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Journal articles on the topic 'Chlorinated compound'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Melo, Ricardo, Verónica Armstrong, Freddy Navarro, Paulo Castro, Leonora Mendoza, and Milena Cotoras. "Characterization of the Fungitoxic Activity on Botrytis cinerea of N-phenyl-driman-9-carboxamides." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110902.

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A total of 12 compounds were synthesized from the natural sesquiterpene (-) drimenol (compounds 4 to 15). The synthesized compounds corresponded to N-phenyl-driman-9-carboxamide derivatives, similar to some fungicides that inhibit the electron-transport chain. Their structures were characterized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Compounds 5 to 15 corresponded to novel compounds. The effect of the compounds on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. Methoxylated and chlorinated compounds in the aromatic ring (compounds 6, 7, 12, and 13) exhibited the highest antifungal activity with IC50 values between 0.20 and 0.26 mM. On the other hand, the effect on conidial germination of B. cinerea of one methoxylated compound (6) and one chlorinated compound (7) was analyzed, and no inhibition was observed. Additionally, compound 7 decreased 36% the rate of oxygen consumption by germinating conidia.
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2

Xing, Bing-Han, Xuan-Xuan Zhao, Yu-Jun Qin, Pu Zhang, and Zhi-Xin Guo. "Ferric chloride–catalyzed deoxygenative chlorination of carbonyl compounds: A comparison of chlorodimethylsilane and dichloromethylsilane system." Journal of Chemical Research 44, no. 11-12 (May 14, 2020): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519820910959.

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Deoxygenative chlorination of carbonyl compounds using the HMe2SiCl/FeCl3/EtOAc and HMeSiCl2/FeCl3/EtOAc systems has been systemically investigated. The HMe2SiCl-FeCl3 system showed the advantages of good substrate applicability, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, low cost, and easy availability of raw materials. Also, it provided a simple and efficient synthesis route for carbonyl deoxychlorination via a one-pot method. Using the HMeSiCl2/FeCl3/EtOAc system, the β-methylchalcone derivative could be obtained in good yields in addition to obtaining the chlorinated compound. Finally, two plausible reaction routes were proposed to describe the formation of the chlorinated compound and the β-methylchalcone derivative.
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3

Droste, Ronald L., Kevin J. Kennedy, Jingua Lu, and Mercedes Lentz. "Removal of chlorinated phenols in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0826.

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The dechlorination of chlorophenol (CP) compounds was investigated using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. A total of five trichlorophenols (TCPs) and a single dichlorophenol (DCP) were individually treated: 2,3,4-TCP; 2,3,5-TCP; 2,3,6-TCP; 2,4,5-TCP; 2,4,6-TCP; and 3,5-DCP. Synthetic wastewater composed of sucrose and acetic acid provided an alternate, readily biodegradable carbon source. Each chlorinated compound was concurrently fed to separate reactors. The parameters that were quantified include biogas composition, acetic acid concentration, COD, and VSS. The degree to which CPs were sorbed to the granular biomass in actively dechlorinating UASB reactors was found to be insignificant. CP compounds were able to be metabolized to mineral end products to a large extent at loadings where reactor performance was not impaired. Ortho chlorine atoms were most readily removed from CPs. CPs containing chlorine atoms in the para position were the most toxic agents with 2,4,5-TCP being the most toxic compound. Toxicity was reversible.
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4

Smith, Terrence J., Ross H. Wearne, and Adrian F. A. Wallis. "Characteristics of the Chlorinated Organic Substances in Filtrates from Bleaching of Oxygen-Delignified Eucalypt Kraft Pulp." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1994): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0702.

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Oxygen-delignified kraft pulps from mature and young eucalypt woods were bleached with sequences involving chlorine (C), chlorine dioxide (D) and alkali-oxygen (EO). The bleaching filtrates were analysed for chlorinated organic compounds by gas chromatography with the use of a mass selective detector. Chlorinated compounds found included a range of chlorinated phenols, neutral compounds, aliphatic acids and phenolic acids. A total of 41 chlorinated phenols were identified, mostly in the filtrates following chlorination {(EO)[C]} and only few in the (EO)[D] filtrates. 2-Chlorosyringaldehyde was the only significant chlorinated phenol obtained after D-prebleaching. There was no indication of differences in the types of chlorinated phenols obtained from the mature and young eucalypt samples, although there were higher levels of phenols in filtrates from the younger wood sample. The dominant chlorinated neutral compounds found in the filtrates were chloroform, chloroacetones and chlorodimethylsulfones. Most chloroform and chloroacetones were found in the C-stage filtrates, while chlorodimethylsulfones were found in both C and D-stage filtrates to the same extent. An abundant compound with probable molecular formula C5H3ClO3 was also in the neutral fraction. The chloroacetic acids were the only aliphatic acids detected and were found in all filtrates examined. A method for the analysis of chlorinated phenolic acids involving sequential acetylation and methylation of the extracts was devised. Three chlorinated phenolic acids were identified in the filtrates as their methyl ester acetates. The total amount of chlorinated compounds analysed was consistently higher in the young eucalypt sample than in the mature sample, and correlated well with the generic parameters AOX and EOX. High molar mass (HMM) solids prepared from the C(EO) bleaching filtrates by ultrafiltration had higher chlorine contents than those from the D(EO) bleaching filtrates. Apparent molecular mass distributions of the HMM solids determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography were dependent on the method of detection.
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5

Koo, Man H., Min J. Kim, Jae E. Seo, Ji H. Kim, Se J. Han, Il C. Kim, Jun H. Lee, and Ui J. Youn. "A New Chlorinated Phenolic Compound From the Antarctic Lichen, Pertusaria dactylina." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 3 (March 2020): 1934578X2090288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20902886.

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A new chlorinated phenolic compound, methyl-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-pentylbenzoate (1) and 4 known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the Antarctic lichen, Pertusaria dactylina ( Pertusariaceae). The structure of the new compound was determined by means of One-dimensional and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and high-resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (HRFABMS) experiments. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1 to 5 against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were evaluated. The results showed that compound 1 exhibited a weak inhibitory effect against C. albicans with an IC50 value of 67 ± 7 μg/mL.
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6

Lu, C. J., and Y. H. Tsai. "The Effects of a Secondary Carbon Source on the Biodegradation of Recalcitrant Compounds." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (October 1, 1993): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0148.

