Journal articles on the topic 'Chitosan nanoparticle'
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1
Wang, Cheng, Hong Lin, and Yu Yue Chen. "Study on the Preparation of Steady-State Chitosan Nanoparticle as Silk-Fabric Finishing Agent." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.745.
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The chitosan nanoparticles can be prepared by ionotropic gelation method in dispersion system. Chitosan nanoparticle has advantages of both the chitosan and the nano particles, and so it has a wide application in the textile finishing field. In this paper, the effects of the concentration of TPP, Span-80, deposited time and pH value on the diameter distribution of the chitosan nanoparticles are discussed in order to obtain the optimized preparation technics of steady state chitosan nanoparticle. The results show that chitosan nanoparticles are successfully prepared by ionotropic gelation method. Under the optimized preparation technics, chitosan nanoparticles disperse homogeneously in the system and have a good steady state. The average diameter of chitosan nanoparticle in the dispersion system is 20.82nm. Compared with the ordinary silk fabric, the B. mori silk fabric treated with chitosan nanoparticle dispersion system has better deepen effect of reactive dyes. The chitosan nanopartilce dispersion system is helpful to improve the dye uptake and dye fixation of silk fabrics.
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Yang, Ming-Hui, Shyng-Shiou Yuan, Ying-Fong Huang, Po-Chiao Lin, Chi-Yu Lu, Tze-Wen Chung, and Yu-Chang Tyan. "A Proteomic View to Characterize the Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticle to Hepatic Cells: Is Chitosan Nanoparticle an Enhancer of PI3K/AKT1/mTOR Pathway?" BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/789591.
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Chitosan nanoparticle, a biocompatible material, was used as a potential drug delivery system widely. Our current investigation studies were the bioeffects of the chitosan nanoparticle uptake by liver cells. In this experiment, the characterizations of chitosan nanoparticles were measured by transmission electron microscopy and particle size analyzer. The average size of the chitosan nanoparticle was224.6±11.2 nm, and the average zeta potential was+14.08±0.7 mV. Moreover, using proteomic approaches to analyze the differential protein expression patterns resulted from the chitosan nanoparticle uptaken by HepG2 and CCL-13 cells identified several proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT1/mTOR pathway. Our experimental results have demonstrated that the chitosan nanoparticle may involve in the liver cancer cell metastasis and proliferation.
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Wang, Cheng, Hong Lin, Yu Yue Chen, and Yan Hua Lu. "Preparation and Application of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Nanoparticle as a Textile Finishing Agent." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.92.
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Due to the advantages of both the chitosan and the nanomaterial, chitosan nanoparticle has a broad application in a lot of fields, such as medicine carrier, food process, cosmetics and agriculture protect. And there also appears a lot of research about chitosan nanoparticle in textile finishing in recent years. In former research, steady state chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation method in dispersion system. In this paper, in order to confirm the preparation of low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticle, it was also characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Focusing on the application value, chitosan nanoparticles dispersion solution were used as one kind of textile finishing agent to modifyB.morisilk fabrics in order to realize the functionalization of silk fabrics. The wrinkle resistance and bacteria repellency of silk fabrics were tested in the paper. The results showed that chitosan nanoparticles were successfully prepared and confirmed accrording to the XRD, FT-IR and TEM tests. In addition, compared with the ordinaryB. morisilk fabric and theB. morisilk fabric treated with chitosan accordingly, theB. morisilk fabrics treated with chitosan nanoparticle dispersion system had better wrinkle resistance and bacteria repellency.
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Verma, Devendra Kumar, Rajdeep Malik, Jagram Meena, and Rashmi Rameshwari. "Synthesis, characterization and applications of chitosan based metallic nanoparticles: A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (May 22, 2021): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2635.
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Chitosan as a natural biopolymer has been produced to be the important host for the preparation of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) because of its excellent characteristics like:- good stabilizing and capping ability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, eco-friendly and non-toxicity properties. Chitosan can play a very important role for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, as chitosan is a cationic polymer. It attracts metal ions and reduces them and also Capps and stabilizes. So basically chitosan can be responsible for the controlled synthesis of metallic nanoparticle. Chitosan has a very good chelating property. This property is due to its –NH2 and –OH functional groups. Size and shape of metallic nanoparticles are much affected by chitosan concentration, molecular weight, time of reaction, degree of acetylation of chitosan, pH of the medium, method of synthesis and type of derivative of chitosan etc. Metallic nanoparticles`s properties and applications are much associated with their size and shape. Optimization of the metallic nanoparticle size and shape has been the subject of curiosity for nanotechnology scientist. Chitosan can solve this problem by applying the optimization conditions. But a very little work is reported about: - how chitosan can affect the size and shape of metallic nanoparticles and how can it reduce metal salts to prepare metallic nanoparticle, stablilized in chitosan metrics. This is very first report as a review article highlighting the effect of chitosan on synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and optimization conditions. This review will also be beneficial for scientist working on food sensing application of nanoparticles. Various synthesis methods and applications of chitosan based metallic nanoparticles have also been reported in details.
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Akmaz, Solmaz, Esra Dilaver Adıgüzel, Muzaffer Yasar, and Oray Erguven. "The Effect of Ag Content of the Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticle Composite Material on the Structure and Antibacterial Activity." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/690918.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties and characterization of chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite materials. Chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite material was synthesized by adding AgNO3and NaOH solutions to chitosan solution at 95°C. Different concentrations (0,02 M, 0,04 M, and 0,06 M) of AgNO3were used for synthesis. Chitosan-silver nanoparticle composite materials were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer techniques.Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andStreptococcus pneumoniaewere used to test the bactericidal efficiency of synthesized chitosan-Ag nanoparticle composite materials. The biological activity was determined by the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of the materials. Antibacterial effect of chitosan-silver nanoparticle materials was increased by increasing Ag amount of the composite materials. The presence of small amount of metal nanoparticles in the composite was enough to significantly enhance antibacterial activity as compared with pure chitosan.
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Vifta, Rissa Laila, and Fania Putri Luhurningtyas. "Nanoparticle from Medinilla speciosa with Various of Encapsulating Agent and Their Antioxidant Activities Using Ferric Reducing Assay." Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev11iss1pp22-29.
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Antioxidants are agents that can reduce free radicals. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa) contains flavonoids that could act as an antioxidant. However, those flavonoids are water-soluble and show low bioavailability. Nanotechnology is a potential approach to improve the bioavailability of flavonoids from Parijoto fruit. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of parijoto nanoparticles with variations of the chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate encapsulants. Secondary metabolites of parijoto fruit were using the maceration method. The synthesis of parijoto nanoparticles was conducted using the ionic gelation method with chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate encapsulation. Parijoto nanoparticle size and distribution were characterized using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The formation of nanoparticles in colloids was determined as a percent. The antioxidant activity of nanoparticle was evaluated using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Chitosan encapsulation produced nanoparticles with a size of 269.3 nm, pdI 0.372 and transmittance 99.379%. Alginate encapsulation produced a particle size of 366.4 nm, pdI 0.589 and transmittance 99.690%. The combination of chitosan/alginate encapsulants produced a particle size of 187.00 nm, pdI 0.239 and transmittance 99.894%. Parijoto nanoparticles obtained from chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate encapsulant showed strong antioxidant powers indicated by IC50 values 2.442±0.047 ppm, 3.175±0.169 ppm and 2.115±0.045 ppm, respectively. Altogether, our study shows that parijoto nanoparticles are potent as antioxidant agents.Keywords: Alginate, antioxidant, chitosan, FRAP, Medinilla speciosa, nanoparticle
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Barbosa, Ana, Sofia Costa Lima, and Salette Reis. "Application of pH-Responsive Fucoidan/Chitosan Nanoparticles to Improve Oral Quercetin Delivery." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020346.
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Polymeric nanoparticles based on fucoidan and chitosan were developed to deliver quercetin as a novel functional food. Through the polyelectrolyte self-assembly method, fucoidan/chitosan (F/C) nanoparticles were obtained with three different weight ratios (1/1, 3/1, and 5/1). The content of quercetin in the fucoidan/chitosan nanoparticles was in the range 110 ± 3 to 335 ± 4 mg·mL−1, with the increase of weight ratio of fucoidan to chitosan in the nanoparticle. Physicochemically stable nanoparticles were obtained with a particle size within the 300–400 nm range and surface potential higher than +30 mV for the 1F/1C ratio nanoparticle and around −30 mV for the 3F/1C and 5F/1C ratios nanoparticles. The 1F/1C ratio nanoparticle became larger and more unstable as the pH increased from 2.5 to 7.4, while the 3F/1C and 5F/1C nanoparticles retained their initial characteristics. This result indicates that the latter nanoparticles were stable along the gastrointestinal tract. The quercetin-loaded fucoidan/chitosan nanoparticles showed strong antioxidant activity and controlled release under simulated gastrointestinal environments (in particular for the 3F/1C and 5F/1C ratios), preventing quercetin degradation and increasing its oral bioavailability.
