Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Choc Financier'
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Ben, Mohamed Imen. "Credit market imperfections and business cycles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010002/document.
Full textThe crisis of 2009 raised the question whether the financial conditions matter for the business cycles and the propagation of shocks originating in the financial sphere. I tried to drive a fine analysis of this issue using micro-founded general equilibrium models. The modelling choice was backed by empirical motivations. In three essays, i study the impact of monetary and financial shocks on growth and labour market dynamics. First, an expansionary monetary policy eases credit conditions, raises risk tolerance and the quality of borrowers and generates a liquidity effect. The potency of the monetary policy and the size of the credit channel depend considerably on the degree of financial frictions in the credit market. Second, a restrictive monetary policy shock, an positive credit shock and a positive uncertainty shocks have similar effects on the economy: they plunge the economy in a recession, with output, job creations, and hours worked decreasing, while unemployment and job destructions increase. In all cases the interest rate spread increase, therefore indicating that financial conditions deteriorate, which is interpreted as a sign that financial frictions play a critical role in the propagation of these shocks. Third, the interaction between financial and labour market frictions does exist. The interplay between the two indeed plays a role in propagating the shocks. A shock to net worth, a credit shock and an uncertainty shock play a non-trivial role for the dynamics on the labour market
Foulon, Brice. "Three Essays on the Influence of Environmental Performance on Firm Resilience." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0115.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three empirical studies that explore the influence of firms' environmental performance (EP) on their financial resilience. Drawing extensively from the body of research on EP's impact on financial performance, this work seeks to shed light on a relatively understudied facet of financial performance - specifically, financial resilience. Resilience is defined as "the ability of a system to persist despite disruptions and the ability to regenerate and maintain existing organization" (Gunderson and Pritchard, 2002; DesJardine et al., 2017). Although high investments in EP might be perceived by shareholders as excessive investment or misallocation of financial resources (Friedman, 1970), potentially diminishing a firm's financial resilience in the face of negative events (Marsat et al. 2021), adopting the Natural Resource-Based View (Hart, 1995), we may expect that firms with high EP are potentially able to mitigate the impacts of such shocks and achieve quicker recovery by leveraging the goodwill of stakeholders (Bruna & Nicolò, 2020; Freeman, 2007; Lins et al., 2017) and gaining sustainable competitive advantages through their reputation for environmental stewardship and possession of specific capabilities that are valuable and difficult to replicate (Aragón-Correa et al., 2008; Branco & Lima Rodrigues, 2006; Hart & Dowell, 2011; Russo & Fouts, 1997; Sharma & Vredenburg, 1998).After an introductory chapter providing a theoretical and empirical framework for the remainder of the thesis, chapter 2 exposes our test of the EP - resilience relationship in cases of firms facing environmental penalties in the US, and reveals a positive effect of EP on the flexibility dimension of resilience. Chapter 3 then explores how EP affects the resilience of firms affected by severe droughts in the US, also supporting a positive effect of EP on the flexibility dimension of resilience. Chapter 4, the last empirical chapter of this thesis, tests the influence of EP on the resilience of firms in the Covid-19 extended period, from early 2020 until December 2021, and concludes with an ambiguous effect of EP on resilience to the Covid-19 crisis: in this case EP favors the stability dimension of resilience, but hinders the flexibility dimension, leading to stimulating conclusions about the context-dependency of the resilience process.In conclusion, by showing in three different empirical contexts that EP influences resilience, this thesis provides additional rationale to the idea that both concepts are tied in the overarching context of our changing climate. Although the effect of EP on resilience is ambiguous in the context of the global Covid-19 pandemic, it positively contributes to flexibility following environmental penalties and droughts, which supports the arguments of the Natural Resource-Based View and the stakeholder theory, and the arguments in the resilience literature underlying the context dependency of the resilience process
Argy, Laurent. "Evaluation empirique des mécanismes de transmission des chocs fondamentaux et non fondamentaux vers les marchés boursiers." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/ARGY_Laurent_2007_1.pdf.
Full textArgy, Laurent Trabelsi Jamel. "Évaluation empirique des mécanismes de transmission des chocs fondamentaux et non fondamentaux vers les marchés boursiers." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/797/01/Argy2007.pdf.
Full textBousselmi, Wael. "Impact des chocs exogènes sur les marchés financiers : Approche empirique et expérimentale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD011.
Full textThis thesis investigates the effects of one or multiples exogeneous shocks in stock market. More precisely, we are interested in the impact of a news shock on the behaviour of stock prices,bubbles, price volatility, transactions volume and analyst’s forecasts. To tackle this question,we depicted the subject in three axes. The first essay presents an empirical analysis that tests the effects of an expected shock - the Brexit vote announcement - on the long-run market performance of British listed firms and European listed firms. Our results show that the Brexit announcement affected negatively the long-run market performance over a 12 months’ horizon of UK firms in any of their business activities and European non-British firms having most oftheir business activities within the British area. In the second paper, we investigate experimentally the effects of expected and unexpected shock on an asset’s fundamental value.Our findings show that shocks have a negative effect on the price deviation from the fundamental value and a positive effect on the differences of opinion regardless of the type ofshocks - expected or unexpected - and regardless of the direction - upward or downward. The third paper focuses on the effects of unexpected multiple shocks in an experimental market.Our main findings are as follows: Multiple downward shocks reduce transactions volume andprice volatility, while multiple upward shocks have no effect on trading volume and increase price volatility. Finally, we observe, only in markets without shocks, a positive link between the volume of transactions and the differences of opinion
Tabarly, Guilhem. "The Financial Cycle and the Business Cycle : it Takes Two to Tango." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED007.
