Journal articles: 'Choice reversal'

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Zhang, Nian, Yiyuan Zhang, and Xia Luo. "Travel decision reversals paradox of competitive metro lines: The Equate-to-differentiate Theory Interpretation." MATEC Web of Conferences 308 (2020): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030803007.

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Based on the equate-to-differentiate theory, this paper studies the paradox of preference reversal and choice reversal in traffic decision-making in parallel sections of Chengdu Metro Line No.2 and No.4. Travel decision reversals: preference reversals phenomenon (PRP) and choice reversals phenomenon (CRP) are found in the travel investigation for Chengdu Metro Line No.2 and No.4, and the reversals cannot be well explained by random error. Through experimental design of cautious control, the existence of these phenomena is confirmed. This paper establishes the judgment dimension system of option attributes, and designs three groups of psychological experiment in certain, uncertain and risk scenarios. Data analysis shows that PRP and CRP can be explained by the equate-to-differentiate interpretation. The phenomena of reversal are not due to the fact that preference and choice really reverses, but the variable strategic process. The equate-to-differentiate interpretation shows good consistency in the experiments and can predict and explain the preference and choice reversal of travel decision. At last, a comparative analysis which compares the results of the two models of the decision field theory is made and finally the conclusion is obtained.

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Gelinas, Luke. "Frames, Choice-Reversal, and Consent." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 18, no. 5 (March 14, 2015): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-015-9581-9.

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Tsetsos, Konstantinos, Marius Usher, and Nick Chater. "Preference reversal in multiattribute choice." Psychological Review 117, no. 4 (2010): 1275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020580.

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Zhou, Yan-Bang, Qiang Li, and Hong-Zhi Liu. "Visual attention and time preference reversals." Judgment and Decision Making 16, no. 4 (July 2021): 1010–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500008068.

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AbstractTime preference reversal refers to systematic inconsistencies between preferences and bids for intertemporal options. From the two eye-tracking studies (N1 = 60, N2 = 110), we examined the underlying mechanisms of time preference reversal. We replicated the reversal effect in which individuals facing a pair of intertemporal options choose the smaller-sooner option but assign a higher value to the larger-later one. Results revealed that the mean fixation duration and the proportion of gaze time on the outcome attribute varied across the choice and bid tasks. In addition, time preference reversals correlated with individual differences in maximizing tendencies. Findings support the contingent weighting hypothesis and strategy compatibility hypothesis and allow for improved theoretical understanding of the potential mechanisms and processes involved in time preference reversals.

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Neeman, Itay. "Necessary use of induction in a reversal." Journal of Symbolic Logic 76, no. 2 (June 2011): 561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1305810764.

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AbstractJullien's indecomposability theorem (INDEC) states that if a scattered countable linear order is indecomposable, then it is either indecomposable to the left, or indecomposable to the right. The theorem was shown by Montalbán to be a theorem of hyperarithmetic analysis, and then, in the base system RCA0 plus induction, it was shown by Neeman to have strength strictly between weak choice and comprehension. We prove in this paper that induction is needed for the reversal of INDEC. that is for the proof that INDEC implies weak choice. This is in contrast with the typical situation in reverse mathematics, where reversals can usually be refined to use only induction.

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Moen, Espen R., and Christian Riis. "Policy Reversal." American Economic Review 100, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 1261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.3.1261.

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We analyze the existence of policy reversal, the phenomenon sometimes observed that a certain policy (say extreme left-wing) is implemented by the “unlikely” (right-wing) party. We formulate a Downsian signaling model where the incumbent government, through its choice of policy, reveals information both regarding own preferences and external circumstances that may call for a particular policy. We show that policy reversal may indeed exist as an equilibrium phenomenon. This is partly because the incumbent party has superior opportunities to reveal information, and partly because its reputation protects a left-wing incumbent when advertising a right-wing policy.

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Seabrooke, Tina, Andy J. Wills, Lee Hogarth, and Chris J. Mitchell. "Automaticity and cognitive control: Effects of cognitive load on cue-controlled reward choice." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 6 (September 10, 2018): 1507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818797052.

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The extent to which human outcome–response (O-R) priming effects are automatic or under cognitive control is currently unclear. Two experiments tested the effect of cognitive load on O-R priming to shed further light on the debate. In Experiment 1, two instrumental responses earned beer and chocolate points in an instrumental training phase. Instrumental response choice was then tested in the presence of beer, chocolate, and neutral stimuli. On test, a Reversal instruction group was told that the stimuli signalled which response would not be rewarded. The transfer test was also conducted under either minimal (No Load) or considerable (Load) cognitive load. The Non-Reversal groups showed O-R priming effects, where the reward cues increased the instrumental responses that had previously produced those outcomes, relative to the neutral stimulus. This effect was observed even under cognitive load. The Reversal No Load group demonstrated a reversed effect, where response choice was biased towards the response that was most likely to be rewarded according to the instruction. Most importantly, response choice was at chance in the Reversal Load condition. In Experiment 2, cognitive load abolished the sensitivity to outcome devaluation that was otherwise seen when multiple outcomes and responses were cued on test. Collectively, the results demonstrate that complex O-R priming effects are sensitive to cognitive load, whereas the very simple, standard O-R priming effect is more robust.