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Валентина Геннадьевна, Матвеева,, Тихонов, Борис Борисович, Стадольникова, Полина Юрьевна, Лисичкин, Даниил Русланович, Манаенков, Олег Викторович, and Сульман, Михаил Геннадьевич. "OPTIMIZATION OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия, no. 3(49) (October 28, 2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtchem2022.3.2.
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В работе методом ионотропного гелеобразования синтезированы стабильные наночастицы хитозана. Изучены свойства образца хитозана - определены его степень дезацетилирования (83,7%), а также относительная и характеристическая вязкости его растворов. Определены размеры наночастиц и дзета-потенциал методом динамического рассеяния света. Проведено исследование влияния соотношений реагентов - хитозана и триполифосфата натрия на средний диаметр синтезированных частиц и дзета-потенциал. Получены спектры образцов наночастиц в области 400-800 нм, свидетельствующие об образовании агрегатов частиц при определенных соотношениях реагентов. The article describes the synthesis of stable chitosan nanoparticles by ionotropic gelation. The properties of the chitosan sample were studied. A degree of deacetylation was determined to be 83.7%. Moreover, the relative and intrinsic viscosity of chitosane solutions were estimated. Nanoparticle sizes and zeta potential wer determined by dynamic light scattering method. The effect of reagent ratios - chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate - on the average diameter of synthesized particles and zeta-potential was studied. Spectra of nanoparticle samples were obtained in the region of 400-800 nm, indicating the formation of particle aggregates at certain ratios of reagents.
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Wahyuni, S., K. R. P. Wibowo, H. T. Prakoso, M. Bintang, and Siswanto. "Chitosan-Ag nanoparticle antifungal activity against Fusarium sp., causal agent of wilt disease on chili." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012064.
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Abstract Chitosan is a polysaccharides compound derived from nature and has an amine group and a hydroxyl group that gives it unique physicochemical properties, which are polychationic and chelating agent. This shows that chitosan can be used as a stabilizer and reducer of Ag nanoparticles. Unlike other studies, chitosan that was used in this study was derived from Black Soldier Fly exuviae which has been through demineralization, deproteination, depigmentation, and deacetylation processes. This study aims to obtain an alternative environmentally friendly fungicide with Ag-chitosan nanoparticle formulation which has antifungal activity against Fusarium sp. that causes wilt disease in chili plants. We analysed particle size, functional group by FTIR, and antifungal test against Fusarium sp. on 1000, 750, 500, 250, and 100 ppm of chitosan-Ag nanoparticle. The chitosan-Ag nanoparticles have a particle size of 188.4 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.344. FTIR analysis showed that Ag+ ions are successfully grafted into the chitosan matrix. All the chitosan-Ag nanoparticle concentration tested showed significant results with negative and positive control, except the concentration of 100 ppm which is not significantly differ from negative control. The antifungal test showed a concentration of 750 ppm chitosan-Ag nanoparticles had a growth inhibition of 72.17%.
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Smith, Raven A., Rebecca C. Walker, Shani L. Levit, and Christina Tang. "Single-Step Self-Assembly and Physical Crosslinking of PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles by Tannic Acid." Polymers 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050749.
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Chitosan-based nanoparticles are promising materials for potential biomedical applications. We used Flash NanoPrecipitation as a rapid, scalable, single-step method to achieve self-assembly of crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles. Self-assembly was driven by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions; tannic acid served to precipitate chitosan to seed nanoparticle formation and crosslink the chitosan to stabilize the resulting particles. The size of the nanoparticles can be tuned by varying formulation parameters including the total solids concentration and block copolymer to core mass ratio. We demonstrated that hydrophobic moieties can be incorporated into the nanoparticle using a lipophilic fluorescent dye as a model system.
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Deshkar, Sanjeevani, Sumit Sikchi, Anjali Thakre, and Rupali Kale. "Poloxamer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Delivery of Acyclovir." Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 9, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738508666210108121541.
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to design a surface modified chitosan nanoparticle system for vaginal delivery of acyclovir for effective drug uptake into vaginal mucosa. Method: Acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, with and without modification by poloxamer 407, were prepared by ionic gelation method. The effects of two independent variables, chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio (X1) and acyclovir concentration (X2), on drug entrapment in nanoparticles were studied using 32 full factorial design. The surface response and counterplots were drawn to facilitate an understanding of the contribution of the variables and their interaction. The nanoparticles were evaluated for drug entrapment, size with zeta potential, morphological analysis by TEM, solid-state characterization by FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro dissolution, in vitro cell uptake using HeLa cell line and in vivo vaginal irritation test in Wistar rats. Results: Chitosan nanoparticle formulation with chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 2:1 and acyclovir concentration of 2 mg/mL resulted in the highest entrapment efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles revealed spherical morphology with a particle size of 191.2 nm. The surface modification of nanoparticles with poloxamer resulted in higher drug entrapment (74.3±1.5%), higher particle size (391.1 nm) as a result of dense surface coating, lower zeta potential and sustained drug release compared to unmodified nanoparticles. The change in the crystallinity of the drug during nanoparticle formulation was observed in DSC and XRD study. Cellular uptake of poloxamer-modified chitosan nanoparticles was found to be higher than chitosan nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Safety of nanoparticle formulations by vaginal route was evident when tested in female rats. Conclusion: Conclusively, poloxamer-modified CH NP could serve as a promising and safe delivery system with enhanced cellular drug uptake.
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Alhajj, Nasser, Idanawati Naharudin, Paolo Colombo, Eride Quarta, and Tin Wui Wong. "Probing Critical Physical Properties of Lactose-Polyethylene Glycol Microparticles in Pulmonary Delivery of Chitosan Nanoparticles." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101581.
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Pulmonary delivery of chitosan nanoparticles is met with nanoparticle agglomeration and exhalation. Admixing lactose-based microparticles (surface area-weighted diameter~5 μm) with nanoparticles mutually reduces particle agglomeration through surface adsorption phenomenon. Lactose-polyethylene glycol (PEG) microparticles with different sizes, morphologies and crystallinities were prepared by a spray drying method using varying PEG molecular weights and ethanol contents. The chitosan nanoparticles were similarly prepared. In vitro inhalation performance and peripheral lung deposition of chitosan nanoparticles were enhanced through co-blending with larger lactose-PEG microparticles with reduced specific surface area. These microparticles had reduced inter-microparticle interaction, thereby promoting microparticle–nanoparticle interaction and facilitating nanoparticles flow into peripheral lung.
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Atun, Sri. "CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOPARTICLES PRODUCED BY CHLOROFORM FRACTION OF KAEMPFERIA ROTUNDA RHIZOME LOADED WITH ALGINIC ACID AND CHITOSAN AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY TEST." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.16936.
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Objective: The main objectives of this research are to characterize of nanoparticles produced by chloroform fraction of K. rotunda loaded with alginic acid and combination alginic acid-chitosan, and its biological activity test. Methods: Chloroform fraction of K. rotunda was loaded on alginic acid and combination of alginic acid-chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation method in various compositions. Characterizations of the products were investigated in particle size, zeta potential, and morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The biological activity of the products as an antioxidant was tested by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The cytotoxic effect was analysed using MTT [3-(4,5 dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoilium bromide] assay.Result:The nanoparticles alginic acid can be synthesized at the optimal mass ratio range of alginic acid : CaCl2 of 10 :1 (% w/v),the percentage nanoparticle products was100%, the size range of the nanoparticles were 87 to 584 nm, with a zeta potential of -39.0 mV, and the morphology shows a spherical shape and smooth surface. Furthermore, nanoparticles result from the combination of alginic acid-chitosan at the optimal mass ratio range of alginic acid : chitosan of 10 :1 (% w/v) and added calsium ion at 0.015% w/v, the percentage nanoparticle products was100%, the size range of the nanoparticle were 87 to 877 nm, with a zeta potential of -27.1 mV, and the morphology shows a form of rectangular beam.Conclusion: The nanoparticle products of chloroform fraction of K. rotunda loaded alginic acid and combination alginic acid-chitosan were successfully obtained by ionic gelation method. The nanoparticle products show lower activity in antioxidant and cytotoxic effect against human breast cancer T47D cell lines than the starting material chloroform fraction of K. rotunda.Keywords: Alginic acid, Chitosan, Nanoparticles, Kaempferia rotunda, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic effect, Human breast cancer T47D cell lines.
