distribution partners has been revealed as essential step for success in foreign markets. Literature mostly deals with aspects like choosing appropriate countries for market entry and market entry strategy but not with distribution partners. Expert discussion also has shown that choosing distribution partners is often managed with gut feel. It lacks a criteria-based approach for optimizing this step during the internalization process. Originality/value Finding adequate distribution partners for a successful entry into foreign markets has not been investigated thoroughly yet. The project offers insights into determining factors for the selection process and improves the distribution partner selection by using quality management methods, for instance, by adapting the fundamental procedure of supplier assessment for distribution partner assessment.
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Seal, Chris J., Anne P. Nugent, E.-Siong Tee, and Frank Thielecke. "Whole-grain dietary recommendations: the need for a unified global approach." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 11 (April 15, 2016): 2031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001161.
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AbstractIncreased whole-grain (WG) consumption reduces the risk of CVD, type 2 diabetes and some cancers, is related to reduced body weight and weight gain and is related to improved intestinal health. Definitions of ‘WG’ and ‘WG food’ are proposed and used in some countries but are not consistent. Many countries promote WG consumption, but the emphasis given and the messages used vary. We surveyed dietary recommendations of fifty-three countries for mentions of WG to assess the extent, rationale and diversity in emphasis and wording of any recommendations. If present, recommendations were classified as either ‘primary’, where the recommendation was specific for WG, or ‘secondary’, where recommendations were made in order to achieve another (primary) target, most often dietary fibre intake. In total, 127 organisations were screened, including government, non-governmental organisations, charities and professional bodies, the WHO and European Food Safety Authority, of which forty-nine including WHO provide a WG intake recommendation. Recommendations ranged from ‘specific’ with specified target amounts (e.g. x g WG/d), ‘semi-quantitative’ where intake was linked to intake of cereal/carbohydrate foods with proportions of WG suggested (e.g. x servings of cereals of which y servings should be WG) to ‘non-specific’ based on ‘eating more’ WG or ‘choosing WG where possible’. This lack of a harmonised message may result in confusion for the consumer, lessen the impact of public health messages and pose barriers to trade in the food industry. A science-based consensus or expert opinion on WG recommendations is needed, with a global reach to guide public health decision making and increase WG consumption globally.
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Rehman, Ateekh Ur, Mustufa Haider Abidi, Usama Umer, and Yusuf Siraj Usmani. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Selecting Wind Energy Power Plant Locations." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 2, 2019): 6112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216112.
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In pursuit of green technology innovations, the energy industry is showing an interest in sustainable sources such as wind energy generation. The Saudi Arabian energy industry has a 2030 target to generate and transmit electricity to major customers nationwide and other neighboring Gulf countries. However, the selection of wind energy power plant locations is a concern because the decision process involves social, technological, economical, and environmental factors. The originality of this study lies in (1) proposing an integrated quantitative and qualitative multi-criteria decision making framework for selecting wind-energy power plant locations; (2) applying the proposed framework in the context of the energy industry in a gulf region country and investigating expert-based and entropy-based criterion weight assignments; (3) choosing five possible alternative wind energy power plant locations with 17 response criteria for each alternative to help decision makers identify the best possible alternative; and (4) establishing the superiority of one alternative over another (if it exists). The presented approach extends considerable support to the comparing and ranking of alternatives along with its validation and sensitivity analysis. Based on the proposed multi-criteria decision-making approach, an appropriate wind energy power plant location has been successfully selected among the five alternatives.
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Turyanskyy, Yuriy, Irena Svydruk, Orystlava Sydorchuk, Nataliіa Mitsenko, and Olga Klepanchuk. "Management priorities of tax reform in Ukraine: implementation of international experience." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(2).2020.25.
