Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chlorure de polyvinyle – Recyclage'
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Lusinchi, Jean-Marie. "Optimisation des propriétés des mélanges de polyéthylène térephtalate avec les polyoléfines et le PVC." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20192.
Full textFajardie, Pauline. "Recycling of plasticized PVC by incorporation into plastisols : modeling of rheological behavior and study of compatibility." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10238.
Full textCurrent environmental issues regarding disposal of polymer wastes encourage PVC industry stakeholders to replace the linear economic system in force by a circular process. Mechanical and chemical techniques employed to recycle PVC materials are well-known but only little attention has been given to the reuse of plasticized PVC wastes by incorporation into plastisols, despite their industrial importance. Processing of the latter is indeed strongly dependent on rheology, widely affected by the addition of plasticized recycled PVC which tends to increase the extent of viscosity aging and to speed up the gelation process. These mechanisms being governed by diffusion of plasticizer which penetrates and swells PVC particles, a kinetic study conducted in the frame of model systems has been performed to determine diffusion coefficients. The glass transition temperature of PVC was proven to be of utmost importance. A model based on the rheology of concentrated suspensions was subsequently developed to predict the aging and gelation behavior of plastisols containing a recycled fraction. The effects of several key parameters, such as the quantity of recycled PVC as well as its particle size and plasticization level, have been examined. Further investigations have been conducted regarding the compatibility of recycled PVC with the matrix composed of plasticized virgin resin, with particular emphasis on the mechanical performance of the coated material. Results actually demonstrate that such a recycling procedure requires compromise between a bearable increase of plastisol viscosity during storage, to meet industrial constraints, and the preservation of mechanical performance after processing. A final series of experiments has been performed on semi-industrial systems to assess the feasibility at a larger scale and some recommendations are suggested
Le, Guern Cécile. "Séparation de déchets de plastiques par voie physico-chimique (flottation-moussage) en vue de leur recyclage : applicabilité au mélange PVC/PET bouteilles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_LE_GUERN_C.pdf.
Full textGrzyb, Bartosz Weber Jean-Victor Machnikowski Jacek. "Preparation and characterization of mesophasic carbon materials enriched in nitrogen." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2003/Grzyb.Bartosz.SMZ0328.pdf.
Full textGondard, Christian. "Etude de réactions de substitution nucléophile pour réaliser la réticulation du poly(chlorure de vinyle) dans une opération de mise en œuvre par extrusion." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10163.
Full textSahraoui, Mohamed. "Etude des corrélations entre le comportement rhéologique du polychlorure de vinyle, sa microstructure et sa morphologie." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10022.
Full textDarraji, Sihem. "Activité anticoagulante de copolymères à base de poly(chlorure de vinyle), mécanisme de la réaction d'inhibition de la thrombine par l'antithrombine à la surface de ces matériaux." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132034.
Full textBensemra, Naima. "Stabilisation thermique du polychlorure de vinyle en solution : influence des défauts de structure." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10105.
Full textZheng, Xianqin. "Etude du vieillissement accéléré des matériaux de polychlorure de vinyle colorés par pigments." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10137.
Full textDevigili, Pierre. "Séparation du zinc et du nickel en milieu chlorure concentré : application à la valorisation de déchets industriels liquides." Metz, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002METZ037S.
Full textThe importance of metal recycluig is increasing with economic and environmental 1 constraints. The subject of this work deals with the separation of nickel and zinc in a highly concentrated chloride medium. The final objective is industrial applications of a defined process for such effluents. The research carried out at the Laboratoire d'Electrochime des Matériaux was based on hydrometallurgic treatments directly transferable to factory sites. Several ways were investigated in relation with the industrial partner : the research centre of VIVENDI ENVIRONNEMENT. The h-st way concems the use of an anion exchanger (Cl forrn) to achieve the separation of the cations. This process is based on the highly concentrated chloride medium allowing the formation of anionic zinc chloro complexes. The method initially tested with a synthetic solution 1 was successfully applied to an industrial effluent. The obtained results were validated at pilot 1 scale. The process has been submitted by SARP INDUSTRIE (VIVENDI ENVIRONNEMENT) to be patented. An improvement of zinc elution mas proposed. Two different solutions were studied, one based on an original electrochemical process and the other using a chelating reagent. The other ways irnplement insolubilisation processes. The traditional separation by precipitation of one of the metals appears to be not very effective. The formation of superior nickel oxide is not directly selective, but good performances can be reached by additional treatment consisting in the sodic leachmg of zinc hydroxide fiom the solid compound
Fillot, Louise-Anne. "Compréhension des mécanismes de renforcement au choc du PVC rigide." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAL0090.