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Reddy, Desu N. K., Fu-Yung Huang, Shao-Pin Wang, and Ramya Kumar. "Synergistic Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin-C3 Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 39 (November 10, 2020): 5021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200609164830.
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Background: Recent studies have focused on the nanoformulations of curcumin to enhance its solubility and bioavailability. The medicinal properties of curcumin-C3 complex, which is a combination of three curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) is less explored. Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare curcumin-C3 encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, characterize and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial potential. Methods: Ionic gelation method was used to prepare curcumin-C3 nanoparticles and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. In vitro assays were performed to assess drug release, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Results: Curcumin-C3-chitosan nanoparticle showed an increased entrapment efficiency of >90%, drug release and improved antioxidant potential. Moreover, curcumin-C3-chitosan nanoparticle showed stronger inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Chitosan is a suitable carrier for curcumin-C3 nanoparticle and can be used as a drug delivery system in the treatment of inflammatory and bacterial diseases.
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Negi, Arvind, and Kavindra Kumar Kesari. "Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation of Antibacterial Essential Oils." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081265.
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Chitosan is the most suitable encapsulation polymer because of its natural abundance, biodegradability, and surface functional groups in the form of free NH2 groups. The presence of NH2 groups allows for the facile grafting of functionalized molecules onto the chitosan surface, resulting in multifunctional materialistic applications. Quaternization of chitosan’s free amino is one of the typical chemical modifications commonly achieved under acidic conditions. This quaternization improves its ionic character, making it ready for ionic–ionic surface modification. Although the cationic nature of chitosan alone exhibits antibacterial activity because of its interaction with negatively-charged bacterial membranes, the nanoscale size of chitosan further amplifies its antibiofilm activity. Additionally, the researcher used chitosan nanoparticles as polymeric materials to encapsulate antibiofilm agents (such as antibiotics and natural phytochemicals), serving as an excellent strategy to combat biofilm-based secondary infections. This paper provided a summary of available carbohydrate-based biopolymers as antibiofilm materials. Furthermore, the paper focuses on chitosan nanoparticle-based encapsulation of basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum), mandarin essential oil (Citrus reticulata), Carum copticum essential oil (“Ajwain”), dill plant seed essential oil (Anethum graveolens), peppermint oil (Mentha piperita), green tea oil (Camellia sinensis), cardamom essential oil, clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata), cumin seed essential oil (Cuminum cyminum), lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon commutatus), summer savory essential oil (Satureja hortensis), thyme essential oil, cinnamomum essential oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and nettle essential oil (Urtica dioica). Additionally, chitosan nanoparticles are used for the encapsulation of the major essential components carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, the encapsulation of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion of eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus), the encapsulation of a mandarin essential oil nanoemulsion, and the electrospinning nanofiber of collagen hydrolysate–chitosan with lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oil.
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Fitriagustiani, Fitriagustiani, Apon Zaenal Mustopa, Sri Budiarti, Mega Ferdina Warsito, Riyona Desvy Pratiwi, Dian Fitria Agustiyanti, and Maritsa Nurfatwa. "Formulation and Characterization of Alginate Coated Chitosan Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Protein for Oral Delivery System." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 18 (August 28, 2022): 5797. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.5797.
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Nanoparticles have been promptly studied and developed for oral protein delivery. Selection of excipients and formulation method depends on the physicochemical characteristics of the protein carried. Therefore, this study aims to design a formulation and characterize the alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles which carried different protein. Alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles were formed using an ionic gelation method. Optimization was done by varying the parameter such as crosslinker concentration, agitation method, rate, and time. The results show that chitosan nanoparticles formed by sonication using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP): chitosan (1:0.8) was the best method to form nanoparticles. The particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme nanoparticles were 812.2 nm and 0.412 for BSA while 793.3 nm and 0.438 for lysozyme. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) of BSA is 52 % and lysozyme is 68 %. In vitro tests on acidic/gastric conditions showed that lysozyme (±32 %) was released faster than BSA (±10 %) during the 24 h incubation. Under neutral/terminal intestine conditions, percentage of BSA (±17 %) release is slightly higher than lysozyme (±13 %) for 8 h incubation period. It was concluded that the formulation of alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles in this study appears to be more effective for BSA delivery than lysozyme.
HIGHLIGHTS
Nanoparticle vesicular system is an effective approach for protein drug delivery system
Factors affecting the formation of chitosan nanoparticle are crosslinker concentration, agitation method, rate, and time
Alginate coated chitosan nanoparticle was more effective for oral delivery of BSA compared to lysozyme
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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ALI, SYED WAZED, MANGALA JOSHI, and SUBBIYAN RAJENDRAN. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES WITH ENHANCED ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 04n05 (August 2011): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x1100868x.
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The present paper demonstrates how the antimicrobial properties of chitosan can be enhanced by converting it into nanoparticles of desired size and surface charge using TPP (tripolyphosphate) initiated gelation process. It has been investigated and found that ionic gelation of cationic chitosan macromolecules offers a flexible and easily controllable process for systematically and predictably manipulating the particle size and surface charge of chitosan nano-particles which is an important property for antimicrobial effect. Variations in chitosan to TPP weight ratio, pH of chitosan solution and chitosan solution concentration during nanoparticle formation were examined systematically for their effects on nanoparticle size, intensity of surface charge, so as to enable faster synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles with desired properties to have optimum antimicrobial property. The data on particle size and zeta potential was obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic mobility measurement of the chitosan nanoparticles respectively. UV-VIS absorption of bacterial suspension was measured at 610 nm to evaluate the bacterial reduction. Solution pH of chitosan was demonstrated to be the most critical factor in controlling particle size and surface charge. At very strong acidic condition of chitosan solution, cross-linking was less resulting in lower conversion of chitosan to chitosan nanoparticles which was reaffirmed by colloidal titration of the surface groups of the chitosan nanoparticles with negatively charged polyelectrolytes poly(vinyl sulfate kalium salt). It was found that variation in size and surface charge of chitosan nanoparticles could be achieved by changing all the above mentioned process parameters and resulted in significant variation in their antimicrobial activity.
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Bertholon, Isabelle, Gilles Ponchel, Denis Labarre, Patrick Couvreur, and Christine Vauthier. "Bioadhesive Properties of Poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles Coated with Polysaccharide." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 3102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.418.
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Development of bioadhesive nanoparticles is of great interest to improve drug absorption through the intestinal barrier. Various Polysaccharide-coated poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles were prepared. The bioadhesive properties of the nanoparticles coated with dextran or chitosan in end-on or side-on conformation were evaluated with an ex-vivo adsorption experiment on rat intestine. Results show that diffusion of nanoparticles in mucus layer was governed by the nanoparticle diameter and isotherms of adsorption were influenced by the nature of polysaccharide used. High amount of nanoparticles coated with chitosan can be entrapped in the mucus layer even at low nanoparticle concentration in suspension. When nanoparticle concentration increased, a pseudo-plateau was reached. In the case of dextran-coated nanoparticles, linear increase of adsorption was observed and no saturation phenomenon was highlighted over the range of nanoparticle concentration used in this study. These results suggested that interactions involved in bioadhesion mechanism depended on the nature of polysaccharide. Electrostatic interactions are enhanced between chitosan-coated nanoparticles and glycoproteins of mucus leading to a saturated adsorption phenomenon whereas dextran-coated nanoparticles interacted by non-electrostatic interactions with mucus resulting in a non-saturated phenomenon. Polysaccharides grafted at the nanoparticle surface in the brush conformation appeared more favorable to promote interactions of nanoparticles with glycoproteins of mucus in comparison with the more compact loop conformation of polysaccharide chains.
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Dung, Tran Huu, Seung-Rok Lee, Suhk-Dong Han, Seon-Jeong Kim, Yeon-Mi Ju, Myong-Soo Kim, and Hoon Yoo. "Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticle as a Release System of Antisense Oligonucleotide in the Oral Environment." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 3695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.041.
