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Journal articles on the topic 'Chiroptera Pteropodidae'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Kirsch, JAW, TF Flannery, MS Springer, and FJ Lapointe. "Phylogeny of the Pteropodidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera) Based on Dna Hybridization, With Evidence for Bat Monophyly." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 4 (1995): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950395.

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We constructed DNA-hybridisation matrices comparing 18 genera of Megachiroptera and an outgroup microchiropteran, and eight species of Pteropus and two related genera. Three species each of Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera, two of Primates, and an outgroup armadillo were compared in another matrix; additional representatives of other mammalian orders figured in a further set of experiments. Among the megachiropterans examined, Nyctimene and Paranyctimene comprise the sister-group to other pteropodids. Of the 'macroglossines', only Macroglossus and Syconycteris are associated apart from typical pteropodines, while the four remaining nectar-feeders (Eonycteris, Megaloglossus, Melonycteris, Notopteris) are independently linked with non-nectar-feeding clades. Thus, Megaloglossus is the nearest relative of Lissonycteris, with Epomophorus and Rousettus successive sister-groups to both, while Eonycteris is the sister of all four; Melonycteris and Pteralopex form a trichotomy with the closely related Acerodon and Pteropus, and Notopteris is the sister-taxon to all four. It therefore appears that anatomical specialisations for nectar- and pollen-feeding evolved (or were lost) several times within Pteropodidae. Cynopterus and Dobsonia represent additional clades within the Pteropodinae, with which Thoopterus and Aproteles are respectively paired. Comparisons among species of Pteropus and related genera suggest that Acerodon may be congeneric with Pteropus, but that Pteralopex clearly is not. The ordinal-level matrices support bat monophyly: no order tested is closer to either of the chiropteran suborders than they are to each other, and bats are separated from Primates by at least two nodes. On the basis of previous rate determinations for mammals, we estimate that the African grouping (Epomophorus, Megaloglossus, Lissonycteris) is mid-Miocene in origin, that the two major pteropodid subfamilies (Nyctimeninae and Pteropodinae, including 'Macroglossinae') separated in the Early Miocene, and that the divergence of chiropteran suborders dates from the latest Cretaceous or earliest Palaeocene. Arrangement of genera within Pteropodidae supports the family's Australo-Pacific or south-east Asian origin.

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2

Loveless, Allison Marcella, and Karen McBee. "Nyctimene robinsoni (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Mammalian Species 49, no. 949 (July 27, 2017): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sex007.

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3

Richards, Leigh R., Ramugondo V. Rambau, Steven M. Goodman, Peter J. Taylor, M. Corrie Schoeman, Fengtang Yang, and Jennifer M. Lamb. "Karyotypic Evolution in Malagasy Flying Foxes (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera) and Their Hipposiderid Relatives as Determined by Comparative Chromosome Painting." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 148, no. 2-3 (2016): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446297.

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Pteropodidae and Hipposideridae are 2 of the 9 chiropteran families that occur on Madagascar. Despite major advancements in the systematic study of the island's bat fauna, few karyotypic data exist for endemic species. We utilized G- and C-banding in combination with chromosome painting with Myotismyotis probes to establish a genome-wide homology among Malagasy species belonging to the families Pteropodidae (Pteropus rufus 2n = 38; Rousettus madagascariensis, 2n = 36), Hipposideridae (Hipposideros commersoni s.s., 2n = 52), and a single South African representative of the Rhinolophidae (Rhinolophus clivosus, 2n = 58). Painting probes of M. myotis detected 26, 28, 28, and 29 regions of homology in R. madagascariensis, P. rufus, H. commersoni s.s, and R. clivosus, respectively. Translocations, pericentric inversions, and heterochromatin additions were responsible for karyotypic differences amongst the Malagasy pteropodids. Comparative chromosome painting revealed a novel pericentric inversion on P. rufus chromosome 4. Chromosomal characters suggest a close evolutionary relationship between Rousettus and Pteropus. H. commersoni s.s. shared several chromosomal characters with extralimital congeners but did not exhibit 2 chromosomal synapomorphies proposed for Hipposideridae. This study provides further insight into the ancestral karyotypes of pteropodid and hipposiderid bats and corroborates certain molecular phylogenetic hypotheses.

