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Journal articles on the topic "Chlamydia infections Treatment Victoria"
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Wagg, Emma, Jane Hocking, and Jane Tomnay. "What do young women living in regional and rural Victoria say about chlamydia testing? A qualitative study." Sexual Health 17, no. 2 (2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19182.
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Background Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly notified sexually transmissible infection in Australia, with almost 100000 cases diagnosed in 2018. Chlamydia is easy to diagnose and treat, but infections are underdiagnosed. Eighty per cent of chlamydia cases are asymptomatic. Without testing, infections will remain undetected. Several barriers to testing have been identified in previous research, including cost, privacy concerns for young rural people, knowledge gaps, embarrassment and stigma. The aim of this study was to investigate young regional and rural women’s understanding of chlamydia and factors that may prevent or delay testing. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 women aged between 18 and 30 years residing in north-east Victoria, Australia. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Themes were grouped under four categories: (1) chlamydia and stigma; (2) the application of stigma to self and others; (3) factors affecting testing; and (4) knowledge. A chlamydia infection was associated with stigma. The young women in this study anticipated self-stigma in relation to a positive diagnosis, but resisted stigmatising others. Increased knowledge about chlamydia prevalence was associated with reduced self-stigma. The most consistent factor affecting testing decisions was personal risk assessment. Knowledge gaps about symptoms, testing and treatment were also identified, with participants not always accessing information from reputable sources. Conclusion: Chlamydia testing was viewed as a positive activity among this cohort. However, there is considerable perceived stigma about being diagnosed with an infection. Interventions that communicate prevalence, reduce stigma and provide factual information about testing and risk are still needed. Clinicians have an opportunity to convey this information at consultation. Health promotion workers should continue to develop and run campaigns at a community level to encourage regular screening.
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Pavlin, N., R. Parker, J. M. Gunn, C. K. Fairley, and J. Hocking. "56. TAKE THE SEX OUT OF STI SCREENING! VIEWS OF GPS AND YOUNG WOMEN ON IMPLEMENTING CHLAMYDIA SCREENING IN AUSTRALIA." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab56.
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In-depth face to face interviews were carried out with a randomly selected sample of 20 General Practitioners (GPs) and 24 young women from across Victoria. We aimed to determine the attitudes of GPs and young women to chlamydia screening, what systems and education would be required to support chlamydia screening in general practice in Australia and in particular to explore how young women feel about being asked to test for chlamydia when they attend a GP for any reason. Both GPs and young women accept age-based screening for chlamydia and screening during a sexual health related consultation in general practice. Both feel that a large scale public education program, encompassing the high prevalence of chlamydial infection in young people in Australia, the asymptomatic nature of infection and the potential consequences if untreated, will be essential in ensuring the success of a chlamydia screening program in Australia. For the women, trust in their GP, was a major factor in the acceptability of chlamydia screening. They also felt chlamydia screening should be offered to all young women rather than targeted at 'high risk' women based on sexual history and they particularly emphasised the importance of normalising chlamydia screening. Women were clear that they did not want to be asked to provide a sexual history as part of being asked to have a chlamydia test. This finding has not been widely published in the literature and is worthy of comment. There is considerable evidence suggesting that GPs also regard sexual history taking as a barrier to STI testing in general practice. Chlamydia is an STI and notification and treatment of sexual partners is important. Understanding these concepts promotes young women's acceptance of chlamydia screening. However, is a detailed sexual history really an important precursor to a chlamydia test? Our study suggests maybe not.
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Goller, Jane L., Jacqueline Coombe, Meredith Temple-Smith, Helen Bittleston, Lena Sanci, Rebecca Guy, Christopher Fairley, et al. "Management of Chlamydia Cases in Australia (MoCCA): protocol for a non-randomised implementation and feasibility trial." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e067488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067488.
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IntroductionThe sexually transmitted infection chlamydia can cause significant complications, particularly among people with female reproductive organs. Optimal management includes timely and appropriate treatment, notifying and treating sexual partners, timely retesting for reinfection and detecting complications including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In Australia, mainstream primary care (general practice) is where most chlamydia infections are diagnosed, making it a key setting for optimising chlamydia management. High reinfection and low retesting rates suggest partner notification and retesting are not uniformly provided. The Management of Chlamydia Cases in Australia (MoCCA) study seeks to address gaps in chlamydia management in Australian general practice through implementing interventions shown to improve chlamydia management in specialist services. MoCCA will focus on improving retesting, partner management (including patient-delivered partner therapy) and PID diagnosis.Methods and analysisMoCCA is a non-randomised implementation and feasibility trial aiming to determine how best to implement interventions to support general practice in delivering best practice chlamydia management. Our method is guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Normalisation Process Theory. MoCCA interventions include a website, flow charts, fact sheets, mailed specimen kits and autofills to streamline chlamydia consultation documentation. We aim to recruit 20 general practices across three Australian states (Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland) through which we will implement the interventions over 12–18 months. Mixed methods involving qualitative and quantitative data collection and analyses (observation, interviews, surveys) from staff and patients will be undertaken to explore our intervention implementation, acceptability and uptake. Deidentified general practice and laboratory data will be used to measure pre-post chlamydia testing, retesting, reinfection and PID rates, and to estimate MoCCA intervention costs. Our findings will guide scale-up plans for Australian general practice.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from The University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (Ethics ID: 22665). Findings will be disseminated via conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and study reports.