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Li, Shu. "Is There a Problem with Preference Reversals?" Psychological Reports 74, no. 2 (April 1994): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.2.675.

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The fact that any of a number of measurement mechanisms can be used to identify an invariable choice is called into question. It is suggested that documented preference reversals do not reflect an actual reversal of preference but rather an inadequate knowledge of what the preference is.

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Guo, Liang. "Contextual deliberation and the choice-valuation preference reversal." Journal of Economic Theory 195 (July 2021): 105285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2021.105285.

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Beeby, Emma, and K. Geoffrey White. "PREFERENCE REVERSAL BETWEEN IMPULSIVE AND SELF-CONTROL CHOICE." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 99, no. 3 (February 25, 2013): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.23.

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Thomas, Jean-Louis, François Wu, and Mathias Fink. "Time Reversal Focusing Applied to Lithotripsy." Ultrasonic Imaging 18, no. 2 (April 1996): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173469601800202.

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Time reversal of ultrasonic field allows a very efficient approach to focusing pulsed ultrasonic waves through lossless inhomogeneous media. Time reversal mirrors (TRM) are made of large transducer arrays, allowing the incident acoustic field to be sampled, time reversed and re-emitted. Time reversal processing permits a choice of any temporal window to be time reversed, allowing operation in an iterative mode. In multitarget media, this process converges on the most reflective target, i.e., the dominant scatterer. In this paper, the time reversal process is applied to track, in real time, a moving gall bladder or kidney stone embedded in its surrounding medium. We investigate the feasibility of a piezoelectric shock wave generator in which the focal zone is moved electronically to track the stone during a lithotripsy treatment. We show that TRM allows us to obtain sharp focusing on one bright point of the stone. The time of flight profile is then determined and used in a least-mean-square method to calculate the spatial coordinates of the stone.

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Ng, Jing-Yu, Frederick H. Koh, Danson Yeo, Sheldon Jin-Keat Ng, Kok-Yang Tan, and Ker-Kan Tan. "Patients need to know that ileostomy following anterior resection may not be reversed." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20182208.

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Background: A diverting ileostomy is often created following a low colorectal anastomosis to reduce the clinical consequences of an anastomotic leak. Whilst many patients are advised that these ileostomies are temporary, not all stomas will eventually be closed. This study aimed to look at the reversal rates of diverting ileostomy following anterior resections, and the reasons for delayed or non-reversal.Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent an anterior resection with a diverting ileostomy from March 2011 to March 2013 was performed.Results: A total of 115 patients had a diverting ileostomy following anterior resection within the study period. Seventy-six (66.1%) patients had a reversal before March 2016. The median time to reversal was 8 months (range, 1-26 months) with only 13% reversed within 12 weeks. Two patients (2.6%) had anastomotic leaks post ileostomy reversal requiring surgery and 1 patient (1.3%) had significant hematochezia requiring hospitalization. In the 39 (33.9%) patients who did not have their ileostomies reversed, deterioration in the fitness of the patient for surgery was the most commonly cited reason (n=12, 30.8%). This was followed by disease progression (n=9, 23.1%) and patient’s choice (n=8, 20.5%).Conclusions: One in 3 diverting ileostomies performed following anterior resection is not reversed. The interval time to its closure is longer than typically expected. Patients should be made aware of the significant possibility of non-reversal.

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Butler, David J., and Graham C. Loomes. "Imprecision as an Account of the Preference Reversal Phenomenon." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.1.277.

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Many individuals' choices and valuations involve a degree of uncertainty/imprecision. This paper reports an experiment designed to obtain some measure of imprecision and to examine the extent to which it can explain preference reversals of two opposite forms, one of which appears not to have been reported previously. The model of imprecision we examine not only predicts both patterns but also provides an account of earlier results that are otherwise not well explained. The results suggest that any successful descriptive theory of choice and valuation will need to allow in some way for the imprecision surrounding people's decisions. (JEL C91, D11, D81)

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Scotto, M. "Smooth Periodic Eye Movements Can Entrain Perceptual Alternation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 73, no. 3 (December 1991): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.73.3.835.

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The reversal signals and eye movements of three subjects looking at a Necker cube that moved sinusoidally in the subject's field of view were recorded. The aim of the experiment was to provide evidence of possible synchronisation of perceptual alternation with smooth periodic eye movements. The occurrence of synchronisation was demonstrated for a proper choice of the eye oscillation period by both a sharp reduction in the fluctuations of the reversal time and a change in the mean value of this parameter. Such variations resulted in a close match of the mean reversal time to a multiple of the eye oscillation period. Further, inversions of the direction of eye movements elicited pattern reversals in a systematic way, characteristic for each subject. The described phenomenon, which is a typical example of nonlinear-resonant behaviour, stresses a new important aspect of the complex interaction pattern relating pursuit eye movements to visual perception.

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Loshchinin, Mykhaylo, Yurii Privalov, and Yuriy Sapelkin. "Ethical criteria of civilization choice." Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, Stmm 2019 (1) (March 22, 2019): 92–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2019.01.092.

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The article discusses the understanding of civilizational choice as a sequence of political, social, cultural and other historical events. An assessment is made of the scale of social actions aimed at the civilizational reversal of society. The authors attempted to assess the risks of civilizational choice along the social vertical, using previously developed theoretical models of social risks for a socially heterogeneous society. In the course of the study, different phenomena related to the solution of the problem of ethics of civilizational choice were considered.

