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Journal articles on the topic 'Chiropractic'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

De la Ruelle, Lobke P., Annemarie de Zoete, Cornelius Myburgh, Hella E. Brandt, and Sidney M. Rubinstein. "The perceived barriers and facilitators for chiropractic care in older adults with low back pain; insights from a qualitative exploration in a dutch context." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 12, 2023): e0283661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283661.

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Background Understanding care seeking behaviour is vital to enabling access to care. In the context of low back pain (LBP), chiropractors offer services to patients of all ages. Currently, geriatric sub-populations tend to be under-investigated, despite the disproportionate effects of LBP on older adults. In the Netherlands, the chiropractic profession is relatively unknown and therefore, generally speaking, is not considered as the first choice for conservative musculoskeletal primary health care. The aim of this paper was to explore the experiences of older adults with LBP, seeking chiropracic care for the first time, in order to identify perceived barriers and facilitators in this process. Methods Stage 1: Participants 56 years of age and older with chronic LBP who either sought or did not seek chiropractic care were interviewed to provide detailed information on the factors that promoted or impeded care-seeking behaviour. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit participants through a network of researchers, chiropractors and other healthcare professionals offering musculoskeletal health care services. Individuals with underlying pathology, previous surgery for LBP, or insufficient mastery of the Dutch language were excluded. Data were collected until saturation was reached and thematically analysed. Stage 2: To further explore the themes, a focus group interview was conducted with a provider stakeholder group consisting of:two physiotherapists, a nurse practitioner, a geriatrician, and a chiropractor. All interviews were conducted online, voice recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Results We interviewed 11 older adults with low back pain. During this process four themes emerged that captured their perception and experiences in either seeking or dismissing chiropractic care for their LBP; these being ‘generic’, ‘financial’, ‘expectation’, and ‘the image of the chiropractor’. The focus group members largely confirmed the identified themes, highlighting a lack of awarenes and accessibility as key barriers to care. On the other hand, whe chiropractior as an alternative care provider, with a focus on manual interventions, was seen as a facilitator. Conclusions The lack of knowledge about chiropractic care was found to be the most important barrier to seeking care. The most important facilitator was insufficient resolution of their symptoms following previous care, making patients look further for a solution for their problem. These barriers and facilitators seem not to differ greatly from barriers and facilitators found among younger patients with neck pain. Age and health condition may therefore be weak determinants of care. This new information may help us optimize accessibility for older adults to the chiropractor.
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Fjaagesund, Shauna Dawn, Wayne Graham, Evan Jones, Andrew Ladhams, Mark Sayers, Gary Campbell, Xiang-Yu Hou, Marius-Ionut Ungureanu, and Florin Oprescu. "Chiropractors in Multidisciplinary Teams: Enablers of Colocation Integration in GP-Led Primary Healthcare." Healthcare 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2024): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12090926.

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The aim of this study was to explore and document the enablers and barriers of chiropractic care colocation in general practice at a large-scale private primary care centre in Australia. This study focused on the perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding this integration. The research setting was a large integrated primary care centre located in an outer metro, low-socioeconomic area in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Participant inclusion criteria included general medical practitioners, practice nurses, and medical managers who self-reported interactions with the physically collocated and integrated chiropractic practice. Data was collected from 22 participants using face-to-face, qualitative, semi-structured interviews with an average duration of 32 min. The data collected included perceptions of chiropractic treatment, enablers to patient referral pathways, and views of the integrated chiropractic care model. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted on the data set. All participants reported that this was their first exposure to the colocation of a chiropractor within a general medical practice. Four key enablers of chiropractic care integration were identified: (1) the practitioner [chiropractor], (2) the organisation [general practice], (3) consumer flow, and (4) the environment [shared spaces and tenant ecosystem]. The chiropractic integration enhanced knowledge sharing and interprofessional trust among healthcare providers. The formal reporting of patient outcomes and understanding of the chiropractor’s scope of practice further enabled referrals to the service. Shared administrative and business processes, including patient records, booking systems, and clinical meetings, facilitated relationship development between the chiropractor and referring health providers. Colocation as part of a larger primary care centre created proximity and convenience for health providers in terms of interprofessional communication, and for patients, in terms of access to chiropractic services. Existing governance structures supported communication, professional education, and shared values related to the delivery of patient-centred care. Identified barriers included limited public funding for chiropractic services resulting in reduced access for patients of low-socioeconomic status. Additionally, scepticism or negativity towards the discipline of chiropractic care was identified as an initial barrier to refer patients. In most cases, this view towards the chiropractor was overcome by regular patient reporting of positive treatment outcomes to their GP, the delivery of education sessions by the chiropractor for the health providers, and the development of interprofessional trust between the chiropractor and referring health providers. This study provides preliminary evidence and a conceptual framework of factors influencing the successful integration of chiropractic care within an Australian large primary care centre. The data collected indicated that integration of chiropractic care into a primary care centre serving a low-socioeconomic region can be achieved with a high degree of health provider satisfaction.
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Yalden, Philip, Christina Cunliffe, and Adrian Hunnisett. "An investigation into the demographics and motivations of students studying for a chiropractic degree." Journal of Chiropractic Education 27, no. 2 (September 1, 2013): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-13-8.