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4

Smith, Jillian D. L., John W. Bickham, and T. Ryan Gregory. "Patterns of genome size diversity in bats (order Chiroptera)." Genome 56, no. 8 (August 2013): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2013-0046.

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Despite being a group of particular interest in considering relationships between genome size and metabolic parameters, bats have not been well studied from this perspective. This study presents new estimates for 121 “microbat” species from 12 families and complements a previous study on members of the family Pteropodidae (“megabats”). The results confirm that diversity in genome size in bats is very limited even compared with other mammals, varying approximately 2-fold from 1.63 pg in Lophostoma carrikeri to 3.17 pg in Rhinopoma hardwickii and averaging only 2.35 pg ± 0.02 SE (versus 3.5 pg overall for mammals). However, contrary to some other vertebrate groups, and perhaps owing to the narrow range observed, genome size correlations were not apparent with any chromosomal, physiological, flight-related, developmental, or ecological characteristics within the order Chiroptera. Genome size is positively correlated with measures of body size in bats, though the strength of the relationships differs between pteropodids (“megabats”) and nonpteropodids (“microbats”).

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5

Nameer, P. O., R. Ashmi, Sachin K. Aravind, and R. Sreehari. "First record of Dobson’s Long-tongued Fruit Bat Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871) (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 11 (September 26, 2016): 9371. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2496.8.11.9371-9374.

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A new site record for the Dobson‘s Long-tongued Fruit Bat Eonycteris spelaea (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera) is presented from Kerala, India. A revised distribution map of the species is also given. The morphometry of Eonycteris spelaea is discussed. DNA sequences have been deposited in GenBank.

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6

Tsang, Susan M., Dolyce H. W. Low, Sigit Wiantoro, Ina Smith, Jayanthi Jayakumar, Nancy B. Simmons, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna, David J. Lohman, and Ian H. Mendenhall. "Detection of Tioman Virus in Pteropus vampyrus Near Flores, Indonesia." Viruses 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040563.

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Diverse paramyxoviruses have coevolved with their bat hosts, including fruit bats such as flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Several of these viruses are zoonotic, but the diversity and distribution of Paramyxoviridae are poorly understood. We screened pooled feces samples from three Pteropus vampyrus colonies and assayed tissues, rectal swabs, and oral swabs from 95 individuals of 23 pteropodid species sampled at 17 sites across the Indonesian archipelago with a conventional paramyxovirus PCR; all tested negative. Samples from 43 individuals were screened with next generation sequencing (NGS), and a single Pteropus vampyrus collected near Flores had Tioman virus sequencing reads. Tioman virus is a bat-borne virus in the genus Pararubulavirus with prior evidence of spillover to humans. This work expands the known range of Tioman virus, and it is likely that this isolated colony likely has sustained intergenerational transmission over a long period.

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7

Birt, Patrina, Leslie S. Hall, and Geoffrey C. Smith. "Ecomorphology of the Tongues of Australian Megachiroptera (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 4 (1997): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97005.

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The tongues of six species of Australian megachiropterans were studied macroscopically and microscopically to observe whether there were any morphological characteristics correlating with their foraging and feeding behaviour. Tongues varied from being extensible and brush-like (with long hair-like papillae) in Syconycteris australis, to club-like (with very few types of papillae) in Nyctimene robinsoni, to long-pointed (possessing several types of surface papillae) in the Pteropus species. The morphology of the tongue of S. australis and the Pteropus species was similar to that of nectar-feeding birds, marsupials and other mammals. N. robinsoni possessed a tongue highly structured for processing the fruit on which it feeds, whilst the tongue of the S. australis and P. scapulatus was highly structured for a diet predominantly made up of nectar. Although the surface papillae were similar among P. poliocephalus, P. alecto and P. conspicillatus, the shape of the tongue varied considerably, suggesting that there may be subtle differences between individual feeding strategies. The morphology of the tongues in this study, combined with field observations, suggest that many megachiropterans are able to consume different food types when their preferred food source is unavailable. In addition, the structure of tongue and its papillae support the role of megachiropterans in both pollination and seed dispersal.

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8

Giannini, Norberto P., Francisca Cunha Almeida, and Nancy B. Simmons. "Chapter 6. Phylogenetic Relationships of Harpyionycterine Megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 331 (December 15, 2009): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/582-6.1.

