Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Choix (philosophie) – Prise de décision'
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Cozic, Mikaël. "Fondements cognitifs du choix en rationalité limitée." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040220.
Full textDevised by economists, mathematicians and philosophers, the theory of rational choice is a powerful, elegant and fruitful model of decision making. Such virtues make it the core of formalization in contemporary economics. Yet, rational choice theory is widely criticized. One of the most recurrent criticism has been formulated by H. Simon in the fifties. According to him, the theory's hypotheses are incompatible with agents' cognitive limitations. People exhibit at best bounded rationality. From this critic, a project came out : the project of modelling bounded rationality. Today, the project is more lively than ever, but lots of disagreements remain : there are divergences on how to lead the project, and, more importantly on whether the project is well-founded. Consequently, there exists a true need of foundational clarification, which should integrate methodological justification and modelling's possibilities. The aim of our dissertation is to lead such a clarification. First, we expound classical models of choice and set up an epistemological framework (chapters 1 and 2). We propose a methodological reconstruction of bounded rationality as a project of cognitive unidealization of classical models (chapter 3). Starting from this foundation, we analyse the main models of bounded rationality and defend the idea of a procedural selection model (chapter 4). The last part is made of two essays on the use of logical tools: the first on epistemic logic (chapter 5), the second on computability and complexity theories (chapter 6)
Henry, Emmanuel. "L'agent et la non-naturalité de l'objet économique." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010052.
Full textLee, Douglas. "The metacognitive control of decision-making." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS525.
Full textEverything we do is guided by value. In brief, the value we assign to something summarizes the impact we thinkitwill have on our lives. The term value can be used to assess virtually anything. Value is goal-dependent: e.g., value for water is different than value for a soft bed. Value is context-dependent: e.g., value for a hammer is different when building versus fishing. Value is subjective: e.g., a work of art might be treasure to some, garbage to others. Even when taking all this into account, however, the values that we express for particular options are not always consistent. We do not always choose according to our preferences, as derived byassessing options individually. Under current theories, such preference reversals are interpretedas errors that arise from unreliable signaling within the brain. We alternatively propose that people can change their mind after reassessing the value of options while pondering the decision. So, why do we carefully ponder some decisions, but not others? We develop a computational model of the metacognitive control of decisions, where we assume that the amount of cognitive resources deployed is controlled by an effort-confidence tradeoff. Importantly, the anticipated benefit of allocating resources varies according to difficulty and importance. The model predicts choices, choice confidence, mental effort, and preference change, in a critically different manner from current models. We compare and test these predictions in a systematic manner, using a dedicated behavioral paradigm. Our results provide a mechanistic link between effort, confidence, and preference reversals, in a way that has not previously been considered
Jabarian, Brian. "Opérationnaliser l'incertitude morale : définir un cadre d'analyse pour l'esprit critique dans un monde incertain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H223.
Full textThis Ph.D. in philosophy explores the normative uncertainty problem, i.e. the complex ethical problem of what should we do when uncertain about what we should do? We conduct our thesis in the tradition of the long-forgotten philosophy of science tradition of operationalization. The latter is a thorough analytical approach that allows for applied investigations of a concept whose empirical implications are neither proven nor clear. In the case of an ethical evaluation or choice problem, operationalization includes two main dimensions: (1) providing a framework for reasoning, comparing the values of options, and decision-making by individuals or groups; (2) providing empirical evidence to demonstrate the concept’s relevance for applied research and further scientific investigations. We divide our thesis into two main parts based on these dimensions. A preceding introduction addresses normative uncertainty and its relations to other ethical and meta-ethical concepts. Part I provides a comprehensive framework for comparing the values of options, reasoning, and making individual decisions under normative uncertainty, depending on the types and amount of information available to the decision-maker. Part II demonstrates how we may employ humanities in survey methods and establish normative uncertainty as an empirical fact by combining both disciplines. The conclusion summarizes our thesis’ main contributions
Grelot, Pascale. "Acquisition de l'information : comparaison choix individuel - choix collectif." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375983673.
Full textČapek, Jakub. "Le temps dans la décision : la décision dans le temps : le problème de la décision chez Bergson, Heidegger, Sartre et Ricoeur." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100046.
