Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chlordecol'
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Alnajjar, Perla. "Study and Modeling of the Fate of the Persistent Organic Pollutant, Chlordecone, during Anaerobic Digestion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0076.
Full textChlordecone (CLD) is a persistent organic pollutant extensively used in banana plantations in the French West Indies (FWI) between 1972 and 1993. This insecticide has contaminated approximately one-third of the islands' agricultural soils and has permeated various environmental compartments. Consequently, CLD has infiltrated the food chains, leading to adverse health effects on the local population. A depuration strategy has recently been proposed to ensure the compliance of livestock animals before slaughter. During the depuration period, animals eliminate CLD primarily through fecal excretion, either in its parent form or as its metabolite, chlordecol (CLDOH). The proper management of the resulting contaminated animal effluents becomes paramount. Anaerobic digestion (AD) was explored as a potential bioremediation strategy to treat these contaminated effluents. Several approaches were tested, starting with batch conditions, where CLD concentrations were monitored in artificially contaminated organic wastes after incubation under mesophilic (37.5 ºC) and thermophilic (55 ºC) conditions. The concentrations of CLD significantly decreased, while simultaneously, various transformation products (TPs) emerged, indicating efficient degradation of CLD under methanogenic conditions. The degradability of CLDOH, the metabolite found in animal waste, and the fate of the formed TPs were investigated for the first time. The findings revealed an important decrease in the levels of these compounds and an increase in the concentrations of their derivatives. To validate the feasibility of the proposed remediation strategy, animal dejections supplemented with CLD were continuously fed into a lab-scale digester. A substantial decrease in CLD was observed, suggesting that CLD can also be degraded in conditions similar to the ones that can potentially be implemented in the FWI. In conclusion, this work affirms that AD, particularly under thermophilic conditions, is a promising technique for treating animal effluents contaminated with CLD and CLDOH. Toxicological studies on the formed transformation products appear necessary to validate the use of this technique in the field
Palamede, Audrey. "Stabilization of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and chlordecone in soils from three former industrial areas. : Leaching behavior of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and chlordecone from three soils." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163550.
Full textLegoff, Louis. "Study of epigenetic alterations promoted by chlordecone exposure during development in human and mouse." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1B003.
Full textEpigenetic mechanisms regulate many cellular processes and they are critical for establishing cell identity. The work performed during my Ph.D. aimed to determine whether exposure to an environmental pollutant, chlordecone (CD), could affect the major epigenetic marks in the reproductive system in directly-exposed mice and whether these changes could be inherited by subsequent generations through epigenetic transgenerational inheritance. Our work revealed that direct developmental exposure to CD leads to impairment of meiosis in male and female mice, causes a reduction in viable reproductive cells, i.e., both spermatogonia and spermatozoid, and oocytes in females. The altered morphological changes were accompanied by altered histone H3K4me3 occupancy in the genes related to pluripotency regulation. We also performed studies in the umbilical cord blood of males from the TIMOUN cohort with the known internal concentration of CD. We found that exposure to CD causes epigenetic changes in major histone trimethylation marks important for the maintenance of genetic stability. Using whole exome-sequencing, we detected de novo mutations in genes encoding proteins with important functions, such as DNA repair and metabolic genes. Comparative analysis of mice and human exposures revealed some common genes to be altered in both organisms, notably genes related to chromosome organization, transcription factors, and metabolic functions. In summary, our studies brought some evidence for the ability of CD to induce epigenetic and genetic alterations. Identified genes and molecular mechanisms affected by CD will be further investigated using in vivo and in vitro model systems
Liber, Yohan. "Étude des déterminants biologiques de l'absorption de la chlordécone par la plante." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to understand the reasons why some plants are able to absorb more organic pollutants than others. The aim is to understand the parameters that, at the plant level, control the penetration into the roots and then the transfer to the aerial parts. Chlordecone was selected as a study molecule for its physico-chemical characteristics suitable for the study of soil-plant transfers (lowvolatility and relative hydrophobicity) but also because of the high stakes around contaminated soils in the FrenchWest Indies. Initially, we decided to relate the processes linked to plant growth to the capacity to accumulate chlordecone during laboratory tests. Model grasses, such as wheat ormiscanthus, allowed us to identify the biological traits involved in the absorption and then translocation of the molecule in the different parts of the plant. At the end of this first phase, the efficiency of transpiration, which also reflects the plant’s ability to use water, emerged as the main determinant of the concentration of chlordecone in the plant. In a second phase, we sought to assess the potential for contamination of the spontaneous flora of the contaminated fields in Guadeloupe, through stratified sampling, i.e. sampling oriented by a priori knowledge or by certain determinants highlighted during the laboratory phase. In 70% of the cases, the analysis of this spontaneous flora enabled us to highlight the significant risk of exceeding regulatory thresholds in animal meat fed with the plant cover of the contaminated plots. Cultivation practices, such as intensified tillage, also appeared to be significantly correlated with the increase in the amount of chlordecone found in the plant
Ranguin, Ronald. "Optimisation de la quantification de la chlordécone et mise au point d'un procédé de dégradation par des matériaux hybrides charbons actifs-cobalamine." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0015/document.