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9

Goodman, Steven M., Lauren M. Chan, Michael D. Nowak, and Anne D. Yoder. "Phylogeny and biogeography of western Indian OceanRousettus(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Journal of Mammalogy 91, no. 3 (June 16, 2010): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/09-mamm-a-283.1.

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10

Hickey, M. B. C., and B. M. Fenton. "Scent-Dispersing Hairs (Osmetrichia) in Some Pteropodidae and Molossidae (Chiroptera)." Journal of Mammalogy 68, no. 2 (May 26, 1987): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381478.

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11

Almeida, Francisca C., Norberto P. Giannini, Rob DeSalle, and Nancy B. Simmons. "The phylogenetic relationships of cynopterine fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae: Cynopterinae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53, no. 3 (December 2009): 772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.035.

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12

Giannini, Norberto P., John R. Wible, and Nancy B. Simmons. "On the Cranial Osteology of Chiroptera. I. Pteropus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 295 (January 2006): 1–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2006)295[0001:otcooc]2.0.co;2.

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13

Zhang, Jin-Shuo, Gareth Jones, Li-Biao Zhang, Guang-Jian Zhu, and Shu-Yi Zhang. "Recent Surveys of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from China II. Pteropodidae." Acta Chiropterologica 12, no. 1 (June 2010): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/150811010x504626.

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14

Cunhaalmeida, Francisca, Norberto Pedro Giannini, and Nancy B. Simmons. "The Evolutionary History of the African Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Acta Chiropterologica 18, no. 1 (June 2016): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2016.18.1.003.

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15

Smith, Jillian D. L., and T. Ryan Gregory. "The genome sizes of megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) are remarkably constrained." Biology Letters 5, no. 3 (March 4, 2009): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0016.

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It has long been recognized that bats and birds contain less DNA in their genomes than their non-flying relatives. It has been suggested that this relates to the high metabolic demands of powered flight, a notion that is supported by the fact that pterosaurs also appear to have exhibited small genomes. Given the long-standing interest in this question, it is surprising that almost no data have been presented regarding genome size diversity among megabats (family Pteropodidae). The present study provides genome size estimates for 43 species of megabats in an effort to fill this gap and to test the hypothesis that all bats, and not just microbats, possess small genomes. Intriguingly, megabats appear to be even more constrained in terms of genome size than the members of other bat families.

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16

Christesen, Linda, and John Nelson. "Vocal communication in the Grey-headed Flying-foxPteropus poliocephalus(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Australian Zoologist 31, no. 3 (December 2000): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2000.005.

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17

Giannini, Norberto P., Thomas E. Macrini, John R. Wible, Timothy B. Rowe, and Nancy B. Simmons. "The Internal Nasal Skeleton of the BatPteropus lyleiK.Andersen, 1908 (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Annals of Carnegie Museum 81, no. 1 (December 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0101.

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18

Cosson, Jean-Francois. "Captures of Myonycteris torquata (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Forest Canopy in South Cameroon." Biotropica 27, no. 3 (September 1995): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388925.

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19

Flannery, Tim F. "A new species of Pteralopex (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Montane Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands." Records of the Australian Museum 43, no. 2 (November 22, 1991): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.43.1991.44.

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20

Maryanto, Ibnu, and Mohamad Yani. "A new species of Rousettus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Lore Lindu, Central Sulawesi." Mammal Study 28, no. 2 (2003): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3106/mammalstudy.28.111.

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21

Gopukumar, N., T. Karuppudurai, and D. P. Swami Doss. "Dispersal patterns of the short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Mammalian Biology 70, no. 2 (March 2005): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2004.10.001.

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22

Messer, Michael, and Kerryn Parry-Jones. "Milk Composition in the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (Pteropodidae : Chiroptera)." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 1 (1997): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo96052.