Full textIn the introduction, the author tries to develop a basic analysis of decision. He divides his analysis in two problems. Firstly, how does the decision appear in an intentional action? Secondly, can the experience of a dilemma tell us something about decision? The decision appears in the first case as something which is implicit in the action, whereas in the second case it is explicit, i. E. In the first case We presuppose the decision - which often really did not occur - and in the second case, the decision in no longer any tacit presupposition: now We are forced to decide. This distinction seems to be connected to the traditional question: does decision concern means or aims as well? Which is the relation between the intentional action and the dilemma? Is it an temporal linearity: dilemma - decision - intention - action? The author argues that if the decision has double meaning, if it can even change its meaning, it cannot form this linearity any more. To develop this question of temporal structure of decision, which is the basic question of the whole work, he introduces another classical distinction. This introduction if followed by a discussion of four philosophic contributions to this problem. The author tries to develop a critical interpretation and to derive consequences for his own questioning. In this part he discuses basic texts of Henri Bergson, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre et Paul Ricœur. Finally, in his Conclusions, he tries to show the impact of preceding reflections on several problems connected to the problem of decision. It is firstly the problem of the reason (motive) of an action, secondly the problem of rationality, thirdly the question of freedom in decision and finally the question of the subject in decision (who decides?, how is he present in his decision ?). In the last chapter, the author develops a detailed analysis of the temporal structure of decision
Lambert, Aude. "La diversité des structures de rationalité en microéconomie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3047.
Full textStandard microeconomics displays the concept of rationality as the maximisation of expected utility i.e. in a narrow and unequivocal sense. The criticisms against this concept made by behavioural economics or sociology are well known. I aim at providing an analysis of some of them in order to emphasise the fact that they mainly highlight the diversity of reasoning modes. But the issue is to know whether the diversity of reasoning modes necessarily leads to reject the standard model. My intention falls into two fields : the theory of Rational Choice and the Game Theory. From the point of view of behavioural economics, I assume that the maximisation is nothing more than a local reasoning mode that can be assessed in relation to the context of action. But this assumption implies correcting the standard Game Theory as well. The fact that the general equilibrium, based on the maximisation of expected utility, cannot be used anymore as an unique model calls a new kind of formalisation. So, I point out that agent-based modelling allows us to conceive, in a counterfactual way, interactions between rational economic agents in their context. Therefore, in this respect, rational patterns of actions and interactions design possible worlds without having to choose between them
Valognes, Fabrice. "Essais en theorie des choix collectifs." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN0579.
Full textThe main purpose of the thesis is the social choice theory. Our contribution is based on different analysis. With the help of the geometry analysis, we show that, surprisingly, subtle, unexpected election behaviors can arise when voters are restricted to only three kinds of preferences. As shown, conflict between pairwise and positional methods occurs in abundance. In order to complete the former results, we again use the geometry of voting to analyze all three candidates profiles satisfying black's single peakedness constraint, we characterize all associated election behavior. The same analysis is applied to related profile constraints (sen, ward). We knew that different procedures may yield different solutions. However no study was done to estimate the probability that they all simultaneously pick the same outcome. We provide new techniques to answer this question. Another study is based on the condorcet efficiency of weighted scoring rules when voter indifference between candidate is allowed. We provide new results with respect this hypothesis. Finally, we evaluate the statistical coalitional manipulability of various social choice functions. We analyze and measure the manipulability of some common voting procedures and we study the impact of the less or more homogeneous feature of preferences on the manipulability measure by using probability models
Stal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Etude des dysfonctionnements dans la prise de décision : application au choix d'acteur." Phd thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00318669.
Full textStal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Etude des dysfonctionnements dans la prise de décision. Application au choix d'acteur." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00318669.
Full textNous proposons un premier modèle : la DTL ou Decision Time Line. La DTL représente toute décision comme un processus de prise de décision, qui suit une ligne de vie. L'enchaînement d'un certain nombre d'étapes peut se dérouler dans des ordres différents à partir d'une question posée jusqu'à la transmission de la réponse à l'interlocuteur.
