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Journal articles on the topic 'Choice of markets'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

TAYLOR-GOOBY, PETER. "Markets and Motives Trust and Egoism in Welfare Markets." Journal of Social Policy 28, no. 1 (January 1999): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005450.

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Enthusiasm for the expansion of markets in welfare reflects the currency of assumptions derived from rational choice theory among policy-makers. This article reviews recent evidence from the ESRC's Economic Beliefs and Behaviour programme that calls into question the basic tenet of the rational choice approach – that individual choices are driven by instrumental rationality – and argues that welfare markets require a normative framework in which trust plays an important role. Experimental evidence from recent work in economic psychology indicates that individuals often display a level of trust in market interactions that is hard to explain on the basis of simple rationality, but that such trust is fragile and easily undermined by egoistic action. Lack of attention to the normative issues which the rational choice approach fails to capture may lead to the design of markets which are inefficient in meeting the aims of policy-makers and which deplete the moral legacy on which many welfare markets in practice depend.

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2

Nugroho, Taufiq Suryo, Chandra Balijepalli, and Anthony Whiteing. "Independent Retailer Restocking Choices in Urban Goods Movement and Interaction Effects with Traditional Markets." Networks and Spatial Economics 21, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 933–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11067-021-09555-4.

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AbstractTraditional markets play a key role in local supply chains in many countries, often influencing retailer decisions due to their inherent attractiveness. In contrast to restocking choices for retailers as part of large chains, choices of independent retailers driven by local traditional markets have not been widely researched and are not well understood. This paper analyses the factors influencing independent retailer restocking choices and investigates the interplay between the presence of traditional markets and retailer choices. Bandung city in Indonesia is chosen for the study where independent retailers are prevalent, and where a number of traditional markets are thriving. A retrospective questionnaire was used to capture independent retailer restocking behaviour and generation models were calibrated to arrive at the trip propensity. Discrete choice models were estimated to explain the retailer preferences for supplier location and transport service choice. Results indicate that trips generated by independent retailers are explained by the presence of traditional markets and retailers’ vehicle ownership, in addition to the standard variables such as number of persons employed, weekly goods demand and average shipment weight. As for restocking location choice, retailers are more likely to choose suppliers within a traditional market where the number of wholesaler units is larger. Furthermore, the choice of traditional markets has a positive influence on whether retailers choose to use their own vehicle to restock their shops.

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3

Peter, Fabienne. "CHOICE, CONSENT, AND THE LEGITIMACY OF MARKET TRANSACTIONS." Economics and Philosophy 20, no. 1 (April 2004): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267104001233.

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According to an often repeated definition, economics is the science of individual choices and their consequences. The emphasis on choice is often used – implicitly or explicitly – to mark a contrast between markets and the state: While the price mechanism in well-functioning markets preserves freedom of choice and still efficiently coordinates individual actions, the state has to rely to some degree on coercion to coordinate individual actions. Since coercion should not be used arbitrarily, coordination by the state needs to be legitimized by the consent of its citizens. The emphasis in economic theory on freedom of choice in the market sphere suggests that legitimization in the market sphere is “automatic” and that markets can thus avoid the typical legitimization problem of the state. In this paper, I shall question the alleged dichotomy between legitimization in the market and in the state. I shall argue that it is the result of a conflation of choice and consent in economics and show how an independent concept of consent makes the need for legitimization of market transactions visible.

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4

Lin, Huang. "Choice of Market Entry Mode in Emerging Markets." Journal of Global Marketing 14, no. 1-2 (December 4, 2000): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j042v14n01_05.

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5

Fowler, Timothy. "Markets, Choice and Agency." Res Publica 21, no. 4 (November 3, 2015): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11158-015-9297-7.

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6

Gerber, Anke, and Marc Oliver Bettzüge. "Evolutionary choice of markets." Economic Theory 30, no. 3 (December 8, 2005): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-005-0063-5.

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7

Glass, Gene V. "School Choice." education policy analysis archives 2 (February 20, 1994): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v2n6.1994.