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The effects of the addition of a secondary carbon source on the biodegradation of a chlorinated phenol were studied with a series of batch reactors. The biodegradability of chlorinated phenols was shown to follow the decreasing order: phenol > 2,4-DCP > 4CP > 2,4,6-TCP > 2CP > 3CP by the unacclimated microorganisms. The addition of a secondary carbon source may enhance or retard the biodegradation of a recalcitrant compound. The presence of a relatively easily biodegraded compound, such as 2,4-dichlorophenol, enhanced the biodegradation of a less chlorinated but recalcitrant compound, such as 2-chlorophenol. The enhancement of the removal efficiency of 2-chlorophenol was proportional to the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Monochlorophenols, such as 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol or 4-chlorophenol generally retarded the biodegradation of the relatively more highly chlorinated phenols, such as 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.
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7

Konstantinov, Alexandre D., Andrea N. Johnston, and Nigel J. Bunce. "Successive photocyanation of highly chlorinated aromatic compounds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-127.

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Successive photocyanation was found to be a general reaction when chlorinated aromatic compounds were photolyzed with sodium cyanide. The products were polycyanated hydroxychloro compounds with various degrees of chlorine replacement. Although the products from some substrates could be isolated, identified, and characterized, most reactions proceeded with low regioselectivity, which limits their synthetic potential. Quantum yields of substrate disappearance increased with the number of chlorine substituents on a substrate, and followed the expected relationship ϕ-1 is proportional to [CN-]-1. In some cases, ϕ depended also on the concentration of the chloro compound, indicating the involvement of excimers, although the major reaction channel appears to be SN2Ar*. Sensitization and quenching experiments established the triplet excited state to be reactive for all substrates tested.Key words: photocyanation, chlorinated aromatic compounds.
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8

Wagner, John C., and Alex E. S. Green. "Correlation of chlorinated organic compound emissions from incineration with chlorinated organic input." Chemosphere 26, no. 11 (June 1993): 2039–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90030-9.

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9

Lu, C. J., and S. J. Chen. "The Effects of the Secondary Carbon Source on the Biodegradation of Chlorinated Phenols in Biofilm Reactors." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0674.

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The effects of the presence of a secondary carbon source on the biodegradation of chlorinated phenols were studied with column biofilm reactors. The biodegradability of chlorinated phenols was studied with a series of batch reactors. The biodegradability of chlorinated phenols was to follow the order of phenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 4-chIorophenol > 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol > 3-chloro-phenol. The presence of a relatively more biodegradable but higher chlorinated phenol, such as 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, enhanced the biodégradation of a less chlorinated butrecalcitrantphenol, such as 2-chlorophenol. The addition of phenol, an easily biodegradable compound, generally decreased the biodegradation of chlorinated phenols.
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10

Wacławek, Stanisław, Jaroslav Nosek, Lucie Cádrová, Vojtech Antoš, and Miroslav Černík. "Use of Various Zero Valent Irons for Degradation of Chlorinated Ethenes and Ethanes." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2015-0034.

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Abstract Amongst all of the reducing agents that can be used in environmental remediation, zero valent iron (ZVI) is one of the most common due to its environmental acceptance, high reaction rate, good availability, and long-term stability. Moreover, ZVI mobility, stability and reactivity can be enhanced by the application of a DC electric current, ie electrokinetics (EK). In the study, six various slurries containing different ZVI were tested for their efficacy for chlorinated ethenes and ethanes degradation. Chlorinated compound concentrations, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and conductivity were determined during the long-term kinetic test. Kinetic rate constants calculated for the degradation of three chlorinated ethenes (PCE, TCE and cis-DCE) concluded that EK brings substantial contribution to chlorinated compounds degradation. Nano-scale zero valent iron STAR had the highest reaction rates compare to the other ZVI tested. The performed study could serve as a preliminary assessment of various available ZVI before in-situ application.
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11

Haas, Bettina S., and Reimer Herrmann. "Transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons between sewage and sewer atmosphere." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1996): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0476.

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Sewage containing volatile contaminants is a potential VOC-source in cities. Thus we tried to evaluate volatilization out of the sewerage system by measurements of contaminants in sewer gas and sewage. Our results from a medium sized town with little industry showed that sewer gas is mainly contaminated with alkanes, small aromatic compounds and chlorinated hydrocarbons. For three chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene) we determined mass transfer coefficients out of sewage and used these data to estimate mass fluxes from sewage and emissions out of the sewerage system for two sewer stretches. Considerable emission of chlorinated hydrocarbons from sewage, i.e. fluxes of some 10 to 100 g per m2·d, occurred only when the contaminant input via sewage was between some g and mg per litre for a single compound. For concentrations that were about 3 orders of magnitude less, emissions were negligible.
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12

Grbović, Gorica, Olga Malev, Darko Dolenc, Roberta Sauerborn Klobučar, Želimira Cvetković, Bruno Cvetković, Branimir Jovančićević, and Polonca Trebše. "Synthesis, characterisation and aquatic ecotoxicity of the UV filter hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate (DHHB) and its chlorinated by-products." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15013.

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Environmental context Various UV-filtering chemicals are added to sunscreens in order to protect humans from the harmful effects of the sun. As a consequence of disinfection processes in swimming pools, sunscreen components may be chlorinated and change their structure and properties, leading to derivatives with higher toxicity. The safety of sunscreen components as well as that of their transformation products during their use requires further study. Abstract In this work is presented a synthesis pathway for the UV filter hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate (DHHB) and its chlorinated by-products in order to investigate the transformation behaviour and toxicity changes of DHHB during chlorination disinfection treatment. Acute toxicity was measured using standardised tests with aquatic model organisms. The potency of DHHB was compared with other benzophenone-like UV filters tested in the same experimental set-up. The toxicity of chlorinated compounds tested with photobacteria was found to be in a similar range to that of the starting compound. Microalgae were more sensitive to DHHB than to its chlorinated by-products, whereas daphnids were affected more by DHHB’s chlorinated products. The comparative toxicity data showed DHHB and even more its chlorinated by-products as more highly biologically potent to daphnids than other tested UV filters. The toxic potential of benzophenone-like UV filters should be interpreted together with data on their chemical properties, chlorination effects and affected organisms.
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13

Schwarzenbach, R. P., and J. Westall. "Sorption of Hydrophobic Trace Organic Compounds in Groundwater Systems." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0081.

