Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Choir competition'
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Masuelele, Oreeditse Patrick. "Social cohesion in school Choir competitions: the experiences of conductors and adjudicators." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80469.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Humanities Education
PhD
Unrestricted
Schnyder, Simon. "Essays on political agency : term limits, yardstick competition and political budget cycles." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G008.
Full textThe thesis applies the concept of the political agency. The first chapter develops a simple model of political agency to expose the main lessons of the literature. The second chapter contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon of the last term effect, which appears when a politician is not reeligible, and raises the taxes and spending. I show that it is rational for a benevolent politician to set spending and taxes below the levels preferred by the voter. If reelected the benevolent politician catches up with the level of spending preferred by the voter. Tax and spending increases observed in a final term are only partly explained by a lack of fiscal discipline and another part of the explanation lies in the existence of a first term effect. Chapter three focuses on the institutional determinants of the pre-electoral political budget cycles. The originality of this work is to identify the effect of the term limit legislation on the nature and the extent of political budget cycles. The empirical framework is that of the gubernatorial elections in the U. S. States. Political budget cycles are different depending on whether or not the states have a term limit legislation. The pre-electoral tax cuts are seen only in states without a term limit. The fourth chapter analyzes the interaction of the laboratory federalism and the yardstick competition. It shows that yardstick competition may slow down the uptake and dissemination of the best policies. When the belief of the voter about a the policy is strong, an elected official may in fact be encouraged to follow the view of the voter, regardless of his private information about the best policies
Sassi, Syrine. "Essays on production market competition." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0125.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the effect of product market competition on corporate decisions and firm valuation. It is a collection of three essays. The first one examines the role of competition in driving the choice of debt source. Using a large sample of U.S. listed firms over the period 2001-2013, we show that product market competitive pressure is negatively associated with bank debt financing. This result is consistent with the view that competition plays an effective governance role that disciplines managers, and hence substitutes for the need to bank strict monitoring. In further analysis, we also show that the negative impact of competition on bank debt financing is stronger for firms with a higher exposure to competition and tighter financial constraints as they are more sensitive to external market discipline.The second essay explores whether product market competition matters for investment decisions, and more specifically labor investment decisions. To test our research hypotheses, we consider a large sample of U.S. listed firms over the 1998-2013 period and provide strong evidence that product market competitive pressure distorts labor investment efficiency. This result highlights the risk-increasing effect of competition. To the extent that firms in competitive industries have lower profit margins and higher bankruptcy risk, they are more willing to under-invest in labor in order to reduce labor costs and avoid further earnings declines. In addition, our cross-sectional tests show that the negative impact of competition on labor investment efficiency is intensified for firms with a higher exposure to competition, tighter financial constraints, and higher labor unionization rates.The third essay further investigates the implications of product market competition by examining its impact on the cost of equity capital which is viewed as one of the key considerations for managers in their investment and financing decisions. We employ a large panel of U.S. listed firms from 1998 to 2013 and find that firms facing intense competitive pressure have a lower cost of equity financing. Additionally, we show that the role of competition in reducing equity financing costs is more pronounced for firms with a higher exposure to competition and firms with poorer governance quality. Taken together, our findings suggest that product market competition serves as an external disciplinary mechanism that improves investors’ beliefs in the stock market, hence leading to a lower cost of equity capital
Concettini, Silvia. "Competition in electricity markets : retailers, generators and technologies." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100033/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to answer to three questions raised by the wave of reform in electricity industries: has retail liberalization achieved its objectives in European Union? How traditional and renewable generators compete in a liberalized market? What is the impact on congestion and zonal price differences of increased production from renewable intermittent sources in Italy? The first chapter provides a mid-term evaluation of liberalization of electricity retailing in Europe. We propose a comprehensive theory on retail liberalization and test its consistency with the practice in European Union. The analysis highlights the presence of an oligopolistic supply structure, a limited level of customer engagement in the market and asymmetries in the rate and speed of cost-pass through. The attribution of the Default/Last Resort service through an auction mechanism seems the best solution to favor the development of competition. In the second chapter we study the strategic interactions between a traditional generation technology and a renewable one characterized by an intermittent availability of capacity. We employ a modified version of the Dixit model for entry deterrence with two post entry competition settings: the Cournot framework in a two stage game and the dominant firm-competitive fringe setting in a three stage game. In both cases, the analysis suggests that the renewable generator exploits the merit order rule to crowd out the production of its rival. In the third chapter we analyze the impact of renewable generation on congestion and zonal price differences in Italy. Using a unique database we estimate two econometric models on five zonal pairings: a multinomial logit model for the occurrence and direction of congestion and an OLS model for the size of paired-price differences. The analysis shows that in an importing region the effect of a larger local renewable supply is to decrease (increase) the probability of congestion in entry (exit). Increasing renewable generation seems to have a significant impact on the islander zones, decreasing (increasing) the level of positive (negative) price differences
Nicolle, Ambre. "Essays in empirical industrial organization : demand and supply in the mobile telecommunications market." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD009/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of mobile telecommunication markets, in exploring how structure, technological investments of players and regulation have affected prices of services; but also in measuring the magnitude of consumer inertia and myopia in a rapidly evolving environment. The first chapter investigates determinants of mobile services price drop in France between 2011 and 2014.Based on a hedonic price regression, this study provides evidence of introduction of a new technology and competition being responsible for most of the price reduction. The second chapter questions howinter-temporal trade-off of consumers selecting a handset and a tariff has been affected by the increasing availability of sim-only contracts. Estimating a discrete choice model based on choice setswhich combine extensive number of tariffs and handsets, it is possible to capture an average level of consumer’s myopia. Results show myopia decreased along with emergence of sim-only contracts and converge towards a value which is close to what has been estimated in other markets, meaning consumers only exhibit a modest undervaluation of future. The third chapter measures the magnitude inertia in repeated choice of smartphones. Exploiting data of handset switchings between 2012 and 2014 of sim-only consumers, we estimate discrete choice models to estimate switching costs between brandsand operating systems. We then rely on our model to simulate market shares without inertia and showthat the market share of Android and smaller operating systems would increase at the expense of the market share of iOS
Giani, Marco. "Essays on Political Behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/247053.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Suire, Alexandre. "Évolution de la voix humaine : le rôle de la sélection sexuelle." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG027.
Full textIt has been suggested that the deep voices of men have been selected through intrasexual competition to signal dominance, threat and masculinity to competitors, whereas the high voices of women have been selected through intersexual competition to signal fertility and femininity. Indeed, beyond the linguistic message, the human voice conveys valuable biological and social information about the quality and condition of the speakers such as sex, age, body configuration, personality and possibly social status. These cues are crucial when assessing competitors and potential sexual partners. In this thesis, we studied the functional role of the human voice through the lens of sexual selection. Firstly, our work suggests that vocal preferences are not universal and depend on the culture under study, since several of our results in a population of French speakers show that men are attracted by relatively low-pitched voices in women, as opposed to what has been observed in English speaking populations. Likewise, most studies have focused on pitch and timbre, but our results suggest that phenotypic quality may be expressed through other elements of voice quality such as roughness, breathiness, and various prosodic elements. Secondly, the evolutionary interpretations hitherto evoked in the literature to explain these preferences remain unsatisfactory. Indeed, our results show that, on one hand, men's voices are not correlated with testosterone levels, suggesting that they are not a “honest” signal of immunocompetence and, on the other hand, that vocal modulation, which corresponds to a dynamic modification of voice quality in an interactional context, emphasizes the importance of studying voice in ecologically valid situations. Finally, we have shown through the principle of sound symbolism that the sexual dimorphism of the human voice is also reflected in the sound composition of first names and their attribution according to sex. To conclude, the present work offers several new lines of research and establishes sexual selection as a key evolutionary paradigm to study the human voice
Jaeck, Mélanie. "Emergence d'une complémentarité stratégique entre agriculture et biodiversité dans les territoires à haute valeur environnementale. L'exemple de la Camargue." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0013.