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Eighteen educators and scholars discuss vouchers as a means of promoting school choice and introducing competition into education. The discussion centers around the thinking of the economist Herbert Gintis, who participated in the discussion, and his notion of market socialism as it might apply to education. In 1976, Gintis published, with Samuel Bowles, Schooling in Capitalist America; in 1994, he is arguing for competitive markets for the delivery of schooling.

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8

Afacan, Mustafa Oğuz, Piotr Evdokimov, Rustamdjan Hakimov, and Bertan Turhan. "Parallel markets in school choice." Games and Economic Behavior 133 (May 2022): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2022.03.003.

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9

Dale, Roger. "Educational Markets and School Choice." British Journal of Sociology of Education 18, no. 3 (September 1997): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0142569970180310.

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10

Dronkers, Jaap, Georges Felouzis, and Agnès van Zanten. "Education markets and school choice." Educational Research and Evaluation 16, no. 2 (April 2010): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2010.484969.

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11

Plott, Charles R. "Rational Choice in Experimental Markets." Journal of Business 59, S4 (January 1986): S301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/296368.

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12

Gersbach, Hans, and Hans Haller. "Households, markets and public choice." Mathematical Social Sciences 100 (July 2019): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2018.11.002.

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13

McKenzie, Richard B., and Dwight R. Lee. "Public choice in private markets." Society 29, no. 6 (September 1992): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02695267.

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14

LICHTER, DANIEL T., ROBERT N. ANDERSON, and MARK D. HAYWARD. "Marriage Markets and Marital Choice." Journal of Family Issues 16, no. 4 (July 1995): 412–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251395016004001.

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15

Dodds, Rachel, Mark Holmes, Vichukan Arunsopha, Nicole Chin, Trang Le, Samantha Maung, and Mimi Shum. "Consumer Choice and Farmers’ Markets." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 27, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-013-9469-4.

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16

Sorek, Gilad. "Competition and Product Choice in Option Demand Markets." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 785–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0164.

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Abstract This work presents the first analysis of competition through horizontal and vertical differentiation in option demand markets, which are common in the health-care sector. I studied two alternative market structures: (a) a “pure” option demand market where medical providers sell insurance directly to consumers and (b) a public insurance regime where the public insurer bargains over prices with providers before bundling both products under a single insurance policy. I show that (a) product choices in option demand markets differ greatly from those in respective spot markets and (b) bundling medical products under a single insurance policy alters product choices and equilibrium prices in a way that does not benefit consumers.

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17

Chambers, Christopher P., and M. Bumin Yenmez. "Choice and Matching." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20150236.

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We study path-independent choice rules applied to a matching context. We use a classic representation of these choice rules to introduce a powerful technique for matching theory. Using this technique, we provide a deferred acceptance algorithm for many-to-many matching markets with contracts and study its properties. Next, we obtain a compelling comparative static result: if one agent's choice expands, the remaining agents on her side of the market are made worse off, while agents on the other side of the market are made better off. Finally, we establish several results related to path-independent choice rules. (JEL C78, D11, D71, D86)

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18

Ozkan, Burhan, Ahmed Kasim Dube, and Ramu Govindasamy. "Market Outlet Choice and Its Effects on the Welfare of Smallholder Vegetable and Fruit Producers in Ethiopia." Horticulturae 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121148.

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The decision to choose an appropriate market outlet may involve a self-selection problem. This suggests that unobservable characteristics play an important role, and the examination of the impact of market outlet choice on smallholder household welfare needs to correct this selection bias. Consequently, this study, by using a multinomial endogenous treatment model, examined the determinants of market outlet choices and their subsequent effects on the welfare of smallholder vegetable and fruit producers in Ethiopia. The results on the determinants of market outlet choices obtained using this model indicated that distance to main roads, livestock ownership, access to extension, and cooperative membership influenced the decisions of smallholder farmers in one way or another. Furthermore, the model results obtained by correcting the selectivity indicated that, relative to formal markets, informal markets have a low impact on the welfare of smallholder farmers. Thus, alternative policy measurements aimed at improving the food security and welfare of smallholder farmers should be accompanied by improving their access to formal markets.

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19

Qu, Hui, and Ping Ji. "Adaptive Heterogeneous Autoregressive Models of Realized Volatility Based on a Genetic Algorithm." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/943041.