Full textThe interplay between financial factors and the real economy is now a focal point of macroeconomic research. The introductory chapter seeks to provide a conceptual framework for the study of macro-financial linkages. The rest of the thesis falls within the impetus to research programs brought to the fore by the recent crisis. The second chapter claims that the Financial Cycle is made up of two different components, the Credit Cycle and the Financial Condition Cycle. The two cycles are identified in the light of their impact on economic activity and their relevance is assessed on the grounds of their contribution for the real-time estimation of the output gap. The third chapter uses a datadriven technique to unravel the contemporaneous causal ordering between economic variables and financial variables and investigates the impact of structural financial shocks on economic activity. The final chapter explores, via a battery of econometric and Machine Learning models, whether the inherently unstable nature of financial variables’ predictive power for output is related to the modelling framework or to the variables themselves
Dalmasso, Audrey. ""Transmission et impact des chocs financiers internationaux : le cas de l'union européenne." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0036.
Full textSince recent decades, the European Union has been subject to exogenous shocks which are linked to new generation crisis such as emerging crisis or disturbances from American financial markets (L. T. C. M. , Enron, Worldcom and the bursting of the technologic speculative bubble). In addition, changes in the international economic landscape, the evolution of technological advances, markets deregulation, the creation of new forms of financing, the emergence of new actors, changing fields of action of traditional actors such as banks and the onset or exacerbation of risk or shocks lead Europe to take on new challenges. Can we say that Europe is subject to contagion? If it’s the case, at what time and for which types of events is it possible ? What are the european financial markets in which the impact of negative shocks is the most significant relatively to positive shocks ? What are the mechanisms or buffer-factors in Europe that could absorb financial shocks ?
Foucaud, David. "Crise financière et choc institutionnel : une comparaison des crises anglaise de 1866 et thaïlandaise de 1997." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174116.
Full textFoucaud, David Deleplace Ghislain. "Crise financière et choc institutionnel une comparaison des crises anglaise de 1866 et thaïlandaise de 1997 /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2007. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/Foucaud_David.pdf.
Full textNzengue, Pegnet Christian. "Le canal du capital bancaire, voie de transmission des chocs réels et financiers." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40011/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the transmission of real and financial shocks in Europe focusing on the bank capital channel. In our approach, we consider both theoretical and empirical issues. The ai mis to empirically emphasize the heteregeneity in the transmission of shocks at a European level and the extent of the bank capital channel. In Chapter 1, we do a survey on the structure of bank capital and balance sheet to analyse their impact at micro and macro levels. Considering the existing literature on bank capital and transmission channel, the transmission process seems to be influenced by banks’ specificities and by their level of regulatory capital. Regulatory constraint on bank capital determines the magnitude of the transmission of shocks. In Chapter 2, we study the determinants of banks’ reaction to a shock. Or results show that, the ex ante level of capital and the various components of regulatory capital significantly impact banks’ behaviour. In Chapter 3, we focus on the impact of Basel I and II regulatory frameworks on the transmission of shocks from a general equilibrium model. The simulation results point out that considering simultaneously the bank capital channel and the financial accelerator mechanism increases the propagation of monetary shocks through the liquidity premium effect. In Chapter 4, we examine a singular aspect of the prudential regulation : the resolution of failing financial institutions. We focus on the systemic importance banks. Current policy statements have not reduced moral hazard behaviour of such financial institutions. Thus, to prevent the catastrophic consequences of their failure, bankruptcy laws have been adopted. Considering a theoretical model, we conclude that monetary sanctions, strengthen by stronger monitoring pressures may limit banks’ incentives to take excessive risks. This thesis provides new results to the existing literature. It emphasizes the role of the several components of bank balance sheet structure in both short and long runs, resulting from an estimated VECM
Calderón, Villarreal Cuauhtémoc. "Le "malaise mexicain" : chocs exogènes, ajustement macroéconomique et endettement externe." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0017.
Full textThe main goal of our research has been to study theoretically and empirically phenomenon ofmexican disease. The phenomenon of mexican disease has been the consequence of mixed symptoms on the sectorial level of the "dutch disease" with specific macroeconomic signs. In this case the term of "mexican disease" refers to the macroeconomic perver effe created by internal exogenous demands shocks. Between 1970 and 1982 during the populist period mexican economy was marked bythe opening out of this phenomenon. The main sources of exogenous shocks have been the public expenditurs (1972) and the "oil boom" (1978-1981). To modelize the behaviour of "mexican disease" pheno menon we have used a type of fixed exchange-rate mundell-fleming model. Then, we have introduced the hypothesis of flexible exchangete and rational expectations and we have dynamized the model by using a dynamical system "slow-fast" with two speed adjustment slow for domestic price, and fast for nominal exchange-rate
Wang, Qiwei. "Trois essais sur la dynamique des firmes en présence de contraintes financières et de chocs macroéconomiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961191.
Full textDamasceno, Tereza EmÃlia Linhares. "IdentificaÃÃo de risco sistÃmico no sistema financeiro brasileiro durante a crise de 2008." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7874.
Full textEste estudo teve como objetivo investigar a existÃncia de uma quebra estrutural na relaÃÃo entre o setor bancÃrio e o IBOVESPA durante o perÃodo de 1 de janeiro de 2007 a 29 de julho de 2011, em consequÃncia da crise financeira ocorrida em 2008. Foram empregadas tÃcnicas tradicionais em FinanÃas e Econometria para analisar os impactos da referida crise sobre o setor bancÃrio brasileiro, tomando por base as cotaÃÃes diÃrias de fechamento das aÃÃes dos principais bancos brasileiros: Banco do Brasil, Bradesco, Itaà e do IBOVESPA. Na metodologia utilizou-se o modelo de apreÃamento de ativos, CAPM, na mensuraÃÃo do risco sistÃmico. Observou-se que as evidÃncias estatÃsticas, obtidas com os testes de Chow e teste t para diferenÃa de mÃdias, indicam fundamentalmente, que foi possÃvel captar um efeito diferenciado durante a crise de 2008 entre os bancos privados e o banco pÃblico em relaÃÃo ao risco sistÃmico, alÃm de captar uma mudanÃa estrutural em 24 de outubro de 2008, mudanÃa essa detectada a partir do teste de Chow.