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Kong, F., C. Kyle-Link, J. Hocking, and M. Hellard. "11. SEX AND SPORT: A COMMUNITY BASED PROJECT OF CHLAMYDIA TESTING AND TREATMENT IN RURAL AND REGIONAL VICTORIA." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab11.
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Chlamydia is the most common notifiable infectious disease in Australia with the number of notifications increasing 92% over the past 5 years. The "Sex and Sport" Project is piloting a community based chlamydia testing and treatment program reaching young people in a specific community setting, sporting clubs. This multifaceted approach utilises health education, population screening and collection of data on risk taking behaviour as the first steps in enhancing health and shaping future service provisions. The project's primary aim is to assess the feasibility of an outreach testing and treatment program. Secondary aims are to measure the prevalence of chlamydia and assess sexual risk behaviour in this population. Strong community collaborations and integration into local health services through the Primary Care Partnerships is important in the project's sustainability; in particular key community members respected by sporting clubs needed to be identified, capacity developed to deliver effective health promotion messages and improve young people's access to sexual health services. Additionally, local knowledge has guided overall program implementation and provides opportunities for capacity building to regionally based services. For example, poor access to sexual health services is being addressed by the participants being able to access services via telephone consultation with Melbourne Sexual Health Centre. Approximately 1000 Victorians aged 16-25 years from the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria will be tested between June and September 2007. This paper will report on the feasibility, challenges and possible solutions in establishing a community based outreach testing and treatment program.
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Petersen, Rodney W., Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Suzanne Garland, and Julie A. Quinlivan. "Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in a public colposcopy clinic population." Sexual Health 4, no. 2 (2007): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06050.
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Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a major public health issue, with notifications of this sexually transmitted disease continuing to rise in Australia. Women attending colposcopy clinics are referred for treatment of cervical abnormalities often associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. There is evidence that women who have acquired one sexually transmitted infection, such as HPV, are at higher risk of acquiring another. Women attending colposcopy clinics may therefore be at risk of undiagnosed infection with C. trachomatis. Aim: To determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis in women attending a public metropolitan colposcopy clinic in Victoria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Consecutive women attending the colposcopy clinic completed a questionnaire and had a swab collected from the endocervix for analysis by polymerase chain reaction for C. trachomatis. Positive screens were treated in accordance with best practice. Data were analysed with Minitab Version 2004 (Minitab Inc, State College, PA, USA). Results: Of 581 women approached to participate in the trial, consent was obtained from 568 women (98%) and final outcome data was available on 560 women (99%). The overall rate of chlamydial infection was 2.1% (95% CI 1.5–2.7%). However, in women aged 25 years or less the rate was 5.8% (95% CI 3.8–7.8%) and in women over 25 years it was only 0.9% (95% CI 0.4–1.4%). Apart from age, no other demographic factor was significantly associated with chlamydial infection. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of chlamydial infection in the colposcopy clinic population as a whole does not warrant a policy for routine screening, screening directed at women aged 25 years or less would gain the greatest yields in terms of cost efficacy. Such a policy should be implemented as standard practice.
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Tomnay, Jane E., Rachelle L. Gebert, and Christopher K. Fairley. "A survey of partner notification practices among general practitioners and their use of an internet resource for partner notification for Chlamydia trachomatis." Sexual Health 3, no. 4 (2006): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh05052.
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Objectives: To determine in which circumstances Victorian general practitioners (GPs) offer chlamydia testing to patients, the attitudes of GPs in relation to contact tracing, how often GPs use a pre-printed partner letter and patient brochure and what proportion of GPs have immediate internet access in their consulting rooms. Methods: This study involved two parts, an initial survey of a sample of GPs in Victoria and a study of GP use of a website that provided treatment guidelines, a printable client brochure and a partner letter. Results: Of 418 eligible GPs, 221 (53%, 48–58%, 95% CI) returned completed surveys. Of these, 213 (97%, 93–99%, 95% CI) GPs believed that patients were largely responsible for notifying partners. Partner letters were rarely used: 167 (76%, 70–81%, 95% CI) GPs reported they never used partner letters, 18 (8%, 5–13%, 95% CI) GPs reported rare use and 23 (10%, 7–15%, 95% CI) GPs reportedusing them sometimes. Of the GPs, 181 (82%, 77–87%, 95% CI) reported they would find a partner letter and patient brochure on a website helpful. During the study, the website was accessed by 28 GPs (25%, 17–34%, 95% CI) in Gippsland and 17 GPs (8%, 5–13%, 95% CI) in Geelong who received positive chlamydia results on 110 and 208 clients respectively. Conclusions: GPs mostly considered patients responsible for partner notification but uncommonly used partner letters or an information brochure to assist them. Importantly, GPs reported that they could improve partner notification if further support was provided. In addition, when a website was provided with useful documents on it, up to 25% of GPs used it. This indicates that simple and inexpensive interventions can support GPs with strategies that may improve the control of chlamydia.