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The paper proves that the Ukrainian economy’s systematic structural crises stipulated the necessity of choosing the effective forms of tax mechanism for its regulation. Systemic and institutional methods have been used to study the peculiarities of Ukrainian tax regulation. The methods of coefficient and relative values have been used to assess certain parameters of the tax burden. The dynamics of statistical data have been studied by the method of trend analysis. To determine the impact of the current tax system of Ukraine on economic growth, the authors tested several hypotheses about the dependence of the tax system and: GDP (1), industrial production (2), exports (3), investment dynamics (4), and unemployment rate (5) using econometric analysis with the package-statistical module EViews. The existence of a directly proportional relationship between the growth of tax revenues to the budget of Ukraine and the change of certain macroeconomic indicators is substantiated. It was found that the total tax burden on business in Ukraine reaches 41.5% of corporate profits, which exceeds similar indicators in most European countries. A tax regulation mechanism to stabilize the Ukrainian economy is proposed, in particular: proposals to revise tax rates, implement macroeconomic risk management tools, customs post-audit while providing transparency of tax legislation and its harmonization with the EU Customs Code, digitalization of the service component of tax administration.
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Myasnikova, E., and L. Voskresenskaya. "Digital Ruble As an Element of the Digitalization of the Economy." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 9, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2021-9-3-22-28.
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The article is devoted to the discussion of the prospect of issuing in Russia the digital currency of the Central Bank - the digital ruble. The properties and characteristics of the digital ruble, models of the functioning of the digital currency are considered. The place of the Central Bank in the process of functioning of the platform for the production of digital rudders shown. The main stages of development and implementation of the digital ruble are presented. Expert assessments of the possibilities and consequences of the introduction of the digital ruble are discussed. The impact of the digital ruble of the Central Bank on the financial system and the potential risks of introducing a digital currency are assessed. A comparative analysis of technologies for creating a digital ruble platform been carried out. The strategies of the central banks of various countries in creating models and mechanisms for issuing digital currencies into circulation are considered. Conclusions are made about the prospects for the introduction of the digital ruble in Russia. It noted that the problem of choosing the organization of the circulation of digital currency remains unresolved. Model C creates an excessive load of settlements on the Central Bank; Model D distributes the settlement load among commercial banks, which greatly increases the risks of clients – legal entities and individuals.
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Gesteiro, Eva, Luis Guijarro, Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz, María del Carmen Vidal-Carou, Ana Troncoso, Lluis Venanci, Vicente Jimeno, Joan Quilez, Arturo Anadón, and Marcela González-Gross. "Palm Oil on the Edge." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092008.
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Internationally recognized Spanish experts in the food industry, nutrition, toxicology, sustainability, and veterinary science met in Madrid on July 2018 to develop a consensus about palm oil (PO) as a food ingredient. Their aim was to provide a useful, evidence-based point of reference about PO. Scientific evidence about the role of PO in food safety, nutrition and sustainability was analyzed. Main conclusions were: (1) RSPO foundation responded to the environmental impact of palm crops. The Amsterdam Declaration pursues the use of 100% sustainable PO in Europe by 2020. Awareness about choosing sustainable products will help to maintain local economies and environments in the producing countries; (2) evidence shows that a moderate intake of PO within a healthy diet presents no risks for health. No evidence justifies any change fat intake recommendations; (3) food industry is interested in assuring safe, sustainable and high-quality products. The use of certified sustainable PO is increasing; and (4) there is no evidence associating PO consumption and higher cancer risk, incidence or mortality in humans. Tolerable daily intake (TDI) for toxic contaminants (2-and 3-monochloropropanediols (MCPDs), glycidyl esters (GEs)) have been established by JECFA and EFSA. Consequently, the European Commission has modified the Contaminants Regulation for GEs and it is still working on 3-MCPDs’.
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Foo, Chuan Chew, Russayani Ismail, and Hock-Eam Lim. "GOING FOR ADVANCED DEGREES? A STUDY AMONG THE CURRENTLY ENROLLED INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA USING A SEQUENTIAL APPROACH." JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SUSTAINABILITY 3, Number 2 (July 31, 2021): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jes2021.3.2.5.