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Objective This research aimed to investigate motivations for studying chiropractic, and to determine what students look for in a course/college and potential barriers to studying chiropractic. Methods The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Following IRB/Ethical approval, a paper-based questionnaire was distributed to students at McTimoney College of Chiropractic. Demographic data were compared to another chiropractic college in the United Kingdom. Results The questionnaire response rate was 70.8% (n = 121). Motivating factors for studying chiropractic included a desire to help others (54.5%, n = 66), with 44.6% (n = 54) attracted by chiropractic's holistic, drugless approach to health. Previous help from chiropractic influenced 55.4% (n = 67) and 22.3% (n = 27) felt chiropractic had “changed their life.” Just over half of the respondents (55.4%, n = 67) viewed the ability to work while studying as extremely important and 73.6% (n = 89) said they could not have studied chiropractic without this. Conclusion Previous help from chiropractic care was a common motivation for studying chiropractic. The ability to work while studying was seen as vital by many students and, without it, the vast majority felt they could not have studied chiropractic.
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Bernstein, Carolyn, Peter M. Wayne, Pamela M. Rist, Kamila Osypiuk, Audrey Hernandez, and Matthew Kowalski. "Integrating Chiropractic Care Into the Treatment of Migraine Headaches in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Case Series." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 8 (January 2019): 216495611983577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956119835778.

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This case series illustrates an integrated model of care for migraine that combines standard neurological care with chiropractic treatment. For each patient, we describe the rationale for referral, diagnosis by both the neurologist and chiropractor, the coordinated care plan, communication between the neurologist and chiropractor based on direct face-to-face “hallway” interaction, medical notes, team meetings, and clinical outcomes. Findings are evaluated within the broader context of the multicause nature of migraine and the impact of integrative chiropractic. Suggestions for future areas of research evaluating integrative approaches are discussed.
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Whedon, James M., Andrew W. J. Toler, Louis A. Kazal, Serena Bezdjian, Justin M. Goehl, and Jay Greenstein. "Impact of Chiropractic Care on Use of Prescription Opioids in Patients with Spinal Pain." Pain Medicine 21, no. 12 (March 6, 2020): 3567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa014.

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Abstract Objective Utilization of nonpharmacological pain management may prevent unnecessary use of opioids. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of chiropractic utilization upon use of prescription opioids among patients with spinal pain. Design and Setting We employed a retrospective cohort design for analysis of health claims data from three contiguous states for the years 2012–2017. Subjects We included adults aged 18–84 years enrolled in a health plan and with office visits to a primary care physician or chiropractor for spinal pain. We identified two cohorts of subjects: Recipients received both primary care and chiropractic care, and nonrecipients received primary care but not chiropractic care. Methods We performed adjusted time-to-event analyses to compare recipients and nonrecipients with regard to the risk of filling an opioid prescription. We stratified the recipient populations as: acute (first chiropractic encounter within 30 days of diagnosis) and nonacute (all other patients). Results The total number of subjects was 101,221. Overall, between 1.55 and 2.03 times more nonrecipients filled an opioid prescription, as compared with recipients (in Connecticut: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–2.17, P = 0.010; in New Hampshire: HR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.92–2.14, P < 0.0001). Similar differences were observed for the acute groups. Conclusions Patients with spinal pain who saw a chiropractor had half the risk of filling an opioid prescription. Among those who saw a chiropractor within 30 days of diagnosis, the reduction in risk was greater as compared with those with their first visit after the acute phase.
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Ebrall, Phillip, Barry Draper, and Adrian Repka. "Towards a 21st Century Paradigm of Chiropractic: Stage 1, Redesigning Clinical Learning." Journal of Chiropractic Education 22, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/1042-5055-22.2.152.