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Factors influencing the subsurface sorption behavior of neutral and ionizable trace organic compounds are discussed. At equilibrium, the sorption of a neutral hydrophobic organic compound can be expressed by a simple partition coefficient. Partition coefficients, and thus retardation factors, may be estimated from the octanol/water partition coefficient of the compound and the organic carbon content of the aquifer material, if the organic carbon content exceeds 0.1%. For ionizable (anionic) hydrophobic compounds (represented by chlorinated phenols), the distribution ratio depends on both the pH and ionic strength of the aqueous phase, in contrast to the partitioning model for neutral compounds in which the composition of the aqueous phase is relatively unimportant.
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14

Andrea, Maria, Konstantinos Kordos, Elefterios Lidorikis, and Dimitrios Papageorgiou. "Fluorination and chlorination effects on the charge transport properties of the IDIC non-fullerene acceptor: an ab-initio investigation." EPJ Photovoltaics 13 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022012.

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Fused-ring electron acceptors end-capped with electron withdrawing groups have contributed to the ever-increasing power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. Adding π-extensions and halogenating the end groups are two popular strategies to boost performance even further. In this work, a typical non-fullerene acceptor molecule, IDIC, is used as a model system for investigating the impact of the halogenation approach at the molecular level. The two end groups are substituted by fluorinated and chlorinated counterparts and their electronic and optical properties are systematically probed using ab-initio calculations. In gas phase, halogenation lowers the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and narrows the energy gap, especially for the chlorinated compound. Moreover, chlorinated IDIC exhibits the largest redshift and the smallest reorganization energy. Finally, crystal structures of the three compounds are constructed, revealing an improved transfer integral and transfer rate for the halogenated variants. Specifically, the chlorination strategy leads to an increase of 60% in transfer rate, compared to halogen-free IDIC.
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15

Naskar, Amit Kumar, S. K. De, and Anil K. Bhowmick. "Surface Chlorination of Ground Rubber Tire and its Characterization." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 4 (September 1, 2001): 645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3544964.

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Abstract Ground rubber tire (GRT) powders were chlorinated by trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCLCA). GRT powders of different chlorination levels were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, thermal, dielectric, and stress—strain properties on molded GRT specimens. Surface energy of the powders was estimated. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of molded GRT specimen reveals a biphasic structure. Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compound, when blended with chlorinated GRT, shows improved physical properties in comparison to non-chlorinated GRT.
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Lou, Zimo, Zheni Wang, Jiasheng Zhou, Chuchen Zhou, Jiang Xu, and Xinhua Xu. "Pd/TiC/Ti electrode with enhanced atomic H* generation, atomic H* adsorption and 2,4-DCBA adsorption for facilitating electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 5 (2020): 1566–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0en00182a.

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17

Ren, Long You, Wan Qian Guo, and Nan Qi Ren. "Influence Factors Analysis of Chloronitrobenzene Degradation in Biocatalyzed Electrolysis Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.513.

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Chlorinated nitroaromatie compounds, which are widely used for synthesis industry of chemicals, pharmacy and pesticide, are listed on the priority pollutants by EPA and Chinese MEP. In this study, we investigated biocatalyzed electrolysis systems (BESs) with a bio-cathode seeding with enriched inoculum for the degradation of a typical chlorinated nitroaromatie compound: para-Chloronitrobenzene (4-CNB). Batch test results showed that the 4-CNB (30mg/L) would be completely degraded within HRT of 30 hours with 0.5V power supplied and NaAc (1g/L) as sole carbon source. The optimum operation conditions of CNB degradation in BESs was 50mM Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (pH=7) and the distance of electrode is 1cm. But the 20mM PBS and the distance of 3cm would be acceptable and economic.
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18

Sánchez-Viesca, Francisco and Gómez Reina. "The chemistry of the Wellcome test for morphine." Open Access Research Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjcp.2021.1.2.0025.

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The use of chlorinated lime for morphine identification has several advantages. The reaction is fast and simple, and the reagent is inexpensive. Besides, the developed red colour comes from the organic compound, not from a reduced inorganic reagent. The last case only indicates oxido-reduction reaction, but it is alien to the final structure of the organic compound under test. In the Wellcome assay the red colour is typical of an o-quinone, the inorganic compounds being colourless. Since the chemistry related to this test has not been described, we provide the route from the alkaloid to the final colourful compound, and also a new preparation of o-quinones from o-halo phenols.
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19

Sary, Hanan G., Abdel Nasser B. Singab, and Khaled Y. Orabi. "New Cytotoxic Guaianolides from Centaurea Aegyptiaca." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 6 (June 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100603.

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The ethanol extract of Centaurea aegyptiaca aerial parts afforded two new chlorinated bioactive guaianolides, cenegyptin A (1) and cenegyptin B (2), in addition to four known sesquiterpenes (3-6). Their identities were established on the basis of their spectral data. The cytotoxicity (IC50, μM) of compounds 1-6 were evaluated against hepatic (HEPG2) and laryngeal (HEP2) carcinoma cell lines in comparison with normal fibroblasts (BHK). Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against HEPG2 and HEP2 with IC50 values of 7.2 ± 0.04 and 7.5 ± 0.02, respectively. However, compound 2 exhibited only a limited toxicity against both cell lines.
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Feng, Jingwei, Shulin Wen, and A. Ravaglioli. "Microstructure of bioceramic chloroapatite." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 1042–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100178343.