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Malaysia has positioned itself to be a regional higher education hub and targeted to increase its number of international students to 250,000 by 2025, from 81,424 students in 2013. In the face of COVID-19, Malaysia is expected to experience stiff competitions with other countries in attracting international students. In essence, apart from attracting new students to come and study, pursuing the currently enrolled international students to stay on for advanced degrees is equally crucial to achieving the objective of the internationalisation agenda. Many studies have been done on factors affecting the decision of international students in choosing a host country. However, the retention and its sequential nature have been largely ignored. This paper aims to examine the probability of retention using a sequential approach. The descriptive statistics analysis found that Malaysia could expect that around 42% of its currently enrolled international students will remain in Malaysia. Results of the estimated sequential logit model reveal that university services are the significant factor that influences the probability of retention, whereas the education cost is found to be insignificant. Thus, consumption motives dominate the investment motives in terms of the probability of retention. Based on the findings, various policy implications are suggested to improve the retention rate of international students in Malaysia.
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Thomas-Sharma, S., J. Andrade-Piedra, M. Carvajal Yepes, J. F. Hernandez Nopsa, M. J. Jeger, R. A. C. Jones, P. Kromann, et al. "A Risk Assessment Framework for Seed Degeneration: Informing an Integrated Seed Health Strategy for Vegetatively Propagated Crops." Phytopathology® 107, no. 10 (October 2017): 1123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-16-0340-r.
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Pathogen buildup in vegetative planting material, termed seed degeneration, is a major problem in many low-income countries. When smallholder farmers use seed produced on-farm or acquired outside certified programs, it is often infected. We introduce a risk assessment framework for seed degeneration, evaluating the relative performance of individual and combined components of an integrated seed health strategy. The frequency distribution of management performance outcomes was evaluated for models incorporating biological and environmental heterogeneity, with the following results. (1) On-farm seed selection can perform as well as certified seed, if the rate of success in selecting healthy plants for seed production is high; (2) when choosing among within-season management strategies, external inoculum can determine the relative usefulness of ‘incidence-altering management’ (affecting the proportion of diseased plants/seeds) and ‘rate-altering management’ (affecting the rate of disease transmission in the field); (3) under severe disease scenarios, where it is difficult to implement management components at high levels of effectiveness, combining management components can be synergistic and keep seed degeneration below a threshold; (4) combining management components can also close the yield gap between average and worst-case scenarios. We also illustrate the potential for expert elicitation to provide parameter estimates when empirical data are unavailable.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Michalski, Bartosz. "W poszukiwaniu dywersyfikacji. Stan i perspektywy rozwoju polsko-skandynawskiej wymiany handlowej." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (November 26, 2017): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2017.2.11.
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The paper aims at analysing the characteristics of the Polish-Scandinavian trade and at evaluating prospects of its further development in the context of the growing diversification of Polish exporting markets. The motivation behind this issue is rooted in the high dependence of the Polish economy on the German market. This brings about a threat to economic security through a specific technological dependence, which may result in a lot of challenges characteristic for the middle-income trap. This problem can be explained by the thesis of the blight of German proximity. The features of intensive trade relations, mostly in the motor vehicle industry and machinery (to some extent also in the electronic and electrical sector), require finding convenient locations for subsidiaries and further suppliers within corporate added-value chains. It should help exploiting current cost and effciency advantages of host economies and thus block the development of potential innovative alternatives induced by the too weak domestic support. For this reason, it is justified to intensify trade relations with other countries whose markets may be attractive for Polish exporters. They should also have competencies and advantages which are insufficient in the Polish economy. Hence, this transfer of knowledge through the trade cooperation (the concept of learning by exporting) may have an impact on the national innovation system. Choosing Scandinavian countries is coherent with the attempts to diversify the structure of exporting markets and is one of the critical dimensions of enhanced cooperation in the region of the Baltic Sea. The research on the trade relations covers the period 2001-2015 together with the original insight into the prospects for their further development. For this purpose, the trade data of the International Trade Centre were used. Their disaggregation (2-, 4- and 6-digit) within the Harmonised System made possible the identification of the most important sectors, product clusters and even specific commodities which may be Polish exporting hits. Another dimension of the analysis covers the technological intensity of the Polish exports and imports with Scandinavian countries, the structure of Polish trade balance and the intensity of the intra-industry trade (Grubel-Lloyd index) together with its subcategories (horizontal, vertical-low quality, vertical-high quality) in the chapters with the highest share in bilateral trade.