Full textChlordecone (cld) with an empirical formula c10cl10o is an organochlorine pesticide classified among the persistent organic pollutants (pops) by the stockholm convention in 2009. This compound was applied to banana plantation in the french west indies from 1950 to 1993: resulting to widespread environmental pollution in banana production areas. In addition it has been shown a generalized pollution of the biosphere, with a health impact described in many publications. It is known that cld has a long persistence in soils, leading to water contamination. Consequently, in the polluted areas of guadeloupe and martinique, the water production plants were equipped with activated carbon filters (ac). However, after water treatment, the ac is contaminated, it is then necessary to regenerate it.One of the research areas of the covachim-m2e team is the elaboration of ac from tropical natural resources such as bagasse to both add value the high amounts of lignocellulosic residues locally available at moderate cost, but as well especially for efficient adsorption of the cld. A hybrid material composed of activated carbon (ac) and vitamin b12 (vb12), known as cobalamin was prepared using a non-covalent attachment, by adsorption to preserve the dechlorination activity of vb12.It is shown that vitamin b12 reduced zerovalent zinc is able to degrade cld, in agreement with the work of schrauzer published in 1978, showing that vitamin b12, reduced by acetoin or sodium borohydride capable of degrading the cld. The intermediate degradation products, were characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (gc-ms) to get right one vb12 adsorption mechanism. To get insight on vb12 adsorption mechanism, kinetic and adsorption isotherms of vb12 on ac were modeled using various mathematical models. It allows to understand the physical and chemical interactions involved between the two components of the hybrid material during the adsorption process. It was revealed that the adsorption dynamics is well described by the model of the pseudo-second order and brouers-sotolongo. Amount of the vb12 fixed on is more important on the bagp1.5 ac prepared by activation of the bagasse by the phosphoric acid, as a maximum adsorption capacity value derived from the langmuir model 422 mg.g-1. Adsorption is favored at high temperature, and at optimum value of ph 6. Furthermore, in order to study the stability of the prepared hybrid material, desorption of the adsorbed from bagp1.5 has also been followed in an aqueous medium and in absolute ethanol. Mh thus prepared was characterized using different technique, the method of boehm, scanning electron microscopy, raman resonance, and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron, infrared transform fourier spectroscopies and also by nitrogen adsorption.The objective of this work is to optimize the quantification of the cld and its intermeodiates by a gas chromatography method coupled with a mass spectrometer (gc-ms) and to develop a method of degradation of the cld for the regeneration of activated carbon.Our work has shown that the rate of disappearance of cld is higher for the hybrid material than vb12 alone. The degradation reactions of cld by vb12 under anaerobic conditions showed the appearance of 3 cld intermediates: mono and dihydrochlordecone and a pentachloroindène derivative that were characterized by gc-ms
Létondor, Clarisse. "Etude des mécanismes histologiques et physiologiques du transfert de la chlordécone (insecticide organochlore) dans les vegetaux." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0008/document.