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Milk samples from 11 captive flying-foxes were collected at various times during lactation from 5 to 139 days post partum and analysed for protein, carbohydrate, total solids and ash. In addition, samples from 14 free-living animals, collected on a single occasion, were analysed. No significant changes in milk composition were observed during lactation in the captive bats except for a small increase in protein and a small decrease in carbohydrate concentration late in lactation. The milk from captive bats contained less protein and total solids than that from free-living animals (mean values: protein, 2·59 and 3·64%, repectively; total solids, 11·1 and 12·7%, repectively) but there was no significant difference with repect to the carbohydrate (6·13 and 6·44%, respectively). The fat content, estimated from the total solids by difference, was low (1·9 and 2·2%, respectively) in both captive and free-living animals. The results are compared with previously published values for milk composition in Chiroptera and are discussed in the context of nursing behaviour and diet in captive and free-living flying-foxes.

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23

GIANNINI, NORBERTO P., FRANCISCA CUNHA ALMEIDA, NANCY B. SIMMONS, and ROB DeSALLE. "Phylogenetic Relationships of the Enigmatic Harpy Fruit Bat, Harpyionycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." American Museum Novitates 3533, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2006)3533[1:proteh]2.0.co;2.

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24

Campbell, Polly, Noah M. Reid, Akbar Zubaid, Adura M. Adnan, and Thomas H. Kunz. "Comparative Roosting Ecology of Cynopterus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) Fruit Bats in Peninsular Malaysia." Biotropica 38, no. 6 (November 2006): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00203.x.

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25

FUJITA, MARTY S., and MERLIN D. TUTTLE. "Flying Foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): Threatened Animals of Key Ecological and Economic Importance." Conservation Biology 5, no. 4 (December 1991): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00352.x.

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26

Ochoa-Acuña, H., and T. H. Kunz. "Thermoregulatory behavior in the small island flying fox, Pteropus hypomelanus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Journal of Thermal Biology 24, no. 1 (February 1999): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4565(98)00033-3.

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27

Khannoon, Eraqi R., Kaoru Usui, and Masayoshi Tokita. "Embryonic Development of the Egyptian Fruit Bat Rousettus aegyptiacus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Acta Chiropterologica 21, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2019.21.2.006.

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28

Campbell, Polly, Christopher J. Schneider, Akbar Zubaid, Adura M. Adnan, and Thomas H. Kunz. "Morphological and Ecological Correlates of Coexistence in Malaysian Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Journal of Mammalogy 88, no. 1 (February 28, 2007): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-a-160r1.1.

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29

Hassanin, Alexandre, Céline Bonillo, Didier Tshikung, Célestin Pongombo Shongo, Xavier Pourrut, Blaise Kadjo, Emmanuel Nakouné, Vuong Tan Tu, Vincent Prié, and Steven M. Goodman. "Phylogeny of African fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12373.

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30

Gao, Cheng-Wen, Shuo Wang, and Li-Zhi Gao. "Mitochondrial genome of the black flying fox,Pteropus alecto(Chiroptera: Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Mitochondrial DNA 27, no. 1 (January 17, 2014): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.869691.

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31

Macaranas, JM, D. Colgan, and S. Ingleby. "Electrophoretic characterization of Solomon Islands populations of Nyctimene and Rousettus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Australian Mammalogy 25, no. 1 (2003): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am03041.

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The taxonomic status of fruitbats belonging to the genera Nyctimene and Rousettus from the Solomon Islands was investigated using allozyme electrophoresis. Two populations from the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) were included as reference profiles. The allozyme data at 23 loci assigned all specimens into either Nyctimene albiventer or Nyctimene major. The N. albiventer specimens comprised two subspecies, N. a. papuanus from the Bismarck Archipelago and N. a. bougainville from the Solomon Islands. No support was evident for bougainville being a separate species, and indeed the data suggest that N. a. bougainville encompasses the previously described species N. malaita and subspecies N. a. minor. Genetic distances between populations of R. amplexicaudatus from the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands were generally low, supporting recent morphological assessments that the subspecies hedigeri, from the majority of the Solomon Islands, should be considered synonymous with subspecies brachyotis. An individual from Choiseul (Solomon Islands) with a distinctive allozyme profile is the only evidence of taxonomic complexity in R. amplexicaudatus.

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32

Almeida, Francisca Cunha, Lucila Inés Amador, and Norberto Pedro Giannini. "Explosive radiation at the origin of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)." Organisms Diversity & Evolution 21, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00480-5.