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Jaafarian, M., A. Ardeshir, and A. Firozi Boyaghchi. "Assessing Financial Risk in Public-Private Partnership Financing for Road Construction Projects in Iran Using Uncertainty Conditions Approach." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2020-0021.
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AbstractPrivate section investment in the construction of transportation infrastructure, one of the most important of which is freeway projects, has been extensively used in developing countries in recent decades. However, in many cases due to the lack of necessary investigations and studies, the criteria have not been properly identified and, as a result, the proper way of participating in large-scale transport projects has resulted in numerous problems and, in some cases, project failure. However, choosing a private-public partnership will have a major impact on the success of freeway construction. However, due to the current conditions of the country’s economy, these projects are following with some risks. Therefore, in this study, the financial risk assessment of “public-private partnership” financing for road construction projects in Iran was investigated using the uncertainty approach and the BAS method. The research population of this study consisted of 23 researchers and experts with Ph.D. degree in finance with minimum degree of associate degree and experience of research and financial consulting in investment firms. According to the results, the lack of stability in planning and implementation of government programs and political risks, increases the risk of road construction projects and, in this regard, controlling the price fluctuations and bank financing of road construction projects can reduce the risk of these projects.
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Sich, Yu P., and E. P. Fisenko. "Comparative analysis of TI-RADS modifications." Medical Visualization, no. 5 (October 28, 2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2018-5-14-20.
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There is no single classification of TI-RADS. In different countries, various modifications are used. It is necessary to compare different versions of the classification for choosing the most optimal variant.Objective: a comparative “blind” assessment of the thyroid nodules identified by ultrasound, according to the TI-RADS scale in various modifications.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 153 echograms of thyroid lesions: colloid goiter/nodular colloid goiter – 77 observations, autoimmune thyroiditis – 11, follicular adenoma – 77, follicular cancer – 2, medullar cancer – 1, papillary cancer – 36 observations.Results.A comparative evaluation of the reproducibility of the three modifications of TI-RADS was carried out – the opinions of independent experts were homogeneous. Ultrasonic criteria for the evaluation of thyroid nodules for each TI-RADS variant are presented. The European and proposed by Russian authors variants, in addition to the large signs of malignancy, use small features extended in the domestic version of TI-RADS, which increases the sensitivity of these classification options.Тhe shortest time to evaluate thyroid formations was required when using the European classification. The European and proposed by Russian authors variants, in addition to the large signs of malignancy, use small signs, which increases the sensitivity of these classification options until 51 and 53%. The higher sensitivity of the korean variant – 57.8%.Conclusions. It is necessary to further discuss the TI-RADS options and find the most optimal solution.
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Jahangiri, Katayoun, Hasti Borgheipour, Saeid Bahramzadeh Gendeshmin, Amirhossein Matin, and Ghazaleh Monazami Tehrani. "Site selection criteria for temporary sheltering in urban environment." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-06-2018-0025.
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Purpose The inevitable occurrence of natural disasters and crisis arising from them causes a lot of losses globally, particularly in disaster-prone countries such as Iran. One of the main issues considered by organizations involved in crisis management is the selection of suitable sites for temporary sheltering for disaster victims. This study aims to choose safe places to establish temporary sheltering in urban environment. Design/methodology/approach Initially, relevant factors are identified by reviewing literature and through consultation with disaster experts. Next, the important layers were collected and analytical hierarchy process was used to assess the criteria weights based on their effectiveness on selection of safe sites for temporary sheltering. Finally, for integrating layers of factors, overlay and fuzzy models were used in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, and subsequently, a proper map was prepared and suitable areas were identified. Findings 7 main criteria and 19 sub-criteria were selected to provide safe places for temporary sheltering. The results of fuzzy model in this study provide more accurate and limited safe areas for temporary sheltering when compared to index overlay model. Originality/value The results of this study will help decision-makers and local and regional managers to reduce the vulnerability of at-risk communities in urban environments. Moreover, choosing appropriate places for temporary shelters would help build community disaster resilience according to these criteria.