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Bioceramics has drawn the attention of scientists working at the solid state field. The main constituent of bone and teeth in human body is Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. So this compound and its derivatives form a first important class of particular bioceramic materials. Chloroapatite is a member of this compound family. We synthesized a series of chloroapatite at increasing content of chlorine in comparison with the hydroxyl- apatite in order to search better bioceramics which has not only large biological compatibility with human tissues, but also exert bioactive properties. We found that in comparison with hydroxylapatite all the structures are very similar among them at the level of atomic arrangement. However, in the case of high chlorinated compound, like Ca10(PO4)Cl2, the structure would transform to monoclinic system with space group P21/a from original hexagonal system with space group P63/m. Only in the case of low chlorinated compound, the structure would be kept to be hexagonal system with space group P63/m.
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21

Bernini, Roberta, Marcella Pasqualetti, Gianfranco Provenzano, and Sabrina Tempesta. "Ecofriendly synthesis of halogenated flavonoids and evaluation of their antifungal activity." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 4 (2015): 2980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00258c.

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22

Filippini, Maria, Ivonne Nijenhuis, Steffen Kümmel, Veronica Chiarini, Giovanni Crosta, Hans H. Richnow, and Alessandro Gargini. "Multi-element compound specific stable isotope analysis of chlorinated aliphatic contaminants derived from chlorinated pitches." Science of The Total Environment 640-641 (November 2018): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.285.

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Kakı, Esra, Nurcan Gögsu, Ahmet Altındal, Bekir Salih, and Özer Bekaroğlu. "Synthesis, characterization and VOCs adsorption kinetics of diethylstilbestrol-substituted metallophthalocyanines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 23, no. 01n02 (January 2019): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619500196.

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Compound (4,4[Formula: see text] -hex-3-ene-3,4-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene)bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile 3 was synthesized by the reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile 1 and diethylstilbestrol 2 in dry DMF in presence of dry K2CO3. New mononuclear phthalocyanines 4-6 were obtained from compound 3 by addition of the corresponding metal salts [Co(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O, Zn(OAc)2 ⋅ 2H2O and Cu(OAc)2]. The novel compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy techniques. The effects of four main groups of organic vapors on these novel compounds were studied and discussed. The adsorption kinetics of alkanes ([Formula: see text]-hexane and [Formula: see text]-octane), alcohols (methanol and 2-proponal), chlorinated hydrocarbons (dichloromethane and trichloromethane) and amines (diethylamine and triethylamine) on 4-6 were examined using three adsorption kinetic models: the Elovich equation, the pseudo-first-order equations and Ritchie’s equation. Results show that the linear regression analysis with respect to the pseudo-second-order rate equations generates a straight line that best fits the data of adsorption of alcohols and chlorinated hydrocarbons on Pc films. On the other hand, the Elovich equation generates a straight line that best fits the data of adsorption of alkanes and amines.
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Keppler, Frank, Amelie Ninja Röhling, Nicole Jaeger, Moritz Schroll, Simon Christoph Hartmann, and Markus Greule. "Sources and sinks of chloromethane in a salt marsh ecosystem: constraints from concentration and stable isotope measurements of laboratory incubation experiments." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 3 (2020): 627–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00540d.

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Nichols, Mark E., and Robert A. Pett. "Effects of Aging on the Fracture Behavior of Chlorinated Polyethylene and Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 67, no. 4 (September 1, 1994): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538697.

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Abstract The thermoxidative aging behavior of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) vulcanizates has been investigated. Aging rates were determined by measuring isothermal oxidative induction times in a differential scanning calorimeter. Aging rates were also determined by measuring the decrease in the critical tearing energy of compounds as a function of aging time and temperature. Rate constants determined from induction time and tearing energy experiments displayed typical Arrhenius behavior. Below 240°C, rate constants from both experiments fell on the same line, suggesting that both experiments probe the same reaction. Activation energies for degradation of CSM and CPE were 88 and 108 kJ/mol respectively. Above 240°C, the mechanism of degradation changes with a corresponding change in activation energy to 190 and 232 kJ/mol for CSM and CPE, respectively. In the unaged state, the critical tearing energy of the carbon black-filled CPE compound is 50% higher than that of the carbon black-filled CSM compound. The rate of aging of CSM compound is approximately twice that of the CPE compound at equal temperatures. Decreases in tearing energy were attributed to additional crosslinking of the elastomer network. Combining oxidative induction times and critical tearing energy measurements may offer significant advantages in streamlining accelerated testing of elastomeric materials.
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D'AQUINO, MIGUEL, PILAR SANTINI, and HUMBERTO MUZIO. "Action of Halogenated Compounds on Aspergillus Conidiospores." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.7.537.

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The fungicidal activity of two halogenated compounds against conidiospores of four Aspergillus strains (A. flavus and A. sydowi isolated from a poultry farm, A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 and A. niger 29-CCM-A 41) was studied. Accordingly, the sodium salt of a synthetic organic compound derived from trichloroisocyanuric acid and an organic complex of iodine (iodophor) were used at 20°C at their recommended dilution (0.1%). More than 99.9% of the exposed spore population of all strains was inactivated within 30 min of contact with either product. During the first minute of contact, the iodophor solution was more effective than the chlorinated one. Among parameters tested on A. niger conidiospores, a 10°C temperature rise slightly increased antimicrobial activity, which was substantially affected by dilution, the active principle being exhausted when using 0.05% concentration. In addition, organic matter (1% human serum) practically neutralized the fungicidal effect of both compounds, whereas acid pH (5.33) notably increased the antimicrobial capacity of the chlorinated derivative.
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Wood, Ryan C., Junqi Huang, and Mark N. Goltz. "Modeling Chlorinated Solvent Bioremediation Using Hydrogen Release Compound (HRC)." Bioremediation Journal 10, no. 3 (September 2006): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889860600911947.

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Ruiz, B., F. M. Royo, and S. Otin. "Excess molar enthalpies of (an ether + a chlorinated compound)." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 20, no. 2 (February 1988): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(88)90159-0.