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Goller, Jane L., Jacqueline Coombe, Christopher Bourne, Deborah Bateson, Meredith Temple-Smith, Jane Tomnay, Alaina Vaisey, et al. "Patient-delivered partner therapy for chlamydia in Australia: can it become part of routine care?" Sexual Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh20024.
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Abstract Background Patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT) is a method for an index patient to give treatment for genital chlamydia to their sexual partner(s) directly. In Australia, PDPT is considered suitable for heterosexual partners of men and women, but is not uniformly endorsed. We explored the policy environment for PDPT in Australia and considered how PDPT might become a routine option. Methods: Structured interviews were conducted with 10 key informants (KIs) representing six of eight Australian jurisdictions and documents relevant to PDPT were appraised. Interview transcripts and documents were analysed together, drawing on KIs’ understanding of their jurisdiction to explore our research topics, namely the current context for PDPT, challenges, and actions needed for PDPT to become routine. Results: PDPT was allowable in three jurisdictions (Victoria, New South Wales, Northern Territory) where State governments have formally supported PDPT. In three jurisdictions (Western Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania), KIs viewed PDPT as potentially allowable under relevant prescribing regulations; however, no guidance was available. Concern about antimicrobial stewardship precluded PDPT inclusion in the South Australian strategy. For Queensland, KIs viewed PDPT as not allowable under current prescribing regulations and, although a Medicine and Poisons Act was passed in 2019, it is unclear if PDPT will be possible under new regulations. Clarifying the doctor–partner treating relationship and clinical guidance within a care standard were viewed as crucial for PDPT uptake, irrespective of regulatory contexts. Conclusion: Endorsement and guidance are essential so doctors can confidently and routinely offer PDPT in respect to professional standards and regulatory requirements.
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LINNEMANN, CALVIN C., CHARLES L. HEATON, and MICHAEL RITCHEY. "Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 14, no. 2 (April 1987): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-198704000-00009.
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Goller, Jane L., Rebecca J. Guy, Judy Gold, Megan S. C. Lim, Carol El-Hayek, Mark A. Stoove, Isabel Bergeri, et al. "Establishing a linked sentinel surveillance system for blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections: methods, system attributes and early findings." Sexual Health 7, no. 4 (2010): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09116.
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Objective: To describe the attributes and key findings from implementation of a new blood-borne virus (BBV) and sexually transmissible infection (STI) sentinel surveillance system based on routine testing at clinical sites in Victoria, Australia. Methods: The Victorian Primary Care Network for Sentinel Surveillance (VPCNSS) on BBV and STI was established in 2006 at 17 sites. Target populations included men who have sex with men (MSM), young people and injecting drug users (IDU). Sites collected demographic and risk behaviour information electronically or using paper surveys from patients undergoing routine HIV or STI (syphilis, chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis)) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing. These data were linked with laboratory results. Results: Between April 2006 and June 2008, data were received for 67 466 tests and 52 042 questionnaires. In clinics providing electronic data, >90% of individuals tested for HIV, syphilis and chlamydia had risk behaviour information collected. In other clinics, survey response rates were >85% (HIV), 43.5% (syphilis), 42.7–66.5% (chlamydia) and <20% (HCV). Data completeness was >85% for most core variables. Over time, HIV, syphilis and chlamydia testing increased in MSM, and chlamydia testing declined in females (P = 0.05). The proportion of positive tests among MSM was 1.9% for HIV and 2.1% for syphilis. Among 16–24-year-olds, the proportion positive for chlamydia was 10.7% in males and 6.9% in females. Among IDU, 19.4% of HCV tests were antibody positive. Conclusions: The VPCNSS has collected a large, rich dataset through which testing, risk behaviours and the proportion positive can be monitored in high-risk groups, offering a more comprehensive BBV and STI surveillance system for Victoria. Building system sustainability requires an ongoing focus.
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Kalwij, S., M. Macintosh, and P. Baraitser. "Screening and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections." BMJ 340, apr21 2 (April 21, 2010): c1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c1915.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Chlamydia infections Treatment Victoria"
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Akinlotan, Morenikeji D. "Within-host dynamics of Chlamydia trachomatis infection: Repeat infections and the immune response." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119362/1/Morenikeji%20Akinlotan%20Thesis.pdf.
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Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. The control of its incidence is a major public health challenge. It is one of the major preventable causes of disability and mortality. Genital Chlamydia infection is asymptomatic and thus commonly undiagnosed and untreated. In this study, we use ordinary differential equation models to provide qualitative insights into the within-host dynamics of Chlamydia infections, the associated host immune response, and the in vivo control or treatment of the infection. The thesis examines optimal control treatment strategies for acute and chronic genital chlamydial infections, including an investigation of efficacious anti-Chlamydia vaccination strategies. Qualitative results of the presented models provide frameworks for the design of new and improved treatment strategies for genital chlamydial infections.
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Hujoel, Margaux L. "Assessment of Treatment and Screening Procedures for Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in a College Setting." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/86.
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Chlamydia trachomatis infections are a common sexually transmitted infection in the United States in which the majority of cases are asymptomatic. Due to this asymptomatic nature, as well as the serious health issues that arise from untreated infections in women, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a screening policy that annually targets women between the ages of 15 and 25 or older women with risk factors. There is little evidence supporting the efficacy of only screening women and doing so once per year. Through a stochastic epidemiological model, we investigate a variety of screening policies within a college setting and evaluate their impact on infection prevalence. We have developed a MATLAB program using an individual-based modeling approach to evaluate treatment and screening procedures. Using R, we present a statistical analysis of the outcome: under our model conditions, any procedure involving screening will eventually result in eradication of C. trachomatis infections in the population. Screening both men and women, however, seems to eliminate the infection in a population far more rapidly.