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Riabchun, Yuliia, Roman Skrypak, Olena Riabchun, and Iryna Aznaurian. "APPLICATION OF NEURO-FUZZY MODELS IN THE SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE PROFESSIONAL ABILITIES OF APPLICANTS." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 45 (March 1, 2021): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2021.45.107-113.
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The work is devoted to solving a problem of assessing the professional abilities of entrants to higher education institutions. The subject of the study is the process of automatic support of entrants' decisions in conditions of fuzzy uncertainty caused by the need to communicate "online". The object of the study is a supporting means of the decisions of applicants to choose the direction of study "online". The main purpose of the work is to substantiate the technology of decision support for choosing a direction of study using an infocommunication system, the work of which has based on a neuro-fuzzy output system. Particular attention has paid to overcoming the problems that accompany the creation of infocommunication systems, which has designed to support decision-making on the choice of field of study in conditions of unclear uncertainty caused by the limitation of offline communication. The article presents the results of a study of the criteria for admission to higher education institutions in different countries. The structural model of the Specialized Intellectual System of Identification of Abilities of Entrants has offered. The system has designed to support the decision to choose a specialty of higher education institution. It has shown that to substantiate the recommendation conclusion based on the results of professional game; it is advisable to use a fuzzy neural network Takagi-Sugeno-Kanga. To solve the problem of substantiation of expert decisions at the stage of formation of a priori base of rules of fuzzy knowledge base of fuzzy inference system, it is expedient to use Mamdani model, which operates with linguistic variables and fuzzy sets.
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Winterbottom, Anna E., Andrew Mooney, Lynne Russon, Vicki Hipkiss, Lucy Ziegler, Richard Williams, Jeanette Finderup, and Hilary L. Bekker. "Kidney disease pathways, options and decisions: an environmental scan of international patient decision aids." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, no. 12 (August 23, 2020): 2072–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa102.
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Abstract Background Conservative management is recognized as an acceptable treatment for people with worsening chronic kidney disease; however, patients consistently report they lack understanding about their changing disease state and feel unsupported in making shared decisions about future treatment. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate patient decision aids (PtDAs) developed to support patient–professional shared decision-making between dialysis and conservative management treatment pathways. Methods We performed a systematic review of resources accessible in English using environmental scan methods. Data sources included online databases of research publications, repositories for clinical guidelines, research projects and PtDAs, international PtDA expert lists and reference lists from relevant publications. The resource selection was from 56 screened records; 17 PtDAs were included. A data extraction sheet was applied to all eligible resources, eliciting resource characteristics, decision architecture to boost/bias thinking, indicators of quality such as International Standards for Patient Decision Aids Standards checklist and engagement with health services. Results PtDAs were developed in five countries; eleven were publically available via the Internet. Treatment options described were dialysis (n = 17), conservative management (n = 9) and transplant (n = 5). Eight resources signposted conservative management as an option rather than an active choice. Ten different labels across 14 resources were used to name ‘conservative management’. The readability of the resources was good. Six publications detail decision aid development and/or evaluation research. Using PtDAs improved treatment decision-making by patients. Only resources identified as PtDAs and available in English were included. Conclusions PtDAs are used by some services to support patients choosing between dialysis options or end-of-life options. PtDAs developed to proactively support people making informed decisions between conservative management and dialysis treatments are likely to enable services to meet current best practice.
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Molchanov, Igor, and Natalya Molchanova. "Regional Economic Studies: Place and Role in Interregional and Interstate Cooperation." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 1 (April 2021): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2021.1.10.