Full textPVC gelation describes the evolution of the microstructure during processing under heating and shearing conditions. Gelation level characterisation is very important because it affects impact performance to a great extent: in notched tests, an optimum performance is obtained at moderate gelation level, whereas in unnotched tests, impact performance increases with gelation level until a saturation value has been reached. The analysis of this difference observed in notched and unnotched tests has lead to an original damage scenario of PVC implying the cavitation of PVC matrix. The role of acrylic core-shell impact modifiers has then been investigated, the modifiers acting both during the processing (impact modifiers effects on PVC microstructure) and during the impact solicitation (impact reinforcement mechanisms)
Trognon, Laurence. "Approche thermodynamique de la réactivité des stabilisants thermiques du polychlorure de vinyle." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10212.
Full textColombani, Juliette. "Etude de la radiolyse gamma du poly(chlorure de vinyle) : application à l'étude de la dégradation par irradiation et par lixiviation du PVC industriel." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30059.
Full textThe works presented in this memory enter in the context of the management of plastic nuclear waste. This study was carried out on pure PVC and industrial PVC (formulated polymer). The radiolysis at high doses (up to 4 MGy) of pure PVC in anaerobic condition involves the formation of polyenyl radicals, polyenic sequences, hydrogen chloride and reactions of crosslinking. In aerobic condition, the radiolysis at high doses of pure PVC generates the formation of peroxyl radicals, hydrogen chloride, acid water, carboxylic acids, saturated or conjugated ketones and phenomena of scission. The production of HCl generated by irradiation of industrial PVC was carried out up to 40 MGy. The HCl formed by radiolysis is completely trapped by the calcic loads contained in industrial PVC and by the water produced by these reactions of trapping. A qualitative study on the formation of the products of radiolysis highlighted that the mechanisms of radiolysis of industrial PVC are different from those of pure PVC. This difference is due to the presence of additives belonging to the formulation of industrial PVC. The irradiation of plasticizers such as phtalic esters could induce the formation of radicals being able to react, by reaction of grafting, with the macroradicals of PVC or with the polyenic sequences formed by radiolysis of PVC macromolecules. The results of leaching experiments tend to confirm this type of mechanism
DISTELZWEY, GUY. "Comptatibilite matieres plastiques - solutes injectables : cas du pvc et du polypropylene." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10733.
Full textBacati, Olivier. "Substitution nucléophile des atomes de chlore du poly(chlorure de vinyle) par des fonctions alcool : application aux mélanges à base de poly(chlorure de vinyle) et d'un copolymère de l'éthylène et de l'alcool polyvinylique." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10077.
Full textRabia, Aminallah. "Rhéologie des suspensions et des pâtes de PVC : influence des propriétés physiques et physico-chimiques sur la résistance au cisaillement et à la compression des pâtes." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077072.
Full textThis work is focused on the study of the rheological behaviour of suspensions of PVC particles of =150μm in diameter obtained by polymerisation in suspension. The rheological properties were characterized using a 6- bladed vane geometry calibrated in the laboratory. Numerical study and experimental validation with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids were performed. The study of suspensions with increasing volume fractions shows a difference with theoretical models when φ >25%. The creep behaviour of PVC pastes shows effects of temperature, of quality of the suspending liquid and of the saturation level. On the other hand, the pastes were characterized by their oedometric module (in compression) and their failure stress by using a shear box. The application of Mohr-Coulomb criterion allowed to deduce the internal friction coefficients (μ=0. 6) and the cohesion of the materials. The use of glycerol as interstitial fluid (instead of water) showed that the cohesion stress and the compaction were substantially lowered compared to water. The sedimentation of the suspension and the permeability of the paste were discussed and compared with the commonly used models in the case of smooth spheres. Finally, the mechanical parameters of the pastes measured in the laboratory were included in the modelling of centrifugation process of PVC suspensions
Commereuc, Sophie. "Réticulation chimique du polychlorure de vinyle au cours d'une opération de filage en vue d'améliorer ses propriétés thermomécaniques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10127.