Full textIn this research, we assessed the emergence of a strategic complementarity between farming and biodiversity, in a landscape with a high environmental value. We rely on the Rhone river delta, wetland of international interest, and well known biodiversity's hotspot. We examine the conditions of emergence of the organic agriculture in this particular context. The market conditions, more precisely the presence of imperfect competition for input (seeds and herbicides) are putting several constraints on adaptation's strategies accessibles to firms. As a consequence, the main way to adapt is the control of input supply. We study at which conditions an interior equilibrium does exist. The study of economic factors of rice' cultivar's diversity in farms in the Camargue area confirm the role played by niche strategies, and highlight the importance of market opportunities and commercial networks in the cultivar's portfolio choices made by farmers. They are naturally playing in interaction with factors governing the costs and benefits of managing a greater cultivar's diversity. Finally, the choice experiments survey put emphasis on the influence of collective norms in farmers' preferences for production technologies. The results show that a large majority of rice producers are adopt agro-ecological technologies at a price of monetary incentives equivalent to those obtained currently from the CAP, without conditions. Thus, the future of agricultural development in the Camargue area should be associated with environmental preservation. This de facto strategic complementarity could enables stakeholders and public authorities to design future public policies and give a conditional support to a sustainable agriculture
Chen, Minghui. "Analyse de la concurrence intermodale : l'évaluation de la qualité des dessertes ferroviaires et aériennes." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2080.
Full textThe high speed line (Ligne à Grande Vitesse Sud Europe Atlantique) that has been operating since July 2, 2017, reduced train travel time by 1 hour on the Paris-Bordeaux line. The expected impacts are an improvement of the competitiveness of rail transport and a modal shift from plane to train. In this thesis, we are interested in the effects of this new railway infrastructure on travellers’ modal choice behaviour. In particular, we are interested in the quality of transport timetable and their impact on the travel behaviour.The quality of transport timetable is an important issue for the various relevant stakeholders. The total number of trains or intermediate stops are not sufficient for a relevant evaluation. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to demonstrate, from the theoretical and empirical point of view, that the relevant approach must be based on activity programs and not just on transport supply.We presented indicators for a better evaluation of the effects related to the quality of transport timetable on travellers’ modal choice. The analysis begins with indicators that provide complementary information to the standard indicators to a more sophisticated model that are able to take into account the characteristics of opportunities in destination. We directed our research to a disaggregated approach while ensuring the measurability of the indicators.Two methods are presented in this thesis: indicators of useful time at destination and the combined modal choice – schedule choice model. Using the first method, we improve our knowledge of the effects related to the quality of transport timetable with a new module integrated in modal choice models. With the second method, we study the research problem with a combined model structure that explains both the modal choice and the schedule choice. These methods are developed on the basis of discrete choice models.We performed an econometric analysis of passenger demand on the Paris - Bordeaux route with "passenger" survey data. We show that the variables specifically constructed for the evaluation of the quality of transport timetable are relevant to explain the travellers’ modal choice.This thesis is organized as follows:In the first part, we present the competition issues in the transport market. Among the different forms of competition, we are interested in intermodal competition. It helps us to understand what is involved in competition questions in the transport market and why this issue is important. This theoretical part includes a literature review that helped us to elaborate our research problem.We present, in the second part, our methods to study the quality of transport timetable: the useful time at destination and the combined modal choice – schedule choice model. In this methodological part, we also present the principles based on discrete choice theory that are the basis of our analysis.The context of our case study, the data and the results are presented in the third part. The advantages and disadvantages of our method are presented in this part of this thesis
Gayet, Guillaume. "Colonisation d'un écosystème d'eau douce hétérogène, par un oiseau d'eau herbivore : le cygne tuberculé (Cygnus olor) dans les étangs piscicoles de Dombes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20119.
Full textIn some cases, wetland colonization by animals and plants may be a major threat to biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to better understand the ecology of colonizing species to assess their relationships with the other elements of ecosystems. We studied the consequences of the relatively recent colonization of French fishponds by mute swan (Cygnus olor). We especially considered how such colonization now translates into space, through the analysis of habitat selection processes. Our results show that swan distribution within a fishpond landscape depends on fishpond spatial configuration (area isolation), available resources as well as mute swan breeding status. We then analysed the relationships between mute swan and fishpond animal and plant communities. Where swan pair settle, we do not demonstrate any effect of swan presence on the abundance of other waterbirds, nor any spatial exclusion within fishponds. Conversely, mute swans can signif icantly deplete aquatic macrophyte beds, suggesting cascade effects on other fishpond communities are possible. Like any perturbation caused by a colonizing species, that associated with swan arrival however has to be considered in the broader context of perturbation regimes onto the ecosystem. This is especially crucial in ecosystems like fishponds, that are so much dependent upon human activity
Baniel, Alice. "Conflits reproductifs chez un primate social vivant en milieu naturel, le babouin chacma (Papio ursinus)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT112.