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The article studies the role of regional science and the opportunity of using its tools in spatial social and economic research. The relevance of the topic is explained by the priority influence of geographical location, natural and climatic conditions on the organization of various types of economic life of public law entities. The aim of the study is to find acceptable solutions for intra-, interregional and interstate interaction by all participants in economic relations. Causal relationships in the phenomena and processes under analysis are revealed, general scientific and applied approaches are used: dialectics, analysis and synthesis, comparison, logic and abstraction, induction and deduction, verbal modeling, expert assessments. The relationship between the type and economic situation of administrative and territorial entities, the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of regional science and the use of its tools in economic practice is substantiated. On the basis of the analysis of official information, the emerging contradictions and unifying tendencies in the functioning of regions of different ranks are studied. The conclusion about the desire of constituent entities of federation to expand economic interaction, and the wish of a number of post-soviet countries for the integration of economic relations was made. On the basis of the results of the study, the available set of regional scientific tools, the effectiveness of regulatory measures taken by government authorities is shown. The interstate projects which are currently being implemented and planned for implementation in the nearest future are assessed. The authors make suggestions on the technology for selecting effective economic specialization of regions and embedding their production and infrastructure complexes into the integration processes on the territory of the EAEU. An assessment of the potential for unification processes in Eurasia is made. The presented results can be applied when choosing a problematics for further research and substantiating tactical recommendations that are acceptable for scientific and applied purposes.
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Cuong, Le Tan. "Students’ readiness for international academic mobility programs: Evidence from Faculty of English Linguistics and Literature, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNUHCM." SOCIAL SCIENCES 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.soci.en.10.2.992.2020.
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As a major aspect of internationalization, international academic mobility has been among the most discussed issues in higher education worldwide in recent years. However, while more and more institutions in many countries show substantial interest in implementing international academic mobility programs, the practices seem to be surprisingly in slow progress in Vietnam higher education . The current study, therefore, aims to fill up the gap by exploring the reality of implementing international academic mobility programs and surveying students’ readiness as well as expectations for international academic mobility programs in the setting of the faculty of English Linguistics and Literature, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University- HCM city. Using data from a semi-structured interview with the faculty dean, a semi-structured interview with 5 students having just coming back from an international academic mobility program to the Philippines in early 2020 and a questionnaire among 78 students coming from 4 continuous cohorts, the findings evidence that (1) Intra-national mobility programs outperform the international ones, (2) Students expect more orientational activities and support from the faculty, (3) Students show high level of readiness for international academic mobility programs, (4) Students are more open-minded in choosing where to go and what to do during international academic mobility programs. Recommendations are well elaborated at the latter part of the study as references for institutions that are considering internationalizing their curricular. The study hopefully sheds light on the feasibility of implementing international academic mobility programs in the setting of Vietnam higher education.
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Klausmann-Dinya, Anikó. "Managing challenges of increasing complexity in sustainability." Ecocycles 6, no. 2 (December 2020): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v6i2.159.
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The paradigm under which our society and economy have operated until now has become obsolete in the 21st century. Some Nobel Prize-winner economists made it clear that we have to forget the paradigm currently dominating the global economy: "Let’s privatize the benefits and socialize (distribute) its costs as much as possible!" The results of it are extremely and rapidly increasing inequalities, followed by unmanageable socio-economic - environmental tensions. It seems we could get out of this situation only with radical social and economic transformations, both globally and at the lower levels (countries, regions, localities). There isn’t another solution just the social and economic paradigm exchange parallel with each other. Interconnected and not separated them. But many big challenges are coming up from the natural and the technological environment too and they are rooted in the human-made systems. So altogether we are facing the quickly changing complexity and an unknown situation in the history of humanity. We don't have appropriate methods and experiences how to deal with these new types of challenges but there isn't any other choice just to manage them. Despite this fact, there are very few studies about the causes and consequences of this rapidly growing problem in the era of growing sustainability risks. Similarly, there is very little practical information that provides actionable advice on how to manage these problems at different (global-, macro-, and micro-) levels of social and economic organizations. We define complexity as the number of components in a system plus the variety of relationships among these components plus the speed of changes of both the components and the relationships. Larger systems (like social - economic - ecological systems) are often very complex – but they may be more complicated if their behavior is unpredictable. Based on the global databases and reports we investigated the trials of countries how prepared they are for managing the growing complexity in the field of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals. We have found that in most of the countries (and globally too) experts are choosing the simplest way - they deal with the goals separately from each other and don't take into account the very complicated system of their interconnections and the feedback loops. We have tried to summarize some conclusions for the future about what would be the better approach to deal with the complexity.