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Antisense oligonucleotide loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and the release of oligonucleotide from chitosan-TPP/oligonucleotide nanoparticles was investigated. Morphological property, zeta potential and particle size of the prepared chitosan/oligonucleotide nanoparticles were investigated using Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and particle size analyzer. The interaction between chitosan and oligonucleotide was confirmed by using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), and the released oligonucleotides were determined by spectrophotometric method. Oligonucleotides formed the complexes with chitosan with a unique morphological property. The release of oligonucleotides from nanoparticles was dependent on loading methods and pH conditions. Chitosan/oligomer-TPP nanoparticles, which was prepared by adding TPP after the formation of chitosan/oligonucleotide complex, showed the lowest release percent of oligonucleotides with 41.3% at pH 7.0 among the loading methods. The percent release of oligonucleotide from oligonucleotide loaded chitosan nanoparticle at pH 10 was higher than the one in acidic condition (pH 5.0). The released oligonucleotides from chitosan/oligonucleotide nanoparticles were stable enough for 12 h under the 20% saliva solution. Our results suggest that the sustained release of oligonucleotide from chitosan nanoparticles may be suitable for the local therapeutic application in periodontal diseases.
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Rajaduraipandian Subramanian, Amutha Eswaran, Gandhimathi Sivasubramanian, and Annadurai Gurusamy. "Synthesis and Characterization of CSNP-SiO₂ nanocomposite by using antibacterial activity." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.187.
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Because of its promising biological achievements, the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticle-based products, and their applications has piqued the interest of many researchers. Inorganic nanomaterials, on the other hand, are well known to be effective antimicrobial agents. Metal nanoparticles, such as Silicon dioxide, are particularly important among the various nanoparticles due to their low cost and ease of availability. Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin, a natural polysaccharide that follows cellulose as the second most abundant polysaccharide. The Precipitation Method was used to create a Chitosan Nanoparticle with SiO2 Nanocomposite (CSNP - SiO2 nanocomposite). TGA, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, PSA, UV, and FL were used to characterize the Chitosan Nanoparticle with SiO2 Nanocomposite. The findings showed that bio-nanocomposites have a greater antibacterial effect due to the combined effect of CS and nanoparticles (NPs). Chitosan/SiO2 nanocomposites were tested for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The goal was to assess their physical, mechanical, and biological properties, as well as their potential for biomedical applications.
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A.Asha, A. Asha, and G. S. Prabha Littis Malar. "Cytotoxicity, Antidiabetic and Anticancer Studies of Insulin and Curcumin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 1653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2503.
Full textAbstract:
Cytotoxicity measurement is needed for all drug-loaded nanoparticles. Because, if the nanoparticles have toxicity means, the drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles cannot be used for the drug delivery. Generally cell viability is measured in the cytotoxicity measurement. In this work, the nanoparticle have synthesized from the natural polymeric material. These nanoparticles have been prepared using a nano-precipitation technique. Drugs, Insulin and Curcumin are added to these synthesized nanoparticles. This drug was coated on the surface of the nanoparticles to enhance the biocompatibility. These drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles are used for the drug delivery. L929 cells have been to prove the cytotoxicity of these drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles by Neutral red assay method. From the cytotoxicity assay TPIG, TPCG and CCIG, CCCG nanoparticles are not cytotoxic. Insulin-loaded Tapioca/pectin and a Casein/chitosan nanoparticle were used to study the anti- diabetic assay. Curcumin-loaded Tapioca/pectin and Casein/Chitosan nanoparticle were used for Anti-cancer studies, by making use of Human Osteosarcoma cells (HOS). From these studies, the Insulin and Curcumin-loaded Tapioca/pectin and Casein/chitosan nanoparticles are not cytotoxic, and they can be used for drug delivery.
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Xie, Yi Hui, Yu Tian Zhang, Xiu Zhen Huang, Yan Hua Ding, and Li Ping Huang. "Preparation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticles and Separation of Chinese Medicines Components." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.304.
Full textAbstract:
Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method. Microwave synthesis method changed the property of the surface of chitosan, and the carboxymethyl chitosan was prepared. The carboxymethyl chitosan magnetic nanoparticle was prepared by microwave synthesis. Carboxymethyl chitosan magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by IR and SEM methods. The application conditions are discussed. Using this material to separate the alkaloid of Evodia rutaecarpa will greatly shorten the time than traditional separation method. The components will be more pure.
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Risnawati, Risnawati, Mohammad Wijaya M, and Hasri Hasri. "Sintesis Nanopartikel Kitosan-tripolifosfat menggunakan Metode Gelasi Ionik." Chemica: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia 19, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/chemica.v19i2.12773.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis nanopartikel kitosan menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Tahapan sintesis meliputi: pembuatan larutan kitosan 0,2% menggunakan asam sitrat 5%, sintesis Nanopartikel Kitosan dengan Na-TPP sebagai pengikat silang, dilanjutkan dengan uji kestabilan nanopartikel menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil sintesis nanopatikel dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR, PSA dan uji kadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suspensi nanopartikel kitosan-TPP tetap stabil selama penyimpanan 1 hari dan setelah freeze drying diperoleh serbuk berwarna putih dengan kadar air sebesar 7,25%. Hasil Karakterisasi FT-IR mengindikasikan bahwa sintesis nanopatikel telah terbentuk, hal ini dapat dilihat terjadinya pergeseran puncak serapan gugus fungsi sebelum dan setelah terbentuk nanopartikel kitosan. Hasil analisis PSA diperoleh ukuran partikel sebesar 7270,9 nm. Berdasarkan hal tersebut disimpulkan bahwa sintesis nanopartikel kitosan dapat dilakukan dengan metode gelasi ionik dengan kestabilan selama satu hari.
Kata kunci: Gelasi ionik, Kitosan-TPP, Nanopartikel
ABSTRACT
This experiment aimed to synthesize of chitosan nanoparticles using ionic gelation method. Synthesis stages include: preparation of 0.2% chitosan solution using 5% citric acid, synthesis chitosan nanoparticles with Na-TPP as crosslinker, followed by a test of the stability of the nanoparticles using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of synthesis nanopaticles were characterized using FT-IR, PSA and test water content. The results showed that the nanoparticles of chitosan-TPP suspension remained stable for 1 day storage time and after freeze drying obtained in the form white powder with a water content of 7.25%. Characterization of FT-IR results indicate that the synthesis nanopaticles been formed, it can be seen a shift of the absorption peak of functional groups before and after the formation of chitosan nanoparticles. PSA analysis results obtained that particle size at 7270.9 nm. Based on this it was concluded that synthesis of chitosan nanoparticle can be performed with ionic gelation method with stability during one day.
Keywords: Gelasi ionic, Chitosan-TPP, Nanoparticles
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Ataide, Janaína Artem, Eloah Favero Gérios, Letícia Caramori Cefali, Ana Rita Fernandes, Maria do Céu Teixeira, Nuno R. Ferreira, Elias Basile Tambourgi, et al. "Effect of Polysaccharide Sources on the Physicochemical Properties of Bromelain–Chitosan Nanoparticles." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101681.
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Bromelain, a set of proteolytic enzymes potential pharmaceutical applications, was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles to enhance enzyme stability, and the effect of different chitosan sources was evaluated. Chitosan types (i.e., low molecular weight chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide lactate, and chitosan from shrimp shells) produced nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties, however in all cases, particle size and zeta potential decreased, and polydispersity index increased after bromelain addition. Bromelain encapsulation was higher than 84% and 79% for protein content and enzymatic activity, respectively, with low molecular weight chitosan presenting the highest encapsulation efficiency. Nanoparticle suspension was also tested for accelerated stability and rheological behavior. For the chitosan–bromelain nanoparticles, an instability index below 0.3 was recorded and, in general, the loading of bromelain in chitosan nanoparticles decreased the cohesiveness of the final suspension.
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Vedavahini, Parankusham, and Chintha Sailu. "Comparative Study of Chitosan and Carboxy Methyl Chitosan Nanoparticles in Mefenamic Acid Drug Delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3.3980.
Full textAbstract:
Nanoparticle based technologies improve the efficiency and speed of already existing processes.The larger size materials and reagents which are in reactive form, can be nanosized to give efficient output. Chitosan and the carboxy methyl chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by using solvent evaporation nanoprecpitation method, loaded with mefenamic acid, (anthranilic acid derivative) a poorly aqueous soluble drug. Mefenamic acid, if used as conventional dosage form, duration of action was 6 hours; when the drug loaded into Chitosan and the carboxy methyl chitosan nanoparticles the drug release profile was up to 26hrs. The particle size, entrapment efficiency, poly dispersity index, drug loading, drug release profiles of mefenamic acid were compared for both nanoparticles and it was observed that carboxy methyl chitosan nanoparticles released mefenamic acid more effectively than chitosan nanoparticles.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Chitosan, Carboxy methyl chitosan, Mefenamic acid
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Fatoni, Ahmad, Ensiwi Munarsih, Kadek Asmadi, and Nurlisa Hidayati. "Synthesis and Characterization Chitosan-ZnO nanoparticle and Its Application as Antibacterial Agent of Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923." Science and Technology Indonesia 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2020.5.1.1-5.