This research aimed to investigate the existence of a structural break in the relationship between the banking sector and IBOVESPA during the period of January 1st 2007 to July 29th 2011, in consequence of the financial crisis occurred in 2008. Traditional techniques were employed in Finance and Econometrics knowledge to analyze the impacts of this crisis on the Brazilian banking sector, based on the daily closing prices of the shares of major Brazilian banks, includes Banco do Brasil, Bradesco, Itaà and IBOVESPA. The methodology used was based on the model of asset pricing, CAPM, in the measurement of systemic risk. It was observed that the statistical evidence, gained with the Chow test and t test for averages differences, basically indicate that it was possible to capture a different effect during the 2008âs crisis between public bank and private banks in relation to systemic risk, and capture a structural change in October 24, 2008, a shift detected from the Chow test.
Souza, Ricardo Antonio de. "Educação financeira: uma abordagem centrada na modelagem matemática." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21707.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T11:58:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Antonio de Souza.pdf: 1542597 bytes, checksum: f061f50caaad575d2edaa18c72092440 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In recent years, we have noticed a large increase in the number of families in Brazil, thinking about how to contribute to the improvement of this situation, we decided to develop this research, which seeks to verify if financial mathematics, when developed by mathematical modeling as a teaching and learning strategy, can contribute to the development of students' financial behavior in a higher technology course in logistics and computer science. In the present research, we hypothesize that when financial mathematics is developed using this strategy, there is a positive influence on the understanding of the content worked and, consequently, influences the financial behavior of the subject. In order to validate our hypothesis, we use the modeling processes, which brings the student closer to the real scientific activity, that is, the student becomes a researcher, testing conjectures, formulating hypotheses, proving, constructing models, concepts, theories and socializing the results. According to this strategy, it is up to the teacher to provide favorable situations, so that the student in this effective action on knowledge, transform it into knowledge in this process of scientific search. Recent research shows that students who have already completed the discipline of financial mathematics in an undergraduate course usually do not use or associate the studied content with their financial life, so we try to answer the following research question: The use of mathematical modeling as a strategy for teaching and learning Financial Mathematics, could contribute to the development of Financial Education ?. As well as the following specific questions: What evidence of financial literacy can be identified after a training on Financial Mathematics centered on the modeling approach? What contributions of mathematical modeling can be identified for the construction of financial literacy? To answer them, we created a questionnaire to be applied to students of two technology courses of a public institution of higher education, located in the great ABC - SP. Being the first, technology in logistics and the second in computing. The students of the first course answered the questionnaire after attending a financial mathematics workshop, structured by mathematical modeling. In order to have a comparative parameter of answers, we apply the same questionnaire to students of the second course, but these without participating in the workshop of financial mathematics. With the answers given to the questionnaire, we performed a cohesive analysis with the help of the CHIC software, and identified traits of development of financial education by our target audience
Nos últimos anos, notamos um grande aumento do individamento das famílias brasileiras, pensando em como contrubuir para a melhora desse quadro, decidimos desenvolver esta pesquisa, que busca verificar se a matemática financeira, quando desenvolvida por modelagem matemática como estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do comportamento financeiro dos alunos de um curso superior de tecnologia em logística e informática. Na presente pesquisa, temos por hipótese que, quando a matemática financeira é desenvolvida utilizando esta estratégia, existe influência positiva na compreensão dos conteúdos trabalhados e, por consequência, influencia o comportamento financeiro do sujeito. Buscando validar nossa hipótese, utilizamos os processos de modelagem, a qual aproxima o aluno da atividade científica verdadeira, ou seja, o aluno se torna um pesquisador, testando conjecturas, formulando hipóteses, provando, construindo modelos, conceitos, teorias e socializando os resultados. Segundo essa estratégia, cabe ao professor, providenciar situações favoráveis, de modo que o aluno nessa ação efetiva sobre o saber, o transforme em conhecimento nesse processo de busca científica. Pesquisas recentes nos mostram que alunos que já cursaram a disciplina de matemática financeira em um curso de graduação, normalmente não utilizam ou associam o conteúdo estudado com a sua vida financeira, assim, procuramos responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: A utilização da modelagem matemática como estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática Financeira, poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento da Educação Financeira?. Bem como as seguintes questões específicas: Que indícios de letramento financeiro podem ser identificados após uma formação sobre Matemática Financeira centrada na abordagem pela modelagem? Que contribuições da modelagem matemática podem ser identificadas para a construção do letramento financeiro? Para respondê-las, montamos um questionário a ser aplicado para alunos de dois cursos de tecnologia de uma instituição pública de ensino superior, localizada no grande ABC – SP. Sendo o primeiro, tecnologia em logística e o segundo em informática. Os alunos do primeiro curso responderam o questionário após participarem de uma oficina de matemática financeira, estruturada pela modelagem matemática. Para termos um parâmentro comparativo de respostas, aplicamos o mesmo questionário para alunos do segundo curso, mas estes sem participarem da oficina de matemática financeira. Com as respostas dadas ao questionário, realizamos uma análise coesitiva com o auxílio do software CHIC, e identificamos traços de desenvolvimento de educação financeira por parte do nosso público alvo
Bécard, Yvan. "Banks and business cycles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E009.
Full textThe main question at the heart of this thesis is, what drives business cycle fluctuations? A growing body of evidence suggests that financial factors and shocks matter most. Based on this premise, I ask whether financial shocks in dynamic macroeconomic models can generate the positive co-movements in output, consumption, investment, and hours worked observed in the data. The first chapter shows that standard models fail in doing so, because they typically imply a countercyclical response of consumption. One solution is to have banks lend both to firms and households, and to assume, that the financial shock is a common credit tightening on both. The second chapter offers a quantitative analysis of this idea. Together with David Gauthier, we motivate what we call the collateral shock by documenting that banks in the US effectively adjust standards in a similar way regard less if the borrower is a firm or a household. We estimate a rich macroeconomic model with Bayesian methods on US financial and macro data over the 1985-2015 period. We find that the collateral shock is the main driver of economic fluctuations. The reason is the collateral shock is able to generate pro cyclical consumption, investment, hours, and credit to firms and households, which are features of US business cycles. The third chapter attempts to go a step further by making lending standards endogenous. The idea is to have banks act as a propagation channel. A shock that emerges in the housing market and that initially affects households is transmitted to firms by a panic-prone financial sector that tightens credit to businesses. This model would replicate the story of the 2008 recession in the United States
Lemus, Antonio. "Les effets des chocs internes et externes sur une petite économie ouverte : le cas du Chili." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100141/document.