Full textIn group-living species, individuals of both sexes can interfere with the sexuality and social alliances of females, which may profoundly influence their reproductive strategies. Renewed attention in the operation of sexual selection on females shows that competition among females to secure reproductive resources, such as mates or allomaternal care, is common. However, to date, female reproductive competition has received little attention in polygynous species. In an attempt to fill this gap, we investigated the determinants of female reproductive competition in a polygynous primate society, the chacma baboon, focussing on a wild Namibian population. Our findings highlight that the frequency of aggression is most intense among females who are reproductively synchronous and who share the same male carer of their offspring. Females also harass sexually receptive females who attempt to mate with their offspring’s carer, likely to prevent further conceptions with him. Overall, competition to secure male carers seems to play an important role in shaping female reproductive strategies in polygynous species where males may provide females with important fitness benefits. We then examined constraints exerted by males on female sexuality. Males and females often have diverging reproductive optima, which underpins sexual conflict. In some species, males may use sexual coercion, in the form of repeated aggression before or during female sexual receptivity to induce females into mating or prevent them from mating with rivals. Here, we tested whether male aggression directed at females represents sexual coercion in chacma baboons. In support of the sexual coercion hypothesis, we found that male aggression against females is most intense when females are sexually receptive, increases male mating success with the harassed female on the short-term, and increases his chances to monopolize her around ovulation on the longer-term. Altogether, these results shed light on the determinants, intensity and evolutionary consequences of social constraints exerted on female sexuality in polygynous primates, and highlight that reproductive conflicts play a primary role in structuring female-female and male-female relationships
Midamegbe, Afiwa. "Sélection sexuelle et les traits des femelles : la mésange bleue comme modèle d'étude." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20142/document.
Full textIn mutually ornamented species, female conspicuous traits could be non-functional by-products of sexual selection acting on male traits or could be directly under selection. The aim of this PhD was to test the hypothesis of sexual selection in Blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) females on three traits present in both males and females: (1) the structural coloration of the UV/blue crown, (2) the yellow chest coloration based on carotenoids and (3) aggressiveness. To do so, we experimentally tested (1) the links between plumage coloration and the transfer of potentially beneficial components in egg yolks, (2) the condition-dependence of the plumage coloration, (3) the use of the plumage coloration in female-female interactions and (4) the link between female aggressiveness and investment in reproduction. Finally, we explored the role of female plumage coloration in male mate choice by testing the link between female UV/blue crown coloration and the n umber of extra-pair young in the nest and by estimating whether the individuals were assortatively mated in respect of their yellow and blue coloration in the studied population. Our results suggest that (1) there is a link between female plumage coloration and maternal quality, (2) plumage UV/blue and yellow coloration is condition-dependant, (3) the UV/blue crown is used as a badge of status in female-female interactions, (4) there could be a trade-off between female aggressiveness and female investment in reproduction and (5) there is a potential mutual mate choice based on both coloration. So, this PhD supports the hypothesis that in a mutually ornamented species, female ornaments are potentially under direct sexual selection
Van, Der Meer Ester. "Is the grass greener on the other side? : testing the ecological trap hypothesis for African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in and around Hwange National Park." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10095/document.
Full textWhen animals show a preferential choice for sink habitat they are said to have been caught in an ecological trap. Habitat choice behaviour is beneficial in classic source-sink systems, as animals living in high quality habitat (natality>mortality) only choose to migrate into low quality habitat (natality
Martono, Nanang. "La politique d'assurance de la qualité au lycée en Indonésie : le système d’accréditation, la perception du public, et la compétition." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2062.