Full textChlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine insecticide mainly used in French West Indies to struggle against banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus). Its low degradability into soils and its spreading in catchment basins cause a sustainable contamination of agricultural soils and surrounding ecosystems. This leads to a human exposure risk, by food consumption of contaminated vegetables, and to an environmental risk by transfer of CLD in food chains. Main hazardous vegetables for human health are root-vegetables that are directly in contact of soil but also other vegetables because CLD residues are found in aerial parts of plant, leaves and shoots. The environmental risk seems to be the biomagnification of contamination in trophic chains due partly by consumption of contaminated plants. This work focused on the CLD soil-plant transfer, on the one hand in tubers of edible-roots for knowing the health risk and on the other hand in grasses for environmental risk. The CLD lipophilicity plays a major role in its transfer to plants. CLD exhibits a certain affinity for lipophilic tissues particularly for the suberised periderm of tubers and the xylem cell walls that are thickened by lignin. In addition, transfer depends on plant architecture, physiology and organ histology. Two ways of CLD plant contamination were highlighted: roots absorption and adsorption onto tuber periderm. These mechanisms are followed by CLD translocation towards internal tissues of tuber by diffusion and to above-ground parts of the plant within the transpiration stream occurring in vascular xylem vessels. For tubers, we distinguished between the contamination brought by roots absorption and the one brought by peridermic adsorption. In radish, the trans-peridermic diffusion was showed as the major way of contamination. A risk analysis mainly based on plant morphology and tissue histology set up during tuberization process was realized. For grasses, CLD transfer ability to aerial part of plant was studied in several usual gramineae (yam, sweet popato, dasheen). Plant contamination potential is mainly determined by its physiological traits (metabolism) and its life cycle (perenniality). These features could drive the choice of some gramineae to perform CLD phytoremediation
Lastel, Marie-Laure. "Chlordécone et filières animales antillaises : de la distribution tissulaire aux stratégies de décontamination chez les ruminants." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0264/document.
Full textChlordecone (CLD) is a toxic molecule which (i) contaminates more than 15% of agricultural land in Guadeloupe and Martinique islands, (ii) resists to biotic and abiotic degradation, (iii) accumulates along the food chain and whose the disappearance by soil leaching is estimated at several hundred years. The contamination of livestock in polluted areas is a health, social and economic issue. A literature review on CLD revealed a crying lack of information on its behavior in livestock’s organism and currently, there are less than ten studies which deal with livestock’s decontamination. Two experimental protocols were developed to characterize the behavior of CLD in ruminants’ organism and to evaluate methods that can optimize the decontamination processes of these animals. Results showed that all animals have eliminated more than 70% of Chlordecone in 3 to 4 weeks and neither the initial kids’ body fatness nor the addition of activated carbon or the addition of paraffin oil in the diet during the decontamination period altered these rates of excretion. Following these studies, the lipophilic behavior of CLD in animals is, also, questioned because the results showed that the concentrations of this pollutant, expressed on the fat matter basis, were higher in the liver and the muscles than in the peri-renal fat. These results raised new questions: firstly, on the mechanisms which control the CLD tissue distribution and secondly, on the role of the CLD metabolism and its interaction with the entero-hepatic cycle. The understanding of these processes should help to better adjust the decontamination strategies in order to make them more efficient
Bouveret, Cécile. "Biodisponibilité relative du chlordécone de l'andosol et du nitisol chez les animaux d'élevage monogastriques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0253/document.
Full textChlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine pesticide used in the French West Indies against black weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. This pesticide was banned in 1993, because of the toxicity and persistence of this compound in the environment. However, several studies indicated that the population is already exposed to chlordecone (contaminated blood and maternal milk, chlordecone transfer to the mother from the child, memory delay in child and risk to the prostate cancer) particularly by food ingestion. Since 2008, European Regulation °396/2005 is applied in French West Indies (maximal limit fixed at 10 and 20 µg chlordecone/kg of fresh weight in liver and egg and at 100 µg chlordecone /kg of fat in fat). Soils of banana crops previously treated by chlordecone (mainly andosols, nitisols, ferrisols) are still contaminated and are the major source of contamination of food products. Andosol contains allophane clay structure which allows a high microporosity with the formation of particle aggregates in a pattern repeated at different scales. chlordecone would be strongly trapped by this micropores structure and supposed to be strongly retained. Nitisol contains halloysite clayed structure composed to the clay layers superposition with a low porosity. Our hypothesis is that chlordécone is less retained by nitisol than by andosol. Monogastric animals reared outside (pig, poultry) may involuntary ingest soil. It has been shown that hen can ingest soil amounts corresponding to 25 % of the daily ration in the case of vegetation reduction and of nutritional imbalance. Soil ingestion by pig was less studied. In the frame of this research work, we determined andosol and nitisol capacities to retain chlordecone during the digestive process. The relative bioavailability of soil-bound chlordecone in monogastric farm animals (laying hen and juvenile swine) was established. The relative bioavailability determination consists to the slope comparison between the response (concentrations of chlordecone in animal matrices) obtained with increasing chlordecone doses via andosol or nitisol and the response obtained with the same chlordecone ingestion doses via a reference matrix (oil). Results showed that andosol and nitisol did not reduce the chlordecone bioavailability. Thus, relative bioavailability of soil-bound chlordecone was considered to be equal to 100% in laying hen and in juvenile swine. chlordecone was extracted during the digestive process and was absorbed by the monogastric animals. Thus, soil-bound chlordecone is directly assimilated by monogastric farm animals. Concentrations of chlordecone in animal products (liver, fat, egg) exceeded maximal limits for a chlordecone ingestion at least equal to 6.8 µg chlordecone/day/kg of body weight. Since 10% of agricultural soils are contaminated with at least 1 mg/kg, the ingestion of 17% of soil in the daily food ration will result in animal products not acceptable for human consumption. Therefore, it is important to characterize the risk livestock farming practices in order to limit the contamination of food products
Merlin, Chloé. "Recherche de la signature biologique de la dégradation du chlordécone dans le sol des Antilles françaises." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS001/document.