Full textDamour, François-Xavier. "Stabilisation de polychlorure de vinyle à usage médical : étude du mécanisme d'action des composés béta-dicétoniques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10005.
Full textMézière, Patrick Moszkowicz Pierre. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation des risques sanitaires et environnementaux des produits de construction cas d'illustration avec deux usages du PVC dans le bâtiment /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=meziere.
Full textGonnu, Michel. "Contribution à l'étude de la réticulation chimique du polychlorure de vinyle plastifié au cours de sa mise en oeuvre." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10541.
Full textBonetti, Josyane. "Mécanisme de la réaction entre les fonctions esters et l'oxyde de dibutylétain : application à la stabilisation de la morphologie des mélanges polychlorure de vinyle - copolymère de l'éthylène et de l'acétate de vinyle." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10223.
Full textGobeau, Jean-François. "Etude expérimentale et simulation numérique 3D par éléments finis de l'écoulement dans les filières d'extrusion de profilés PVC." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0790.
Full textVindevoghel, Philippe. "Emulsion suspendue : étude du procédé appliqué à la synthèse du polychlorure de vinyle et d'un copolymère acrylonitrile-acrylate de méthyle." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10097.
Full textBuchheit, Olivier. "Étude et caractérisation de l'usure de revêtement de sol à base de PVC : caractérisation des défauts consécutifs aux conditions réelles d'utilisation et aux simulations en laboratoire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_BUCHHEIT_O.pdf.
Full textPresently, when the resilient floor covering industry wants to test the wear resistance of its products following existing standards, an important discrepancy appears between the real constraints the flooring will have to endure and the standardized ones. These tests can lead to erroneous conclusions. The main objective here is to achieve a better understanding of the product tribology, in order to help the standardisation process. We study the aesthetic and topographical evolutions of two PVC-based resilient floor coverings, with and without an elastomeric protective coating, during three different tests (field test / Frick Taber / lisson). Thanks to a topographical approach of pure abrasion, the Ek vs. Sk approach, we are able to highlight some of the basic damage processes occurring during these tests. Ln addition, a first-order analysis of the tested flooring mechanical behaviour, via nanoscratch experiments
Cena, Aurélie. "Phénomènes de décoloration des profilés PVC rigides à usage extérieur : phénomène de "rosissement"." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2013.
Full textThe objective of this work is to understand the phenomenon of discoloration, commonly known as "pinking", which affects some PVC profiles, to determine the chemical species involved, as well as the mechanisms of this phenomenon. The first part of this study describes the manufacture of a classic formulation of rigid PVC for outdoor utilisation in order to highlight the additives involved in the onset of the discoloration. It has been demonstrated that pinking is a result of reactions between dibasic lead stearate and phenolic antioxidants with an ester function. Additional work on formulation and processing by extrusion of PVC profile was also performed, and an experimental protocol was set up to understand the impact of ageing under natural conditions. The second part of this work deals with the synthesis and the study of the reactivity of molecular models. The importance of the antioxidant structure and lead-based molecules on the discoloration was demonstrated, and as a result of this work, for the reaction of discoloration to takes place, the antioxidant must have a phenol and also an ester function which should not be located directly on the aromatic nucleus. The research conducted has also shown that the dibasic properties of lead-based molecules, and more precisely the lead dioxide (PbO2), were strongly involved in the phenomenon of discoloration. Finally, a chemical characterization was carried out on the molecules responsible for the appearance of discoloration to determine their exact structure and a mechanism of the pinking phenomenon has been proposed
Truchassou, Anne-Sophie Caillaud Emmanuel. "Etude de la résistance aux chocs de tubes PVC à parois structurées Influence du procédé de fabrication sur les propriétés finales /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/784/01/LICHTLE2007.pdf.
Full textMarcoux, Andrée-Anne, and Andrée-Anne Marcoux. "Rôle de l'exon 4 du cotransporteur Na-K-Cl de type 2 dans le recyclage endocytique de la protéine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24794.