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Objective: To describe a formal process designed to determine the nature and extent of change that may enhance the depth of student learning in the pre-professional, clinical chiropractic environment. Methods: Project teams in the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) School of Health Sciences and the Division of Chiropractic explored questions of clinical assessment in several health care disciplines of the School and the issue of implementing change in a manner that would be embraced by the clinicians who supervise student-learning in the clinical environment. The teams applied to RMIT for grant funding within the Learning and Teaching Investment Fund to support two proposed studies. Results: Both research proposals were fully funded and are in process. Discussion: The genesis of this work is the discovery that the predominant management plan in the chiropractic teaching clinics is based on diagnostic reductionism. It is felt this is counter-productive to the holistic dimensions of chiropractic practice taught in the classroom and non-supportive of chiropractic's paradigm shift towards wellness. A need is seen to improve processes around student assessment in the contemporary work-integrated learning that is a prime element of learning within the clinical disciplines of the School of Health Sciences, including chiropractic. Conclusion: Any improvements in the manner of clinical assessment within the chiropractic discipline will need to be accompanied by improvement in the training and development of the clinicians responsible for managing the provision of quality patient care by Registered Chiropractic Students.
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Skappak, Christopher, and Erik J. Saude. "Back pain in the emergency department: Pathological fracture following spinal manipulation." CJEM 20, no. 2 (April 17, 2017): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.19.

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AbstractBack pain is one of the most common presentations to the emergency department. Though case reports of patients presenting with increased back pain following chiropractic spinal manipulations are rare, we have identified a case rarely reported in the literature where a potential injury from chiropractic manipulation resulted in a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. We have reported a previously healthy 66-year-old male who presented with persistent lower back pain over 4 weeks. An initial evaluation with thoracolumbar radiographs revealed no significant findings. Following initial presentation to the family physician, the patient underwent three treatments of spinal manipulation from his local chiropractor, which resulted in worsening lower back pain. A re-examination and new radiographs in the hospital revealed multiple compression fractures and an underlying diagnosis of multiple myeloma. We have explored current literature examining the prevalence of lower back pain, as well as the incidence of spinal fracture following chiropractic manipulation, and have highlighted a potential complication from chiropractic manipulation in a patient with an undiagnosed underlying neoplastic disorder.
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Mior, Silvano, Jessica Wong, Deborah Sutton, Peter J. H. Beliveau, André Bussières, Sheilah Hogg-Johnson, and Simon French. "Understanding patient profiles and characteristics of current chiropractic practice: a cross-sectional Ontario Chiropractic Observation and Analysis STudy (O-COAST)." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e029851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029851.