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33

Kruskop, S. V. "New cases of polyodontia in the dawn bat, Eonycteris spelaea(Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Russian Journal of Theriology 18, no. 2 (December 24, 2019): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.18.2.05.

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34

Richards, G. C., and L. S. Hall. "A new flying-fox of the genusPteropus(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Torres Strait, Australia." Australian Zoologist 32, no. 1 (April 2002): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2002.007.

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35

Andrianaivoarivelo, RA, RKB Jenkins, EJ Petit, O. Ramilijaona, N. Razafindrakoto, and PA Racey. "Rousettus madagascariensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) shows a preference for native and commercially unimportant fruits." Endangered Species Research 19, no. 1 (November 7, 2012): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00441.

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36

Riesle-Sbarbaro, Silke A., Stefan P. W. de Vries, Samuel Stubbs, Kofi Amponsah-Mensah, Andrew A. Cunnigham, James L. N. Wood, and David R. Sargan. "The complete mitochondrial genome of Epomophorus gambianus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) and its phylogenetic analysis." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2016.1181993.

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37

Tan, K. H., A. Zubaid, and T. H. Kunz. "Tent construction and social organization inCynopterus brachyotis(Muller) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Peninsular Malaysia." Journal of Natural History 31, no. 11 (November 1997): 1605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939700770861.

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38

Rahman, Anisur, and Parthankar Choudhury. "Report on three ectoparasites of the Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx Vahl, 1797 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Cachar District of Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 8 (June 26, 2019): 13984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2064.11.8.13984-13991.

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Ectoparasites of bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), with a description of three species of of which two belong to order Mesostigmata (family: Ameroseiidae and Macronyssidae) and one belong to order Ixodida (family: Ixodidae), from northeastern India are discussed. The present study was carried out for six months (January–June 2014) to identify the various ectoparasites of the Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx in Cachar District of Assam, northeastern India. A total of 12 individuals of C. sphinx was captured using mist nets from eight different localities of the study area. During the study, a total of 125 parasites was collected from C. sphinx. The identified parasites were Dermacentor sp. Indet., Ameroseius sp. Indet., and Steatonyssus sp. Indet. and falls under the class Arachnida.

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39

Hodgkison, Robert, Sharon T. Balding, Akbar Zubaid, and Thomas H. Kunz. "Habitat structure, wing morphology, and the vertical stratification of Malaysian fruit bats (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 6 (October 14, 2004): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001737.

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This study investigated the vertical stratification of Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in relation to habitat structure and wing morphology, in a lowland Malaysian rain forest. In total, 352 fruit bats of eight species were captured within the subcanopy of the structurally complex old-growth forest during 72 306 m2 mist net hours of sampling. Fruit bat species that were grouped in relation to capture height were also grouped in relation to wing morphology – with those species predicted to have more manoeuvrable flight (i.e. lower wing-loadings and lower aspect-ratios) captured in increasingly cluttered airspaces. Thus, small differences in wing morphology are likely to be ecologically significant to the vertical stratification of bats. Hence, habitat heterogeneity may be a key factor promoting fruit bat species diversity in old-growth palaeotropical forests.

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40

Brooke, Anne P., Christopher Solek, and Ailao Tualaulelei. "Roosting Behavior of Colonial and Solitary Flying Foxes in American Samoa (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)1." BIOTROPICA 32, no. 2 (2000): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1646/0006-3606(2000)032[0338:rbocas]2.0.co;2.

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41

GIANNINI, NORBERTO P., and NANCY B. SIMMONS. "Element Homology and the Evolution of Dental Formulae in Megachiropteran Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." American Museum Novitates 3559, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3559[1:ehateo]2.0.co;2.

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42

Brooke, Anne P., Christopher Solek, and Ailao Tualaulelei. "Roosting Behavior of Colonial and Solitary Flying Foxes in American Samoa (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)1." Biotropica 32, no. 2 (June 2000): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2000.tb00477.x.

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43

Russell, Amy L., Veronica A. Brown, Ruth C. B. Utzurrum, Anne P. Brooke, Lisa A. Wolf, and Gary F. Mccracken. "Comparative Phylogeography of Pteropus samoensis and P. tonganus (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera) in the South Pacific." Acta Chiropterologica 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2016.18.2.002.