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29

Zhang, Zhen, Ju Huang, Hangqi Xia, Qiguang Dai, Yufeng Gu, Yijie Lao, and Xingyi Wang. "Chlorinated volatile organic compound oxidation over SO42−/Fe2O3 catalysts." Journal of Catalysis 360 (April 2018): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.11.024.

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30

Mohamed, Elham F., and Gamal Awad. "Advanced Nano-biotechnology for Chlorinated Volatile Compound Pollutants Control." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v12i1.20677.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include different organic chemicals that can be easily vaporized and transported long distances via the environment. VOCs and health effects are dependent on the type, concentrations and duration of exposure. Chlorinated volatile compounds (CVOCs) are the most toxic VOCs because of their potential to cause cancer in humans. Many CVOCs are present in significant amounts in our ecosystems, including air, water and soil, and are resistant to degrade, despite the fact that their use has recently been more carefully managed and restricted. These chlorinated compounds are highly toxic and numerous have been banned from commercial utilization because they are persistent in the environment and accumulate in biological systems. Although these chemicals have been banned for decades, they are still being measured in the environment and the food chain. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent applications of biotechnology and nanotechnology in CVOCs remediation in various environmental systems. It is divided into many sections; each focuses on specific subtopics, covering diverse perspectives on the principal topic. Sections presented in the paper include; occurrence of CVOCs in the environment, sources, potential human health effects, recent biotechnology and nanotechnology used for CVOCs remediation, advantages and disadvantages of each strategy of treatment and future perspectives in this aspect are also provided. Finally, this paper presents advanced technologies available, to remind CVOCs emissions with their relative merits and demerits, better understand this integrated technology, and to effectively apply them in air, soil, and groundwater remediation. Consequently, we hope that this paper will guide and inspire the application of biotechnology and nanotechnology to the remediation of CVOCs.
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31

Janssen, Dick B., and Wim de Koning. "Development and application of bacterial cultures for the removal of chlorinated aliphatics." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0053.

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The possibility of obtaining microbial cultures for the degradation of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons is mainly determined by the diversity and activity of catabolic enzymes that exist in nature. If a suitable organism is available, applications for the treatment of different waste streams can be developed. The relation between the kinetic parameters of the key enzymes and the properties of the organisms relevant for such applications is discussed, both for growth supporting and cometabolic degradation. When growth on a chlorinated aliphatic compound is possible, development of a biological remediation process is likely to be relatively easy. This is illustrated with the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane, a synthetic compound that can be mineralized by specific cultures. Closely related compounds may be recalcitrant, which can be understood from an examination of the degradative pathways. The development of biological treatment processes based on cometabolic degradation is more demanding because selection of the proper organisms and maintaining them in the process are not straightforward. The range of compounds that can be degraded cometabolically is significantly larger. The potential of obtaining improved degradation by genetic adaptation and the use of biofilms is discussed.
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32

Ninga, Ederina, Elvira Beli, Elona Shahu, and Ilirjana Boci. "Analysis of Halogenated Compounds in Fish Samples." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.2.1099.

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The paper reports investigation on the presence of 13 halogenated compounds (six chlorinated compounds, nd-like PCBs and seven brominated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)), in five marine species which are part on Albanian consumer diet. The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and treated with sulfuric acid. Extract was analyzed simultaneously using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Presence of PCBs was confirmed at1.4 percent of the samples. The most dominated congener found to be present were PCB 153 and PCB 138. Form the brominated compounds 2,2′,4,4′-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether was the only detected compound in 3 samples.
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Ninga, Ederina, Elvira Beli, Elona Shahu, and Ilirjana Boci. "Analysis of Halogenated Compounds in Fish Samples." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 2 (February 24, 2019): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.2.1099.

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The paper reports investigation on the presence of 13 halogenated compounds (six chlorinated compounds, nd-like PCBs and seven brominated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)), in five marine species which are part on Albanian consumer diet. The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and treated with sulfuric acid. Extract was analyzed simultaneously using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Presence of PCBs was confirmed at1.4 percent of the samples. The most dominated congener found to be present were PCB 153 and PCB 138. Form the brominated compounds 2,2?,4,4?-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether was the only detected compound in 3 samples.
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34

Zuas, Oman. "WHIM-3D-QSPR APPROACH FOR PREDICTING AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 1 (June 17, 2010): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21650.

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The weighted holistic invariant molecular-three dimensional-quantitative structure property relationship (WHIM-3D-QSPR) approach has been applied to the study of the aqueous solubility (- log Sw) of chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds (CHC's). The obtained QSPR model is predictive and only requires four WHIM-3D descriptors in the calculation. The correlation equation of the model that is based on a training set of 50 CHC's compound has statistical parameters: standard coefficient correlation (R2) = 0.948; cross-validated correlation coefficients (Q2) = 0.935; Standard Error of Validation (SEV) = 0.35; and average absolute error (AAE) = 0.31. The application of the best model to a testing set of 50 CHC's demonstrates a reliable result with good predictability. Besides, it was possible to construct new model by applying WHIM-3D-QSPR approach without require any experimental physicochemical properties in the calculation of aqueous solubility. Keywords: WHIM-3D; QSPR; aqueous solubility; - Log Sw, chlorinated hydrocarbons, CHC's
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35

Gao, Wen-Bin, Sha-Sha Liu, Ying-Chao Tian, Qian Dong, Jun Zhang, Jian-Chun Qin, and Du-Qiang Luo. "Setosphaerine A: A New Chlorinated Polyketide Isolated From the Entomogenous Fungus Setosphaeria rostrata." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 7 (July 2019): 1934578X1986001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19860014.

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A new chlorinated polyketide setosphaerine A (1), together with 3 known ones penicipyran D (2), 7- O-demethymonocerin (3), and monocerin (4), was isolated from the entomogenous fungus Setosphaeria rostrata. The structure of compound 1 was established on the basis of 1D/2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and High Resolution Electro Spray Ionization Mass Spectra (HR-ESI-MS) data. Compounds 1 to 4 showed moderate cytotoxicity against 3 human tumor cell lines MCF-7, MGC-803, and Hela with IC50 values ranging from 33 to 243 nM.
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36

Zotov, Yu L., D. M. Zapravdina, E. V. Shishkin, and Yu V. Popov. "Synthesis of stabilizers based on glycerides of monocarboxylic acids for industrial chloroparaffins." Fine Chemical Technologies 17, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-4-298-310.