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The synthesis of modified chitosan has been studied. The aims of this research were modification of chitosan with ZnO nanoparticle to form chitosan-ZnO nanoparticle and its application as antibacterial agent of Staphylococus aureus. Characterization of modified chitosan was conducted using FTIR spectroscopy and X-Ray diffractometer. ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized by leaf extract of Sirih hijau (piper betle L) and zinc acetate dihydrate. Modified chitosan was synthesized by chitosan and ZnO nanoparticle. Modified chitosan solution can act as antibacterial agent with paper disk method. The result showed that chitosan can be modified with ZnO nanoparticle and detected at wave number of 3427 cm−1. The crystalline size of ZnO nanoparticle is 16.47 nm. The average inhibition zone of chitosan-ZnO nanoparticle at concentration 10.000, 5.000 and 2.500 ppm are 28.87 ± 0.4 ; 24.93 ± 0.15 and 19.35 ± 0.3 mm respectively.
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Gong, Ming, Zhu Feng Li, Qi Wang, Kai Li Sheng, Xiao Qin Wang, and Yong Kuan Gong. "Fabrication of Cell Outer Membrane Mimetic Surfaces on Chitosan Nanoparticles by Polyionic Complex and Template Polymerization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 618 (August 2014): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.335.
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The polyanion of copolymer poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-methacrylic acid) (PMA30) was synthesized by free radical polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and methacrylic acid (MA). The synthesized PMA30 was assembled on chitosan (CS) surfaces formation of chitosan nanoparticles by polyionic complex. The chitosan nanoparticle was prepared using methacrylic acid (MA), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) by template polymerization. The size distribution and structure properties of chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential. These results show that a cell outer membrane mimetic surface was formed on the chitosan nanoparticles, which provides an effective way to improve the biocompatibility of chitosan nanoparticles.
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Slamet, Riskiono. "PELAPISAN CABE MERAH DENGAN NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN UNTUK MENGHAMBAT KEHILANGAN VITAMIN C DAN SUSUT BOBOT." JRSKT - Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jrskt.011.01.
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In this research the possible use of chitosan nanoparticle coating on green peppers (Capsium annuum L) after harvesting and to determined the effect of chitosan nanoparticle coating formulation to control the barrier properties toward water and oxygen.was investigated. Manually green peppers were treated with a solution of 1% ,2% and 3% nanoparticle chitosan and then stored at 200C. The parameters of physcochemical properties such as weight loss and ascorbic acid concentrations, were monitored during storage 4 days until 16 days. Results indicated that the physicochemical properties of weight loss and ascorbic concentration did not show remarkable change during storage period. and the longest storage life 16 The best quality of greeen peppers days were obtained from the chitosan nanoparticle coating at 3% concentration.The results suggest that the biodegradable coating with higher water vapour permeability can be used to maintain the quality and sanitary conditions of freshly harvested green peppers in modified atmosphere packaging.
Keywords :chitosan nanoparticle, green pepper, vitamin C, total weight
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi nanopartikel kitosan yang terhadap kandungan vitamin C dan susut bobot cabe merah. Cabe merah dilapis dengan larutan nanopartikel kitosan, disimpan pada suhu 200C, dan kandungan vitamin C serta susur bobot diukur setiap 4 hari sekali selama 16 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cabe merah yang dilapis dengan larutan yang mengandung nanopartikel kitosan 3%, kehilangan vitamin C sebesar 30% pada hari ke 12, sementara cabe merah yang tidak dilapis, kehilangan vitamin C sebesar 53,8%. Sementara kehilangan susut bobot juga menunjukkan pola yang sama dengan vitamin C. Hasil terbaik diperoleh jika cabe merah dilapis dengan larutan yang mengandung 3% nanopartikel kitosan.
kata kunci : nanopartikel kitosan, cabe hijau, vitamin C, jumlah bobot
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Worawong, Apichaya, and Wandee Onreabroy. "Synthesis of Chitosan-Coated Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nanoparticles for Contrast Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Coatings 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020276.
Full textAbstract:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique that is widely used for the identification of internal organs, and for the medical diagnosis of tumors and cancer in the body. In general, gadolinium is used as a contrast agent to enhance image contrasting in MRI. In this study, chitosan-coated Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a co-precipitation method with a calcination temperature of 500 °C. The nanoparticles were then coated with chitosan and treated under an external magnetic field of 400 mT. X-ray diffractometer results showed that the chitosan-coated Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles had a pure phase of Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 at the (3 1 1) plane, with an average particle size of 26 nm. The presence of chitosan on the Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed the primary amine and secondary amine functional groups of chitosan. Here, coating the nanoparticle with chitosan not only prevented nanoparticle agglomeration, but also improved the particle surface charge and reduced the particle toxicity for in vivo testing. Vibrating sample magnetometer results showed that the maximum magnetization value of the magnetic field-assisted process was increased to 8.85 emu/g. Finally, chitosan-coated Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles with 400 mT of magnetic field assistance increased the average brightness in MRI of mouse liver by 21% compared to using gadolinium.
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Windy, Yuditha Mutia, Khaliza Natasya Dilla, Jesika Claudia, Noval Noval, and Ali Rakhman Hakim. "Karakterisasi dan Formulasi Nanopartikel Ekstrak Tanaman Bundung (Actinoscirpus grossus) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Basis Kitosan dan Na-TPP Menggunakan Metode Gelasi Ionik." Jurnal Surya Medika 8, no. 3 (December 26, 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v8i3.4495.
Full textAbstract:
Bundung plant extract contains flavonoid secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to kill Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and inhibit the fungus Candida albicans. Its utilization uses nanoparticle technology because the ability to penetrate cell walls can be penetrated by the size of colloidal particles. Nanoparticles are technologies that have a size of 10-1000 nm. The formation of nanoparticles using chitosan polymer and Na-TPP can produce preparations with good stability. This study aims to determine the characterization and formulation of nanoparticles and the effect of the concentration of chitosan and Na-TPP on the characterization of nanoparticles of plant extracts. This research is an experimental laboratory with a quasi-experimental design method and a one-group posttest-only research design. Bundung plant extracts formulated into nanoparticles with various concentrations of formula 1 (chitosan 0.1% and Na-TPP 0.2%), formula 2 (chitosan 0.15% and Na-TPP 0.15%), and formula 3 (chitosan 0.2% and Na-TPP 0.1%). Then organoleptic and characterization tests were carried out in particle size tests, zeta potential, and data were analyzed by ANOVA. All formulas showed nanoparticle size. The results of the nanoparticle characterization of the extract of the Bundung plant showed that F2 was the formula with the smallest particle size of 328.8 nm, but for the zeta potential value, the stable formula was F3 because it had a zeta potential value close to +/-30mV, i.e., 10.4mV. The statistical results of One Way ANOVA show that the significance value is <0.05, which means that there is an effect of variations in the concentration of chitosan and Na-TPP. Variations in the concentration of chitosan and Na-TPP in each formula can affect the particle size and zeta potential value.
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Louisa, Melva, Putrya Hawa, Purwantyastuti Purwantyastuti, Etik Mardliyati, and Hans-Joachim Freisleben. "Primaquine-chitosan Nanoparticle Improves Drug Delivery to Liver Tissue in Rats." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (July 15, 2022): 1278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10005.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:
Primaquine is one of the essential medicines used to treat malaria due to Plasmodium vivax. Primaquine acts by eradicating hypnozoites in the liver, and its effect is dependent on the drug concentrations in the target tissue. The present study aimed to prepare primaquine in nanoparticle formulation using chitosan as carriers and improve on-target primaquine delivery to the liver.
Methods: Primaquine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method variations. Then, the resulting primaquine-chitosan nanoparticles were administered to the rats and compared with conventional primaquine. Afterward, plasma and liver concentrations of primaquine were quantified.
Results: The primaquine-chitosan nanoparticles obtained were at 47.9 nm. The area under the curve for primaquine-chitosan nanoparticles resulted lower in the area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax, 0.46 and 0.42 times of conventional primaquine, respectively. However, no differences were found in time to reach Cmax (Tmax). Primaquine liver concentrations obtained with primaquine-chitosan nanoprimaquine resulted in 3 times higher than primaquine concentration.
Conclusion: Enhanced drug delivery to rat liver tissue by primaquine-chitosan nanoparticles may improve on-target drug delivery to the liver, enhance primaquine ant hypnozoites effects, and reduce unwanted side effects in the circulation.
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Suryadi, Yadi, I. Made Samudra, Mitha Eka Puteri, and Tetty Kemala. "Effect of Piper betle Leaf Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nano Particle as Fruit-Coating Assay to Control Anthracnose on Mango." Journal Of Agrobiotechnology 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jab.2020.11.1.184.