Un deuxième modèle permet de représenter et de quantifier l'impact des dysfonctionnements dans le processus de décision. Un espace de représentation des dysfonctionnements, au sein de la DTL, est proposé. Il s'agit de décomposer tout dysfonctionnement en dysfonctionnements élémentaires, d'identifier les étapes de la DTL ayant généré les dysfonctionnements et de mesurer les écarts induits. Nous considérons, ici, la décision de façon globale et la modélisation proposée est applicable à tout type de prise de décision.
L'étude des dysfonctionnements dans les processus de prise de décision se concrétise, ensuite, par une application au choix d'acteur et par une présentation des outils développés pour faciliter ce type particulier de décision. Ces outils sont regroupés sous le nom de SACADO : Système d'Aide au Choix d'Acteur et aux Décisions d'Organisation. SACADO propose un processus cible à suivre pour réduire les risques de dysfonctionnements. Cette méthode permet également, pour un dysfonctionnement donné, d'en analyser les causes potentielles et d'en déduire des préconisations. Enfin, les dysfonctionnements analysés par SACADO alimentent l'analyse globale de l'organisation d'une entreprise.
Finalement, une application industrielle au sein de deux sites du groupe Vallourec a permis une première validation de la méthode mise au point. Elle a permis de confirmer que SACADO répond à un réel besoin industriel.
Harang, Laurence. "Rationalité de l'action et rationalité de la décision." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10039.
Full textSanni, Mustapha Balewa. "Etude des procédures de choix fondées sur des relations binaires." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090046.
Full textStal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Approche systémique de la prise de décision en entreprise." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786203.
Full textBélanger, Stéphanie. "Choix en situation d'incertitude : distinction entre les méthodes de calculs utilisées par les individus lors d'ajout d'effet de corrélation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27268.
Full textBacus-Montfort, Isabelle. "Modélisation du choix de partenaire dans les coopérations entre PMI." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090028.
Full textFew researches have focused on the partner's choice for an alliance. It is however a key decision for the project success and it constitutes a major concern for firms which have received little preparation for it. This research aims at building a decision aid model for the partner's choice. This required a detailed literature analysis supplemented by two series of interviews among small company general managers, selected as experts. The research thus contributes to complete the knowledge on this decision process as experienced by firms. Partly using the analytic hierarchy process developed by Saaty (1977), the model helps integrate subjective judgements. A specific validation plan was designed in relation to those used for expert systems. It includes the model direct testing by experts on a scenario built from a real-world situation. In addition, a postal questionnaire measures the experts' satisfaction. The results show that the use of the model encourages the manager to conduct a deeper thinking and an additional information search. It allows more precise and fairer decision-making, for the partner's choice relies on systematic judgement bases. At last, a large number of simulations can be made, using various weights for the choice criteria
Abou, Jaoudé Chady. "Regard info-communicationnel sur la prise de décision. Application au choix d'une université au Liban." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966542.
Full textSerais, Jérôme. "Etude de la manipulation de quelques procédures de décision collective." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN0604.
Full textAldiab, Ali. "Contribution à la définition d'une approche concertée et multicritère du choix d'un ensemble fondation-système porte de bâtiment." Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0202.
Full textThe goal of our work is to propose a concerted and multicriterion approach to choose both carried system and foundations system of building. The created tool can help the client to work out his program and the architect to define the more adapted orientations of both carried system and foundations system. For its creation, we develop the following phases: problem analysis: the analysis of both thesis context and lack of decision-making tools underlines the need for a rational and progressive approach, composed of two levels: the elimination of solutions not satisfying the limits: technical, economic, time, etc. The multicriterion analysis for defining the best solution according to the particular project criteria. Information collection and analysis which allow: to describe the various project aspects and to define the data necessary to operation of choice mechanisms, to define the feasibility limits and the selection criteria, to define the solutions answers to these limits and these criteria. Approach test and validation: they make it possible to illustrate, on an example, the approach contributions in quality and cost terms
MARTIN, MATHIEU. "Theorie des jeux cooperatifs et choix social : coeur et ensemble de stabilite." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN0586.
Full textMorel, Jean. "Kierkegaard et la décision." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010611.
Full textDitzler, Cédric. "Attitude face au risque et choix d'assurance : théorie et expériences." Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/DITZLER_Cedric_2005.pdf.