Full textThe economic globalization is probably the main feature of the 21st century world economy, with economic integration and interdependence of national economies across the world particularly common in commodity and financial markets. Such a context greatly affect all types of economies though those small, dependent on commodity exports, and open to global financial markets are usually the most exposed. Having in mind this scenario, in this Ph.D. dissertation we explore the effectiveness of the Chilean fiscal policy and the effects of commodity prices and foreign financial shocks, on the Chilean GDP and other macroeconomic fundamentals using an empirical approach based on alternative vector autoregressive models.To understand the effectiveness of the country’s fiscal policy aiming at guarantying macroeconomic stability, in the Chapter 1 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the dynamic effects of fiscal policy on the Chilean macroeconomic fundamentals and the size of fiscal multipliers. Chapter 2 examines how shocks to commodity prices affect the Chilean economic output, fiscal accounts and private consumption, based on correlations analysis and vector autoregression models. In the Chapter 3 of this Ph.D. dissertation we study the effect of foreign financial shocks on the Chilean real economy
Dhima, Julien. "Evolution des méthodes de gestion des risques dans les banques sous la réglementation de Bale III : une étude sur les stress tests macro-prudentiels en Europe." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E042/document.
Full textOur thesis consists in explaining, by bringing some theoretical elements, the imperfections of EBA / BCE macro-prudential stress tests, and proposing a new methodology of their application as well as two specific stress tests in addition. We show that macro-prudential stress tests may be irrelevant when the two basic assumptions of the Gordy-Vasicek core model used to assess banks regulatory capital in internal methods (IRB) in the context of credit risk (asymptotically granular credit portfolio and presence of a single source of systematic risk which is the macroeconomic conjuncture), are not respected. Firstly, they exist concentrated portfolios for which macro-stress tests are not sufficient to measure potential losses or even ineffective in the case where these portfolios involve non-cyclical counterparties. Secondly, systematic risk can come from several sources; the actual one-factor model doesn’t allow a proper repercussion of the “macro” shocks. We propose a specific credit stress test which makes possible to apprehend the specific credit risk of a concentrated portfolio, as well as a specific liquidity stress test which makes possible to measure the impact of liquidity shocks on the bank’s solvency. We also propose a multifactorial generalization of the regulatory capital valuation model in IRB, which allows applying macro-stress tests shocks on each sectorial portfolio, stressing in a clear, precise and transparent way the systematic risk factors impacting it. This methodology allows a proper impact of these shocks on the conditional probability of default of the counterparties of these portfolios and therefore a better evaluation of the capital charge of the bank
DIARRA, Souleymane. "Chocs et Mobilisation des Recettes Publiques dans les Pays en Développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777227.
Full textLabchara, Oussama. "Essais sur la gestion de la liquidité bancaire en période de crise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0026.
Full textThis thesis aims to assess bank liquidity management during distress times and analyze the impact of liquidity shocks on banks' risk-taking behavior and lending. In the first chapter, we examine changes in bank liquidity during financial crises. The second chapter aims to study the impact of a liquidity shock on banks' risk-taking. This chapter studies banks' risk-taking behavior in response to negative liquidity shocks. The third chapter examines the impact of negative liquidity shocks on bank lending
Serre, Jean-Marin. "Neutralité de la dette publique et effets macro-économiques des "chocs financiers" : théorie et tests empiriques sur les données françaises : 1959-1983." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D017.
Full textGaratti, Aléxis. "Identification des chocs macroéconomiques et coûts d'ajustement dans la perspective d'une union monétaire." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40042.
Full text黃秀顔 and Sau-ngan Wong. "Chou Ch'en (1381-1453) and his reorganization of the financial management in the Kiangnan region during the Hsan-te andCheng-t'ung Periods." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212001.
Full textStany, Linda, and Anna Söderberg. "Millenniebubblan : Vilka faktorer hade betydelse för dess utveckling." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5912.
Full textEvery tenth year a financial crisis tend to interfere with an economy. Price bubbles with an accompanying market plunge are therefore not a new phenomenon. Such market disruptions have been causing problems for centuries, as history has a tendency to repeat itself. The intention with this study is to learn more about the bubble phenomenon and increase the knowledge in this area in order to, if possible, prevent such a thing from happening again. The purpose of the essay is to identify factors that significantly affected the development of the so called IT-bubble in Sweden and Finland during the years of 1995-2000. The previous purpose can be divided into two sub-purposes, namely; to point out which financial theory/theories that succeeds the best to explain the development of the IT-bubble, and additionally; to detect factors that can help us foreseeing similar scenarios in the future.
The study concentrates on Sweden and Finland. Furthermore, only stock market bubbles are studied. As a consequence, other types of financial crises, for example bank crises, are excluded from this study. The method used to answer the first sub-purpose is an analysis of financial theories which enables us to find factors that according to theory could have caused the rise of the price bubble. In order to answer the second sub-purpose we take use of a statistical method. We have designed a statistical model based on the results of previous mentioned analysis. In this model we try the relevance of the detected factors from the theoretical analysis in order to investigate if theory manages to explain the birth of a stock market bubble.
The result of our study has generated four different factors; macro economic; institutional; psychological and asymmetric information. These four categories showed importance for the development of the IT-bubble in Sweden and Finland. Out of the four factors, the psychological factor is said to be the most important, but in the mean time the hardest one to predict. The statistical model indicates that the number of bankruptcies, the total amount of household’s borrowing and results from attitude surveys in the case of Sweden, and the number of bankruptcies, new registrations of cars and finally consumers attitude towards making a big purchase at present, in the case of Finland are variables to be aware of when looking out for a stock market bubble. The statistical model, as pointed out in the study, is not perfect. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the results presented in this report.