Full textThe use of chlordecone (CLD) to eradicate the weevil populations in the banana plantations in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique) between 1972 and 1993 led to the contamination of the soil and the environment. This very hydrophobic organochlorine insecticide persists in the soil where it slowly transfers not only to the water resources but also to terrestrial and aquatic biota (plants, animals, fishes, shellfishes). Deemed “non-degradable”, CLD is resistant to photolysis, hydrolysis and biodegradation. To date, there is no method to remediate the 20,000 hectares of polluted soil with this insecticide. Given the extent of CLD pollution, biological decontamination processes appear appropriate to the Caribbean context. The objectives of my thesis were to explore the possibilities of microbial transformation of CLD and to assess the ecotoxicological impact of CLD on the soil microbial community. My work is based on the hypothesis that microbial populations chronically exposed to CLD would be adapted to its degradation to detoxify their environment or possibly for use as an energy source for growth.To do so, I developed an analysis method in soils and microbial cultures based on the use of stable isotope to trace CLD. I conducted enrichment experiments with CLD polluted soils from Guadeloupe yielding in the isolation of one hundred fungal strains and nearly two hundred bacterial strains. No degrading bacterial strains have been identified although few of them formed dissolution halo of CLD on solid media. Among the fungal isolates, only F. oxysporum sp. MIAE01197 grew on a mineral medium containing CLD as sole carbon source and dissipated 40% of the CLD. This isolate was twice more tolerant than the reference isolate which had never been exposed to CLD. This isolate mineralizes 14C-CLD very lowly, formed very few 14C-metabolites, but the 14C-CLD was adsorbed on the fungal cell walls, suggesting that the adsorption was the main mechanism involved in the dissipation of the CLD. Analysis of three other isolates belonging to the genus Aspergillus confirmed that exposure to CLD was one of the parameters improving the tolerance of fungal strains to CLD and fungal biomass was capable of adsorbing the CLD in proportions close to those obtained with activated carbon used to treat drinking water in the French West Indies.The assessment of the CLD ecotoxicological impact on the microbial community and functions it supports was carried out on two soils never exposed to CLD showing contrasting physicochemical properties. The analysis of the overall structure (evaluated by RISA), the abundance and the activity of the microbial community of the silty-clay soil were not affected by the CLD. However, the taxonomic composition (evaluated by group specific qPCR) and respiratory activity of the microbial community were affected by the CLD in the sandy soil. These results showed that the toxicity of CLD for microbial community depends on the physicochemical properties of the soil which may determine its bioavailability. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible toxicity of the CLD on Caribbean soil ecosystemic functions
Fourcot, Aurore. "Distribution et élimination de la chlordécone chez les animaux d’élevage – modélisation des processus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0260.
Full textThe use of chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide used in the French West Indies banana fields between 1972 and 1993, resulted in a long-term pollution of agricultural areas. Animals may be exposed to CLD by ingesting contaminated food or environmental matrices (soil, water or plants). This PhD project is integrated in the objective of securing animal sectors against CLD risk.The aims of this thesis are (1) to provide knowledge on distribution and elimination mechanisms of CLD in farm animals and (2) to develop decision support tools to assist local animal sectors. To this end, in vivo experiments were performed in adult ewes and growing pigs. In pigs, two experiments consisting of monitoring serum and fecal elimination kinetics following a single intravenous administration of CLD or CLDOH (chlordecol) were performed. Non-compartmental and compartmental approaches were used to estimate toxicokinetic parameters of CLD and its metabolites from serum kinetics. Faecal kinetics were used to characterize metabolism of CLD and to quantify its faecal excretion. In ewes, these toxicokinetic data were already available in literature, so the objective was to complete them by characterizing CLD distribution. An experiment involving sequentially slaughters during contamination and decontamination phases allowed to characterize the distribution dynamics of CLD. Correlations between concentrations in tissues were established and CLD half-lives in tissues were calculated. The monitoring of fecal kinetics provided additional knowledge on CLD excretion. All toxicokinetic results obtained in ewes were used to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict CLD concentrations in various tissues. This model will be used to develop decision support tools to assist animal sectors in CLD contaminated areas. An in vivo study is being considered in pigs to characterize the dynamics of CLD tissue distribution and thus be able to develop similar tools to those developed in ewes
Alabed-Alibrahim, Eid. "Régulation de l’angiogenèse par le chlordécone : implication du stress oxydatif et de la mitochondrie." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0053.