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Haw, Nel Jason, John Wong, Abigail Lim, and Stephanie Anne Co. "PD36 Scoping Of Interventions Of The Philippines' Most Burdensome Diseases." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318003070.
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Introduction:In 2016, Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data was used to identify the top twenty percent of disease causes in the Philippines, which happened to account for eighty percent of the burden, following the Pareto principle. This study follows from that initial work, aimed at creating a list of cost-effective interventions recommended for priority-setting to achieve universal health coverage (UHC).Methods:A comprehensive literature review search was done, from global sources such as the Disease Control Priorities (DCP) for Developing Countries Project and World Health Organization's (WHO) Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective (CHOICE), and local sources such as clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Forty-seven local experts from thirty-eight medical societies were also consulted on the applicability, appropriateness, adaptability, feasibility of implementation, ability to maintain fidelity, ease of dissemination, and sustainability of selected interventions in the Philippine setting. Resource requirements were then derived using the WHO OneHealth Tool, CPGs, and key informant interviews.Results:A list of 745 interventions categorized by life stages and by level of intervention with estimates of cost-effectiveness was produced. From these, fifty seven percent had cost-effectiveness studies. Primary interventions were found to be the least costly for the pregnant women, newborn, infant, adolescents, adults, and elderly life stages, while tertiary interventions were found to be the least costly for children.Conclusions:The interventions are potential targets for inclusion by policymakers. Additional factors to consider include the appropriateness of the context in which the cost-effectiveness study was conducted, the feasibility of conducting primary HTA locally, the local costs of the intervention, and the need to act quickly before the policy window closes.
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Santiago-Santiago, Karina, Ana Lilia Laureano-Cruces, Jorge Manuel Alejandro Antuñano-Barranco, Oscar Domínguez-Pérez, and Estela Sarmiento-Bustos. "An expert system to improve the functioning of the clothing industry." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-08-2013-0084.
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Purpose – Today the garment industry in México is vulnerable to complex problems. This type of industry is subject to influences which over time, modify the perceptions of those involved in the design process due to the fact that they face problems that have both objective and subjective characteristics. In this study the authors used interviews, direct observation methodology, and theoretical argumentation to obtain the experts knowledge as they describe the problems that arise in the process of garment design for Mexican markets. The purpose of this paper is to generate a methodology so that the expert in this field will become highly specialized, resulting in heightened abilities and reinforcing them with the methodology of soft systems and the design management model (DMM). The results suggest that they are applicable to any area of design. Design/methodology/approach – The success or failure of expert system (ES) depends directly on the acquisition of knowledge (Méndez-Gurrola, 2007, 2012), to accomplish that, three large groups of techniques are used to extract that knowledge: manual, semiautomatic, and automatic. Within the group of manual techniques, interviews, protocol analysis, questionnaires, direct on site observation, and the extraction of closed curves are emphasized. This technique is chosen for its ability to extract the particular type of knowledge being sought. The knowledge of the dominion expert in the design process applied to the clothing industry in México is based on processes and at the same time is episodic, meaning that part of the procedure is automated and each step of the process triggers the next. This knowledge is also based on experience which is of an autobiographical nature. Findings – First, when one simulates human behavior, the hardest thing is to choose a knowledge representation that conforms as closely as possible to its emulation. According to, choosing a given type of knowledge representation is an art that is discovered little by little. And this is true as one designs and assembles a representation, when one realizes how far the authors are from imitating the design of the human brain processes, and discovers or invents methodologies to achieve it, combining the results of investigations into knowledge representation, cognitive psychology, and cognitive engineering. Second, solving any complex situation in the design process function of the clothing industry is no easy task. It requires plenty of experience in the manufacturing process. One needs the ability to identify the signals emitted by complex situations, and being able to stop them in time before they create irreversible damage. By merging the soft system methodology (SSM) and DMM with the experts’ abilities and knowledge (the result being the EXITUS model (EM)), makes knowledge modeling possible. A problem cannot be solved if it is unknown, if the problem persists and grows it becomes more complex. By describing a problem, based on: its origin, its relationship, and its effects, it