Full textThe work of the thesis consists in testing several theories of decision under risk starting from the predictions of two simplified insurance models: a model of choice of insurance contract for a given coverage and a model of choice of insurance coverage for a given insurance scheme. Our framework makes it possible to discuss the empirical validity of two central theorems of the economy of insurance: the theorem of Arrow and the theorem of Mossin. The confrontation of the theories of decision is carried out 1) by the study of the correspondence between attitudes to risk which are determined by the Tradeoff elicitation method (Deneffe and Wakker (1996)) and the insurance choices and 2) according to the insurance choices using a deterministic approach and a stochastic one which takes into account the errors made by the subjects. We show that it is difficult to infer insurance choices from the elicitation results because of a great instability of the attitude to risk between two successive elicitation phases of preferences. In addition, our experimental data do not support the predictions of the Arrow and Mossin theorems. These results show the low descriptive validity of the expected utility theory compared to other alternative theories like the dual theory of Yaari (1987) or the cumulative prospect theory of Tversky and Kahneman (1992). However, even if the alternative models manage to explain more insurance behaviours in our experiments, the stochastic analysis shows all the same that the expected utility theory is less sensitive to the modifications carried out on the variables of treatment like the format of presentation of the questions or the monetary incentives which influence considerably the subjects' attitudes to risk
Mariotti, Thomas. "Cohérence des choix dynamiques et interactions stratégiques." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10046.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study the consistency of dynamic choices in various strategic contexts. We will focus mostly on three topics, namely the coordination of decisions, the irreversibility of choices and the value of information. The first part of this thesis studies coordination among players in continuous games of almost perfect information. Our aim is to give a clear justification to the fact that the introduction of public signals may be necessary to guarantee the existence of a perfect equilibrium in this class of games. To do this, we develop an alternative method, based on the notion of continuation correspondence. The second part of this thesis focuses on information gathering in a framework with time in, consistent preferences. We show that, in the absence of commitment, an agent endowed with such preferences may voluntarily restrict his acquisition of information, in order to constraint his current and future behaviour. This strategic ignorance conduct leads to unambiguous pareto improvements compared to the complete learning situation. The last part of the thesis is concerned with the option value of information in the context of irreversible choices. For this purpose, we consider two models. In the first one, we analyze the investment dynamics in an industry where demand fluctuates randomly across periods. We show that a monopoly systematically delays investments compared to the optimal path. In duopoly, we determine how the fear of preemption mitigates the real option effect of investment. In a second model, we examine how opportunistic political parties select their candidates, given the information they hold about them. We characterize the kind of inefficiencies to which the strategic behaviour of parties gives rise. Finally, we show that a far-sighted party who internalizes the option value of keeping or replacing a candidate is lead to replace its incumbent candidates more often than a myopic party
Liégeon, Alain. "L'amour entre philosophie et psychanalyse." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081035.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to examine, thanks to the study of major works related to the matter of love, how this category can be the subject of specific operations operations of thought. Thus, the operation which is specific to the philosophie speech about love, the decision, and the specific operation of the psychoanalytic speech, the indecision, face each other. A philosophic decision consists in favouring one way, among several ones, as for the way truth of love gives itself to thought, and rejecting the opposite way; thus every dicision of thought about love implies an antinomic decision. So as regards love, the philosopher shows himself as the author of a singular decision, which guarantees the accuracy of this this decision. In psychoanalysis, indecision regarding love consists in suspending every decision between two possibilities, a suspension which proves to be precise ly a deciding factor for other purely analytic categories. So there is no author about love in psychoanalysis, but a speech that remains accurate to the original operation of indecision which belongs to the freudian discovery. Thus this work draws four major figures of decision in philosophy, each of them beeing associated to its antinomic figure, and each couple of figures (figure of a decision-antinomic figure) being placed opposite to the analytic operation of indecision about love. This leads us to four volumes, each of which containing three chapters
Naisseh, Marwan. "Analyse d'un problème de décision et programmation informatique de ce problème : l'exemple des choix de portefeuille." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX24006.
Full textOur study's purpose is to present data processing's work on efficiency's problem of security market in Kuwait, and to find the optimal market portfolio. We present, in the three first chapters, the development of security market in Kuwait since the second world war, then we treat the efficiency's problem applying the capital market theory. After that, we elaborate a programme in Pascal (Rand) that permit us to trace efficient border of security market in Kuwait. From that border, we determine the optimal market portfolio. According to presented developments in our work, it sums up that the security market in Kuwait is not efficient
Geyres, Béatrice. "Biais d'ancrage et ajustement sur les décisions judiciaires : effet de l'expertise." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20064.