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The heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) models of high-frequency realized volatility are inspired by the Heterogeneous Market Hypothesis and incorporate daily, weekly and monthly realized volatilities in the volatility dynamics with a (1,5,22) time horizon structure. We build on the HAR models and propose a new framework, adaptive heterogeneous autoregressive (AHAR) models, whose time horizon structures are optimized by a genetic algorithm. Our models can be applied to markets with different heterogeneous structures, and their time horizon structures can be adjusted adaptively as the market's heterogeneous structure varies. Moving window tests with five-minute returns of the CSI 300 index indicate that the (1,5,22) structure originally proposed for American stock markets is not the best choice for Chinese stock markets, and Chinese stock markets’ heterogeneous structure does vary over time. Using four common loss functions, we find that the AHAR models outperform the corresponding HAR models in most of the forecast windows and thus are reasonable choices for volatility forecasting practices.

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20

Kangile, Rajabu Joseph, Charles Peter Mgeni, Zena Theopist Mpenda, and Stefan Sieber. "The Determinants of Farmers’ Choice of Markets for Staple Food Commodities in Dodoma and Morogoro, Tanzania." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050142.

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Institutional and policy-induced factors affect farmers’ decisions on the choice of the market to sell their staple foods. This results in low motivation to participate in the production and agricultural commodities’ commercialization. This study determines specific institutional and policy-induced factors affecting the farmers’ decisions regarding the staple food market choice in Tanzania. The study uses household survey data collected from 820 farmers raising staple food crops (maize, rice, sorghum, and millet) randomly selected from the Dodoma and Morogoro regions, Tanzania. The index method, descriptive statistics, and choice model (multinomial logit model) are used for data analysis. Qualitative policy analysis is used for analyzing policy-induced factors. Findings show a low level of integration of farmers into staple food markets, with female-headed households facing more hurdles in accessing markets than male-headed households. Age, formal training, the value of agricultural production, membership in organizations, access to credit, contractual arrangements, and distance to markets are significant factors driving farmers to choose a particular market to sell their produces. Restriction of selling and use of staple food commodities, instability of food policy administration, and procedural operation obstacles are found to be key policy-induced factors affecting the marketing of staple food commodities in Tanzania. The scale of production, as depicted by the value of production, and supply contract arrangement with buyers are important factors to ensure that farming households excel in lucrative markets through increased economies of scale and the ability to reach critical volumes for supplying to various markets. Supporting market linkage and infrastructure, as well as enforcing transparent and non-restrictive food marketing policies, would help many farmers enter into contractual arrangements that increase market access and improve market choices.

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21

Bhatt, Swati. "Strategic Product Choice in Differentiated Markets." Journal of Industrial Economics 36, no. 2 (December 1987): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2098413.

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22

Koplin, Julian. "Choice, pressure and markets in kidneys." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 5 (November 4, 2017): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104192.

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We do not always benefit from the expansion of our choice sets. This is because some options change the context in which we must make decisions in ways that render us worse off than we would have been otherwise. One promising argument against paid living kidney donation holds that having the option of selling a ‘spare’ kidney would impact people facing financial pressures in precisely this way. I defend this argument from two related criticisms: first, that having the option to sell one’s kidney would only be harmful if one is pressured or coerced to take this specific course of action; and second, that such forms of pressure are unlikely to feature in a legal market.

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23

Aït-Sahalia, Yacine, and Thomas Robert Hurd. "Portfolio Choice in Markets with Contagion." Journal of Financial Econometrics 14, no. 1 (December 2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjfinec/nbv024.

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24

Browne, F. X., and Patrick Honohan. "Portfolio choice in Irish financial markets." Economic Modelling 5, no. 1 (January 1988): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-9993(98)90003-7.

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25

Wang, Yusong, and David R. Bell. "Consumer store choice in Asian markets." Marketing Letters 26, no. 3 (April 10, 2015): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-015-9352-3.

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26

Dmitrii Trubnikov. "Regulation of Telecommunications: The Choice Between Market and Regulatory Failures." ENDLESS : International Journal of Future Studies 4, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/endless.v4i2.83.