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Objectives. The study aimed to develop new effective heat stabilizers based on glycerol esters of monocarboxylic acids for industrial chlorinated paraffins and to select of the optimal ratio of active ingredients in the stabilizing composition in order to provide the maximum thermostabilizing effect.Methods. The thermostabilizing effect of the studied samples on chlorinated paraffins was evaluated according to the standard method for determining the thermal stability of liquid chlorinated paraffins in terms of the mass fraction of split off hydrogen chloride. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained mixtures of monocarboxylic acid glycerides was carried out using chromato-mass spectrometry.Results. Glycerides of monocarboxylic acids (oleic, octanoic, hexanoic, and propionic acids) were obtained and identified, and the compositions of the resulting mixtures of mono-, di- and triesters were determined. The stabilizing effect of the obtained mixtures of glycerides of monocarboxylic acids in the amount of 0.5–2.0 wt parts per 100 wt parts of unstabilized industrial chlorinated paraffin CP-30 was determined. The combined use of glycerides of monocarboxylic acids with calcium-containing compounds as a complex stabilizer with a molar ratio of esters/Ca 0.93–0.86/0.07–0.14, respectively, was investigated. Chloroparaffin CP-470, stabilized by the developed complex stabilizer, was successfully used in a polyvinyl chloride composition for cable compound of the brand OM-40.Conclusions. A proposed variant of a complex stabilizer for chlorinated paraffins based on Russian raw materials for import substitution will expand the range of effective stabilizers for organochlorine substances. Glycerides of monocarboxylic acids are shown to exhibit a thermostabilizing effect on industrial chlorinated paraffins. The relationship between the length of the hydrocarbon substituent of the carboxylic acid in the ester and the thermostabilizing effect is obtained. With an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon substituent of the carboxylic acid, the heat-stabilizing ability decreases. The minimum sufficient concentration of glycerides of carboxylic acids was 0.05 ± 0.005 mol/kg, above which no increase in the thermostabilizing effect on chloroparaffin was observed. A synergistic ratio of the components of the stabilizing mixture in terms of thermal stability—glycerides of monocarboxylic acids/calcium-containing compounds—was found equal to 0.85–0.9/0.15–0.1.
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37

Cametti, Massimo, and Javier Martí-Rujas. "Selective adsorption of chlorinated volatile organic compound vapours by microcrystalline 1D coordination polymers." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 47 (2016): 18832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03803d.

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Microcrystalline 1D coordination polymers 1–3Pwd are able to adsorb vapours of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs), displaying interesting selectivity patterns, as demonstrated by 1H-NMR and X-ray diffraction analyses.
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38

Jenssen, Marte, Venke Kristoffersen, Kumar Motiram-Corral, Johan Isaksson, Teppo Rämä, Jeanette H. Andersen, Espen H. Hansen, and Kine Østnes Hansen. "Chlovalicin B, a Chlorinated Sesquiterpene Isolated from the Marine Mushroom Digitatispora marina." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 7560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247560.

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As part of our search for bioactive metabolites from understudied marine microorganisms, the new chlorinated metabolite chlovalicin B (1) was isolated from liquid cultures of the marine basidiomycete Digitatispora marina, which was collected and isolated from driftwood found at Vannøya, Norway. The structure of the novel compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and analysis of HRMS data, revealing that 1 shares its molecular scaffold with a previously isolated compound, chlovalicin. This represents the first compound isolated from the Digitatispora genus, and the first reported fumagillin/ovalicin-like compound isolated from Basidiomycota. Compound 1 was evaluated for antibacterial activities against a panel of five bacteria, its ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and for cytotoxic activities against malignant and non-malignant human cell lines. Compound 1 displayed weak cytotoxic activity against the human melanoma cell line A2058 (~50% survival at 50 µM). No activity was detected against biofilm formation or C. albicans at 50 µM, or against bacterial growth at 100 µM nor against the production of cytokines by the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 at 50 µM.
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39

Wang, Guangli, Rong Li, Shunpeng Li, and Jiandong Jiang. "A Novel Hydrolytic Dehalogenase for the Chlorinated Aromatic Compound Chlorothalonil." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 11 (April 2, 2010): 2737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01547-09.

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ABSTRACT Dehalogenases play key roles in the detoxification of halogenated aromatics. Interestingly, only one hydrolytic dehalogenase for halogenated aromatics, 4-chlorobenzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehalogenase, has been reported. Here, we characterize another novel hydrolytic dehalogenase for a halogenated aromatic compound from the 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil)-degrading strain of Pseudomonas sp. CTN-3, which we have named Chd. Chd catalyzes a hydroxyl substitution at the 4-chlorine atom of chlorothalonil. The metabolite of the Chd dehalogenation, 4-hydroxy-trichloroisophthalonitrile, was identified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Chd dehalogenates chlorothalonil under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and does not require the presence of cofactors such as CoA and ATP. Chd contains a putative conserved domain of the metallo-β-lactamase superfamily and shows the highest identity with several metallohydrolases (24 to 29%). Chd is a monomer (36 kDa), and the isoelectric point (pI) of Chd is estimated to be 4.13. Chd has a dissociation constant (Km ) of 0.112 mM and an overall catalytic rate (k cat) of 207 s−1 for chlorothalonil. Chd is completely inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, diethyl pyrocarbonate, and N-bromosuccinic acid. Site-directed mutagenesis of Chd revealed that histidines 128 and 157, serine 126, aspartates 45, 130 and 184, and tryptophan 241 were essential for the dehalogenase activity. Chd differs from other reported hydrolytic dehalogenases based on the analysis of amino acid sequences and catalytic mechanisms. This study provides an excellent dehalogenase candidate for mechanistic study of hydrolytic dehalogenation of halogenated aromatic compound.
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40

Mustafaeva, Rena E. "TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OF POLYMERS COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH INCREASED STRENGTH." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 10 (November 16, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20176010.5638.