Full textEpidemiological studies report that exposure to pesticides like chlordecone increases risk of prostate cancer and tumorigenesis. We have reported recently that the pro-angiogenic effect of chlordecone involving NO release and VEGF production is mediated through activation of α isoform of the estrogen receptor (ERα). Since mitochondria and ROS have been implicated inthe process of angiogenesis, this study aims to determine the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesisand oxidative stress in chlordecone-induce dangiogenesis. Firstly, our results indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis is not essential for chlordecone angiogenic response. We also identified the molecular mechanism involved; chlordecone induces endothelial cells angiogenesis by a spatiotemporal regulation of ROS production involving NADPH oxidase then mitochondrial O2 -via a NO sensitive pathways through activation of ERα.These findings propose that a molecular mechanism may partly explain the epidemiological evidence implicating chlordecone as risk factor of prostatic cancer
Nedellec, Vincent. "Méthodes quantitatives pour évaluer les risques non mutagènes des substances chimiques : Application au cas du chlordécone." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0997/document.
Full textRisk assessment of chemicals uses for non-mutagenic effects a threshold dose without effect. The aim is to develop a risk assessment framework that allows quantification of non-mutagenic risks. It is inspired by the approach used for genotoxic carcinogens. The added value for safety decision making is shown on the case of chlordecone exposure in Guadeloupe. The official assessment is 1 to 3% of the population are exposed above the threshold (kidney damage). No one has quantified the risks when the threshold is exceeded. However, several million euros (M€) are invested annually for the prevention of exposure to chlordecone in Guadeloupe.The study is based only on published data available in 2013. The analysis of modes of action will identify the possible effects of chlordecone at chronicle low doses. Multidoses experimental studies or epidemiological studies provide data to derive exposure-response functions (ERF). The internal exposure data (blood chlordecone concentration) are available for Guadeloupe before and after the introduction in 2003 of preventive actions. The external exposure data are available only after 2003. Risks, estimated with exposures and ERF, are converted into impacts through the number of people exposed. The impacts are monetized via DALYs and VOLY.Four effects of chlordecone can occur at chronic low dose: prostate and liver cancers, kidney damages and cognitive development impairments. Without threshold and with internal exposure data, the estimated numbers of deaths from liver cancer are respectively before and after 2003: 5.4 /year and 2.0 /year. That is 3.4 deaths avoided per year by reducing exposure. For prostate cancer there are respectively 2.8 and 1.0 /yr (gain: 1.8 /yr) and for kidney damages 0.10 and 0.04 /yr (gain: 0.06 /yr). Loss of IQ points are 1 173/yr and 1 003 /yr (gain = 168 pt./yr). Before 2003, the total annual cost of these impacts is 31.8 million €2006 [10.6 to 64.3]. Impacts on cognitive development account for 62% of the total, liver cancer 27%, prostate cancer 11% and kidney damage 0.6%. After 2003, the cost of impacts is 21.3 M€/yr [5.8 to 42.8]. The benefits due to the reduction of exposures (avoided impacts) are 10.5 M€/yr [4.8 to 21.5]. Compared to annual spending estimated at 3.25 M€/yr, the annual benefit is three times higher. Including a threshold dose in the model do not significantly change the results. Use of the external exposure data, dramatically decreased the costs of impacts down to 4% of the costs estimated with internal exposures data. A sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulation show that the "exposure" variable is the one that most influences the results.This work is the first to consider a quantitative assessment of health risks scenario without threshold, which is more and more often recommended for endocrine disrupters. It is also the first to monetize health impacts of chlordecone in Guadeloupe. This approach proves fruitful of useful information for decision making. It enables to compare basic options such as whether or not a threshold should be used in the model, taking into account any external or internal exposures. It also allows a comparison of the cost of preventive actions with the health benefits they generate. The results obtained facilitate the prioritization of actions for health safety. This quantitative approach is recommended for environmental factors to which are already exposed populations. Actions for reducing exposure to chlordecone in Guadeloupe are justified and efficient in terms of social cost. Epidemiological surveys to study the role of chlordecone in diseases that could not been taken into account for lack of knowledge (adult neurotoxicity, autoimmune diseases, and other developmental effects) would be needed. It would be useful to provide mechanistic studies before epidemiological studies implementation. Extend follow-up of the TIMOUN cohort could reduce uncertainty about cognitive development
Gelu-Siméon, Moana. "Facteurs de progression et évolution des hépatopathies chroniques virales et alcooliques en Guadeloupe." Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0825.