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Abstract The paper examines the main regulatory frameworks of the telecommunications industry through the concept of market failure and analyses how and why the policy often leads to undesirable outcomes that might be considered as regulatory failure. The research uses the EU regulatory framework for electronic communications as a base for the analysis of the main policy objectives through the prism of the market failure theory with an eye to the interests of the main market players in the telecommunications markets. About any aspect of regulation allows to find ways to create opportunities for some groups of the industry and stifle activity of others. Despite the theory of market failure provides reasonable justifications for regulation of telecommunications markets, it is possible to argue that many of these problems are mainly the consequence of the policy and could be better solved by market mechanisms. The results of the research allow to look at the problems of telecommunications development and issues of the high level of concentration of the telecommunications markets as regulatory formed problems rather than consequences of the inherited industry’s characteristics.

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27

Trubnikov, Dmitrii. "Regulation of Telecommunications: The Choice Between Market and Regulatory Failures." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 9, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v9i1.21511.

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Purpose – The paper examines the main regulatory frameworks of the telecommunications industry through the concept of market failure and analyses how and why the policy often leads to undesirable outcomes that might be considered as regulatory failure. Methodology/approach/design – The research uses the EU regulatory framework for electronic communications as a base for the analysis of the main policy objectives through the prism of the market failure theory with an eye to the interests of the main market players in the telecommunications markets. Findings – About any aspect of regulation allows to find ways to create opportunities for some groups of the industry and stifle activity of others. Despite the theory of market failure provides reasonable justifications for regulation of telecommunications markets, it is possible to argue that many of these problems are mainly the consequence of the policy and could be better solved by market mechanisms. Originality/value – The results of the research allow to look at the problems of telecommunications development and issues of the high level of concentration of the telecommunications markets as regulatory formed problems rather than consequences of the inherited industry’s characteristics.

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28

Gintis, Herbert. "The Political Economy of School Choice." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 96, no. 3 (March 1995): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146819509600308.

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The analysis of the competitive delivery of educational services has often been coached in terms of an opposition between government regulation and the free market. This article suggests that regulation and markets may be complementary institutions that under appropriate conditions interact as a context for cost-effective equalitarian and socially accountable education.

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29

Wolf, Charles. "Market and Non-Market Failures: Comparison and Assessment." Journal of Public Policy 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004347.

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ABSTRACTThis paper aims to redress the asymmetry in the standard economic treatment of the shortcomings of markets and governments by developing and applying a theory of ‘nonmarket’ failure– that is, of government failure – so that the comparison between markets and governments can be made more systematically, and choices between them arrived at more intelligently. Several conclusions are drawn. First, the choice between markets and governments is not a pure one, actual systems inevitably involve combinations between markets and governments. Second, with respect to both static and dynamic efficiency criteria, markets generally do better than governments. Third, there are various ways in which government can contribute to improving the functioning of markets. Fourth, market forces can play a useful role in improving the functioning of government and reducing the incidence of nonmarket failures.

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30

Bruneel, Johan, and Bart Clarysse. "Beyond Market Choice: Performance Implications of Entering Product or Technology Markets." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 13820. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.13820abstract.

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31

Chew, Adrian W. "Quasi-Markets, Competition, and School Choice Lotteries." Educational Policy 33, no. 4 (July 18, 2017): 587–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904817719522.

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This article problematizes the lottery as a taken-for-granted concept, which is normatively understood as a neutral process rewarding its participant based on luck. The article adopts a policy problematization frame that interrogates the limits of normative concepts. To problematize the lottery system, this article engages with the two movies on school choice, The Lottery and Waiting for “Superman”, as “instances” through the conceptual lens of a quasi-market. The main argument is that the lottery is a particular discursive practice co-constituting the competitive frame of education quasi-markets. In identifying how the spirit of competitiveness underlies a competition, and by extension the lottery system, the article posits that in a competitive setting, competitors are primarily concerned with maximizing inequality among each other.