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Xu, Ping, Jiuqing Cheng, and Hui Sang. "The effect of risk on intertemporal choice and preference reversal." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 117, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.732.

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Loomes, Graham, Chris Starmer, and Robert Sugden. "Preference Reversal: Information-Processing Effect or Rational Non-Transitive Choice?" Economic Journal 99, no. 395 (1989): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234076.

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Bubboloni, Daniela, and Michele Gori. "On the reversal bias of the Minimax social choice correspondence." Mathematical Social Sciences 81 (May 2016): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2016.03.003.

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Casari, Marco, and Davide Dragone. "Choice reversal without temptation: A dynamic experiment on time preferences." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 50, no. 2 (April 2015): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11166-015-9211-x.

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Hallam, S., BS Mothe, and RMR Tirumulaju. "Hartmann’s procedure, reversal and rate of stoma-free survival." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 100, no. 4 (April 2018): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2018.0006.

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Background Hartmann’s procedure is a commonly performed operation for complicated left colon diverticulitis or malignancy. The timing for reversal of Hartmann’s is not well defined as it is technically challenging and carries a high complication rate. Methods This study is a retrospective audit of all patients who underwent Hartmann’s procedure between 2008 and 2014. Reversal of Hartmann’s rate, timing, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, length of stay and complications (Clavien–Dindo) including 30-day mortality were recorded. Results Hartmann’s procedure (n = 228) indications were complicated diverticular disease 44% (n = 100), malignancy 32% (n = 74) and other causes 24%, (n = 56). Reversal of Hartmann’s rate was 47% (n = 108). Median age of patients was 58 years (range 21–84 years), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 2 (range 1–4), length of stay was eight days (range 2–42 days). Median time to reversal of Hartmann’s was 11 months (range 4–96 months). The overall complication rate from reversal of Hartmann’s was 21%; 3.7% had a major complication of IIIa or above including three anastomotic leaks and one deep wound dehiscence. Failure of reversal and permanent stoma was less than 1% (n = 2). Thirty-day mortality following Hartmann’s procedure was 7% (n = 15). Where Hartmann’s procedure wass not reversed, for 30% (n = 31) this was the patient’s choice and 70% (n = 74) were either high risk or unfit. Conclusions Hartmann’s procedure is reversed less frequently than thought and consented for. Only 46% of Hartmann’s procedures were stoma free at the end of the audit period. The anastomotic complication rate of 1% is also low for reversal of Hartmann’s procedure in this study.

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Horan, Sean, and Yves Sprumont. "Two‐stage majoritarian choice." Theoretical Economics 17, no. 2 (2022): 521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te4712.

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We propose a class of decisive collective choice rules that rely on a linear ordering to partition the majority relation into two acyclic relations. The first of these relations is used to pare down the set of the feasible alternatives into a shortlist while the second is used to make a final choice from the shortlist. Rules in this class are characterized by four properties: two classical rationality requirements (Sen's Expansion Consistency and Manzini and Mariotti's Weak WARP); and adaptations of two classical collective choice requirements (Arrow's Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives and Saari and Barney's No Preference Reversal Bias). These rules also satisfy some other desirable properties, including an adaptation of May's Positive Responsiveness.

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Skipper, Gill. "Temporary loop ileostomy or permanent end colostomy for low rectal cancer: making the right choice." Gastrointestinal Nursing 17, Sup9 (November 1, 2019): S36—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2019.17.sup9.s36.

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Low rectal cancer is treated by surgical removal of part of the colon via abdominoperineal resection (APR), ultra-low Hartmann's (ULH) or low anterior resection (LAR), followed by stoma formation. APR and ULH always result in a permanent end colostomy. LAR usually results in anastomosis with a defunctioning loop ileostomy, which can be reversed to restore mostly normal bowel function, making it the procedure of choice. A stoma can be difficult to manage, getting more so with age or infirmity, and complications are frequent, so a temporary stoma is generally preferable for a patient's wellbeing. However, a loop ileostomy is usually more problematic than a permanent colostomy, with greater chance of high output. Meanwhile, reversal surgery is not guaranteed, carries some risk and often results in reduced bowel function. The colorectal multidisciplinary team (MDT) and, in elective surgery, the patient, must decide which is the most appropriate option. The stoma care nurse (SCN) has a vital role in providing pre-operative assessment, supporting informed decision making and siting the stoma, as well as postoperative follow up and support up to and following stoma reversal.

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Halloran, Megan A., and Thomas R. Zentall. "The Midsession Reversal Task with Pigeons Does a Brief Delay Between Choice and Reinforcement Facilitate Reversal Learning?" Behavioural Processes 177 (August 2020): 104150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104150.

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Goldstein, Daniel G., Hal E. Hershfield, and Shlomo Benartzi. "The Illusion of Wealth and Its Reversal." Journal of Marketing Research 53, no. 5 (October 2016): 804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0652.