Full textThis study describes the implementation of high school quality assurance system in the reform era in Indonesia; interpretation of government, schools, and societes about school quality; and school quality assurance policy implications.In general, there are some national education policies to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. First, the government established "BSNP" (bureau of national educational standards) to develop national education standards. Second, the government organized a national examination (called Ujian Nasional or UN). UN is a system of educational assessment at the national level. Third, the government provides "BOS" (School Operation Support) for all schools. This is a financial aid for each school. Fourth, the government provides "teaching certification". This program is a certification process for teachers and lecturers. Fifth, the government has changed the paradigm of learning. Previously the process of learning was "teacher centered learning". After that, the government transformed this model into "student centered learning". Sixth, the government increased the national education budget amounted to 20% of national income. Seventh, the implementation of MBS (Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah) or school-based management. MBS is a management system that provides broad autonomy to schools to manage resources according to the needs of the school.This study shows different opinions about the quality of the school. The government saw the quality of the school of the success of the eight schools meet educational standards. According to school principals and teachers, the government should review the efforts to improve the quality of school because each school has different conditions. Input conditions are the factors that influence these differences. These include socio-economic capabilities of students, student intelligence, and so forth. Geographical factors of schools also determine the success of the school to meet those standards.Students and parents have a practical idea. They see the quality of schools with indicators that ca: the school facilities, the number of applicants, school achievement, the quality of graduates, the quality of teachers, and other factors. They do not see the status of accreditation. School is a practical consideration for parents. They chose a school close to home to save on transport costs.This study also shows that competition emerges between schools due to the difference of schools ability and pragmatic view of society. Sociologically, the difference of schools’ quality has caused competition among schools in Indonesia. Public schools have to compete with private schools, as well as with other public schools. School choice policies have motivated parents to choose the desired schools freely
Zidat, Timothée. "Communication chimique chez un mammifère social et monogame : rôle dans la sélection sexuelle et les relations entre groupes?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1072.
Full textChemical communication (or olfaction) is the most common form of communication in the animal kingdom and plays an essential role in mediating social and reproductive behaviour. During my Ph.D. thesis, I study the role of chemical communication in a social species, the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota). I was first interested in the role of olfaction in sexual selection context. The Alpine marmot is a cooperative breeder and only the dominant pair access to the reproduction, generating an intense intra-sexual competition for access to reproduction. By analysing anal gland secretions of 154 individuals with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, I found that anal gland secretions could inform on sexual maturity, social status and sex. This information may be involved in intra-sexual competition in this species. Furthermore, although being a socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity occurs in the Alpine marmot. Females choose males with an optimal genetic compatibility (relatedness and genotype to the Major Histocompatibility Complex). By analysing anal gland secretions of 63 sexually mature marmots, I found a significant concordance between chemical distance and relatedness, allowing females to assess the genetic compatibility of the potential partners. Finally, the Alpine marmot as being a territorial species, I was interested in the role of olfaction in relations between groups. For this, I tested the "dear enemy" hypothesis and I highlighted that any stranger to the social group is considered as an enemy of the group. To conclude, chemical communication plays an essential role in social and reproductive interactions in social species
Barus, Lita Sari. "Contribution to the intercity modal choise considering the intracity transport systems : application of an adapted mixed multinomial Logit model for the Jakarta-Bandung corridor." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2223/document.
Full textAn ideal city or intercity transport system is one where all the transport networks, involving in general different modes of transport, could serve together the cities connections to fulfill a passenger demand and satisfaction. Each transport network should have a logical layout (as possible with minimum discontinuities) to meet the required demands. Also in that ideal system, the different modes of transport should not only have their own good performances but also the exchange between modes should be done with harmony. The conditions as mentioned above are worldwide challenges. The present work deals with the transportation problematic between two Indonesian cities, and also with the high modal competition on the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. On that corridor, road transport is currently the main demanding mode for passengers transportation. The airlines cannot compete and discontinued their operations to this route. Nowadays, railway transport is decaying. Passengers preferences are the main variables for the final modal choice. It is necessary to know preferences due to their decisions impacts to choose one mode over the others. Those preferences are in fact not simple to express in a complex city and intercity transport system. In transportation, the Logit model is widely used as a method to explore the problematic of modal choices involving a lot of different variables. There are several Logit models already developed, such as “General Extreme Value”, “Probit”, and “Nested model”, but in this research, they are not compatible to solve our defined problems because there are some particular identified variables to be taken into account. Therefore we propose the "Adapted Mixed Multinomial Logit (AMML)" Model as a tool for analysis towards passenger's decision in modal choices. On the Jakarta-Bandung corridor, modal choices are influenced by the encountered problems in intercity transport at origin and destination. One part on this research deals with identification and understanding of the intracity transport problems of origin and destination on the choice of transport mode in Jakarta-Bandung corridor (Jakarta-Bandung and Bandung-Jakarta direction). The second part of this research deals with the final decision process by analyzing the results of questionnaires addressed to many users of the Jakarta-Bandung corridor. The five main variables of the last questionnaire are travel time, overall cost, security conditions, quality of travel information and connectivity conditions relevant to intercity transport and intracities transport conditions as well. After validation of the questionaires, this research uses the AMML model to get final decision result by comparing one mode among three intercity transport mode (train, minibus, and car) using the values of the variables. Taking into account the characteristics of each intercity mode of transportation, the analysis identifies the most competitive intercity transport mode for each situation from departure city to arrival city. Using alternative public and private transport modes policies, one could in the future modify passenger choice on intercity transport mode. Therefore, this study is relevant for improving of intracity and intercity transport systems
David, Morgan. "Personnalité, stratégies d'approvisionnement et d'appariement chez les diamants mandarins (Taeniopygia guttata)." Thèse, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4943/1/D2346.pdf.