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The work is devoted to the search for new effective modifying additives that allow to purposefully regulate the technological properties of rubber compounds and physical-mechanical properties of rubbers based on combinations of non-polar rubbers and at the same time being cheaper and more affordable than traditional products, in particular, with resorcinol-urotropin complex (modifier RU -1). It was proposed to use as a modifier of frame rubbers based on a combination of isoprene (SKI-3) and butadiene-styrene (SCS-30ARKM-15) rubbers, chlorinated atactic polypropylene (CHAPP). It is shown that when the RU-1 modifier is replaced with this compound, the conditional stresses and tensile strength, tearing resistance, rebound elasticity, fatigue resistance in the regime of constant deformation amplitude, heat resistance, resistance to thermal aging of rubbers, as well as the strength of rubber bonding with rubber Textile cord, including at elevated temperatures are observed. Comparison of the CHAPP for the effectiveness of the action in the carcass gum with the previously proposed oligoefirmetacrylate epichlorhydrine, from the point of view of the provided complex of properties, showed the advantage of chlorinated atactic polypropylene for a number of priority indicators. From the comparative analysis of the modifying activity of chlorinated atactic polypropylene and oligoether methacrylate epichlorohydrin, it follows that the vulcanizates of rubber compounds containing instead of RU-1 chlorinated atactic polypropylene CHAPP are characterized by more improved parameters of hardness in TM-2, elasticity by rebound, the strength of the rubber-cord connection. It is also revealed that the main advantage of the proposed modifier is the low cost of the modifier used, as well as the use of secondary raw materials for its production.Forcitation:Mustafayeva R.E. Technological aspects of production and research of polymers composite materials with increased strength. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P. 82-86
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41

Acha, V., M. Meurens, H. Naveau, D. Dochain, G. Bastin, and S. N. Agathos. "Model-based Estimation of an Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination Process via an Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Sensor." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 8 (October 1, 1999): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0379.

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Model-based software sensors were built for the estimation of the process variables: cosubstrate, mineral chloride ion, biomass and acetic acid from an anaerobic reductive dechlorination process in a fixed-bed bioreactor, without any the knowledge of the bioprocess kinetics. The estimations were accomplished based only on measurements of chlorinated compounds, obtained by gas chromatography and on-line by an attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) sensor. In addition, the bioreaction rate of this process was estimated by an observer-based estimator, and validated indirectly by the toxic compound analytical data.
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42

Ryu, Min-Ji, Prima F. Hillman, Jihye Lee, Sunghoon Hwang, Eun-Young Lee, Sun-Shin Cha, Inho Yang, Dong-Chan Oh, Sang-Jip Nam, and William Fenical. "Antibacterial Meroterpenoids, Merochlorins G–J from the Marine Bacterium Streptomyces sp." Marine Drugs 19, no. 11 (October 30, 2021): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19110618.

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Four new chlorinated meroterpenoids, merochlorins G−J (1−4), and 10, a dihydronaphthalenedione precursor, along with known merochlorins A (5) and C−F (6−9), were obtained from cultivation of the bacterium strain Streptomyces sp. CNH-189, which was isolated from marine sediment. The planar structures of compounds 1−4 and 10 were elucidated by interpretation of MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of compounds 1−4 were determined via analysis of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopic data, after which their absolute configurations were established by comparing the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of compounds 1−4 to those of previously reported possible enantiomer models and DP4 calculations. Compound 3 displayed strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Kocuria rhizophila, and Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 1, 2, and 2 μg/mL, respectively, whereas compound 1 exhibited weak antibacterial effects on these three strains, with a 16−32 μg/mL MIC value range.
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43

Benbow, John W., Erin L. Bernberg, Anna Korda, and Jan R. Mead. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Dinitroanilines for Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.2.339.

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ABSTRACT The efficacy of a series of dinitroaniline herbicide derivatives for the treatment of Cryptosporidium parvum infections has been studied. The lead compounds oryzalin (compound 1) and trifluralin (compound 2) have low water solubility (<3 ppm) which was alleged to be a major contributor to their poor pharmacokinetic availability. Derivatives of compounds 1 and 2 were synthesized. In these derivatives the functionality at the C-1 amine position or the C-4 position was substituted with groups with various hydrophilicities to determine if a direct relation existed between water solubility and overall activity. The chlorinated precursors of these derivatives were also examined and were found to be less active in the C. parvum assays, a result in direct contrast to earlier work with Leishmania. Enhanced water solubility alone did not overcome the drug availability problem; however, several candidates with similar activities but with toxicities lower than those of the lead compounds were produced.
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44

Qi, Jianzhao, Dacheng Wang, Xia Yin, Qiang Zhang, and Jin-Ming Gao. "New Metabolite With Inhibitory Activity Against α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase From Endophytic Chaetomium globosum." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 7 (July 2020): 1934578X2094133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20941338.

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An efficient bioactive tracking separation strategy based on liquid-liquid extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed and used to isolate bioactive natural products from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum residing in Ginkgo biloba. Using HSCCC, the novel metabolite chaetoglobol acid (1) as well as 11 known compounds (2-12), including 6 chlorinated azaphilones and 3 cytochalasans, were successfully isolated. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated through spectroscopic analyses and HRESIMS data. Compound 1 possesses a rare C11-polyketide skeleton. All isolates were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities in vitro. Compound 1 showed high inhibition against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.04 μM), 18-fold higher than that of acarbose (IC50 = 54.74 μM), and also displayed moderate inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 22.18 μM). As the results indicated that 1 has inhibitory effects against both α-glucosidase and α-amylase, 1 may be a promising candidate for mediating type 2 diabetes.
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45

Jansen, M., and S. Rings. "Kondensationsfähige Si–N–Verbindungen zum Aufbau poröser Festkörper." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0204.