Finansiella kriser tenderar att drabba ekonomin med ungefär tio års intervaller. Prisbubblor med tillhörande djupdykning på marknaden är således inget nytt fenomen. Denna störning i marknadsharmonin har funnits under flertalet sekler och historien har en benägenhet att upprepa sig. Bakgrunden till studien är således att öka förståelsen för bubbelfenomenet och att, om det är möjligt, förhindra att det händer igen. Syftet med studien är att påvisa faktorer som har haft signifikant betydelse för den så kallade IT-bubblans utveckling i Sverige och Finland under åren 1995-2000. Det övergripande syftet kan vidare indelas i två delsyften, vars mål dels är att påvisa vilken eller vilka finansiella teorier som bäst förklarar IT-bubblans utveckling, dels hitta faktorer som kan hjälpa oss att förutse likartade scenarier i framtiden.
Studien fokuserar på länderna Sverige och Finland, och avgränsar sig därmed från övriga länder. Vidare studeras enbart börsbubblor och fall, varför övriga typer av finansiella kriser, så som exempelvis bankkriser utesluts. Metoden för att besvara det första delsyftet är att göra en analys av finansiella teorier för att lyfta fram faktorer som enligt dem kan ha haft avgörande betydelse för bubblans uppbyggnad. Metoden för det andra delsyftet är att bygga en statistisk modell med hjälp av de faktorer som resulterat av ovan nämnda analys, för att pröva deras relevans.
Resultatet av vår studie har genererat en grupp bestående av fyra olika faktorer; makroekonomiska, institutionella, psykologiska faktorer och asymmetrisk information som bäst förklarar IT-bubblans uppkomst. Av dessa är den psykologiska faktorn den viktigaste, och samtidigt också den svåraste att förutsäga. Det är framförallt teorierna inom ”behavioural finance” som fokuserar på psykologiska effekter, varför de bäst förklarar händelseförloppet under IT-bubblan. Den statistiska modellen indikerar att antalet konkurser, hushållens totala utlåning och resultatet av samhällsekonomiska attitydundersökningar i fallet Sverige, samt antalet konkurser, nyregistrering av bilar, och slutligen konsumenternas attityd till stora köp och till att ta lån för tillfället, i fallet Finland, är variabler som vi kan vara uppmärksamma på för att försöka förutse börsbubblor. Den statistiska modellen är, som poängteras i arbetet, inte fulländad utan ytterligare studier fordras för att belägga detta ytterligare.
El, bitar Khalil. "Clearing vectors in financial networks." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2079/document.
Full textSystemic risk threatening the financial system is a major concern for regulators. Adequate indicators of systemic risk would help them perform appropriate regulatory laws.The thesis proposes a dynamic model of banking system to calculate a systemic risk indicator of two components : The probability of a triggering event originated from external asset price decline, and the corresponding losses through the financial system. The thesis also proves the existence and uniqueness of two clearing equilibrium: the first deals with a model of différent debt seniorities, the second with a model of several illiquid asset following a proportional liquidation strategy
Lan, Lan. "Essays on Household Savings, Intergenerational Transfers, and Production Network." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10058/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates several topics in Macroeconomics, which contains three self-contained papers, each corresponds to one chapter. A common thread of the three papers is to address macroeconomic questions from the perspective of micro-level theory and data. The first and second chapter explore China’s saving rates using household-level theory and surveys. It explains the “camel-shaped” age-saving profile of Chinese households, with a focus on intergenerational transfers. The third chapter explores the propagation of firm-level volatilities in production network. The thesis consists of three chapters, each of which is self-contained and can be read separately. The first chapter investigates how can intergenerational transfers explain the camel-shaped agesaving profile of Chinese households. Commencing in 2005, a “camel-shaped” age-saving profile of Chinese households began to emerge, which has been documented by various studies. This “camel-shape” feature is puzzling considering that it is at odds with the Life-Cycle Hypothesis. In this paper, we show that the camel-shaped age-saving profile of Chinese households is largely due to the middle-aged households generating a vast amount of intergenerational transfers. These households transfer a significant fraction of their wealth to their children and parents, primarily to their children. In a quantitative overlapping generations(OLG) model, saving rates are linked with altruism of parents and credit constraints of their children, through intergenerational transfers. Saving rates of middle-aged parents decline with altruism (“altruism” channel”) and the tightness of their children’s credit constraints on housing purchase (“credit constraint” channel). The estimations of life-cycle saving rates based on this model line up well with the data. The second chapter validates the hypothesis on altruism, credit constraints and saving rates. Using a sample of matched parent-child pairs from the China Family Panel Studies, this chapter tests the “altruism” channel by exploiting the exogenous deaths of children as a natural experiment. Next, I test the “credit constraint” channel from two mechanisms: random allocation of military graduates to different cities, and cross-city variation of mortgage accessibility. Parents whose children are sent by the military to cities with higher housing prices have lower saving rates, ceteris paribus. Access to discounts of down payments for homebuyers leads to an increase in their parents’ saving rates. The third chapter examines whether firm-level idiosyncratic shocks propagate in production networks. This paper identifies idiosyncratic shocks with mergers and acquisitions (M&A). It find that M&A events impose substantial productivities and revenues gains on the target firms. These gains translate into significant output increase and spill over to their customers through input-output linkages. Surprisingly, the indirect effects of M&A on customer firms are much larger than the direct effects on target firms. This comes from the fact that M&As leads to increase of asymmetry in network structure, therefore further amplifies the firm-level shocks
Heipertz, Jonas. "Three Essays in Financial Networks and Shock Propagation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0106.