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Tamarelle, Jeanne. "Composition et dynamique du microbiote vaginal : facteurs associés et rôle dans l’infection par Chlamydia trachomatis The vaginal microbiota and its association with human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis Vaginal microbiota composition and association with prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a cross- sectional study of young women attending a STI clinic in France Nonoptimal Vaginal Microbiota After Azithromycin Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV097.
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Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) est une bactérie sexuellement transmissible responsable d’infections génitales hautes pouvant conduire à une infertilité tubaire ou à des grossesses extra-utérines. C’est l’infection sexuellement transmissible la plus fréquente dans le monde, y compris en France. Les données épidémiologiques indiquent que l’incidence de cette infection est en augmentation malgré les mesures de contrôle mises en place, ce qui motive la révision des recommandations actuelles de dépistage de l’infection à CT. Le microbiote vaginal pourrait jouer un rôle majeur dans la prévention des IST via la compétition écologique et la production de métabolites, dont l’acide lactique. Le microbiote vaginal correspond à un équilibre dynamique fragile et susceptible d’être modifié par un ensemble d’expositions, parmi lesquelles les pratiques sexuelles et d’hygiène intime, l’exposition aux antibiotiques mais aussi la présence de pathogènes. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’étudier ce triangle d’associations entre expositions, microbiote vaginal et infection par CT, à travers l’étude de la composition et de la dynamique du microbiote vaginal. Nous avons cherché à répondre aux questions suivantes : existe-t-il des marqueurs de l’infection par CT au niveau du microbiote vaginal ? La composition et la structure du microbiote vaginal sont-elles modifiées par l’infection par CT et la prise d’antibiotiques ? Quels sont les expositions associées à des perturbations du microbiote vaginal ? Une première étape a consisté à réaliser un état de l’art et d'estimer l’association entre microbiote vaginal et infection par CT dans la littérature, ainsi que pour trois autres IST d’importance clinique, et à évaluer le rôle de plusieurs facteurs dans l’hétérogénéité des mesures d’association observées. Dans un second temps, nous avons estimé cette association en s'appuyant sur la caractérisation moléculaire du microbiote vaginal, dans deux études en France et aux Etats-Unis. Nous avons montré qu’il y avait une surreprésentation des communautés bactériennes dominées par Lactobacillus iners (CST III) et de celles dépourvues de Lactobacillus spp. (CST IV) chez les femmes infectées par CT. En étudiant l’évolution du microbiote vaginal dans l’étude américaine, après traitement par azithromycine et clairance de CT, nous avons montré que le microbiote vaginal ne parvenait pas à évoluer vers un état optimal. Ce résultat laisse supposer qu’il persiste après traitement un risque vis-à-vis des réinfections. Enfin, dans deux études longitudinales à échantillonnage fréquent aux Etats-Unis, nous avons étudié les expositions associées à l’incidence et à la clairance d’un CST IV. Nous avons montré que lorsque le microbiote vaginal n’était pas dominé par L. iners, les facteurs associés à l’incidence d’un CST IV et à sa clairance étaient essentiellement les menstruations, tandis que chez les femmes dont le microbiote vaginal est dominé par L. iners, les menstruations mais aussi l’usage de lubrifiant, les douches vaginales, l’origine ethnique, l’âge et les rapports sexuels non protégés étaient associés à l’incidence d’un CST IV ou à sa clairance. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse a permis d'une part de confirmer l’association entre microbiote vaginal dépourvu de Lactobacillus et infection par CT en population en s'appuyant sur le séquençage génomique, et d'autre part de distinguer l’espèce L. iners des autres espèces de Lactobacillus et d’évaluer le risque associé au CST III. En permettant une meilleure compréhension de l’histoire naturelle de CT et des dynamiques du microbiote vaginal, nous espérons proposer des pistes pour améliorer les stratégies de contrôle de l’infection par CT et d’autres IST. Le potentiel innovant du projet réside dans l’usage de méthodes moléculaires nous permettant d’affiner notre approche de la santé en intégrant la prédisposition individuelle aux infections sexuellement transmissibles, ainsi ouvrant la voie vers la médecine personnaliséeChlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted bacteria responsible for cervicitis, urethritis, and pelvic inflammatory diseases leading to subsequent tubal infertility and ectopic pregnancies. It is the most frequent sexually transmitted infection worldwide, including in France. Epidemiological data indicate that the incidence rate is increasing despite the implementation of control measures, which motivates the revision of current screening strategies. The vaginal microbiota could play a major role in preventing sexually transmitted infections through ecological competition and metabolites, such as lactic acid production. The vaginal microbiota corresponds to a fine-tuned equilibrium likely to be modified by exposures such as sexual practices, hygiene practices, antibiotics but also presence of pathogens. The overall objective of this thesis is to study the association in this triangle composed of external exposures, vaginal microbiota and CT infection, through the study of the vaginal microbiota composition and dynamics. We aimed at answering these questions: are there biomarkers of CT infection in the vaginal microbiota? Are the vaginal microbiota composition and structure modified by CT infection and antibiotic consumption? What are the exposures associated with perturbations of the vaginal microbiota? To answer these questions, the first step consisted of a state of the art to estimate the association between vaginal microbiota and CT infection in the literature, as well as three other clinically relevant sexually transmitted infections, and to evaluate the role of several factors in the observed