Full textBriend, Cyril. "Le contrat d'adhésion entre professionnels." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB177/document.
Full textThe professional, supposed to be able to defend his interests, by opposition to the employee or the consumer, has proven to also be victim of imbalanced contracts for a few decades. The emergence of powerful private companies in various sectors clearly leads to inequalities between professionals. Our study underlines the difficulty to find the best criterion to identify what a professional weaker party is. It is impossible to say that globally such company is stronger than another because the legal person party to the agreement can hide many interests, which are hard to seize at first sight. Nor can the judge arbitrate prices in an authoritarian way without risking a misappropriation of his part. We shall side for this idea: a business-to-business agreement is to be qualified of adhesion contract as long as it does not give place to adequate bargaining; so the judge has to look the bargaining process and the circumstances preceding the contract. Many criteria can help the judge such as the size of the company, market parts, exchanged words, the good or bad faith of the parties or the efforts they have made. If we consider the bargain analysis as the ultimately rightest choice, we have to contemplate its limitations. It would not be realistic to consider that the judge could always discover every circumstance prior to the agreement. This is why we shall join a system of presumptions - albeit rebuttable - to the bargain analysis, when the difference of size of companies or the disproportion of provisions is obvious. We shall put into light the strategies used by strongest parts to bypass the bargain analysis, such as harmful clauses or internationalization tactics. Thus, we shall opt for high obligatory standards, as well as in national law than in international law. Once the bargain analysis is done, we shall try to suggest sanctions adapted to the concern. The judge, in our opinion, must be able to modify the agreement in a very flexible way, either retroactively or during the implementation of the said agreement. The gravity of various contractual behaviors must lead us to think about a form of criminal law or a "quasi criminal" law in order to combat those behaviors in a more suitable mean. Nevertheless, the protection of the professional weaker part is also to be dealt on a procedural ground. A proceeding for interim measures is likely to face the needs for celerity, which bother the weakest parts for their action. We shall also underline the advantages of a class action, which could overcome the financial issue of the lawsuit. Conversely, the legal security of business will bring us to foster a protection by a soft law system. First Part: The identification of the business-to-business adhesion contract. Second Part: The judicial treatment of business-to-business adhesion contracts
Chang, Hsiang-yin, and 張湘英. "From Children Psychological and Physical Development Aspects to Research the Appropriateness of Judge''s Selected Songs in National Elementary Choir Competition-During the School Years from 1997 to 2006." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90018639750147657077.