also confers the ability to solve it. Thereby, an SBC with the characteristics presented in this paper, not only improves the design process function as a whole, it also contributes to achieving corporate success. Finally, it influences directly on: a quality product; market positioning; and good economic results. First, the SBC-EXITUS was tested and endorsed by expert management designers. When a designer identifies a complex problem using the SBC-EXITUS system, he is capable of verifying its existence with facts and real life situations. This enables quicker decision making decisions, which saves time and money, due to the fact that a non-desirable state of affairs may be contemplated in advance. Fourth, in this project an SBC named SBC-EXITUS has been implemented using the SSM and the DMM, with the purpose of detecting possible problems in the design process of the clothing industry. Its implementation is developed by the use of production rules. Fifth, utilizing the methodology and the production rules like knowledge representation technique, make possible to acquire dominion knowledge in complex problems as in the study case clothing industry in México. This approach is also applicable to other areas of design. Practical implications – Utilizing the methodology and the production rules like knowledge representation technique, make possible to acquire dominion knowledge in complex problems as in the study case clothing industry in México. This approach is also applicable to the garment industry in the international context, as well as to other areas of design such as architecture, furniture, and others. The EM is a generic methodology. In this research and case, it has been applied in a design process within the garment industry, specifically in a case in Mexico. Yet this does not limit its use in a different context and problem situation. Having in mind the difference between countries in aspects such as sponsoring, technology, worker skills, marketing, etc. the tools for diagnostics in the Appendix 2, may be adapted to each context with enriched questions directed to specific aspects involved. Every new application allows facts and production rules that make the use of ES more efficient. Social implications – The ES-EXITUS was tested and endorsed by expert management designers. When a designer identifies a complex problem using the ES-EXITUS, he is capable of verifying its existence with facts and real life situations. This enables quicker decision making decisions, which saves time and money, due to the fact that a non-desirable state of affairs may be contemplated in advance. Originality/value – Solving any complex situation in the design process function of the clothing industry is no easy task. It requires plenty of experience in the manufacturing process. One needs the ability to identify the signals emitted by complex situations, and being able to stop them in time before they create irreversible damage. By merging the SSM and DMM with the experts’ abilities and knowledge (the result being the EM), makes knowledge modeling possible. A problem cannot be solved if it is unknown, if the problem persists and grows it becomes more complex. By describing a problem, based on: its origin, its relationship and its effects, it also confers the ability to solve it. Thereby, an SBC with the characteristics presented in this paper, not only improves the design process function as a whole, it also contributes to achieving corporate success. Finally, it influences directly on a quality product, market positioning, and good economic results.
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Willyerd, Karie, and Barbara Mistick. "Prepare your talent for tomorrow." Strategic HR Review 15, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose According to the research conducted by the authors, the number one fear of employees around the world is that of becoming obsolete. The purpose of this article is to review five practices that employees can use to stay up to date and what organizations can do to support those practices. Design/methodology/approach The authors’ research mission was to discover how changes in the global economy and shifting demographics will impact the employment and talent marketplace. They collaborated with SAP SuccessFactors. Oxford Economics to conduct twin studies of 5,500 executives and employees across 27 countries to find out what the future workforce is thinking, wanting and worrying over. In addition to the global surveys, they interviewed and spoke to over 300 people, and consulted with dozens of academic or corporate learning experts to refine and validate their five practices that employees and organizations can use to prepare for tomorrow. They also reviewed over 1,000 academic papers or texts to support their conclusions. Findings The five practices to stay prepared for tomorrow are: Learn on the fly: maximize the opportunities you already have to learn while working: be open: do not let opportunities pass you by: build a diverse network: understand what kind of a network is best for advancing a career. Be greedy about experiences: learn how to be strategic in choosing assignments and projects. Bounce forward: recover from setbacks and failures to stay motivated about your career. Originality/value Career advice for the modern age is sorely lacking. The authors are both graduates of the scholar/practitioner doctoral program at Case Western Reserve University. As a result, a great value of this article is the bridge between solid research and practical advice. Additionally, the example strategies are included at two levels – for the employee and the organization.