heterogeneity between studies. In a second step, we estimated this association using molecular characterization of the vaginal microbiota in two studies in France and in the United States. We showed that Lactobacillus iners-dominated communities (CST III) and Lactobacillus-deprived communities (CST IV) were over-represented among CT-positive women. By studying the vaginal microbiota after azithromycin treatment and CT clearance in the American study, we showed that the vaginal microbiota did not evolve towards an optimal state, suggesting that women may stay at risk of CT reinfections. Finally, in two longitudinal studies using frequent sampling in the United States, we studied exposures associated with incidence and clearance of a CST IV. We showed that when the vaginal microbiota was not dominated by L. iners, menses was the main factor associated with incidence and clearance of a CST IV, while for women whose vaginal microbiota is dominated by L. iners, menses but also lubricant use, douching, ethnic origins, age and condomless vaginal sex were associated with CST IV incidence and/or clearance. Therefore, this thesis allowed on the one hand to confirm the association between Lactobacillus-deprived vaginal microbiota and CT infection using genome sequencing, and on the other hand to single out L. iners from other Lactobacillus spp. and to evaluated the risk associated with CST III. By enabling a better understanding of the natural history of CT and of the vaginal microbiota dynamics, we hope to contribute to improving strategies for the control of CT infection and other STIs. The innovative potential of the project lies in the use of molecular methods, which allows refining of our approach of health management by integrating individual predisposition to sexually transmitted infections, thus paving the way for personalized medicine
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Nemeth, Sheila Mrunal Vaidya. "Evaluating the Presumptive Treatment Gap and Effectiveness of Patient Delivered Partner Therapy for Preventing Chlamydia trachomatis Reinfection." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8DZ0MV2.
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Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is a strategy for treating the partners of chlamydia index cases by which a health care provider gives an index patient drugs or a prescription for treatment of chlamydia to deliver to their sex partner without an intervening medical evaluation of the partner. Despite routine offer of EPT in New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) sexual health clinics, the majority of patients who are eligible for EPT do not receive it, largely because EPT eligibility requires lab confirmation of chlamydial infection, which is lacking in situations where patients are treated for chlamydia on the same day they are tested for chlamydia (i.e., presumptive treatment). These patients become eligible for EPT after they leave the clinic and often do not return for EPT.
This dissertation includes three papers: one systematic review and two original analyses. The objective of the systematic review was to synthesize existing estimates of EPT effectiveness to better understand the impact of biases on these estimates; a meta-analysis provided an aggregate estimate of the effectiveness of EPT for preventing index patient reinfection with chlamydia and/or gonorrhea. We found 6 studies that included some measure of EPT effectiveness. Meta-analysis revealed that EPT significantly reduced the risk of reinfection from chlamydia and/or gonorrhea, but it also revealed a substantial amount of heterogeneity. Systematic review revealed that inclusion of patients whose sex partners were at the clinic or already treated for infection was a common source of bias among existing estimates of EPT effectiveness. The two original analyses used data from NYC DOHMH sexual health clinics where EPT is routinely offered as patient delivered partner therapy (PDPT), a form of EPT where medication is given directly to the index patient. The objective of the first analysis was to identify predictors of presumptive treatment and predictors of being offered PDPT among patients eligible for PDPT in the NYC clinics. This analysis demonstrated that patient diagnosis as a contact to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that would warrant treatment with azithromycin or doxycycline (termed STI contacts) was the best predictor of presumptive treatment in NYC DOHMH sexual health clinics. Patients who were not contacts to such STIs or who were STI contacts with more than one sex partner were more likely to be offered PDPT compared to patients who were STI contacts and reported ≤ 1 sex partner. Males not diagnosed as STI contacts were identified as a target population for increasing rates of PDPT offer. The objective of the last analysis was to provide an estimate of PDPT effectiveness for preventing index patient reinfection with chlamydia. This analysis was novel compared to existing estimates of EPT effectiveness in that we excluded patients whose sex partners were at the clinics at the time of chlamydia testing, treatment, or PDPT offer. We found that PDPT significantly reduced the risk of repeat chlamydial infection at both 6 months and 1 year after initial infection. This result was unchanged by multiple sensitivity analyses that assessed the validity of our estimate. In this dissertation, we were able to fill gaps in the literature regarding EPT implementation. The results may help to decrease missed opportunities for offering patients EPT and to support the continued scale-up and optimization of EPT.
Books on the topic "Chlamydia infections Treatment Victoria"
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Chlamydia atherosclerosis lesion: Discovery, diagnosis and treatment. London: Springer, 2007.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment. Incidence and control of chlamydia: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 19, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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Y, Boutaleb, and Gzouli A, eds. The treatment of endometriosis--and other disorders and infections. Carnforth, Lancs, UK: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1991.