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Research on choice architecture is shaping policy around the world, touching on areas ranging from retirement economics to environmental issues. Recently, researchers and policy makers have begun paying more attention not just to choice architecture but also to information architecture, or the format in which information is presented to people. In this article, the authors investigate information architecture as it applies to consumption in retirement. Specifically, in three experiments, they examine how people react to lump sums versus equivalent streams of monthly income. Their primary question of interest is whether people exhibit more or less sensitivity to changes in retirement wealth expressed as lump sums (e.g., $100,000) or monthly equivalents (e.g., $500 per month for life). They also test whether people exhibit an “illusion of wealth,” by which lump sums seem more adequate than monthly amounts in certain conditions, as well as the opposite effect, in which lump sums seem less adequate. They conclude by discussing how format-dependent perceptions of wealth can affect policy and consumers’ financial decision making.

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Bostic, Raphael, R. J. Herrnstein, and R. Duncan Luce. "The effect on the preference-reversal phenomenon of using choice indifferences." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 13, no. 2 (March 1990): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(90)90086-s.

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Basel, Jörn Sebastian, and Rolf Brühl. "Choice reversal in management decisions: the seductive force of new information." Journal of Business Economics 86, no. 4 (November 17, 2015): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11573-015-0792-2.

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Ke, Xue, Shengdong Lin, and Xiaoqing Cai. "Perceptual Fluency and Preference Reversal." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 39, no. 7 (August 1, 2011): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.7.947.

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We examined how perceptual fluency affects risk preference judgments and explored 1 important boundary condition for its effect. All participants were presented with a lottery scenario that required them to choose between a lottery ticket and a coupon that they could redeem when making a purchase or to set a price at which they would sell the same lottery ticket. Perceptual fluency was elicited by asking participants to read the scenario set out in a way that was either easy or difficult to understand. The results showed that when the likelihood of getting a desirable outcome was relatively high, participants who experienced decreased perceptual fluency tended to be risk aversive in the choice task but risk seeking in the pricing task. Accordingly, several mechanisms are discussed that potentially underlie this preference reversal effect along with theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

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Xiao, Renbin, Tongyang Yu, and Jundong Hou. "Modeling and Simulation of Opinion Natural Reversal Dynamics with Opinion Leader Based on HK Bounded Confidence Model." Complexity 2020 (March 28, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7360302.

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Opinion natural reversals are important and common phenomena in network management. It is a naturally emerging process of opinions characterized by interactions between individuals and the evolution of attitudes themselves. To explore the underlying mechanism of this social phenomenon and to reveal its dynamic traits, we propose here a novel model which takes the effects of natural reversal parameter and opinion interaction on the individual’s view choice behavior into account based on the Hegselmann and Krause (HK) bounded confidence model. Experimental results show that the evolution of individual opinions is not only influenced by the interactions between neighboring individuals but also updated naturally due to individual factors themselves in the absence of interaction, which in turn proves that the proposed model can provide a reasonable description of the entire process of public opinion natural reversal under the Internet environment. Besides, the proportion of group opinion tendency, network topology, identification method, and the influence weight of opinion leader will play significant roles in this process, which further indicates our improved model is very robust and thus can provide some insightful evidence to understand the phenomena of opinion natural reversal.

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Green, Michael S., Archana Gundigi Venkatesh, and Ranjani Venkataramani. "Management of Residual Neuromuscular Blockade Recovery: Age-Old Problem with a New Solution." Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8197035.

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Neostigmine has been traditionally used as the agent of choice to reverse Neuromuscular Blockade (NMB) after muscle paralysis during general anesthesia. However, the use of neostigmine has not been without untoward events. Sugammadex is a novel drug that selectively binds to aminosteroid nondepolarizing muscle relaxants and reverses even a deep level of NMB. Controversy exists regarding the optimal dose of sugammadex that is effective in reversing the NMB after the incomplete reversal with neostigmine and glycopyrrolate. We discuss a case where sugammadex reduced the time of the recovery from NMB in a patient who had incomplete antagonisms following adequate treatment with neostigmine, aiding timely extubation without persistent residual NMB, and hence prevented the requirement of postoperative ventilation and the improvement in patient care. More randomized control studies are needed in order to conclude the appropriate dose of sugammadex in cases of incomplete reversal.

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Chaudhary, Rahul, Amteshwar Singh, Rohit Chaudhary, Michael Bashline, Damon E. Houghton, Alejandro Rabinstein, Jill Adamski, et al. "Evaluation of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Reversal Agents in Intracranial Hemorrhage." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): e2240145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.40145.