Full textCe mémoire de maîtrise porte sur la régulation du cotransporteur Na+-K+-Cl- de type 2 (NKCC2), de ses variantes d’épissage NKCC2A, NKCC2B et NKCC2F plus précisément, par les with no lysine kinases (WNKs) dont certains isoformes sont associés au pseudohypoaldostéronisme de type II, une maladie héréditaire causant de l’hypertension artérielle. Ces variantes sont exprimées uniquement dans l’anse ascendante de Henle où elles réabsorbent une partie importante du NaCl filtré, et elles sont identiques entre elles excepté pour un segment de 32 acides aminés codé par l’exon 4. Dans ce travail, j’ai utilisé le système d’expression de l’oocyte du Xenopus laevis pour déterminer si l’exon 4 de NKCC2 confère des différences de sensibilité à l’action des WNK parmi les variantes. J’ai démontré que tel était bien le cas, et que certains résidus dans l’exon 4 jouaient probablement un rôle important dans le recyclage endocytique de NKCC2 sous l’effet de L-WNK1 et de WNK3.
This thesis is concerned with the regulation of Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2), of its splice variants NKCC2A, NKCC2B and NKCC2F more specifically, by the with no lysine kinases (WNKs) among which certain isoforms have been linked to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a hereditary disorder causing systemic hypertension. These variants are expressed exclusively in the thick ascending limb of Henle where they reabsorb 20 % of the filtrated NaCl load, and they are identical among each other except for a 23-amino acid segment that is encoded by exon 4. In this work, I have used the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system to determine whether exon 4 in NKCC2 conveys variant-specific sensitivities to the action of WNKs. I have shown that this was indeed the case, and that certain residues in exon 4 probably play an important role in endocytic recycling of NKCC2 under the effect of L-WNK1 and WNK3.
This thesis is concerned with the regulation of Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter type 2 (NKCC2), of its splice variants NKCC2A, NKCC2B and NKCC2F more specifically, by the with no lysine kinases (WNKs) among which certain isoforms have been linked to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a hereditary disorder causing systemic hypertension. These variants are expressed exclusively in the thick ascending limb of Henle where they reabsorb 20 % of the filtrated NaCl load, and they are identical among each other except for a 23-amino acid segment that is encoded by exon 4. In this work, I have used the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system to determine whether exon 4 in NKCC2 conveys variant-specific sensitivities to the action of WNKs. I have shown that this was indeed the case, and that certain residues in exon 4 probably play an important role in endocytic recycling of NKCC2 under the effect of L-WNK1 and WNK3.
Heydel, Christophe. "Elaboration d'un matériau barrière à base de poly(chlorure de vinyle) en vue d'améliorer la résistance aux salissures de revêtements de sol réalisés par enduction." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10218.
Full textGarrigues, Christine. "Stabilisation thermique du polychlorure de vinyle en solution." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10062.
Full textDang, Tan Tai. "Nanocomposites PVC/Montmorillonite : élaboration, morphologie et propriétés." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS027.
Full textThe aim of this work is to process Poly (Vinyl Chloride)/Montmorillonite nanocomposites by new technologies developed in order to avoid any PVC therrnal degradation that is an important lirnitation of current methodologies. At first, special attention is focused on degradation of PVC/organomontmorillonite (organo-montmorillonite: quaternary aLkylamrnonium modified montmorillonite). The role of the quaternary alkylamrnonium is highlighted, and a "concerted quasi-ionic" mechanism is proposed. After this study, several methods which are supposed to avoid decomposition of PVC are explored. The parts II and IV deal with intercalation of montmorillonite and process study of nanocomposites processed by these methods. The part V deals with morphology, viscoelastic and mechanieal properties of the different familles of nanocomposites. Then a comparative study is realised between nanocomposites performed with commercial montmorillonite or with natural montmorillonite
AUDIC, JEAN-LUC. "Controle de la migration des additifs dans le film alimentaire a base de pvc." Le Mans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEMA1009.
Full textTruchassou, Anne-Sophie. "Etude de la résistance aux chocs de tubes PVC à parois structurées : influence du procédé de fabrication sur les propriétés finales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/LICHTLE_Anne-Sophie_2007.pdf.