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Laura, Larsen, ed. Sexually transmitted diseases sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about the symptoms and treatment of chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis, herpes, HIV/Aids, human papillomavirus (HPV), pelvic inflammatory disease, syphilis, trichomoniasis, vaginal infections, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including recent facts about prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention; along with tips on discussing and living with STDs, updates on current research and vaccines, a glossary of related terms, and resources for additional help and information. 4th ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, Inc., 2009.
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Shor, Allan. Chlamydia Atherosclerosis Lesion: Discovery, Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer, 2016.
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International handbook of Chlamydia. 2nd ed. Haslemere, Surrey, UK: Euromed Communications, 2006.
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.), ed. Chlamydial infection. [Bethesda, Md: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 1992.
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Eason, Timothy. Doxycycline: The Perfect Antibiotic Pills for Infections Used for Effectively Treating Resistant Bacterial Infections Like Chlamydia Treatment, UTI Treatment, Acne Treatment and Syphilis Treatment. Independently Published, 2018.
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Wise, William. Amoxicillin: Treatment of Bacterial Infections Such As Chlamydia, Lyme Disease, Pneumonia, Bronchitis, and Gonorrhea. Independently Published, 2018.
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Wise, William. Amoxicillin: Treatment of Bacterial Infections Such As Chlamydia, Lyme Disease, Pneumonia, Bronchitis, and Gonorrhea. Independently Published, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Chlamydia infections Treatment Victoria"
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Mårdh, Pers-Anders, Jorma Paavonen, and Mirja Puolakkainen. "Concomitant Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Other Genital Pathogens, and Treatment of Mixed Infections." In Chlamydia, 207–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0719-8_22.
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Allegra, L., R. Cosentini, and P. Tarsia. "Clarithromycin Treatment of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections Decreases Fibrinogen Plasma Level in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease." In Chlamydia pneumoniae, 173–77. Milano: Springer Milan, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2280-5_19.
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Kuratli, J., H. Marti, C. Blenn, and N. Borel. "Water-Filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation: Novel Treatment Options for Chlamydial Infections." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 247–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_21.
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AbstractwIRA has been shown to reduce extracellular chlamydial forms and intracellular chlamydial inclusions in different cell culture infection models, and similarly on different human or animal chlamydial species. Repeated wIRA applications increase the efficacy of treatment in vitro, and in vivo in a guinea pig ocular model of inclusion conjunctivitis. The guinea pig model reflects the human ocular disease trachoma, the most common cause of infectious blindness worldwide which is caused by ocular strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. In this model, ocular wIRA treatment reduces conjunctival chlamydial load and ocular pathology. First insights into the mechanisms of anti-chlamydial activity indicate the involvement of both thermal and non-thermal effects. Interestingly, wIRA treatment of non-infected cells renders them more resistant to subsequent chlamydial infection, suggesting cell-related mechanisms that might involve cytochrome C. Further studies envisage the refinement of wIRA treatment protocols, the enhancement of anti-chlamydial activity by adding photodynamic substances, and characterization of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefit of wIRA.
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Buchanan, Ruaridh, and Caryn Rosmarin. "Ocular Infections." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0044.
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Pathogens of every type can affect the eye— bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoal, and parasitic. The eye is a complex structure but for the purposes of categorizing infections it can be viewed as a series of layers, which are: ● Conjunctiva ● Cornea ● Vitreous humour ● Retina The bulk of acute conjunctivitis is viral— up to 90% of infection will be due to adenovirus. Enterovirus species can cause acute epidemic haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, e.g. coxsackie A 24 virus, enterovirus 70. Bacterial causes are more common in children than adults and include S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram negatives may cause conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers. It is sometimes possible to differentiate viral from bacterial disease clinically. Where viral conjunctivitis usually results in watery eyes and often comes in concert with a more generalized viral illness, bacterial infection usually occurs in the absence of systemic features and is more likely to be associated with purulent discharge or matting of the eyelids. Viral conjunctivitis does not require specific treatment save in the rare instances where herpes simplex virus is the causative agent—topical aciclovir can then be used. Bacterial infections, however, will resolve more rapidly with topical therapy. A wide range of preparations are available but topical chloramphenicol is the mainstay of treatment. Purulent conjunctivitis in the neonate is often a result of congenitally acquired N. gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis infection. In these circumstances conjunctivitis can be the herald of systemic infection and it is therefore wise to treat both systemically and topically. Swabs can be sent for PCR and culture to identify the pathogen. Chlamydia can be treated with topical and oral azithromycin; gonococcal infection can be treated with topical chloramphenicol and a systemic cephalosporin chosen based on local sensitivity patterns. Sexually active adults can also occasionally suffer from these infections and should be treated similarly. Herpes simplex virus is a relatively common cause, usually inoculated directly into the eye by contaminated fingers. The classic presentation is with a unilateral dendritic ulcer, easily visualized on fluorescein dye staining. Herpes zoster virus can also affect the cornea—reactivation in the distribution of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) results in ophthalmic shingles.
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Riddell, Anna, and Michael Millar. "Pregnancy-Associated Infections." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0048.