Full textFinancial inter-dependencies are since the financial crisis at the forefront of macroeconomic research and policy making. The world had painfully learned how small and localized events can travel through the global financial system with huge repercussions for the real economy. Since then, many studies have analyzed the propagation properties of given financial exposure networks. Each day, however, large amounts of financial assets are traded and financial institutions’ balance-sheets change in response to new information, regulation or monetary policy. Changes in exposures crucially affect the transmission of shocks. This thesis develops general equilibrium frameworks that show how financial networks emerge endogenously from trade in financial assets between heterogeneous institutions. I use micro and macro-level datasets including confidential data from the Banque de France to structurally identify risk-preferences, institutions' beliefs about the distribution of future financial asset returns, and the specific constraints that drive financial network formation. The thesis also derives an explicit firm-level link of financial networks to an economy's productive structure.Chapter 1 of the thesis shows how firm-level productivity shocks propagate through financial networks. If firms need external funds to finance capital expenditure, banks create linkages between them that go beyond their input-output relationships. These links can affect aggregate output. The chapter builds a multi-sector production model of heterogeneous firms that are financed by heterogeneous leverage targeting banks. Banks are themselves connected through bilateral cross-holdings. Endogenous financial asset prices introduce a new propagation channel of productivity shocks. Structural parameters such as bank-level leverage constraints determine the strength of this channel and one statistic is sufficient to capture it. I use confidential matched bank-firm-level data from the Banque de France on corporate bond investments to estimate the model. The model can be used to study macro-prudential regulation and monetary policy.Chapter 2 uses bank- and instrument-level data on asset holdings and liabilities to identify and estimate a general equilibrium model of trade in financial instruments shaping an endogenous network of interlinked banks' balance-sheets. Bilateral ties are formed as each bank selects the size and the diversification of its assets and liabilities. Shocks propagate due to the response, rather than the size, of bilateral ties to such shocks. The network exhibit key theoretical properties: (i) more connected networks lead to less amplification of partial equilibrium shocks, (ii) the influence of a bank's equity is independent of the size of its holdings; (iii) more risk-averse banks are more diversified, lowering their own volatility but increasing their influence on other banks. The structural estimation of the network model for the universe of French banks shows that the endogenous change in the network matters two to three times more than the initial network of cross-holdings for the transmission of shocks. The estimated network is used to assess the effects of the ECB's quantitative easing policy.Chapter 3 concludes the thesis with a more aggregated sector-level analysis. It first studies how the sharp deterioration of the net external portfolio position of France between 2008 and 2014 was driven by sectoral patterns such as the banking sector retrenchment and the increase in foreign liabilities of the public and corporate sectors but was mitigated by the expansion of domestic and foreign asset portfolios of insurance companies. It provides a network representation of the links between domestic sectors and the rest of the world. Sectoral shock propagation through inter-sectoral security holdings is studied in an estimated balance-sheet contagion model
Simonet, C. "CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, CHOCS PLUVIOMETRIQUES ET SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE : ESSAIS SUR L'USAGE DE L'INFORMATION CLIMATIQUE EN ECONOMIE DU DEVELOPPEMENT." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859800.
Full textMokbel, Rita. "Systemic risk in financial economic institutions." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2080.
Full textFinancial crisis pose important theoretical problems on creating reliable indicator of stability of financial systems on which basis the regulators could intervene. The thesis proposes a dynamic model of banking system were the central bank can calculate an indicator of potential defaults taking into consideration the probability for a bank to default and the losses encountered in the financial network, a methodology that can improve the measurement, monitoring, and the management of the systemic risk. The thesis also suggests a clearing mechanisms : 1- in a model with seniority of liabilities and one type of liquid asset whose fire sale has a market impact, 2 - in a model with crossholdings among the banks whose interbank liabilities may be senior and junior and with one liquid asset whose firing sale has a market impact
Majoul, Amira. "Transmission du cycle économique des Etats Unis au reste du monde : le cas des pays émergents." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22002/document.
Full textThe issue of international transmission cycles has considerably received attention due to the increasing economic and financial globalization. Our thesis is in line with the literature dedicated to this question. More specifically, we focusour attention on the analysis of the transmission cycle of the United States to emerging countries. It consists of three chapters. The first one, based on a new econometric approach in terms of Global VAR model, aims to study the effect of shocks from the U.S. to emerging countries. The main resultconfirms the idea that the United States plays an important role in the transmission of economic cycles given their weight in the world economy. The second chapter proposes to study the financial transmission of the United States by focusing on the subprime crisis on these countries. The estimation of time varyingtransitionprobability (TVTP) Markov switchingmodel indicates that the persistence of financial stress, the tightening of the conditions of the credit and the increase of the risk of Banking solvency constitute the major determinants of the financial transmission. The US stock market volatility is the key factor transmission channel for all the studied countries. The third chapter is devoted to investigate whether emerging countries are able to adopt countercyclical fiscal policies to mitigate the impact from outside. Using the threshold model with smooth transition panel ( the PSTR model ), this chapter confirms that fiscal policy in emerging countries is procyclicalin the slowdown periodand also when public debt exceeds the critical threshold. Therefore, a strong fiscal position is fundamental to ensure macroeconomic stability
Ben, Sliman Lilia. "Chocs de change, dynamique des prix et conduite de la politique monétaire : le cas de la Tunisie dans le cadre de l'accord d'Agadir." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354275.
Full textHairault, Jean-Olivier. "L'influence de la monnaie dans les fluctuations économiques : évaluation empirique et fondements théoriques." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010044.
Full textThe dissertation's first part surveys the literature on the sources of economic fluctuations. It is indeed useful to assess the importance of work contesting the role of money in business cycles. The second part provides empirical evidence on the influence of monetary shocks in OECD's main countries economic fluctuations. Finally, the third part deals with economic mechanisms susceptible to determine the importance of monetary shocks in explaining economic fluctuations
Mc, Isaac Florent. "Energy and money in new frameworks for macro-dynamics." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E049/document.