Full textAbstract:
Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is one of the plants being used for traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to determine betel leaf extract-chitosan nanoparticles to control anthracnose disease on mango. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate as cross-linking agent. Characterization of the betel leaf extract was done by pyrolysis GC-MS; while chitosan nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and PSA analysis. The results showed that the green betel leaf extract contains 71.18 + 0.3% of antifungal phenolic compounds. The most phenolic compounds and their derivatives in the betel leaf extract was 1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzotriazole. Chitosan hydrolysis reduced the chitosan MW from 754.89 kDa to 245.85 kDa. Based on FTIR analysis, hydrolysis treatment and the addition of extract affected the existence of chitosan functional group, and wave numbers. The absorption of aromatic groups was observed at 1000 - 650 cm-1 wave numbers. The sizes of particle were ranged from 101 + 6.25 nm to 431.1 + 4.32 nm. The size of chitosan without hydrolysis was bigger than that of chitosan with hydrolysis. The SEM morphology of the chitosan nanoparticle-betel leaf extract was spherical shape. Chitosan hydrolysis treatment had a higher antifungal effect than that of chitosan without hydrolysis. The mass ratio of chitosan nanoparticles and betel leaf extracts (3:1; v/v) of both without hydrolysis and with hydrolysis was found as a good formula in suppressing anthracnose on mangoes with the degree of disease inhibition of 85.88% and 98.82%, respectively. The betel leaf extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticle treatment may offer the fruit shelf life up to 6 days.
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Deekshitha H M, Namratha S Saraf, Kulkarni P K, Akhila A R, and Jayaprakash J S. "Formulation and evaluation of antifungal agent in a hydrogel containing nanoparticle of low molecular weight chitosan." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1814.
Full textAbstract:
The research aimed to formulate and prepare hydrogel of low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles with the help of antifungal agents such as clotrimazole and Nystatin for the topical application. Using the ionic gelation process, placebo and nanoparticles containing drugs were prepared. By cationic interaction is suitable for pH, and gel sodium tripolyphosphate is used as a crosslinker which cross-links the chitosan particles to form the gel, interaction between drug and polymer was observed during the formulation development. Formulated nanoparticle with chitosan and nystatin and clotrimazole showed the mean diameter 273.7nm, 983nm, and 501nm. Clotrimazole and Nystatin had encapsulation capacity was about 74.6% and 63.0%, respectively. In vitro drug release at pH 4.7 chitosan molecules are examined for the version of clotrimazole and nystatin.it has noticed that both the formulation shows sustained drug release about 12 hours. Using SEM, nanoparticles are directed for surface morphology character; it shows that nanoparticles are smooth and spherical in structure. Chitosan itself has the antimicrobial property; it was carried out for the antifungal activity against the fungus Candida Albicans along with the prepared formulations drugs for the comparative study. And the result showed that clotrimazole had maximum fungal growth inhibition next followed by the nystatin and chitosan is least. This inhibitory effect was due to the parameter such as zeta potential and particle size of chitosan nanoparticles. And it shows the least antifungal activity of nanoparticles, which are formulated from the TMC. Hence CTZ and Chitosan were formulated and applied as a natural antifungal agent into nanoparticle to increase the fungal activity. According to the ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines, stability studies are conducted to prove no degradation of the drug. The prepared formulation of chitosan nanoparticles based hydrogel incorporated with clotrimazole and nystatin are promising and significant properties for the efficient treatment of topical fungal infections
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Jampafuang, Yattra, Anan Tongta, and Yaowapha Waiprib. "Impact of Crystalline Structural Differences Between α- and β-Chitosan on Their Nanoparticle Formation Via Ionic Gelation and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122010.
Full textAbstract:
α- and β-Chitosan nanoparticles were obtained from shrimp shell and squid pen chitosan with different set of deacetylation degree (%DD) and molecular weight (MW) combinations. After nanoparticle formation via ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), the % crystallinity index (%CI) of the α- and β-chitosan nanoparticles were reduced to approximately 33% and 43% of the initial %CI of the corresponding α- and β-chitosan raw samples, respectively. Both forms of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles scavenged superoxide radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The %CI of α- and β-chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles was significantly negatively correlated with superoxide radical scavenging abilities over the range of concentration (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/mL) studied. High %DD, and low MW β-chitosan exhibited the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (p < 0.05). α- and β-Chitosan nanoparticles prepared from high %DD and low MW chitosan demonstrated the highest abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals at 2.0–3.0 mg/mL (p < 0.05), whereas α-chitosan nanoparticles, with the lowest %CI, and smallest particle size (p < 0.05), prepared from medium %DD, and medium MW chitosan showed the highest abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals at 0.5–1.0 mg/mL (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that α- and β-chitosan nanoparticles had superior superoxide radical scavenging abilities than raw chitosan samples.
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Patel, J. K., and N. P. Jivani. "Chitosan Based Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2009): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2009.2.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
Nanoparticles have gained considerable attention in recent years as one of the most promising drug delivery systems owing to their unique potentials via combining the different characteristics of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity with a nanoparticle (e.g., very small size). Several polymeric nanoparticulate systems have been prepared and characterized in recent years, based on both natural and synthetic polymers, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Among the natural polymers, chitosan has been studied extensively for preparation of nanoparticles. Chitosan nanoparticles have been reported with different characteristics with respect to drug delivery. This review presents various types of chitosan based nanoparticles in drug delivery.
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Wardani, G., Ernawati, K. Eraiko, and S. A. Sudjarwo. "The Role of Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii Extract Nanoparticle in against Lead Acetate-Induced Toxicity in Rat Pancreas." Veterinary Medicine International 2019 (November 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9874601.
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Lead is one of the heavy metals with oxidative stress that causes toxicity in human and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii extract nanoparticle on lead acetate-induced toxicity in rat pancreas. Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticles were identified by Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The male rats used were divided into a control group (treated with distilled water), lead acetate group (injected with lead acetate at 20 mg/kg BW i.p), and the treatment group (treated orally with Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle at 150 mg; 300 mg; 600 mg/kg BW and injected with lead acetate at 20 mg/kg BW i.p). Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and insulin level. The pancreas tissues were also collected to evaluate the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and histological evaluations of cell damage. The PSA showed that the size of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle was 530.2 ± 38.27 nm. The SEM images revealed an irregular shape, and the morphology showed a rough surface. Administration of lead acetate resulted in a significant increase in glucose and MDA levels as well as a decrease in the level of insulin, SOD and GPx when compared with the control group, while that of 600 mg/kg BW of Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle gave a polar result. The lead acetate induced loss of pancreatic cells normal structure and necrosis, while Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle inhibited it. It could be concluded that Chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle has a potential to be a powerful agent and may be useful as an antioxidant against free radical-induced oxidative stress and pancreatic cell damage mediated by lead acetate intoxication.
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Yusof, N. B., and A. Abdul Aziz. "Encapsulation and characterization of Garcinia atroviridis rinds water extracts loaded nanoparticles." Food Research 4, S2 (September 5, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).s08.
Full textAbstract:
Garcinia atroviridis fruit has been shown to express anti-obesity activity as a result of its bioactive compound, hydroxycitric acid (HCA). HCA is effective in decreasing appetite, inhibiting fat synthesis, and reducing body weight. However, HCA is very unstable towards certain conditions thus limiting its bioavailability. To overcome the issue of HCA instability, HCA was encapsulated in chitosan (CS) nanoparticles in this study. CS nanoparticles were prepared based on ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent. The concentration of chitosan and TPP: chitosan volume ratios were varied and the resulting nanoparticles were characterized based on zeta potential, particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and kinetics release. The most optimum nanoparticle was obtained with a combination of 1.5 mg/mL chitosan with a CS: TPP volume ratio of 4: 1. Zeta potential was measured by approximately 49 mV. The size of the particle at optimum condition was found to be 140 nm and the nanoparticle had high encapsulation efficiency (87.55±5.35%). G. atroviridis extract release from CS nanoparticles followed either Higuchi or Korsmeyer Peppas kinetic model. FT-IR studies indicated that G. atroviridis was encapsulated in CS nanoparticles. The present study revealed that concentration of chitosan, and CS: TPP volume ratio can significantly change the physical characteristics of the nanoparticles and this provides an avenue for formulators to engineer CS nanoparticles according to needs.
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Fatoni, Ahmad, Ade Chika Paramita, Budi Untari, and Nurlisa Hidayati. "Chitosan-CuO Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Shigella dysenteriae: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Study." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 12 (January 9, 2021): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.12.432-439.