Full textAnchoring and adjustment phenomenon is a cognitive bias, which was first theorized by Tversky and Kahneman in 1974. It was studied in extremely various fields and proved to be particularly robust and powerful. The person who has to make a judgment in a numerical way proves to be very affected by any value (or anchor) that was previously suggested. The target of this PhD thesis is to study this phenomenon in a domain where both individual and social issues at stake are fundamental: penal judgment. Two archival data studies and two experiments involving experienced magistrates enabled not only to confirm the existence of this bias in the sentencing decisions but also to define the extent of the phenomenon according to the judges' expertise and to the plausibility of the presented anchors (within the framework of legal judgment, the anchor corresponds to the prosecutor's sentence proposition). A last experimentation was conducted with fans of a popular sport – soccer – in order to put to the test a major hypothesis, which was hard to validate in the Justice field: anchoring and adjustment effects are a linear function of knowledge on the judgment's field; i. E. The more knowledge a decision maker has on the judgment's object, the less he is sensible to anchoring effects
Werly, Patrick. "Du choix irréversible à la vocation infinie : le devenir de la décision et de ses modèles dans la littérature et les arts." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0007.
Full textDelecroix, Fabien. "Dialoguer pour décider : recommandation experte proactive et prise de décision multi-agents équitable." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10011/document.
Full textIf decision making can be a pure individual process, it can involve several actors and present social aspects. In this thesis, I consider two types of social decision process : supported decision making and collective decision making. Concerning supported decision making, two actors have distinct roles : the decision maker and the assistant. Here, the decision maker is a human agent and the assistant a software one. In many applications, the dialogical abilities of the assistant are deceptive and the dialogue lacks of consistency. To tackle this problem, we design a proactive dialogical agent aiming for the credibility in conversation and the relevance of recommandations : our agent leads the conversation in asking relevant questions to collect the preferences of the decision maker and use them in recommending the alternatives that fit the most. We apply our approach on the e-commerce field. The second contribution concerns collective decision. The objective is to define a process that lead to a fair agreement, even if participants have incomplete preferences. For this purpose, I define the fair agreements by applying the leximax criterion on the rank of alternatives. Then, I propose a negotiation protocol to reach such agreements and the strategy is taken into account to evaluate it. Finally, the protocol is applied to the search of a meeting point in a maze
Picavet, Emmanuel. "Choix rationnel et vie publique : essai sur le principe de rationalité dans les mathématiques de la décision." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040324.
Full textThis work is an epistemological study of the foundations of modern decision theory. .
Fares, Nizar. "Effet de la formulation des expressions d'incertitude (internes versus externes) sur le choix et la prise de décision." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10009.
Full textParizel, Odile. "Proposer du choix pendant un repas : impact sur le plaisir de manger et la prise alimentaire." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0067.
Full textOut-of-home catering services frequently offer consumers the opportunity to choose their foods from among different proposals and/or provide consumers with a variety of food. The present thesis aimed at investigating the effect of providing choice of equally-liked foods during a meal on food liking and food intake in healthy, normal-weight adults. The first part focused on two characteristics of a food product assortment (desserts) as modulator factors of the choice effect: (i) the degree of similarities between desserts and (ii) the level of pleasantness of desserts. Two independent behavioral studies using the same paradigm were carried out in adults (n=80 for each experiment) who participated in a choice and a no-choice session. Providing choice enhanced food liking no matter the degree of similarity between the desserts, but enhanced food intake only when products were sufficiently dissimilar. The choice effect on food liking and food intake was not modulated by the level of pleasantness of alternatives. The second part of the thesis assessed the impact of choice and/or variety on food liking and food intake. Fifty-nine adults participated in a 4-session study where they consumed vegetable dishes under the four following conditions: (i) being served one dish (no-choice/no-variety); (ii) being served the three dishes (no-choice/variety); (iii) choosing one dish from among three (choice/no-variety) and (iv) choosing as many dishes as wanted (choice/variety). Providing choice increased vegetable liking and vegetable intake, while offering a variety of vegetables only increased their liking. No synergy effect between choice and variety was observed on vegetable liking and vegetable intake (i.e. the effect in the choice/variety condition was not significantly higher than the effects in the no-choice/variety and choice/no-variety conditions). It may be then concluded that providing choice of food to adults increases food liking even when choice is made among similarly-liked foods. Regarding choice and variety effects, however, their impacts on food intake appear to be vulnerable to contextual factors, and especially, the degree of similarity between food options
Ledoux, Élise. "Projets architecturaux dans le secteur sanitaire et social : du bâtiment au projet : la contribution des ergonomes à l'instruction des choix." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CNAM0348.