Full textEver since the stagflation that followed the oil price run-ups of 1973 and 1979, oil price shocks have been considered one of the most influential sources of economic fluctuation in the United States and other developed countries. A large body of literature has analyzed oil price shocks as sources of variation for leading macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth, unemployment rate, inflation, and wages. However, scholars have yet to reach a consensus as to the true impact of oil shocks on the macroeconomic environment. Furthermore, the last decade has seen the debate intensify as the results of the relatively (in comparison with the 1970s) muted reaction of the real economy during the 2002-6 oil price run-up. Indeed, the recessionary effect was only observed during the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008-9. Numerous hypotheses have been put forward to explain the difference in impact during the 1970s versus the 2000s. For instance, Blanchard & Gali (2009) and Blanchard & Riggi (2013) evoked the reduction of the quantity of oil used of a unit of production, more flexible real wages, and a better credibility of the monetary policy. Hamilton (2009) and Kilian (2008) pinpointed a difference in the nature of the shock: whereas the oil shocks of the 1970s were driven by supply, that of the 2000s was led by demand. The original aim of this thesis was to reevaluate the impact of the oil shock in the 2000s through the debt channel. First, based on the work of Banchard & Gali, we proposed a new dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model (DSGE), which includes oil as an input of production as well as a consumption good. By relaxing some of the hypotheses of Blanchard & Gali, especially the decoupling of the output elasticity of oil with the cost-share in the production, our work demonstrated that oil is still a fundamental variable of the GDP in the United States. Furthermore, we found that energy efficiency is a key factor that explains the muted macroeconomic impact of an increase in oil prices. A third line of inquiry that may explain the difference between the shocks of the 1970s and the 2000s considers the extra costs implied by a higher price of oil that were absorbed by private debt (which was itself exacerbated by low interest rates set by the Federal Reserve in the 2000s). However, we found that DSGE modeling is unable to replicate the macroeconomic environment that led to the subprime mortgage crisis. In light of these considerations, I reoriented my thesis along the lines of a new angle of research that seeks to represent economic mechanisms differently. Under this new frame-work, private debt is at the core of macroeconomic analysis. It provides an alternative view of the financial crisis that occurred in the 2000s.[...]The conclusions of this thesis demonstrate great potential for providing foundations for new perspectives in macroeconomic modeling. The papers included in the thesis allow, in particular, for a better understanding of situations that most macroeconomic models are not able to cope with, including the over indebtedness crisis. As a result, the framework introduced here may provide an alternative and improved perspective for public policy. Further development of the research presented in this thesis may lead to the improvement of other frameworks in the field of macroeconomics. This would allow for a better understanding of complex interactions between the financial sphere, real business cycles, energy, and climate in what is certainly the biggest challenge of our generation : the ecological shift
Krejsová, Pavlína. "Posouzení investičního záměru v zemědělském podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224693.
Full textZouri, Stéphane. "La Communauté économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest est-elle une zone monétaire optimale ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E020.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation empirically investigates the optimality of a single currency in ECOWAS. It is subdivided into 4 chapters and is part of a dynamic approach to the theory of Optimum Currency Area (OCA). Chapter 1 shows that the traditional theory of OCA has not made it possible to make a credible and decisive judgement on the ability of West African states to form an OCA. In addition, it highlights the ambiguity of the results obtained in previous empirical works. However, these works are dated and the majority of them are static and omit the structural changes likely to occur in the area. Chapter 2 analyzes the degree of asymmetry of shocks within ECOWAS. We show that the economies of the region are marked by relatively high degrees of asymmetry. However, we stress the need to take into account the dynamic aspect of shocks, since a monetary union considered from the outset as costly can over time become beneficial. Chapter 3 identifies the determinants of synchronization of business cycles in ECOWAS. We show that bilateral trade and financial integration are determinants of the synchronization of business cycles in the region. In addition, we show that single currency increases the synchronization of business cycles through bilateral trade. Chapter 4 explores income and consumption smoothing patterns among ECOWAS. We show that official development assistance and gross savings smooth out asymmetric shocks between ECOWAS countries. Moreover, we show that even if the degree of risksharing has increased over time, it has remains limited. Thus, the creation of a supranational fiscal could provide an additional tool to mitigate asymmetric shocks in the region
Djoufelkit-Cottenet, Hélène. "Booms de ressources exogènes et développement manufacturier en Egypte: l'illusion du syndrome hollandais." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009583.
Full textPark, Chung-Geun. "L'effet d'éviction et les investissements énergétiques en Corée du sud." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21010.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to answer the question; whether the energy investments after the two oil shocks have caused the crowding-out effect or not in south korea. In this thesis, we have attempted to etablish a new method in the analysis of crowding-out effect, having confirmed the different analysis of crowding-out effect among the keynes, the monetarists, and the french economists. The specification of this new method can be described as follows : first, it relies upon the quantitive analysis, because the korean financial system is that of the 'overdraft sector' economy. Second, it lies not only on the analysis of quantity but also on that of the price, for we enlarge the definition of crowding-out effect in the case of the open economy. From these new methods, we could conclude that the finance of the energy investments has negatively influenced (in the means of the crowding-out effect) the manufacturing investments, particularly, in the internal market of long term loanable funds
Brunelin, Stéphanie. "Essays on food security in sub-Saharan Africa : The role of food prices and climate shocks." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011786.
Full textZdzienicka, Aleksandra. "Vulnérabilités des nouveaux états membres de l’Union Européenne et processus d’adhésion à l’Euro." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22014.
Full textAlthough the Central and Eastern European countries show in many respects increasing similarities to developed economies they still present some characteristics pointing to potential sources of increased financial vulnerability. The presence of these vulnerabilities has raised the discussion about whether early euro adoption could represent an effective policy remedy for the CEECs’ economies. Traditionally, in the sense of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) Theory, the arguments vary between two points of view. On the one side, the EMU adhesion would have a beneficial effect eliminating exchange rate risks, giving a better access to external financing and attenuating the impact of financial crises. On the other side, EMU membership may not protect these countries against asymmetric shocks. In fact, in the case of (real) asymmetric shocks or asymmetric response to common (real and nominal) shocks, the output and employment costs of the euro adoption could be very high. The objective of this dissertation is to study these issues, focusing first on potential source of financial vulnerabilities, and then to assess the degree of the CEECs’ shock asymmetry to participate in debates on the euro adoption
Ma, Xiaofei. "Structural Change, Mobility and Economic Policies." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2073/document.