Full textCurrently, the multi-layer PVC pipes, used for sewage systems does not guarantee an enough impact resistance. A study was thus undertaken to improve the toughness of pipes. The analyse of the manufacturing process, the extrusion, shows that this process is complex. The awaited properties of the pipes depend on parameters related to the manufacturing process like to the product. It exists a real difficulty to find the crucial parameters on which to act to improve the toughness. To identify them, instrumented impact tests were realized. These tests show that thoughness is not homogeneous aroud the pipe. There are zones of weakest strength to the level of the welding surfaces, created during the manufacturing. To reduce the impact of these surfaces on the pipe toughness, a 3D numerical model of the melt flow was set up. A modification of the dies was proposed
Barthélémy, Eric. "Interactions entre l'eau et le poly(chlorure de vinyle) chloré." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11015.
Full textMathieu, Emmanuelle. "Dégradation de tissus PVC plastifié industriels en utilisation extérieure : mesure de la dégradation, choix d'une enceinte de vieillissement accéléré et recherche de prévision du comportement en vieillissement." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT036G.
Full textAressy, Michel. "Etude de l'influence de la nature des lubrifiants sur le phénomène de glissement du polychlorure de vinyle plastifié." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO19008.
Full textFras, Isabelle. "Etude de l'influence de charges sur les phénomènes de glissement en filière et sur les propriétés mécaniques d'une gaine de câble électrique à base de polychlorure de vinyle plastifié." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10112.
Full textOriol, Christine. "Phénomènes de migration des additifs des films alimentaires à base de polychlorure de vinyle." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10225.
Full textEloy-Giorni, Catherine. "Etude des transferts diffusifs dans les géomembranes : mécanismes et mesures à l'aide de traceurs radioactifs." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10006.
Full textMézière, Patrick. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation des risques sanitaires et environnementaux des produits de construction : cas d'illustration avec deux usages du PVC dans le bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0121/these.pdf.
Full textNowadays, in the field of building, there does not exist systematic and unified approach to assess environmental and sanitary risks of building products considered during their setting up, their use phase and their end-of-life. Therefore, we aim at suggesting a methodology allowing to assess this type of risks. The developed methodology applies to a building product considered in its "use scenario" (standard EN 12920). It is composed of five main parts : 1 – inventory of the assessment scenarios, 2 – description of the assessment scenarios, 3 – organisation into a hierarchy of each assessment scenario and identification of priority scenarios, 4 – characterisation of the assessment scenarios, 5 – synthesis of the assessment. We test its applicability using a PVC cladding and a PVC floor covering as examples. Specific tests elaborated to assess emission of pollutants from PVC building products in water and air show that, for PVC cladding, emissions phenomena in water are mainly controlled by the solubility of species contained in this cladding. Moreover, the role of the degradation phenomena of the material, in particular UV action, is very important. Risks linked to the exposition of cladding to rain are acceptable. For the original PVC floor covering, VOC quantities in air decrease rapidly and risks associated to this type of emission are juged acceptable. Nevertheless, physico-chemical ageing phenomena that can occur during its use were not considered. Applicability of the proposed methodology is globally demonstrated. Moreover, we discuss the limits and prospects of our work
Vella, Nathalie. "Étude de la nature et de l'origine des charges d'espace, dans les polymères soumis à de forts champs électriques." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT094H.
Full textGabut, Olivier. "Exploitation et développement du cône calorimétre pour évaluation du comportement au feu de matériaux : application au matériel électrotechnique." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-453.pdf.
Full textMeite, Mamadou. "Caractérisation des paramètres de fissuration par un couplage corrélation d'images et éléments finis." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/fa00b703-3a94-44be-96df-a500c267ccd2/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4007.pdf.