Full textAbstract:
The synthesis of chitosan- CuO nanoparticles was studied. This research’s aims were biosynthesis CuO nanoparticles, synthesis of chitosan-CuO nanoparticles, and used as an antibacterial agent of Shigella dysenteriae. CuO nanoparticles and chitosan-CuO nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. CuO nanoparticle was synthesized by the reaction between leaf extract of sweet star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and copper sulfate pentahydrate. Chitosan-CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by a heating method. The suspension of chitosan-CuO nanoparticles was used as an antibacterial agent with a paper disk method. The result showed that the Cu-O group at CuO nanoparticles was detected at a wavenumber of 503, 619, 767, and 821 cm-1. The crystallite size of the CuO nanoparticles was 4.25 nm. Cu-O group bonded at N-H and O-H groups and detected at 3406 cm-1 from the FTIR spectra of chitosan-CuO nanoparticles. The average inhibition zone of chitosan-CuO nanoparticles at concentration 2.500, 5.000, 7.500, and 10.000 ppm to Shigella dysenteriae were 13.57 ± 1.55; 14.90 ± 1.20; 15.97 ± 0.76 and 17.03 ± 1.80 mm, respectively.
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Petchsoongsakul, Thidarat, Peerapan Dittanet, Surapich Loykulnant, Chaveewan Kongkaew, and Paweena Prapainainar. "Synthesis of Natural Composite of Natural Rubber Filling Chitosan Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.96.
Full textAbstract:
Mechanical properties of natural rubber composite were improved by adding chitosan nanoparticles in this work. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. The effect of chitosan nanoparticle content in natural rubber at 0, 3, 6 and 9 phr were studied. Size of the synthesized chitosan nanoparticles was 282 ± 96 nm. Natural rubber vulcanization was by electron irradiation at intensity 200 kGy. The morphology of composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus) were determined by tensile testing. The interaction of filler-rubber was illustrated by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that chitosan nanoparticles was well dispersed within natural rubber matrix. The optimum filler content was affected to mechanicals properties of natural rubber composites. The chitosan nanoparticles at 3 phr in natural rubber composites was found to have the highest mechanical properties. The dispersion and immobilization of chitosan nanoparticles at 3 phr was the best among all loading. In addition, 3 phr chitosan nanoparticles / natural rubber composite had filler-rubber higher interaction than those of other loading.
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Hermosilla, Edward, Marcela Díaz, Joelis Vera, María José Contreras, Karla Leal, Rodrigo Salazar, Leticia Barrientos, Gonzalo Tortella, and Olga Rubilar. "Synthesis of Antimicrobial Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Reusable Chitosan Fungal Beads." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032318.
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Nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), have gained significant attention in recent years as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating infectious diseases due to their ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms effectively. Ag NPs can be synthesized using fungi extract, but the method is not practical for large-scale production due to time and biomass limitations. In this study, we explore the use of chitosan to encapsulate the mycelia of the white-rot fungus Stereum hirsutum and form chitosan fungal beads for use in multiple extractions and nanoparticle synthesis. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were composed of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-Ag NPs) with a size of 25 nm. The chitosan fungal beads were reused in three extractions and nanoparticle synthesis before they lost their ability to produce CS-Ag NPs. The CS-Ag NPs showed potent antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic and human pathogenic microorganisms, including Pseudomonas syringae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.5, 1.6, 3.1, and 4 µg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CS-Ag NPs was from 2- to 40-fold higher than Ag NPs synthesized using an aqueous extract of unencapsulated fungal biomass. The CS-Ag NPs were most effective at a pH of five regarding the antimicrobial activity. These results suggest that the chitosan fungal beads may be a promising alternative for the sustainable and cost-effective synthesis of CS-Ag NPs with improved antimicrobial activity.
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Edityaningrum, Citra Ariani, Ariza Nur Zulaechah, Widyasari Putranti, and Dewa Ayu Arimurni. "Formulation and Characterization of Carbamazepine Chitosan Nanoparticle." JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v9i22022.146-154.
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Background: Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug used to treat trigeminal neuralgia and pain associated with neurological disorders. The drug belongs to class II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), which has low solubility. Hence, dissolution is a rate-limiting step. Objective: This study aimed to determine the best formula for carbamazepine nanoparticles based on physical characteristics and determine the effect of chitosan and Na-TPP concentration variation on nanoparticle characterization. Methods: The carbamazepine chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using ionic gelation method with a concentration of 0.1% w/v carbamazepine and the ratio of chitosan and Na-TPP concentrations of 0.2%:0.1% (F1), 0.2%:0.2% (F2), and 0.3%:0.1% w/v (F3). The parameters evaluated included particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle morphology, and entrapment efficiency. Statistical analysis was conducted on the evaluation data using One Way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the effect of increasing the concentration of chitosan reduced particle size (p<0.05), increased zeta potential (p<0.05), and had no effect on the value of entrapment efficiency (p>0.05). Furthermore, F3 had a particle size of 169.8±13.71 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.378±0.02, the zeta potential of +28.80±2.44 mV, entrapment efficiency of 84.3±7.50%, and spheric particle morphology which was measured using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Conclusion: Therefore, F3 with the ratio of chitosan and Na-TPP concentrations of 0.3%:0.1% was the formula that provided the best characteristics of chitosan carbamazepine nanoparticles.
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Rohaeti, Eli, Endang Widjajanti Laksono FX, and Anna Rakhmawati. "Kemudahan Biodegradasi Selulosa Bakteri dari Limbah Cucian Beras dengan Penambahan Gliserol, Kitosan, dan Nanopartikel Perak." Jurnal Kimia VALENSI 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3083.
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The objectives of this research were to study the effect of glycerol and chitosan addition toward biodegradability of cellulose based rice waste water, the effect of biodegradation time toward mass lost and biodegradability, and determine functional group and crystalinity of the highest biodegradability composite. Bacterial celluloses were prepared from 100 mL rice waste water that fermented by Acetobacter xylinum for 7 days with addition of glycerol (for Cellulose-Glycerol and Cellulose-Glycerol-Chitosan). Then, bacterial celluloses were immersed in chitosan solution (for Cellulose-Chitosan and Cellulose-Glycerol-Chitosan). The water in bacterial cellulose and its composites was removed by heating, then deposited silver nanoparticle on the bacterial cellulose and its composite. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction with using AgNO3 solution, trisodium citric as reducing agent, and gelatin as stabilizer. The silver nanoparticle was deposited into bacterial cellulose and its composites film by immersing method. After that, the bacterial cellulose and its composites were biodegradated by soil burrial test method for 14 days. Then, cellulose with the highest biodegradability was characterized by ATR-FTIR and XRD. The silver nanoparticle formation was showed by UV-Vis spectrum with peak in the 418.8 nm area. The glycerol addition can increase biodegradability, whereas the chitosan addition can decrease biodegradability. The increasing of biodegradation time, mass lost increased but the biodegradability decreased. After biodegradation, intensity of pyran cyclic in cellulose-glycerol which is deposited Ag (SG + Ag) decreased, but crystallinity of it increased. Keywords : Biodegradation, glycerol, chitosan, silver nanoparticle, bacterial cellulose. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3111
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Zhang, Wei, Xinlan Dai, and Jinjie Zhou. "Properties of Cotton Fabric Modified with a Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salt Nanoparticle." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 4(130) (August 31, 2018): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1322.
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In this study, a novel fibre-reactive nanoparticle was synthesised in three steps. First a water-soluble chitosan derivative, N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan chloride (short for HTCC), was prepared by reacting chitosan with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. Second the HTCC was further modified by reacting it with N-(hydroxymethyl)- acrylamide to prepare a fibre-reactive chitosan derivative, O-methyl acrylamide quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (short for NMA-HTCC), which can form covalent bonds with cellulose fibre under alkaline conditions. Thirdly NMA-HTCC nanoparticles were prepared by the ionotropic gelation reaction method. The particle size and TEM researches indicated that the globular NMA-HTCC nanoparticle with a size distribution of 15 - 50 nm was successfully prepared and presented good dispersity and stability. Then the NMA-HTCC nanoparticle was used for the textile finishing of cotton fabric. The modified cotton fabric demonstrated excellent durable wrinkle-resistance and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, even after 50 repeated launderings. Moreover the shrinkage-resistance of the modified cotton fabric was distinctly improved, and the contact angle was slightly larger, while the whiteness and mechanical properties had not changed in an obvious way.
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Gupta, M., R. K. Marwaha, and H. Dureja. "Formulation and Characterization of Gefitinib-loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Box-Behnken Design." Current Nanomedicine 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2468187308666180815145350.