Full textPrevalence data for viral hepatitis B and C, available in Guadeloupe, were evaluted at 3. 1% for HBsAg, 22. 1% for anti-HBc Ab and 0. 8% for anti-HCV in 1992 and need to be updated. Alcohol also remains a major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer in the world and the first in Europe. Guadeloupe is not spared by the harmful consequences of alcohol, but there is no data on this issue, especially for alcoholic liver disease. Many factors of progression of chronic liver diseases and their impact on the response to antiviral treatment were identified but these have never been studied in a Caribbean population, as well as environmental toxic effect on the progression of fibrogenesis. Objectives: Refresh epidemiology of chronic viral liver disease and describe their management in Guadeloupe. Describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic alcoholic liver disease in Guadeloupe. Assess the factors of progression and evolution of viral liver diseases and chronic alcoholics in Guadeloupe. Describe the evolution and management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Guadeloupe. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prevalence survey of viral hepatitis B and C in the general population using data from a health center in Guadeloupe, conducted a prospective evaluation of cases of viral and alcoholic chronic liver diseases from the referral centers as well as an assessment of the management of chronic liver disease by general practitioners and specialists, and factors of liver disease progression specific to Guadeloupe. Finally, we assessed the causes and the treatment of new cases of HCC in Guadeloupe. Results: The prevalence results were evaluated to 1. 41 [95% CI: 1-2] for HBsAg and 0. 55 [95% CI: 0. 28 to 0. 96] for the HCV serology. The rate of vaccination against hepatitis B was estimated at 42% in adults. The main modes of contamination found were sexual (28. 2%), piercing (12. 9%) and intra-familly exposure to HBV (6,4à 14. 1%); surgical history (especially gynecological surgery) (50%) for HCV. The main HBV virological profile was inactive carrier, HBeAg-negative (95. 8%), A1 genotype (67. 3%), D (18. 2%) or E (14. 5%); and genotype 1 for HCV (80%). Praticians questioned about their knowledge of viral hepatitis, responded accurately in 55% of cases and were largely in favor of anti-viral vaccination B. Only 16. 9% of patients were given HBV antiviral treatment as an inactive form in more than 75% of cases. It was estimated at 16% of patients treated for HCV infection in Guadeloupe, with a response rate to combination therapy at 32% (in 2010). Factors of poorer response to antiviral therapy were retained: the study of IL28B polymorphisms evaluated in 54 HCV patients with a high frequency of T / T genotype (55. 3%) among Afro-Caribbean patients. HTLV-1 co-infection in patients infected with HCV suggest a poorer response to antiviral therapy in these patients. Alcohol consumption is also a real problem in our region, mainly based on rum with a daily median of alcohol ingested 50 g / day [20-380], while wine and beer were rarely drunk alone. The blood impregnation organochlorine toxics, particularly Chlordecone is also a risk factor of progression of chronic liver disease. Among the patients with HCC, late diagnosis is the main reason of palliative care, for chemoembolization in 10. 8% of cases or Nexavar in 22. 9% of cases. Finally, the majority of these patients (59. 4%) was treated symptomatically. A minority (6. 7%) received a cure by surgery or liver transplantation. Conclusion: Despite its privileged relationship with mainland France, Guadeloupe suffers from geographical isolation which complicates the therapeutic management of patients with viral or alcoholic chronic liver disease. In addition, the specificities of this geographic and cultural territory are not taken into account in the implementation of health policies. A better understanding of epidemiology and progression of liver disease factors will improve the care of patients with viral or alcoholic chronic liver disease in this region
Lee, JungA. "Alteration of cholesterol disposition by chlordecone is not explained by induction of cyp7a or cyp4a1." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32450.
Full textGraduation date: 2002
Tang, Datong. "Chemistry of highly halogenated cyclopentadiene dimers and cages /." 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3039059.
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