Full textThe thesis work consists in developing a model allowing analyzing crack problems in materials in order to predict their integrity and structural durability. In this model, two techniques are coupled to exploit the experimental observation and numerical modeling by finite elements in order to determine the mechanical state and the fracture properties into crack tip vicinity. A first part is dedicated to the experimental analysis using Digital Images Correlation to calculate, in the crack tip vicinity, the kinematics fields of deformations. The experimental noise inherent to the experimental data and the uncertainty of the crack tip localization require developing a procedure for measurements fields’ optimization. This optimization consists in finding a good correlation between the experimental data and the Williams’ asymptotic analytical solution based on the development of mathematical series of weighting coefficients, by using Newton-Raphson iterative procedure based on nonlinear least squares. The consequence of this correlation allowed determining at the same time, the crack tip position and kinematics field of crack lips displacement nearest to reality. The kinematic analysis then allows characterizing the kinetics of cracking via the crack opening intensity factors. One second part deals with the development, into the computer finite elements code Castem, of a specific numerical algorithm to the mechanical and energy characterization. In the case of a stationary crack, although the experimental tests are monitoring under machine displacement (correlated with the crack opening), the numerical model is defined by imposing a load given by synchronization between the testing machine and the images acquisition. This approach, that we described as statics (piloting in force or stress), shows that the amplitude of the singularity, characterized by the stress intensity factor which is determined from the integral invariants formalism, is not only independent of the material behavior law, but also proportional to the loading amplitude. Lastly, a last stage allows rebuilding the totality of the cracking properties, as well as kinematic, static and energetic. This rebuilding passes by the bringing together of kinematics properties provided by images analysis and stress properties calculated by finite elements approach. Thus, the whole of the protocol disregards law of behavior. Moreover, the kinematic and static coupling allows deducing the energy release rate. This coupling allows finally characterizing the local elastic properties which can, at terms, being employed to feed a crack propagation law or to go back to the global elasticity properties of the employed material. The whole of work is accompanied by experimental and numerical applications for isotropic (PVC) and orthotropic (Douglas) materials, the samples being subjected to tension in opening (I) and mixed (I+II) modes loading
Murray-Chiasson, Audrey. "Étude de la relâche des inclusions lors de la filtration de l'aluminium liquide /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textAboutaybi, Abdelhakim. "Transferts de matière dans les polymères PVC, PU : modélisation et expérimentation." Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STET4016.
Full textBerthé, Jean Michel Mamadou. "Eco-PVC : catalyse d'amorçage de polymérisation, une voie nouvelle éco-compatible pour la synthèse auto-énergétique du polychlorure de vinyle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10119.
Full textThe purpose of this work, carried out in partnership with the INEOS company, is to develop a catalytic system able to improve the efficiency of the radical polymerization of vinyl chloride in industrial conditions. In this context, our objective was to develop and investigate a method to enable the decomposition of peroxides used for the initiation of the reaction. This activation is achieved by addition of organic or inorganic molecules called "kickers", which act in a catalytic manner. A preliminary study was performed on vinyl acetate as surrogate monomer, before transposing the results on vinyl chloride. The final characteristics of the polymer were evaluated by SEC, NMR, SEM, and thermal stability tests were performed in order to assessed the impact of the process on the final polymer material. The development of such a process could lead to substantial savings in terms of energy, either in the first stage of the polymerization where heat is required to decompose peroxides, or when the polymerization reaction, which is an exothermic phenomenon, has reached a stage where it is necessary to cool the reactor in order to control the process. This leads to substantial energy efficiency in a context of producing a polymer for convenience applications. This thesis has been initiated within the Pôle de compétitivité MAUD (Materials and Applications for Sustainable Use), within its thematic "efficient processes," and has been financially supported by the ADEME focusing on two areas of activity : "the achievement of energy and raw materials savings," and "the development of clean and efficient technologies."
Komar, Wieslaw. "Relations constitutives viscoélastiques pour des tissus techniques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-159.pdf.
Full textBerthé, Jean Michel Mamadou. "Eco-PVC : catalyse d'amorçage de polymérisation, une voie nouvelle éco-compatible pour la synthèse auto-énergétique du polychlorure de vinyle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10119/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work, carried out in partnership with the INEOS company, is to develop a catalytic system able to improve the efficiency of the radical polymerization of vinyl chloride in industrial conditions. In this context, our objective was to develop and investigate a method to enable the decomposition of peroxides used for the initiation of the reaction. This activation is achieved by addition of organic or inorganic molecules called "kickers", which act in a catalytic manner. A preliminary study was performed on vinyl acetate as surrogate monomer, before transposing the results on vinyl chloride. The final characteristics of the polymer were evaluated by SEC, NMR, SEM, and thermal stability tests were performed in order to assessed the impact of the process on the final polymer material. The development of such a process could lead to substantial savings in terms of energy, either in the first stage of the polymerization where heat is required to decompose peroxides, or when the polymerization reaction, which is an exothermic phenomenon, has reached a stage where it is necessary to cool the reactor in order to control the process. This leads to substantial energy efficiency in a context of producing a polymer for convenience applications. This thesis has been initiated within the Pôle de compétitivité MAUD (Materials and Applications for Sustainable Use), within its thematic "efficient processes," and has been financially supported by the ADEME focusing on two areas of activity : "the achievement of energy and raw materials savings," and "the development of clean and efficient technologies."