Full textDracon, Nadège. "@Modalités de prises de décision dans l'élaboration de choix tactiques chez les experts et les novices : application au rugby." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1278.
Full textMangot, Mickael. "Choix intertemporels : un modèle comportemental d'escompte quasi-hyperbolique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165187.
Full textNous abordons ensuite le cas où une des options de choix fait naître une préférence « viscérale » et celui où une option fait figure de statu quo, induisant de nouvelles incohérences. Nous testons le modèle général d' « escompte séquentiel » et le modèle avec statu quo à partir de données expérimentales. Enfin, nous appliquons la modélisation aux décisions d'épargne de cycle de vie. L'individu est supposé être assujetti en permanence à des signaux de consommation qui induisent chez lui une préférence pour la consommation immédiate qu'il ne peut anticiper. Ce faisant, il expérimente constamment des excès de consommation par rapport à ses plans. Nous montrons que l'existence d'un actif illiquide peut lui permettre de contraindre ses consommations futures et d'éviter une insuffisance d'épargne critique au moment du passage à la retraite.
Karnib, Ali. "Approche multicritère pour l'aide au choix d'une solution de réseau technique urbain : application au réseau d'assainissement pluvial." Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTOA001.
Full textBolaños, Bernardo. "Attentes normatives et proportionnalité : éléments d'une théorie de la décision juridique." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010514.
Full textBouglet, Tania. "Incertitude et environnement : essai de représentation et analyse des choix publics." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010041.
Full textPitault-Charbonnel, Anne-Elisabeth. "Les différents modes de fourniture des biens collectifs et leurs conséquences." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010062.
Full textCadier, David. "L'invention d'une tradition de politique étrangère : choix et préférences de la République Tchèque (2004-2009)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0033.
Full textThe Dissertation offers an analysis of Czech Republic’s foreign policy from 2004 to 2009 period. The first step consists in setting up an analytical lens: drawing on various theoretical insights from the International Relations and Foreign Policy Analysis literature, a model is elaborated by differentiating three main categories of determinants (external context, domestic context, ideational context). Subsequently, this model is applied to four policy areas – relations with the US; participation to NATO/CSDP missions; relations with Russia; policy towards the Eastern neighborhood. For each area, a concrete policy decision is examined in details as case-study and the choices of the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia are contrasted. The thesis argues that, in spite of these countries being often treated as a bloc, the main determinants of their foreign policies lay in different of the above mentioned categories: ideational (historical) context for the Czech Republic; domestic (political) context for Slovakia; external (geopolitical) context for Poland. In Czech Republic, an atlanticist tradition institutionalized in process and language was denoted. It has been foremost promoted and upheld by the leading group within the foreign policy elite, which managed to articulate this preference with codes and symbols specific to the Czech ideational context. Most of these codes are of a historical fabric and were forged during the period of national reconstruction of the 1990S – thus the thesis talks of the invention of a foreign policy tradition
Huynh, Kim. "Apprentissage organisationnel des entreprises : choix sectoriels et utilisation des compétences spécifiques de la main d'oeuvre : doct. en sciences économiques." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020068.