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An important consideration in pregnancy is the relationship between infection in the mother and the developing foetus. Infections can indirectly impact the foetus through effects on the mother, for example, maternal urinary tract infection is associated with preterm birth, or can infect the foetus. Routes of infection can be ascending from the birth canal through the cervical os, transplacentally, or rarely, contiguously. The effect on the mother is also important: pregnancy is considered an immunosuppressive state and the growing foetus causes significant mechanical and physiological changes. Although the first trimester is the key developmental phase for the growing foetus, during the third trimester the mother is more susceptible to severe respiratory infection and some viral infections such as varicella zoster virus (VZV), due to the mechanical changes produced by the growing foetus. There is a paucity of evidence supporting the safety of drugs in pregnancy. Use of any medicinal drug in pregnancy, including antibiotics, requires good reasons. The optimum choice of antibiotics depends on the trimester of the pregnancy. In general, beta-lactams are safe and tetracyclines should be avoided throughout pregnancy. Nitrofurantoin is safe until after thirty-five weeks gestation and trimethoprim should be avoided in the first trimester but is safe otherwise (perhaps with folic acid supplementation if < 20 weeks). Specific patterns of colonization and infection of the genitourinary tract can be associated with an increased risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome, particularly preterm birth. Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth, which may extend to infection in the pre-conception period. Bacterial vaginosis is an abnormal pattern of vaginal colonization and is also linked with an increased risk of preterm birth. The US Center for Disease Control recommends screening all pregnant women for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B, symptomatic women for trichomonas and genital herpes, women considered at high risk of preterm birth for bacterial vaginosis, and women at high risk of blood-borne virus infection for hepatitis C. Treatment is administered to reduce the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomonas, and bacterial vaginosis) or to prevent transmission to the infant (herpes, HIV, hepatitis B, and C).
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Alemu Tenaw, Lebeza. "Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Disease." In Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections - New Findings, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105747.
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Sexually transmitted diseases are among the most contagious infections caused by a variety of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Worldwide, the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections has shown a gradual increase in recent years. Common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases are Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Any person with signs or symptoms suggestive of bacterial sexually transmitted infections should receive a test, even if he or she does not have symptoms or know of a sex partner. Bacterial sexually transmitted diseases can be cured with the right treatment. It is important to take all medications based on the prescription to cure the sexually transmitted infection. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally. Gonorrhea strains that are multi-drug resistant have been widely dispersed worldwide. Neisseria gonorrhoeae has a high level of antibiotic resistance, leading to untreatable infections that could one day pose a serious threat to public health and present the greatest obstacles to the prevention and management of sexually transmitted illnesses. Because there is no documented penicillin resistance, penicillin remains the first-line therapy for syphilis.
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Leticia Coronel Martínez, Diana, and Luis Augusto Moya Barquín. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Pediatrics." In Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections - New Findings, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107991.
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The scope of this chapter would be describing bacterial sexually transmitted diseases that are of interest in pediatric population such as gonorrhea and syphilis; currently, this diseases has been reported an increased incidence mostly in adolescents in different regions around the world such as Australia and United States; these diseases sometimes considered anecdotal are always difficult to manage because they are considered taboos; diagnosis and treatment are challenging because of the interaction with the child and his/her parents; other diseases such as chlamydia are also taking a great importance in populations from 10 to 24 years old due to the high transmission, high incidence, and complications such as infertility, almost 80% or chlamydia infections are asymptomatic in women being one of the leading causes of infertility that could be permanent. In this chapter, we will be discussing about the main factors of this diseases, how to manage from pediatric perspective, the most novel diagnostic tests and treatments (if available), and any vaccine development possibilities.
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Dave, Jayshree, and C. Y. William Tong. "Urinary Tract and Genital Infections including Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0042.
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Urethritis, characterized by inflammation of the urethra in men, is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus), Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium. Other causes of non-gonococcal urethritis include ureaplasmas, adenoviruses, and herpes simplex viruses. The presence of urethritis is confirmed by the presence of five or more polymorphs in urethral smear by high-power microscopy. Symptoms can be minor to profound and vary from clear to mucopurulent discharge. Gonococcus is commoner in men who have sex with men (MSM) compared to heterosexuals, and high-risk activities such as chemsex parties increase spread with significant public health consequences. Antibiotic resistance in gonococcus has clinical and public health implications as three cases of extensively drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae with resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC = 0.5 mg/L) and high-level resistance to azithromycin (MIC > 256 mg/L) have been described compromising current treatment recommended by British Association for Sexual Health and HIV Guidelines (BASHH). In England an outbreak of high level azithromycin-resistant gonococcus has also been described by Public Health England (PHE), who alerted clinicians about the need for follow up and test of cure, contact tracing, and treatment failure. C. trachomatis infection can be treated with azithromycin 1g orally as a single dose or with seven days of oral doxycycline. Risk factors for chlamydia include age younger than twenty-five years, multiple sexual partners, and avoidance of barrier methods for contraception. Metronidazole 2g single dose or 400– 500mg twice daily for seven days is recommended for treatment of trichomonas, which can cause a moderate discharge in up to 60% of males. Resistance to azithromycin and doxycycline is common in M. genitalium strains and management of these patients with urethritis requires GUM referral for comprehensive investigation, contact tracing, and public health notification. Molecular methods are used for the diagnosis of these organisms and gonococcal culture is undertaken to obtain antimicrobial susceptibility data from patients with a previous diagnosis by molecular method, in GUM attendees, and their contacts. Herpes simplex infection results in a painful ulcer preceded by a vesicle. The diagnosis can be confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of a swab taken from the vesicle or ulcer.