Chabert, Mickaël. "Recyclage et revalorisation de films de PET / PVDC par extrusion réactive à basse température." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10045.
Full textAn original way for recycling PET / PVDC films is proposed by their chemical transformation with titanium alkoxydes by reactive extrusion process in the solid state. The exchange reactions between these organo-metallic species and the PET were carried out at temperatures between 250 and 280°C at laboratory scale and they have allowed to shorten the PET's chains, in short oligomers with low melting temperatures, in a range of reaction time of few minutes. These oligomers could be post-functionalized with diols. The technologic transfert of these exchange reactions to the twin screw extruder scale was optimized in order to transform PET / PVDC films at temperatures between 130 and 180°c without degrading the PVDC. The titanium alkoxydes allow to stabilize the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) during thermal degradation of this halogenated polymer. The reuse of these oligomers into different polyurethane systems were then studied and demonstrated the compatibility of PET oligomers with these matrix with improvements of some physical and mechanical properties
Zouhri, Yassir. "Amélioration du procédé de synthèse de polychlorure de vinyle par décomposition catalytique de peroxydes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR017.
Full textThe acceleration of radical suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) by peroxide initiation using a redox system has been investigated as well as its impact on the properties of the resulting polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This project is part of a CIFRE collaboration between the company Vynova-Mazingarbe and the MOCAH team of the UCCS Laboratory of the University of Lille. The initiation of the polymerization was based on the formation of radicals via redox decomposition of a peroxide pre-initiator, promoted by a dual-component activator, so-called “kicker”. This kicker consists of an organometallic derivative in catalytic amount, the catalyst, that reduces the peroxide and causes its decomposition combined with a reducing agent, which is able to regenerate the oxidized form of the catalyst. A preliminary development stage was carried out on a model monomer of VCM, 1-chlorobutane, to provide a first evaluation of the effect of redox initiation with the kicker before being applied in the suspension polymerization of VCM. A series of iron-based catalysts, mainly ferrocene (Fc) and its derivatives, combined with a range of water-soluble reducing agents, have been evaluated toward the decomposition of di-(2-ethylhexylperoxydicarbonate) (EHP) or lauroyl peroxide (LPO) as pre-initiators. When applied to the suspension polymerization of VCM, a significant improvement in rate has been achieved using Fc/Rongalite or decamethylferrocene/Rongalite as kicker in the presence of EHP or LPO. The use of a phase transfer agent to improve the interaction between the kicker compounds located in different phases has also been examined; the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide phase transfer agent used in this study has been shown to further improve the performance of the Fc/Rongalite kicker under certain optimized conditions. Other reducing agents, including some new ones, belonging to the family of sulfinates and potentially more soluble in the organic phase have been synthesized, using Rongalite as a starting product. Within this family, all compounds, in particular dicyclohexylammonium N-perfluoroethane α-aminomethanesulfinate, have shown a good efficiency in accelerating the rate of polymerization when combined with Fc in the presence of EHP peroxide, while preserving the stability of the reaction medium as well as the properties of the resulting polymer
Chabert, Mickaël. "Recyclage et revalorisation de films de PET / PVDC par extrusion réactive à basse température." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10045.
Full textAn original way for recycling PET / PVDC films is proposed by their chemical transformation with titanium alkoxydes by reactive extrusion process in the solid state. The exchange reactions between these organo-metallic species and the PET were carried out at temperatures between 250 and 280°C at laboratory scale and they have allowed to shorten the PET's chains, in short oligomers with low melting temperatures, in a range of reaction time of few minutes. These oligomers could be post-functionalized with diols. The technologic transfert of these exchange reactions to the twin screw extruder scale was optimized in order to transform PET / PVDC films at temperatures between 130 and 180°c without degrading the PVDC. The titanium alkoxydes allow to stabilize the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) during thermal degradation of this halogenated polymer. The reuse of these oligomers into different polyurethane systems were then studied and demonstrated the compatibility of PET oligomers with these matrix with improvements of some physical and mechanical properties