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ImportanceDirect oral anticoagulant (DOAC)–associated intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has high morbidity and mortality. The safety and outcome data of DOAC reversal agents in ICH are limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and outcomes of DOAC reversal agents among patients with ICH.Data SourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched from inception through April 29, 2022.Study SelectionThe eligibility criteria were (1) adult patients (age ≥18 years) with ICH receiving treatment with a DOAC, (2) reversal of DOAC, and (3) reported safety and anticoagulation reversal outcomes. All nonhuman studies and case reports, studies evaluating patients with ischemic stroke requiring anticoagulation reversal or different dosing regimens of DOAC reversal agents, and mixed study groups with DOAC and warfarin were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and abstracted data. Data were pooled using the random-effects model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was proportion with anticoagulation reversed. The primary safety end points were all-cause mortality and thromboembolic events after the reversal agent.ResultsA total of 36 studies met criteria for inclusion, with a total of 1832 patients (967 receiving 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate [4F-PCC]; 525, andexanet alfa [AA]; 340, idarucizumab). The mean age was 76 (range, 68-83) years, and 57% were men. For 4F-PCC, anticoagulation reversal was 77% (95% CI, 72%-82%; I2 = 55%); all-cause mortality, 26% (95% CI, 20%-32%; I2 = 68%), and thromboembolic events, 8% (95% CI, 5%-12%; I2 = 41%). For AA, anticoagulation reversal was 75% (95% CI, 67%-81%; I2 = 48%); all-cause mortality, 24% (95% CI, 16%-34%; I2 = 73%), and thromboembolic events, 14% (95% CI, 10%-19%; I2 = 16%). Idarucizumab for reversal of dabigatran had an anticoagulation reversal rate of 82% (95% CI, 55%-95%; I2 = 41%), all-cause mortality, 11% (95% CI, 8%-15%, I2 = 0%), and thromboembolic events, 5% (95% CI, 3%-8%; I2 = 0%). A direct retrospective comparison of 4F-PCC and AA showed no differences in anticoagulation reversal, proportional mortality, or thromboembolic events.Conclusions and RelevanceIn the absence of randomized clinical comparison trials, the overall anticoagulation reversal, mortality, and thromboembolic event rates in this systematic review and meta-analysis appeared similar among available DOAC reversal agents for managing ICH. Cost, institutional formulary status, and availability may restrict reversal agent choice, particularly in small community hospitals.

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Salehjawich, Arwa, Veronika Günther, Zino Ruchay, Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi, Juhi Dhanawat, Nicolai Maass, Johannes Ackermann, Julian Pape, and Ibrahim Alkatout. "Robot-Assisted Tubal Reanastomosis after Sterilization: A Choice for Family Planning." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 4385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154385.

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A variety of procedures have been used for family planning. One of these is sterilization surgery, which can be reversed by a tubal reanastomosis. In the present report, we compare Robot-assisted tubal reanastomosis sterilization with other methods of family planning and discuss factors related to the choice of the approach. The keywords used for the electronic search in PubMed were family planning, sterilization, Robot-assisted, tubal reanastomosis, depression, and regret. The decision in favor of or against sterilization surgery has been a sensitive issue for several years. Robot-assisted technology is a modern and precise approach. It has contributed to the flexibility of the decision between sterilization and its reversal through tubal reanastomosis, as well as enhanced the success rate of the surgery. Based on our analysis of the published literature, we believe that Robot-assisted tubal anastomosis is the optimum approach. However, to ensure the quality of health care, the surgeon must be well trained, well versed with the anatomy of the fallopian tubes, and thoroughly informed on the psychological impact of family planning.

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Johnson, Carolyn, and Linda Wilbrecht. "Juvenile mice show greater flexibility in multiple choice reversal learning than adults." Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 1, no. 4 (October 2011): 540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2011.05.008.

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Sánchez-Garduño, Faustino, Pedro Miramontes, and Tatiana T. Marquez-Lago. "Role reversal in a predator–prey interaction." Royal Society Open Science 1, no. 2 (October 2014): 140186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140186.

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Predator–prey relationships are one of the most studied interactions in population ecology. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility of role exchange between species, despite firm field evidence of such phenomena in nature. In this paper, we build a mathematical model capable of reproducing the main phenomenological features of role reversal in a classical system and present results for both the temporal and spatio-temporal cases. We show that, depending on the choice of parameters, our role-reversal dynamical system exhibits excitable-like behaviour, generating waves of species' concentrations that propagate through space. Our findings fill a long-standing gap in modelling ecological interactions and can be applicable to better understanding ecological niche shifts and planning of sustainable ecosystems.

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Hendricks, Lutz, Christopher Herrington, and Todd Schoellman. "College Quality and Attendance Patterns: A Long-Run View." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 184–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20190154.

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We construct a time series of college attendance patterns for the United States and document a reversal: family background was a better predictor of college attendance before World War II, but academic ability was afterward. We construct a model of college choice that explains this reversal. The model’s central mechanism is that an exogenous surge of college attendance leads better colleges to be oversubscribed, institute selective admissions, and raise their quality relative to their peers, as in Hoxby (2009). Rising quality at better colleges attracts high-ability students, while falling quality at the remaining colleges dissuades low-ability students, generating the reversal. (JEL I23, J12, N32)

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Kremers, S., A. Fichtner, G. B. Brietzke, H. Igel, C. Larmat, L. Huang, and M. Käser. "Exploring the potentials and limitations of the time-reversal imaging of finite seismic sources." Solid Earth 2, no. 1 (June 21, 2011): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-2-95-2011.