Full textThis thesis studies challenges for modern developped economies, including the structural change toward services, population ageing, weak labor mobility in the EMU and unconventional monetary policies after the 2008 financial crisis. The manuscript is divided into four chapters.In the first chapter, we analyze the interaction between interbank markets and default risk using a two-country dynamic general equilibrium model, with a focus on the transmission of the recent financial crisis and unconventional monetary policies.In the second chapter, we investigate the effects of fiscal devaluations on key macroeconomic aggregates and welfare using a two-country monetary-union model with endogenous varieties and endogenous tradability.In the third chapter, we study the impact of demographic factor and the growth of service sector by using a multi-sectoral OLG model, and effectuate counterfactual experiments in which the annual growth rate of young generation is ±1pp than the actual growth rate.In the fourth chapter, we study the potential interactions between financial integration and labor mobility in a currency union facing asymmetric shocks, and simulate the impacts of 2008 financial crisis under different mobility costs
HRBKOVÁ, Jana. "Vyhodnocení úrovně vybraného chovu ovcí." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-86186.
Full textKemoe, Laurent. "Three essays in macro-finance, international economics and macro-econometrics." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19308.
Full textCette thèse présente de nouveaux résultats sur différentes branches de la littérature en macro-finance, économie internationale et macro-économétrie. Les deux premiers chapitres combinent des modèles théoriques et des techniques empiriques pour approfondir l’étude de phénomènes économiques importants tels que les effets de l’incertitude liée aux politiques économiques sur les marchés financiers et la convergence entre les pays émergents et les pays avancés sur ces marchés. Le troisième chapitre, qui est le fruit d’une collaboration avec Hafedh Bouakez, contribue à la littérature sur l’identification des chocs anticipés sur la productivité future. Dans le premier chapitre, j’étudie l’effet de l’incertitude relative aux politiques monétaire et fiscale sur les rendements et les primes de risque associés aux actifs nominaux du gouvernement des États-Unis. J’utilise un modèle d’équilibre stochastique et dynamique de type néo-Keynesien prenant en compte des préférences récursives des agents et des rigidités réelles et nominales. En utilisant un modèle VAR structurel. L’incertitude relative aux politiques économiques est définie comme étant une expansion de la distribution des chocs de politique, expansion au cours de laquelle la moyenne de la distribution reste inchangée. Mes résultats montrent que : (i) Lorsque l’économie est sujette à des chocs imprévisibles sur la volatilité des instruments de politique, le niveau médian de la courbe des rendements baisse de 8,56 points de base, sa pente s’accroît de 13,5 points de base et les primes de risque baissent en moyenne de 0.21 point de base. Cet effet négatif sur le niveau de rendements et les primes de risque est dû à l’impact asymétrique des chocs de signes opposés mais de même amplitude; (ii) Un choc positif à la volatilité des politiques économiques entraîne une hausse des rendements pour toutes les durées de maturité. Cet effet s’explique par le comportement des ménages qui, à la suite du choc, augmentent leur demande de bons dans le but de se prémunir contre les fortes fluctuations espérées au niveau de la consommation, ce qui entraîne des pressions à la baisse sur les rendements. De façon simultanée, ces ménages requièrent une hausse des taux d’intérêt en raison d’une espérance d’inflation future plus grande. Les analyses montrent que le premier effet est dominant, entraînant donc la hausse des rendements observée. Enfin, j’utilise plusieurs mesures empiriques d’incertitude de politiques économiques et un modèle VAR structurel pour montrer les résultats ci-dessus sont conformes avec les faits empiriques. Le Chapitre 2 explore le marché des bons du gouvernement de 12 pays avancés et 8 pays émergents, pendant la période 1999-2012, et analyses la question de savoir s’il y a eu une quelconque convergence du risque associé à ces actifs entre les deux catégories de pays. Je fais une distinction entre risque de défaut et autres types de risque, comme ceux liés au risque d’inflation, de liquidité ou de change. Je commence par montrer théoriquement que le différentiel au niveau des primes de risque « forward » entre les deux pays peut être utilisé pour faire la distinction entre le risque « forward » et les utilise pour montrer qu’il est difficile de conclure que ces autres types de risque dans les pays émergents ont convergé vers les niveaux différents de risque politique, jouent un rôle important dans l’explication des différences de primes de risque – autres que celles associées au risque de défaut– entre les pays émergents et les pays avancés. Le Chapitre 3 propose une nouvelle stratégie d’identification des chocs technologiques anticipés et non-anticipés, qui conduit à des résultats similaires aux prédictions des modèles néo-Keynésiens conventionnels. Il montre que l’incapacité de plusieurs méthodes empiriques à générer des résultats rejoignant la théorie est due à l’impureté des données existences sur la productivité totale des facteurs (TFP), conduisant à mauvaise identification des chocs technologiques non-anticipés-dont les effets estimés ne concordent pas avec l’interprétation de tels chocs comme des chocs d’offre. Ce problème, à son tour, contamine l’identification des chocs technologiques anticipés. Mon co-auteur, Hafedh Bouakez, et moi proposons une stratégie d’identification agnostique qui permet à la TFP d’être affectée de façon contemporaine par deux chocs surprises (technologique et non technologique), le premier étant identifié en faisant recours aux restrictions de signe sur la réponse de l’inflation. Les résultats montrent que les effets des chocs technologiques anticipés et non-anticipés concordent avec les prédictions des modèles néo-Keynésiens standards. En particulier, le puzzle rencontré dans les travaux précédents concernant les effets d’un choc non-anticipé sur l’inflation disparaît lorsque notre nouvelle stratégie est employée.