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32

Dadzie, Samuel Ato, and Richard Afriyie Owusu. "Understanding establishment mode choice of foreign manufacturing firms in Ghana." International Journal of Emerging Markets 10, no. 4 (September 21, 2015): 896–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2012-0124.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the foreign direct investment (FDI) strategies of manufacturing firms in Ghana using the eclectic model in order to understand how ownership, location and internalization factors impact FDI to developing countries like Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a quantitative methodology in order to statistically explore the relationships between dependent and independent variables. The data comes from a sample of 75 multinational enterprises that invested in the manufacturing sector between 1994 and 2008. Findings – The results reveal that large firm size, extensive international experience and large market size lead to the choice of acquisition mode of entry, while high cultural distance, high country risk, high proprietary assets and incentives lead to the choice of greenfield mode in the context of Ghana. Research limitations/implications – The results imply that the different economic, business and legal (locational) conditions of developing countries create different FDI strategies and paths of companies compared to developed markets. Practical implications – Policy makers in developing countries should make efforts to improve market size, the institutional and regulatory environment, as well as the availability of human capital in order to attract FDI. Originality/value – FDI studies have mainly analysed establishment mode strategies of firms in advanced markets. There is an increasing amount of research on FDI in emerging markets but very little on developing countries and African markets. Therefore, this study enables the authors to develop implications for existing theory and generate practical implications for firms and policy makers related to African and developing country markets.

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33

Rask, Morten, and Franziska Günzel-Jensen. "Business model design and performance in nascent markets." Management Decision 58, no. 5 (July 12, 2019): 927–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2017-0924.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nascent market settings from a business model innovation perspective with the research questions: How do incumbents and start-ups make sense of an emerging technology through business model design in a nascent market setting, and how does business model choice influence firm performance? Design/methodology/approach The authors have tracked the development of four case companies in the nascent electric vehicle market from 2009 to 2018 and have conducted interviews and analyzed the archival data. Findings The authors propose a typology of business model choices and performance where the four types of business models distinguish themselves by how the companies innovate or imitate the value proposition of the current industry as well as how they innovate or imitate the business model archetype. In accordance with these different business model choices, the actors express different logics behind their new to the product market space business model choice. These logics represent different understandings of technology potential, customer needs as well as potential for value capture and contribute to and limit the translation of emerging technologies into dominant designs in diverse ways. Originality/value The business model is conceived as a focusing device that can be used to identify market applications for emerging technologies. As new disruptive technologies often require a new to the product market space business model, literature has in recent years put a premium on business model innovation. However, the linkages between emergent technologies and the choice of a novel business model are under investigated especially in relation to how business model choice affects business performance in nascent market settings. This paper aims at filling this gap.

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34

Smith, Kevin B. "Policy, Markets, and Bureaucracy: Reexamining School Choice." Journal of Politics 56, no. 2 (May 1994): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2132149.

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35

Elliehausen, Gregory E., and Min Hwang. "Mortgage Contract Choice in Subprime Mortgage Markets." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2010, no. 53 (2010): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2010.53.

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36

Nalbandyan, H. G. "SMES ENTRY MODE CHOICE INTO FOREIGN MARKETS." Business Strategies, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2017-1-55-59.

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37

Bisschoff, Tom. "Book Review: Schools, Markets and Choice Policies." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 32, no. 4 (October 2004): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174114320403200412.

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38

Semrau, Luke. "Understanding choice, pressure and markets in kidneys." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105781.

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Here, I briefly respond to a recent paper by Julian Koplin, in which he criticises my earlier work in this journal. I show that Koplin has misunderstood the distinction I have made between pressure to vend and pressure with the option to vend. I also show that his pessimism about the market regulations I favour is unwarranted.

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39

Faruqui, A., and J. R. Maiko. "Customer choice: finding value in retail markets." IEEE Power Engineering Review 19, no. 9 (September 1999): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1999.785803.

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40

Cashman, George D., David M. Harrison, and Michael J. Seiler. "Advisor Choice in Asia-Pacific Property Markets." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 48, no. 2 (October 6, 2012): 271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-012-9392-x.

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41

Cotter, Kevin D., and Gail A. Jensen. "Choice of purchasing arrangements in insurance markets." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 2, no. 4 (December 1989): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00356864.

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42

Elaydi, Raed, and Charles Harrison. "Strategic motivations and choice in subsistence markets." Journal of Business Research 63, no. 6 (June 2010): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.04.026.