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Abstract. The characterisation of seismic sources with time-reversed wave fields is developing into a standard technique that has already been successful in numerous applications. While the time-reversal imaging of effective point sources is now well-understood, little work has been done to extend this technique to the study of finite rupture processes. This is despite the pronounced non-uniqueness in classic finite source inversions. The need to better constrain the details of finite rupture processes motivates the series of synthetic and real-data time reversal experiments described in this paper. We address questions concerning the quality of focussing in the source area, the localisation of the fault plane, the estimation of the slip distribution and the source complexity up to which time-reversal imaging can be applied successfully. The frequency band for the synthetic experiments is chosen such that it is comparable to the band usually employed for finite source inversion. Contrary to our expectations, we find that time-reversal imaging is useful only for effective point sources, where it yields good estimates of both the source location and the origin time. In the case of finite sources, however, the time-reversed field does not provide meaningful characterisations of the fault location and the rupture process. This result cannot be improved sufficiently with the help of different imaging fields, realistic modifications of the receiver geometry or weights applied to the time-reversed sources. The reasons for this failure are manifold. They include the choice of the frequency band, the incomplete recording of wave field information at the surface, the excitation of large-amplitude surface waves that deteriorate the depth resolution, the absence of a sink that should absorb energy radiated during the later stages of the rupture process, the invisibility of small slip and the neglect of prior information concerning the fault geometry and the inherent smoothness of seismologically inferred Earth models that prevents the beneficial occurrence of strong multiple-scattering. The condensed conclusion of our study is that the limitations of time-reversal imaging – at least in the frequency band considered here – start where the seismic source stops being effectively point-localised.

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McLaughlin, John P., and Julie Kermisch. "Salience of Compositional Cues and the Order of Presentation in the Picture Reversal Effect." Empirical Studies of the Arts 15, no. 1 (January 1997): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dckt-46w3-hvea-um76.

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Paintings containing cues suggesting left-to-right (LTR) motion are preferred by dextrals over their mirror-reversed versions (RTL) in forced-choices between the simultaneously-presented alternatives. To eliminate a simultaneous-contrast interpretation of the effect and to determine whether motion cues influence choice when paintings are seen alone, a successive-presentation procedure was used. When an LTR version preceded the RTL version, the LTR version was preferred within the pair by dextrals and also was preferred more frequently than RTL versions shown first Thus, these compositional features of single versions were noticed and affected judgment. An order-of-presentation effect was also found, in that the first member of a pair was preferred. Possible explanations for this are considered.

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Mandler, Peter. "EDUCATING THE NATION: IV. SUBJECT CHOICE." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 27 (November 1, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440117000020.

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ABSTRACTThis address tracks the choices made by students at English schools (O-Level, GCSE and A-Level) and at British universities (undergraduate degree) of what subjects to study over the whole of the period since the Second World War. There are marked long-term trends towards a greater diversity in subjects studied, especially at A-Level and degree level, and this tended to reduce over time the dominance of science, to the advantage of a range of subjects including social studies, traditional humanities and latterly creative arts. These trends reflect (most of all) the growing size and diversity of the student body staying on to further study, but also the broadening of the labour market which this more diverse body of students is entering, and social and cultural changes favouring creativity and self-expression in education. The address closes with a reflection on the possible significance of a very recent halting and even a reversal of these trends in subject choice, to the apparent benefit of the sciences.

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Pérez Claudio, Eddie, Yoselyn Rodriguez-Cruz, Okan Can Arslan, Tugrul Giray, José Luis Agosto Rivera, Meral Kence, Harrington Wells, and Charles I. Abramson. "Appetitive reversal learning differences of two honey bee subspecies with different foraging behaviors." PeerJ 6 (November 21, 2018): e5918. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5918.

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We aimed to examine mechanistically the observed foraging differences across two honey bee, Apis mellifera, subspecies using the proboscis extension response assay. Specifically, we compared differences in appetitive reversal learning ability between honey bee subspecies: Apis mellifera caucasica (Pollman), and Apis mellifera syriaca (Skorikov) in a “common garden” apiary. It was hypothesized that specific learning differences could explain previously observed foraging behavior differences of these subspecies: A.m. caucasica switches between different flower color morphs in response to reward variability, and A.m. syriaca does not switch. We suggest that flower constancy allows reduced exposure by minimizing search and handling time, whereas plasticity is important when maximizing harvest in preparation for long winter is at a premium. In the initial or Acquisition phase of the test we examined specifically discrimination learning, where bees were trained to respond to a paired conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and not to respond to a second conditioned stimulus that is not followed by an unconditioned stimulus. We found no significant differences among the subspecies in the Acquisition phase in appetitive learning. During the second, Reversal phase of the experiment, where flexibility in association was tested, the paired and unpaired conditioned stimuli were reversed. During the Reversal phase A.m. syriaca showed a reduced ability to learn the reverse association in the appetitive learning task. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that A.m. syriaca foragers cannot change the foraging choice because of lack of flexibility in appetitive associations under changing contingencies. Interestingly, both subspecies continued responding to the previously rewarded conditioned stimulus in the reversal phase. We discuss potential ecological correlates and molecular underpinnings of these differences in learning across the two subspecies. In addition, in a supplemental experiment we demonstrated that these differences in appetitive reversal learning do not occur in other learning contexts.

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Gulati, Vivek, Simon Newman, Kenneth J. Porter, Luis C. S. Franco, Tom Wainwright, Chika Ugoigwe, and Robert Middleton. "Implications of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in patients presenting with hip fractures: a current concepts review." HIP International 28, no. 3 (May 2018): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700018759300.