Full text國立臺南大學
音樂學系教學碩士班
96
The purpose of this research is to study the appropriateness, from children’s psychological and physical development aspects, of judges’ selected songs in national elementary choir competition for children at ages 9-12. First of all, the literature review was done in children cognitive development, theory of moral development, and psychosocial developmental theory to understand the children’s adaptability of pronunciation and lyrics comprehension during various stages of physical and mental development. Secondly, the degree of difficulty and limitation in song performance for children was studied based on children’s vocal range and tessitura limitation through children’s music psychology and children’s audible physiology. Finally, the conclusion and suggestion were made by comparing similarities and differences between the judges’ selected songs and contestants’ own selected songs during the years of 2005 to 2006. This research used literature review, historical study, and analytical comparison through analysis, induction, and comparisons to come to the following conclusions and suggestions. 1.It was found that the mental, physical status, lyrics comprehension, articulation, vocal range, and tessituran of 9 to 12 years old children were more mature. However, the proper instruction and guidance were necessary to perfect the development of vocal range and transforming tessitura. 2.It was concluded that the articulation of song was not difficult to the children based on the analysis of the lyrics, articulation, vocal range, and tessituran limitation. However, the performance difficulty would increase dramatically if the meaning and connotation of the lyrics, vocal range, and tessituran were not chosen carefully according to children’s age. 3.Both the National Music Competition judges’ selected songs and contestants’ own chosen songs in recent years all emphasized on the lyrics close to children’s lives and ages, appropriate language, and vocal range according to this study. Both ignored the limitation of tessitura in choosing the songs. The difference between them was that the judges’ selected songs focused more on lyrics connotation and language variety; however, the contestants tended to choose songs with higher degree of difficulty in vocal range and tessitura. 4.The purpose of this research is to provide suggestions to contest organizers, song writers, and school teachers based on the conclusion of this study. It is hoped that researchers can use it as teaching and research reference.
Lee, Pei-yun, and 李佩芸. "A Study of Selected Repertoire for Children Choir Competitions." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01013096714133413452.
Full text國立臺南大學
音樂學系教學碩士班
98
This thesis is composed of four main sections: 1. Literature Research in <The National Musical Competitions for Students>: Research the history and evolution of <The National Musical Competitions for Students>, and analyze the song selections and categories in Children Choir Competitions from 2004 to 2008, so as to understand the different song fondness of northern, middle and southern areas. 2. The Musical Performance and Interpretation of Children Choir Competitions Select the 3 most repeated songs in the musical competition; make a content outline based on to their musical creation background and lyrics. Use tonality, harmony, rhythm, melody and other musical elements as basis to the singers’ interpretation, also can be a reference in musical competitions and choral teaching. 3. The Musical Performance and Interpretation of 10 Sacred Music Works: Provide 10 sacred music works suitable for choir competitions; base on the musical contents and performance techniques, to give appropriate musical interpretations and opinions for reference in choral teaching. 4. Propose research conclusions and suggestions on the above three sections.
Nzimande, Sipho Justice. "Choral competitions : a critical appraisal of their relevance to music education in KwaZulu." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/730.
Full textA big question for the researcher is whether the current school choir competitions have positive or negative effects on the choristers and the rest of the community. Therefore the aim of this study is to look for the possibilities of enriching this choral practice or drawing everyone's realisation to the effects that exist in choral competitions. The procedure of interviews and questionnaires has been employed because not much information about this study has been investigated and preserved. The habit of competitions is retraced back from the Zulu culture, where there exists a non-musical competition. Speech and melody, harmony and rhythm is cited with the nature and African tendencies in mind. The NATAL AFRICAN TEACHERS' UNION is an organisation that has made and kept school competitions going. Four regions of NATAL have been used as a field of study. This is because each of these regions has a college, and colleges also serve as a source of information. Questions used during research have been justified with an intention of making it possible for the researcher to get information related to attitude, experience, amount of participation and the level of literacy.
CHUNG, YI, and 鍾儀. "Analysis of Signs and their Textual Significance in Design Creation: A Case Study of Yilan Chair Design Competition." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4246z6.
Full text國立臺北藝術大學
藝術行政與管理研究所
105
Consumer society impact on place development increasingly. Under the circumstances, there are more culture commodities that are designed with elements of regional culture. Those commodities present unique product image to consumers, and help showing the regional culture and contributing to the economic growth. In Taiwan, Yilan County started local development with the government’s policy in 1980. It has been created the unique place image by various policies and different communication media. Recently, Yilan County continued creating cultural Representation by developing Local Cultural and Creative Industry. This thesis analyzed the case of Yilan Chair Design Competition. In this thesis, the design products and its word description in this competition were the text that could represent regional culture. This thesis use semiotics as an analytical framework to classify Yilan’s regional culture signs, and also find the signifier and signified of these signs. On the other hand, product semantics were used to clarify the design methods of these products. The thesis also analyzed the denotation and connotation to understand their product image. At last, the thesis explored the multiple meanings in the Yilan Chair Design Competition to understand how to bring out Yilan County’s image. The study result found that the design products had a variety of Yilan’s regional culture signs, and most of the culture signs were turn into specific images. Overall, the place images of these design products are friendly, natural, rural, and nostalgic. Furthermore, Yilan Chair Design Competition is considered as a platform of communication with designers, the continuance of International Children's Folklore & Folkgame Festival, a part of local cultural and creative industry policies, and a example of Local Brand. All of these complicate meanings can make the possibility of Yilan Myth.