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Tsang, Susan M., Sigit Wiantoro, Maria Josefa Veluz, Nancy B. Simmons, and David J. Lohman. "Low Levels of Population Structure among Geographically Distant Populations of Pteropus vampyrus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Acta Chiropterologica 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.1.004.

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SENDA, Akitsugu, Rui KOBAYASHI, Kenji FUKUDA, Tadao SAITO, Wendy R. HOOD, Thomas H. KUNZ, Olav T. OFTEDAL, and Tadasu URASHIMA. "Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Animal Science Journal 82, no. 6 (July 13, 2011): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00906.x.

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Kunz, T. H., A. L. Allgaier, J. Seyjagat, and R. Caligiuri. "Allomaternal care: helper-assisted birth in the Rodrigues fruit bat,Pteropus rodricensis(Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)." Journal of Zoology 232, no. 4 (April 1994): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb04622.x.

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Bancroft, B. J. "OPSONYSSUS INDICUS FAIN (ACARI: GASTRONYSSIDAE) ON THE EYE OF PTEROPUS SCAPULATUS PETERS (CHIROPTERA: PTEROPODIDAE)." Australian Journal of Entomology 30, no. 1 (February 1991): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1991.tb02190.x.

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Wood, William F., Allyson Walsh, John Seyjagat, and Paul J. Weldon. "Volatile Compounds in Shoulder Gland Secretions of Male Flying Foxes, Genus Pteropus (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2005): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-9-1019.

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Abstract:

Abstract The shoulder gland secretions of captive males of the Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus), the little golden-mantled flying fox (P. pumilus), the island flying fox (P. hypomelanus), and the large flying fox (P. vampyrus) were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-five compounds, including hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and amides, were identified among the four species. Many of these compounds, such as squalene, cholesterol, and C5-C16 straight- and branched-chain carboxylic acids, are typical of tetrapod epidermal products. Aldehydes, which were detected in all four Pteropus species, and some straight- and branched-chain ketones, which were detected in P. hypomelanus and P. pumilus, are known from other mammalian skin glands. Acetophenone, 4-acetoxyacetophenone, and 4-hydroxyacetophenone were observed in P. pumilus; the last compound comprised 37.1% of the total ion current. 2,3-Butanediol, a prominent component (5.2-19.3%) in the secretions of P. giganteus, P. hypomelanus, and P. pumilus, and C10 and C12 isopropyl esters and C10-C14 1-methylbutyl esters, observed in P. hypomelanus and P. vampyrus, have not previously been reported from vertebrates. α-Methyl-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and dihydro-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone, from P. giganteus and P. pumilus, are new natural products. 1-Chloro-3-methyl-2-butene, another new natural product, and five C5 compounds exhibiting a similar isoprenoid structure were observed in P. giganteus. Striking contrasts were observed in the chemical profiles of the species we examined, with even general chemical classes differentially represented among them.

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Hodgkison, Robert, Sharon T. Balding, Akbar Zubaid, and Thomas H. Kunz. "Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) as Seed Dispersers and Pollinators in a Lowland Malaysian Rain Forest1." BIOTROPICA 35, no. 4 (2003): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1646/03043.

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Crowley, GV, and LS Hall. "Histological Observations on the Wing of the Grey-Headed Flying-Fox (Pteropus-Poliocephalus) (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 2 (1994): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940215.

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The histological features of the wing membrane of Pteropus poliocephalus are described at both the light and electron microscope level. A method is described for the processing of bat wing tissue for both light and electron microscopy. The flight membrane of P. poliocephalus had a dorsal and ventral layer of epidermis with a common dermis in between. There was no hypodermis and all layers were greatly reduced in comparison with the skin of other mammals. The epidermis consisted of three layers of active keratinocytes, covered by 7-10 layers of cornified cells. Melanocytes were generally confined to the basal layer and were more numerous in the dorsal epidermis. Prominent droplets of a lipid-like substance were found in the epidermal keratinocytes and these coalesced towards the superficial layers. It is postulated that the substance contained in these droplets is a waterproofing agent. The dermis consisted mainly of collagen bundles with a network of elastin bands. An array of hair-dome complexes were found on the wing membrane surface. These receptors are similar to those described in several microchiropterans, where it is thought they provide information on airflow patterns over the wing.

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