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Preparation and spectroscopic data of the new compounds Si3O3(NHCH3)6 (1), Si3O2(NCH3)(NHCH3)6 (2 ), (CH3)3Si-NCH3-Si2OCl5 (3 ), ((CH3)3Si-NCH3)2Si2OCl4 (4) and [Cl3Si-O-SiCl2-NCH3-AlCl2]2 (5) are reported. The structure of the chlorinated alummosiloxazane compound has been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis (space group P1̄, a = 8,357(1), b = 9,538(1), c = 9,774(1) Å, α = 85,35(1), β = 65,39(1), γ = 71,97(1)°, 2620 data (F0 > 3σ(F0), R = 0,040). The molecule shows a dimetric structure and contains a planar four-membered Al2N2 ring with Si2OCl5 groups in trans-position.
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46

El-Kurdi, Said, Bassam Abu Thaher, Kanan Wahedy, Dieter Schollmeyer, Levin Nopper, Oliver Riester, and Hans-Peter Deigner. "Efficient Synthesis and X-ray Structure of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines via Oxidative Cyclization Using N-Chlorosuccinimide (NCS)." Crystals 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101156.

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Triazolopyridines are a family of compounds that, owing to their biological activity, have many pharmaceutical applications. In this study, 3-(pyridine-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine and 6-bromo-3-(pyridine-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine were synthesized by using the chlorinated agent NCS for hydrazones under very mild conditions. The characterization of these compounds was achieved by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, MS and X-ray diffraction. The compound 3-(pyridine-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine was crystallized in the monoclinic space group P 21/c with a = 15.1413(12), b = 6.9179(4), c = 13.0938(8) Å, β = 105.102(6)°, V = 1324.16(16)Å3, Z = 4, and R = 0.0337. Also compound 6-bromo-3-(pyridine-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine was crystallized in the monoclinic space group P 21/c with a = 14.3213(11), b = 6.9452(4) (4), c = 12.6860(8)Å, β = 100.265(6)°, V = 1241.62(14)Å3, Z = 4, and R = 0.0561.
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47

Cosnier, F., A. Celzard, G. Furdin, D. Bégin, and J. F. Marêché. "Influence of Water on the Dynamic Adsorption of Chlorinated VOCs on Active Carbon: Relative Humidity of the Gas Phase versus Pre-Adsorbed Water." Adsorption Science & Technology 24, no. 3 (April 2006): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361706778812871.

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The present work deals with the influence of water on the adsorption of two chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on activated carbons (ACs) having very different pore textures and surface chemistry. Two kinds of moisture were considered, viz. pre-adsorbed on the AC or present as steam in the gaseous phase, at various relative humidities ranging from 30% to 75%. It is shown that the adsorption of the VOCs depends on the kind of moisture. If the latter is pre-adsorbed, water is just displaced by the VOCs (overshoot). The adsorption capacities of the AC remain unchanged and only some minor changes in the shape of the breakthrough front, corresponding to hindered diffusion, may sometimes occur. In contrast, the simultaneous adsorption of steam and VOC leads to competition between water and the chlorinated compound, with direct consequences on the adsorption kinetics and capacities of the AC. However, the decrease of the water-induced adsorption performances depends strongly on the AC and the VOC (through different VOC/AC and water/VOC interactions), and on the concentration of the VOC.
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48

Song, Xun, François Gaascht, Claudia Schmidt-Dannert, and Christine E. Salomon. "Discovery of Antifungal and Biofilm Preventative Compounds from Mycelial Cultures of a Unique North American Hericium sp. Fungus." Molecules 25, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040963.

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Edible mushrooms are an important source of nutraceuticals and for the discovery of bioactive metabolites as pharmaceuticals. In this work, the OSMAC (One Strain, Many Active Compounds) approach was used to isolate two new compounds (1 and 2) along with seven known compounds (3–9) from a mycelial culture of a unique North American edible mushroom Hericium sp. The fruiting body was collected in Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota (USA), and mycelial cultures were grown on four different solid and liquid media. Extracts from the mycelial cultures were screened for antimicrobial activity and only the extract from the Cheerios substrate culture exhibited antifungal activity. Bioassay guided fractionation and HPLC analysis were used to isolate nine pure compounds and the structures of the known compounds were established by analysis of the NMR and mass spectrometry data and comparison to published reports. Compound 1 is a new erinacerin alkaloid and 2 is an aldehyde derivative of 4-hydroxy chroman. Four chlorinated orcinol derivatives (3–6), a pyran (7), erinaceolactone (8), and erinacine (9) were identified. Compound 4 showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans (MIC = 31.3–62.5 μg/mL, respectively). Compound 4 also inhibited biofilm formation of C. albicans and C. neoformans at 7.8 μg/mL. These results suggest that mycelial cultures of edible fungi may provide useful, bioactive compounds.
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49

Ma, Chih Ming, Ya Wen Lee, Gui Bing Hong, Te Li Su, Je Lueng Shie, and Chang Tang Chang. "Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound." Journal of Environmental Sciences 23, no. 4 (April 2011): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60480-9.

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50

Literáthy, P., and F. László. "Micropollutants in the Danube River Basin." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 10 (November 1, 1999): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0497.

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Monitoring programmes in river basins usually include monitoring heavy metals and selected organic micropollutants in water and sediment. Several survey results revealed contamination of the water resources in the Danube river basin. Besides those chemicals, for which regulations already exist, there are other compound classes, e.g., aromatic sulfonates, complexing agents and breakdown products that have not been considered in the past due to the lack of data on their occurrence. Such chemicals may well be relevant to water pollution, to drinking water supplies, particularly those using surface water intakes, or bankside filtered water, because of their large production volumes, persistence and polarity, although information is limited on their effects. Harmonisation of micropollutant monitoring tools is a major goal of the international co-operation in the Danube river basin. Heavy metals, petroleum and selected chlorinated hydrocarbons are on the list of determinands. Development of analytical methods for screening and quantifying organic micropollutants resulted in: (a) information on naphthalene-sulfonates in the river water in the Hungarian Danube reach, and (b) application of fluorescence spectroscopy for screening polar and non-polar aromatic compounds. It has been concluded that the fluorescence technique and the AOX determination provide appropriate screening for both polar and non-polar aromatic compounds, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, respectively.
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