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Background:Nanotechnology has considerably modified the treatment of cancer by overcoming the prevailing drawbacks in conventional chemotherapy like severe systemic side effects, undesirable bio-distribution and drug resistance.Objective:The objective behind the present study was to develop polymeric nanoparticles loaded with gefitinib by ionic gelation method and optimize the prepared nanoparticles using Box-Behnken Design at 3-factors and 3-levels. The main and interactive effects of three selected process variables i.e chitosan concentration, sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) concentration and NaTPP volume on the encapsulation efficiency and % cumulative drug release were determined.Method:Seventeen nanoparticle formulations were prepared by ionic gelation method using chitosan concentration (0.1-0.3% w/v), NaTPP concentration (0.2-0.6% w/v) and NaTPP volume (8-12 ml) applying Box-behnken design. The cryoprotectant used was 5% w/v trehalose. The nanoparticle formulations were further evaluated for various parameters.Results:The formulation (NP-5) prepared using chitosan (0.1% w/v) and NaTPP (0.4% w/v ) in 8 ml volume exhibited particle size (79.4 nm), polydispersity index (0.349), encapsulation efficiency (82.05 %) and % cumulative drug released (40.83 %) in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) over a period of 24 h. The release mechanism followed was higuchi model. The values of various evaluation parameters observed were found to be in close concurrence with the values predicted employing the Design expert software.Conclusion:The nanoparticle formulation obtained using chitosan in low concentration, optimum concentration ratio of chitosan: NaTPP along with low volume of NaTPP showed desired features. The mathematical models were further designed to develop polymeric nanoparticles with required characteristics.
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Osuna, Yolanda, Karla M. Gregorio-Jauregui, J. Gerardo Gaona-Lozano, Iliana M. de la Garza-Rodríguez, Anna Ilyna, Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro, Hened Saade, and Raúl G. López. "Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles with Low Chitosan Content Prepared in One-Step." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/327562.
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Chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNP) were obtained at 50°C in a one-step method comprising coprecipitation in the presence of low chitosan content. CMNP showed high magnetization and superparamagnetism. They were composed of a core of 9.5 nm in average diameter and a very thin chitosan layer in accordance with electron microscopy measurements. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectrometry demonstrated that CMNP were obtained and those from thermogravimetric analysis allowed to determine that they were composed of 95 wt% of magnetic nanoparticles and 5 wt% of chitosan. 67% efficacy in the Pb+2removal test indicated that only 60% of amino groups on CMNP surface bound to Pb, probably due to some degree of nanoparticle flocculation during the redispersion. The very low weight ratio chitosan to magnetic nanoparticles obtained in this study, 0.053, and the high yield of the precipitation reactions (≈97%) are noticeable.
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Rostami, Elham, Soheila Kashanian, and Mehran Askari. "The Effect of Ultrasound Wave on Levothyroxine Release from Chitosan Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.284.
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A nanoparticle polymer has been developed as a potential platform for drug delivery. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared with tripolyphosphate (TPP) by the ionic crosslinking method. The particle size of chitosan nanoparticles was in the range of 190-250 nm and encapsulation efficiencies of levothyroxine were 85%. The particle size was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Shape and surface morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They revealed fairly spherical shape of nanoparticles. A non-invasive way to deliver drugs to the deepest parts of the human body is ultrasound. To study how ultrasound causes levothyroxine to be released from chitosan nanoparticles, cumulative release was examined. In this report, we explore the effect of ultrasound and tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentration on release behavior of levothyroxine from chitosan nanoparticles. The drug release from chitosan nanoparticles was enhanced using the ultrasound wave.
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Amiri, Elmira, Mehdi Rahmaninia, and Amir Khosravani. "Effect of chitosan molecular weight on the performance of chitosan-silica nanoparticle system in recycled pulp." BioResources 14, no. 4 (August 7, 2019): 7687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.7687-7701.
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The application of chitosan biopolymer with and without nanoparticles in the papermaking process was investigated. The effect of the chitosan’s molecular weight on its interaction with silica nanoparticles in recycled old corrugated container pulp was studied. Initially, the nanosilica particles were analyzed via atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed the spherical shape of the silica nanoparticles with diameter less than 5 nm. Dynamic light scattering method was used to determine the zeta potential and the hydrodynamic radius of the chitosan with different molecular weights. Infrared spectroscopy was used to show the possibility of hydrogen bonding between the chitosan and the nanosilica. The results showed that the chitosan with low and medium molecular weights in alkaline and in some neutral suspensions had better process performances. Increasing the molecular weights of the chitosan improved the mechanical properties. The influence of chitosan on the process parameters was dependent on different factors such as its configuration in the aqueous media before and after adsorption, its ability to penetrate the fiber pores, and its charge density. In contrast, the effect of chitosan on the strength of paper was influenced by its performance following adsorption and retention within the fibrous mat.
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Hartati, Hartati, Subaer Subaer, Hasri Hasri, Teguh Wibawa, and Hasriana Hasriana. "Microstructure and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan-Fe3O4-AgNP Nanocomposite." Nanomaterials 12, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 3652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203652.
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The goal of this research is to synthesize and characterize Fe3O4@Chitosan-AgNP nanocomposites in order to determine their antibacterial activity. The research methods include the synthesis of Fe3O4@Chitosan-AgNP nanocomposites, as well as the characterization of nanoparticles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and subsequent antibacterial activity tests. The study’s findings demonstrated the successful synthesis of Fe3O4@Chitosan-AgNP nanocomposites, followed by nanoparticle characterization using SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR. Based on the XRD results, the conjugation of Fe3O4@Chitosan-AgNP nanocomposites has been successfully formed, as evidenced by the appearance of characteristic peaks of Fe3O4, chitosan, and AgNPs. According to the FTIR results, the interaction between chitosan-AgNPs and conjugated Fe3O4 occurred via the N atom in the NH2 group and the O atom in the OH group, and C=O. The SEM and TEM images also show that the Fe3O4@Chitosan-AgNP conjugation is a nanoparticle-based composite material. The combination of nanocomposites Fe3O4@Chitosan-AgNPs has antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli.
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Puluhulawa, Lisa Efriani, I. Made Joni, Khaled M. Elamin, Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, and Nasrul Wathoni. "Chitosan–Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Active Targeting in Cancer Therapy." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 3410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163410.
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Cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide; therefore, there is a need to discover novel treatment modalities to combat it. One of the cancer treatments is nanoparticle technology. Currently, nanoparticles have been modified to have desirable pharmacological effects by using chemical ligands that bind with their specific receptors on the surface of malignant cells. Chemical grafting of chitosan nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid as a targeted ligand can become an attractive alternative for active targeting. Hence, these nanoparticles can control drug release with pH- responsive stimuli, and high selectivity of hyaluronic acid to CD44 receptors makes these nanoparticles accumulate more inside cells that overexpress these receptors (cancer cells). In this context, we discuss the benefits and recent findings of developing and utilizing chitosan–hyaluronic acid nanoparticles against distinct forms of cancer malignancy. From here we know that chitosan–hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (CHA-Np) can produce a nanoparticle system with good characteristics, effectiveness, and a good active targeting on various types of cancer cells. Therefore, this system is a good candidate for targeted drug delivery for cancer therapy, anticipating that CHA-Np could be further developed for various cancer therapy applications.
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Tığlı Aydın, R. Seda, and Mehlika Pulat. "5-Fluorouracil Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles for pH-Stimulated Drug Delivery: Evaluation of Controlled Release Kinetics." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/313961.
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Nanoparticles consisting of human therapeutic drugs are suggested as a promising strategy for targeted and localized drug delivery to tumor cells. In this study, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles were prepared in order to investigate potentials of localized drug delivery for tumor environment due to pH sensitivity of chitosan nanoparticles. Optimization of chitosan and 5-FU encapsulated nanoparticles production revealed148.8±1.1 nm and243.1±17.9 nm particle size diameters with narrow size distributions, which are confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The challenge was to investigate drug delivery of 5-FU encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles due to varied pH changes. To achieve this objective, pH sensitivity of prepared chitosan nanoparticle was evaluated and results showed a significant swelling response for pH 5 with particle diameter of ∼450 nm. In vitro release studies indicated a controlled and sustained release of 5-FU from chitosan nanoparticles with the release amounts of 29.1–60.8% due to varied pH environments after 408 h of the incubation period. pH sensitivity is confirmed by mathematical modeling of release kinetics since chitosan nanoparticles showed stimuli-induced release. Results suggested that 5-FU encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles can be launched as pH-responsive smart drug delivery agents for possible applications of cancer treatments.