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"Proctocolitis and enteric sexually acquired infections." In Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health, edited by Laura Mitchell, Bridie Howe, D. Ashley Price, Babiker Elawad, and K. Nathan Sankar, 259–66. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198783497.003.0020.
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This chapter describes the important causes of sexually acquired enteric infections, proctitis, and proctocolitis. The key terms are defined, and the epidemiology and clinical presentations of the conditions are discussed. The bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections are reviewed. Common sexually transmitted causes of proctitis include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K and LGV genotypes), and syphilis; these are on the increase. Non-sexual transmitted causes are outlined, as these can cause proctocolitis and need to be considered in the differential, but can often be distinguished with good history taking. Key investigations are outlined. Specific treatment of some of these are discussed, where not referred to elsewhere.
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Coronel-Martínez, Diana, and Luis Augusto Moya-Barquín. "Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pediatrics." In Primary Health Care. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101674.
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) disproportionately affect young people, with more than half of the infections occurring in 15- to 25-year-olds, although as an age group they constitute only 25% of the sexually active population. Adolescents have been considered as a key and vulnerable population; adolescents are considered as marginalized populations (i.e., poor access to adequate health services, social and parental acceptance, stigmatization, among others. Every year, 87 million new cases of gonorrhea are reported worldwide in the population from 15 to 49 years old. In 2016, the estimated global prevalence of CT in 15-to 49-year-old women was 3.8% and in men 2.7%, with regional values ranging from 1.5 to 7.0% in women and 1.2 to 4.0% in men. The worldwide prevalence of HSV-2 among 15–49-year old is 11.3% and for HSV-1 among 0–49-year-old is 67%. These numbers alert us about the increase in the frequency of these diseases among young populations; more open sexual behavior could be an important factor for this increase; the treatment of these diseases is challenging due to the difficulties with detection and treatment; in the case of gonorrhea, it could become a major public health problem due to the emerging antimicrobial resistance; in the case of Chlamydia, despite the effective treatment, reinfection is still a possibility and for genital herpes, the disease can be controlled but not cured. This chapter will describe the most important aspects of these three diseases for supporting the clinicians and researchers about the management of sexually transmitted diseases in the adolescent population.
Conference papers on the topic "Chlamydia infections Treatment Victoria"
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Borel, Nicole, Jasmin Kuratli, Theresa Pesch, Hanna Marti, and Christian Blenn. "Insights into the working mechanism of water filtered infrared A (wIRA) irradiation on Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E." In Photonic Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, edited by Tianhong Dai. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2287834.
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Baldoni, Gabriela, Gabriela Iribarren, Claudia Garbasz, Pablo Striebeck, Micaela Mayer Wolf, Liliana Fernandez Canigia, and Patricia Galarza. "Persistent and recurrent urethritis due to macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium: first reports in Argentina." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p044.
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Introduction: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is responsible for 15%-20% nongonococcal urethritis in men. In Argentina, the diagnosis is only performed by few laboratories. Single-dose 1 g azithromycin (AZM1D) treatment leads to emergence of macrolide resistance (mutations at 23S rRNA gene, region V, position 2058 or 2059). Recommendations include 5-day AZM (AZM5D) regimen, moxifloxacin as second-line therapy. Doxycycline is only 30% effective. Test of Cure (ToC) is advisable. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the first two clinical cases of persistent and recurrent urethritis due to macrolide-resistant MG in Argentina. Methods: End point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis and ToC. Sanger sequencing analysis of mutations. Results: Case 1: A 26-year-old male patient with occasional heterosexual contacts and no history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) complained urethral thick purulent discharge and dysuria (January 2018), with negative microbiological cultures and Chlamydia trachomatis PCR. The patient received ceftriaxone/AZM1D. However, symptoms persisted (April 2018). Later, doxycycline was prescribed for 1 month. Five days after treatment, the sample was referred to the STI national reference laboratory (NRL) and results were found positive for MG. The patient was given AZM5D. As a result, symptoms disappeared, posterior ToC was found negative, and retrospectively, sequencing 23S rRNA gene showed A2058G transition. Case 2: An 18-year-old male patient with stable heterosexual relationship complained of previous gonococcal urethritis and urethral serous exudate with inflammatory reaction (September 2017), with negative microbiological cultures. The patient received ceftriaxone and AZM1D as initial treatment. Later, he was given doxycycline for 10 days. On February 2018, symptoms reappeared and sample referred to the NRL was positive for MG (negative for other STIs). With AZM1D treatment, symptoms disappeared. After 1 month, the symptoms recurred. Results showed a new MG-positive sample (April 2018). AZM5D administration induced 2 weeks symptoms free and recurrence, requiring moxifloxacin treatment. Symptoms disappeared completely. Posterior ToC is negative. Subsequently, sequencing both samples referred to the NRL showed A2059G transition. Conclusion: The clinical cases presented notified the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of MG infections and use of adequate treatment schemes. We emphasized the relevance of monitoring and surveillance prevalence of macrolide-resistant MG in Argentina.