Landry, Alexandra. "Déterminants des choix alimentaires d'athlètes adolescents en période de compétition." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10982.
Full textThis study was part of the project entitled "Food choices of Canadian adolescents and attitudes of coaches involved in organized sports". The objectives were to assess in athletes involved in a provincial sport competition where the food supply is controlled 1) their compliance to dietary recommendations 2) the individual, behavioural, social-environmental factors influencing their food choices. Two observers visited food services and competition sites during the 2011 Quebec Games in Valleyfield. The athletes’ trays were photographed at the table during mealtime with a digital camera. Oral comments were collected. A total of 173 photographs were analyzed and compared to recognized sport nutrition recommendations. In this study, food preferences, food supply and teammates were the factors that influence the most food choices in competition. However, the sex of the athletes observed did not influence their food choices. 85,4% of the trays of the pre-game meal showed an energy value above the recommendations and 66,3% of them showed an inadequate distribution of macronutrients, regardless of gender. An excess of lipids and proteins within the pre-game meal characterized the trays when energy distribution was not optimal (69,5%). Recommendations in the post-competition phase (100%) and during rest days (95,8%) were easily met. The same observation can be made for hydration (99,4%). Chocolate milk is the most popular drink (59,5%). Grain products (99,4%), milk and alternatives (87,3%), vegetables (85,7%), meat and alternatives (83,2%), foods rich in sugar (79,8%), fruits (70,5%) and meals rich in fat (59,4%) are especially appreciated by athletes. Comments from the athletes dividing foods into "good" or "bad" showed a dichotomous view of food. Our study shows that established food policies help to promote healthy eating habits and to encourage consumption of nutritious foods during a major sporting event. However, nutrition education is still required to reach an improved food behaviour of athletes before exercise.
Iannuzzi, Pietro. "L'obligation de non-concurrence dans les sociétés de professionnels : vers une théorie de liberté de choix contractuelle." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2359.
Full textProfessional parlnerships offer services to the public and in the services industry the most valuable asset to an enterprise is its clients. Due to the nature of competition in the marketplace, an entreprise wishes to protect its most valuable asset. Professionals have a right to work and wish to protect their clients. Non-competition clauses are thus designed to strike a balance between the deparling professional's right to work and the parlnership's right to protect its clients. Although the caselaw in matters of restrictive convenants as they apply to employment contracts and sales of enterprises is well-established, more consideration is needed in matters relating to non-competition clauses between professionals and the parlnerships in which they worked given the Iimited caselaw and doctrine on the subject. In fact, non-competition clauses as they relate to professionals must take into account factors such as the public's right to choose a professional provided for in specifie Codes of Ethics and, with respect to attorneys, present in the Canadian and Quebec Charlers. Our objective is to bring to light these factors as they apply to professionais and professional parlnerships. Our analysis emphasizes freedom to contract between professionals given the commercial nature of professional services confirmed by the Civil Code of Quebec in 1994 in its definition of the notion of enterprise. The caselaw demonstrates that Courts have generally recognized that non-competition clauses entered into by competent professionals are valid insofar as they are reasonable. The clauses must therefore respect the traditional criteria of limitation in time and space. However, public order considerations with respect to professionals dictate that clients have a right to choose their professionals given the intimate nature that often characterizes professional client relationships. In order to respect this right Courts have been reluctant to impose injunctions on the professionals that compete for the clients with their former firm. However, the balance between the interests of the professional partnership and those of the professional and the client is struck by enforcing penal clauses against the departing professional thus imposing monetary sanctions that serve to protect the economic interests of the partnership. Final/y, the obligation of loyalty and trust that an employee owes to his employer provided for in article 2088 of the Quebec Civil Code also applies to professionals whether they are salaried or partners in the partnership. In addition, all professionals are subject to the obligations contained in their respective Code of Ethics such as professional secrecy. Therefore, the obligation of loyaltyand trust (fiduciary obligations) of the professional extend not only to the employer but to the client thus confirming the unique status of professionals in the workplace.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M.)"