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The increasing use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of thromboembolic disease poses a significant challenge to orthopaedic surgeons treating elderly patients presenting with proximal femoral fractures. Early surgical intervention is known to be beneficial from a clinical perspective and has been encouraged in the UK through the introduction of best practice tariffs providing increased remuneration for prompt treatment. An understanding of the necessary delay to surgery or reversal options for each type of antiplatelet or anticoagulant agent is therefore important. A number of professional bodies have recently produced guidelines that help clinicians manage these patients during the peri-operative period. We review the guidelines relating to antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents during the perioperative period with respect to hip fracture surgery. Antiplatelet agents should not interfere with timing of surgery, but may affect the choice of anaesthetic performed. The action of warfarin should be reversed to expedite surgery. Newer direct oral anticoagulants are more problematic and surgical delay may be necessary, though reversal agents are becoming available.

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Song, Kanghyun, and Seok-Woo Son. "Revisiting the ENSO–SSW Relationship." Journal of Climate 31, no. 6 (March 2018): 2133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0078.1.

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Stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events exhibit pronounced interannual variability. Based on zonal wind reversals at 60°N and 10 hPa, it has been suggested that SSW events occur more preferentially during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) winters (both El Niño and La Niña winters) than during ENSO-neutral winters. This relationship is reevaluated here by considering seven different SSW definitions. For all definitions, SSW events are detected more frequently during El Niño winters than during ENSO-neutral winters, in agreement with a strengthened planetary-scale wave activity. However, such a systematic relationship is not found during La Niña winters. While three SSW definitions, including the wind-reversal definition, show a higher SSW frequency during La Niña winters than during ENSO-neutral winters, other definitions show no difference or even lower SSW frequency during La Niña winters. This result, which is qualitatively insensitive to the choice of reanalysis datasets, ENSO indices, and SST datasets, indicates that the reported ENSO–SSW relationship is dependent on the details of the SSW definition. This result is interpreted in terms of different background wind, latitudinal extent of wind reversal, and planetary-scale wave activity during El Niño and La Niña winter SSW events.

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Kautz, Madeleine E., Ruth M. DeBar, Jason C. Vladescu, and Richard B. Graff. "A Further Evaluation of Choice of Task Sequence." Journal of Special Education 52, no. 1 (October 17, 2017): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022466917735655.

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Although choice of task has been effective in reducing noncompliance, it may provide an opportunity to escape from less-preferred tasks. We used a reversal design to evaluate the effects of choice of a low-preference task sequence on noncompliance, task engagement, and duration to complete activities across two individuals with autism spectrum disorder and one participant with a speech and language impairment. Choice of task sequence effectively reduced noncompliance across two participants. For the third participant, choice was initially effective although treatment effects failed to replicate. Task engagement was greater during choice than the no-choice condition for one participant, while there were no meaningful differences for the remaining two participants. Duration to complete tasks was similar across conditions across participants. During choice, noncompliance generalized to a novel teacher and the effects maintained across two participants. Social validity of the procedures and outcomes were assessed and found to be favorable.

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Ahmed, Utban, Saber Nasroui, Moez Louati, and Mohamed S. Ghidaoui. "Time-reversal in phononic crystal-based water filled pipe." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015916.

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Time-reversal based source localization in a conventional water-filled pipe using acoustic waves is hamstrung by the diffraction limit (λ/2). In this paper, time reversal in a novel metamaterial-based water pipeline is studied where a conventional rigid pipe is modified to have periodic square corrugations. Based on the choice of periodicity, such a novel waveguide can support subwavelength resonance in the low frequency regime while exhibiting Bragg resonance, avoided crossing of modes and forbidden bands in diffraction regime. This paper focuses on the latter such that a band structure is obtained. Full wave simulation performed on COMSOL verifies the phononic crystal-like properties in the diffraction regime. Time reversal refocusing is performed by placing a point source in the middle of the corrugated section while a receiver outside the said section records the response of the system. The receiver acts as a Time Reversal Mirror (TRM) such that it flips and reinjects the recorded signal into the system which retraces its path and focuses on its source. Time-reversal refocusing is found to be sensitive to the recorded frequency grains in addition to the energy propagated from the source such that if the source encompasses a band gap, the time reversal quality deteriorates.

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Filarowska-Jurko, Joanna, Lukasz Komsta, Irena Smaga, Paulina Surowka, Marta Marszalek-Grabska, Pawel Grochecki, Dorota Nizio, Malgorzata Filip, and Jolanta H. Kotlinska. "Maternal Separation Alters Ethanol Drinking and Reversal Learning Processes in Adolescent Rats: The Impact of Sex and Glycine Transporter Type 1 (GlyT1) Inhibitor." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 5350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105350.

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Adverse early life experiences are associated with an enhanced risk for mental and physical health problems, including substance abuse. Despite clinical evidence, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are not fully understood. Maternal separation (MS) is a commonly used animal model of early neglect. The aim of the current study is to determine whether the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)/glycine sites are involved in vulnerability to alcohol consumption (two-bottle choice paradigm) and reversal learning deficits (Barnes maze task) in adolescent rats subjected to the MS procedure and whether these effects are sex dependent. By using ELISA, we evaluated MS-induced changes in the NMDAR subunits (GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B) expression, especially in the glycine-binding subunit, GluN1, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral striatum (vSTR) of male/female rats. Next, we investigated whether Org 24598, a glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor, was able to modify ethanol drinking in adolescent and adult male/female rats with prior MS experience and reversal learning in the Barnes maze task. Our findings revealed that adolescent MS female rats consumed more alcohol which may be associated with a substantial increase in GluN1 subunit of NMDAR in the PFC and vSTR. Org 24598 decreased ethanol intake in both sexes with a more pronounced decrease in ethanol consumption in adolescent female rats. Furthermore, MS showed deficits in reversal learning in both sexes. Org 24598 ameliorated reversal learning deficits, and this effect was reversed by the NMDAR/glycine site inhibitor, L-701,324. Collectively, our results suggest that NMDAR/glycine sites might be targeted in the treatment of alcohol abuse in adolescents with early MS, especially females.