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43

Saint-Paul, Gilles. "Technological choice, financial markets and economic development." European Economic Review 36, no. 4 (May 1992): 763–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(92)90056-3.

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44

Les, Magdalena, and Chris Maher. "Measuring Diversity: Choice in Local Housing Markets." Geographical Analysis 30, no. 2 (September 3, 2010): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1998.tb00395.x.

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45

BAGLEY, CARL, and PHILIP A. WOODS. "School Choice, Markets and Special Educational Needs." Disability & Society 13, no. 5 (November 1998): 763–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687599826506.

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46

Gârleanu, Nicolae. "Portfolio choice and pricing in illiquid markets." Journal of Economic Theory 144, no. 2 (March 2009): 532–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2008.07.006.

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47

Fessler, Daniel M. T., and Colin Holbrook. "Baumard et al.'s moral markets lack market dynamics." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 1 (February 2013): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12000945.

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AbstractMarket models are indeed indispensable to understanding the evolution of cooperation and its emotional substrates. Unfortunately, Baumard et al. eschew market thinking in stressing the supposed invariance of moral/cooperative behavior across circumstances. To the contrary, humans display contingent morality/cooperation, and these shifts are best accounted for by market models of partner choice for mutually beneficial collaboration.

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48

Larina, Y. S. "MARKETING STRATEGIES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: ROLE, CONDITIONS AND METHODS OF CHOICE." Economic innovations 19, no. 2(64) (July 7, 2017): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2017.19.2(64).183-189.

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The objective necessity of business strategy development in international business is proved. We define the strategy as a generalized model of marketing actions, which includes a thorough study of the needs and requirements of consumers, segmentation, choice of target markets, identification of competitive advantages, differentiation, positioning, and clear identification of elements of marketing mix. The hierarchy of marketing strategies of the enterprise in the international business is defined. We proved that in the process of forming the marketing strategy of the agroindustrial complex in the foreign markets, it is necessary to adapt the main elements of this methodology to the world market of agricultural products and food by taking into account its features as a market with a high level of competition, high dynamics of development, peculiarities of consumer behavior on it, product specificity regarding quality, conditions of storage, etc. We determined the growth strategies as a most dynamic strategies in international business. Options of strategies of growth on foreign markets are considered. The features of realization of marketing strategies in the international business and the main factors influencing their success are determined. In particular we reviewed that the main problems of enterprises of domestic agroindustrial complex while entering the external markets are largely due to the defects of the proposed commodity policy, in particular the inconsistency between sellers and buyers regarding quality standards of products and packaging, non-compliance with global standards and certification principles. In addition, the problem may be insufficient level of service, ineffective pricing policy, inconsistency of actions of market participants. The tools and stages of building strategies for penetration into international business are substantiated.

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Hellwig, Christian, Sebastian Kohls, and Laura Veldkamp. "Information Choice Technologies." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.35.

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Theories based on information costs or frictions have become increasing popular in macroeconomics and macro-finance. The literature has used various types of information choices, such as rational inattention, inattentiveness, information markets and costly precision. Using a unified framework, we compare these different information choice technologies and explain why some generate increasing returns and others, particularly those where agents choose how much public information to observe, generate multiple equilibria. The results can help applied theorists to choose the appropriate information choice technology for their application and to understand the consequences of that modeling choice.

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Kreitner, Roy. "Money Talks: Institutional Investors and Voice in Contract." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 20, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 511–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2019-0020.

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Abstract Contracts are the building blocks of markets, where participation is typically understood through choice: to buy or not to buy, and if so, from whom? In other words, contract choices allow participation by exit, with little need for discussion. However, in some instances markets may be open to a fair degree of voice. Market behavior is not always a take it or leave it endeavor, and market participation does not always entail the kind of passivity associated with the role of the price taker. At least when some contract parties put their minds to it, markets may retreat from the mechanics of pure preference satisfaction and interact with a realm of reasoned deliberation, where some market reasons are significantly public-minded. This essay explores the potential of contracts to become a locus of deliberative participation in the context of institutional investment (primarily by pension funds) and investors’ pursuit of commitments to nonfinancial goals.

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