Full textAlthough the concept of organizational learning refers to the simple idea that an organization learns to organise itself in order to improve future performance, it gives rise to multiple interpretations. One of them considers that performance is improved through adaptation to the environment. Learning then involves the experiment of new behaviours as a response to environmental changes. In economics, this view may be applied to firms, which is the aim of this thesis. Experiments of new behaviours may then refer to production strategies. A preliminary question arises, how firms may know the strategies to experiment ? this thesis studies two alternative processes. Firms may creatr these strategies, there is then innovation, they may also copy the innovations of others firms. We show in both contexts that organizational learning leads firms to invest unknown sectors. Sinces the sectorial structure of the economy may change, it has implications on the labour market, particularly if each sector requires different qualifications of workers. Thus, this thesis points out the existence of a structural unemployement linked to the bad adaptation of workers to the economic sector structure change resulting from the organizational learning of firms
Blondel, Serge. "Un nouveau test des théories du choix risque : de la rationalité normative à la rationalité cognitive." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010013.
Full textLong economists have lent few attention to contradictions of expected utility (EU), as Allais paradox (1953). Following the psychologists Kahneman and Tversky (1979), experimental results have accumulated and that fact have entail the development of generalized eu theories. Contrary to these normative theories, cognitive consistency theory (CCT - Lévy-Garboua, 1995) introduce doubt, which is related to a positive value of perfect information. Decision-making is then an argumentation aiming at the suppression of doubt. CCT explains the totality of paradoxes (Allais, not voting, preference reversals) while the others theories not. In our method, individuals functions are defined by individual parameters reflecting heterogeneous preferences. We use the data of Kahneman and Tversky (1979), Hershey and Schoemaker (1980), Camerer (1989), and Battalio et al. (1990). For every simulation, parameter distributions are estimated for each theory (EU, rank-dependent eu, prospect, cumulative prospect, subjective weighted, dual, prospective reference, regret, disappointment, disappointment aversion, cognitive consistency), for seven different series of questions not limited to the unit probability triangle. We conclude that the weight of rejoicing in regret theory tends to be null. CCT is not rejected by the data while the others are. While conserving the axioms of eu, CCT provides an explanation of insurance and gambling, and also explains reflection, certainty, and common ratio (Allais paradox) effects
Beck, Amina. "Choix de projets pharmaceutiques : exemple d'application des méthodes Electre IV et Prométhée III et comparaison avec une méthode multicritère d'aide à la décision, méthode des toiles." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE019.
Full textDauvier, Bruno. "Choix stratégiques en situation de résolution de problème : modélisations de la variabilité et du changement." Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20043.
Full textThis work investigates the relevance of a selectionist representation of cognitive functioning. This representation presumes the existence of individual strategic preferences that should evolve in time. These preferences can be identified by studying conditional dependences between items in intelligence tests and by using a dynamic, psychometric model of the selection of strategies. Another hypothesis emanates from the simulations of selectionist systems inspired by artificial intelligence. It suggests two main origins for the performance differences between these systems: The speed of the response generation, and the regulation of random variations that are the source of the discovery of new strategies. These differences between individuals can be observed by studying the similitudes between consecutive responses
El-Sayegh, Nicolas. "La motivation robotique." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1686.
Full textMangot, Mickaël. "Choix intertemporels : un modèle comportemental d'escompte quasi-hyperbolique." Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165187.
Full textDurand, Sylvain. "Sur quelques paradoxes en théorie du choix social et en décision multicritère." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006743.
Full textBeresniak, Ariel. "Le problème de la décision en bioéthique : exemple des écrits de Maimonide." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10295.
Full textBrisbois, Xavier. "Le processus de décision dans le choix modal : importance des déterminants individuels, symboliques et cognitifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556569.
Full textBadirou, Daoud. "Essai sur quelques aspects de la notion de pouvoir en théorie des jeux et en théorie du choix social." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN0643.
Full textTop, Faty Mbaye. "Propriétés des règles de vote à plusieurs tours : cas des préférences unimodales." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN0501.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the impact of single peaked preferences on the vulnerability of scoring run-off to variable electorate paradoxes. At first, we estimate, for three candidates, how frequent the abstention paradox is for scoring run-off, when preferences are single peaked. Comparing this first result with Lepelley and Merlin's, we see that single peaked preferences reduce the occurrence of the paradoxes of variable electorate for scoring run-off. At second, we increase the number of candidates in order to generalize the first result. Finally, we see that single peaked preferences can't decrease the vulnerability of scoring run-off to variable electorate because the second result show that probabilities increase largely comparing with the first result
Wistrom, Bettina. "Un thermomètre moral : le qaly, une approche éthique et économique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010027.
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