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Robles-Pérez, Salvador J. "Time Reversal Symmetry in Cosmology and the Creation of a Universe–Antiuniverse Pair." Universe 5, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5060150.

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The classical evolution of the universe can be seen as a parametrised worldline of the minisuperspace, with the time variable t being the parameter that parametrises the worldline. The time reversal symmetry of the field equations implies that for any positive oriented solution there can be a symmetric negative oriented one that, in terms of the same time variable, respectively represent an expanding and a contracting universe. However, the choice of the time variable induced by the correct value of the Schrödinger equation in the two universes makes it so that their physical time variables can be reversely related. In that case, the two universes would both be expanding universes from the perspective of their internal inhabitants, who identify matter with the particles that move in their spacetimes and antimatter with the particles that move in the time reversely symmetric universe. If the assumptions considered are consistent with a realistic scenario of our universe, the creation of a universe–antiuniverse pair might explain two main and related problems in cosmology: the time asymmetry and the primordial matter–antimatter asymmetry of our universe.

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Balshine-Earn, Sigal, and Brendan J. Mcandrew. "Sex-Role Reversal in the Black-Chinned Tilapia, Sarotherodon Melanotheron (RÜPpel) (Cichlidae)." Behaviour 132, no. 11-12 (1995): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00045.

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AbstractIn the animal kingdom most species follow standard sex roles: males compete more intensely for mates and females exert greater mate choice. Recent theory suggests that the direction of sexual selection is the outcome of sexual differences in potential reproductive rates (PRRs): the sex with the higher PRR will compete for mates and the sex with the lower PRR will be most selective. This study tests the theory experimentally by examining competition for mates and mate choice in the black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron, a paternal mouth brooding cichlid. In this species, the PRR of males is lower than that of females. In laboratory competition trials, females were more aggressive: they bit, chased and initiated mouth fights more often than males. Dominant females were also much better at monopolising potential mates compared to dominant males. A second experiment confirmed that males were choosy for size, preferring large partners over small ones, while females did not discriminate for size. Therefore, the prediction of sex role reversal (competitive females and discriminating males) is confirmed.

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Couvillon, P. A., and M. E. Bitterman. "Performance of honeybees in reversal and ambiguous-cue problems: Tests of a choice model." Animal Learning & Behavior 14, no. 3 (September 1986): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03200062.

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Nakamura, Kazuo, Mitsue Kurasawa, and Yushiro Tanaka. "Apomorphine-induced hypoattention in rats and reversal of the choice performance impairment by aniracetam." European Journal of Pharmacology 342, no. 2-3 (January 1998): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01457-x.

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Garratt, Deborah, and Joseph V. Turner. "Providing women with full reproductive choice options: the point of researching medical abortion reversal." European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 23, no. 3 (April 19, 2018): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2018.1459545.

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Zgonnikov, Arkady, Nadim A. A. Atiya, Denis O’Hora, Iñaki Rañò, and KongFatt Wong-Lin. "Beyond reach: Do symmetric changes in motor costs affect decision making? A registered report." Judgment and Decision Making 14, no. 4 (July 2019): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500006136.

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AbstractExecuting an important decision can be as easy as moving a mouse cursor or reaching towards the preferred option with a hand. But would we decide differently if choosing required walking a few steps towards an option? More generally, is our preference invariant to the means and motor costs of reporting it? Previous research demonstrated that asymmetric motor costs can nudge the decision-maker towards a less costly option. However, virtually all traditional decision-making theories predict that increasing motor costs symmetrically for all options should not affect choice in any way. This prediction is disputed by the theory of embodied cognition, which suggests that motor behavior is an integral part of cognitive processes, and that motor costs can affect our choices. In this registered report, we investigated whether varying motor costs can affect response dynamics and the final choices in an intertemporal choice task: choosing between a readily available small reward and a larger but delayed reward. Our study compared choices reported by moving a computer mouse cursor towards the preferred option with the choices executed via a more motor costly walking procedure. First, we investigated whether relative values of the intertemporal choice options affect walking trajectories in the same way as they affect mouse cursor dynamics. Second, we tested a hypothesis that, in the walking condition, increased motor costs of a preference reversal would decrease the number of changes-of-mind and therefore increase the proportion of impulsive, smaller-but-sooner choices. We confirmed the hypothesis that walking trajectories reflect covert dynamics of decision making, and rejected the hypothesis that increased motor costs of responding affect decisions in an intertemporal choice task. Overall, this study contributes to the empirical basis enabling the decision-making theories to address the complex interplay between cognitive and motor processes.

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McMillan, Neil, Christopher B. Sturdy, and Marcia L. Spetch. "When is a choice not a choice? Pigeons fail to inhibit incorrect responses on a go/no-go midsession reversal task." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition 41, no. 3 (2015): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xan0000058.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Choice reversal'

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