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ObjectivesThere is no current detailed profile of people seeking chiropractic care in Canada. We describe the profiles of chiropractors’ practice and the reasons, nature of the care provided to their patients and extent of interprofessional collaborations in Ontario, Canada.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingPrimary care setting in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsWe randomly recruited chiropractors from a list of registered chiropractors (n=3978) in active practice in 2015. Of the 135 randomly selected chiropractors, 120 were eligible, 43 participated and 42 completed the study.Outcome measuresEach chiropractor recorded information for up to 100 consecutive patient encounters, documenting patient health profiles, reasons for encounter, diagnoses and care provided. Descriptive statistics summarised chiropractor, patient and encounter characteristics, with analyses accounting for clustering and design effects.ResultsChiropractors provided data on 3523 chiropractor-patient encounters. More than 65% of participating chiropractors were male, mean age 44 years and had practised on average 15 years. The typical patient was female (59% of encounters), between 45 and 64 years (43%) and retired (21%) or employed in business and administration (13%). Most (39.4%) referrals were from other patients, with 6.8% from physicians. Approximately 68% of patients paid out of pocket or claimed extended health insurance for care. Most common diagnoses were back (49%, 95% CI 44 to 56) and neck (15%, 95% CI 13 to 18) problems, with few encounters related to maintenance/preventive care (0.86%, 95% CI 0.2 to 3.9) and non-musculoskeletal problems (1.3%, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.3). The most common treatments included spinal manipulation (72%), soft tissue therapy (70%) and mobilisation (35%).ConclusionsThis is the most comprehensive profile to date of chiropractic practice in Canada. People who present to Ontario chiropractors are mostly adults with a musculoskeletal condition. Our results can be used by stakeholders to make informed decisions about workforce development, education and healthcare policy related to chiropractic care.
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Hunnisett, Adrian G. W., and Christina Cunliffe. "A comparison of the academic outcome of chiropractic students on full-time and full-time equivalent chiropractic education routes." Journal of Chiropractic Education 34, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-18-4.

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Objective To compare the academic equivalence of full-time (FT) and full-time equivalent (FTE) delivery routes for chiropractic training and to assess nontraditional education delivery as a viable method for training chiropractors. Methods A retrospective analysis of student summative assessment data was undertaken on a total of 196 FT and FTE students studying for the master's in chiropractic degree at a UK chiropractic college between 2009 and graduating by 2017. The analysis consisted of within-group comparison and between-group comparisons using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The demographics of the 2 student groups varied in terms of gender and age distribution. The analysis of summative data indicated no differences between the 2 routes of delivery. There was also no difference in the distribution of final degree classification outcome between the 2 routes. Conclusions While it is possible that demographic differences influence the outcomes in each training route, this preliminary study indicates that, based only on analysis of overall achievement, there is no difference in either FT or FTE programs in training chiropractors, allowing them to register with the UK regulatory body. It suggests that a nontraditional mode of delivery is an achievable route to qualification as a chiropractor, enabling a greater number of students to consider chiropractic as a career choice while managing other life commitments.
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de Luca, Katie E., Jordan A. Gliedt, Matthew Fernandez, Greg Kawchuk, and Michael S. Swain. "The identity, role, setting, and future of chiropractic practice: a survey of Australian and New Zealand chiropractic students." Journal of Chiropractic Education 32, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-17-24.

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Objective: To evaluate Australian and New Zealand chiropractic students' opinions regarding the identity, role setting, and future of chiropractic practice. Methods: An online, cross-sectional survey was administered to chiropractic students in all chiropractic programs in Australia and New Zealand. The survey explored student viewpoints about the identity, role/scope, setting, and future of chiropractic practice as it relates to chiropractic education and health promotion. Associations between the number of years in the program, highest degree preceding chiropractic education, institution, and opinion summary scores were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance tests. Results: A total of 347 chiropractic students participated in the study. For identity, most students (51.3%) hold strongly to the traditional chiropractic theory but also agree (94.5%) it is important that chiropractors are educated in evidence-based practice. The main predictor of student viewpoints was a student's chiropractic institution (Pillai's trace =.638, F[16, 1368] = 16.237, p < .001). Chiropractic institution explained over 50% of the variance around student opinions about role/scope of practice and approximately 25% for identity and future practice. Conclusions: Chiropractic students in Australia and New Zealand seem to hold both traditional and mainstream viewpoints toward chiropractic practice. However, students from different chiropractic institutions have divergent opinions about the identity, role, setting, and future of chiropractic practice, which is most strongly predicted by the institution. Chiropractic education may be a potential determinant of chiropractic professional identity, raising concerns about heterogeneity between chiropractic schools.
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Grace, Sandra, Roger Engel, and Ian Jalsion. "Themes Underlying Australian General Practitioner Views towards Chiropractic and Osteopathy: An Assessment of Free Text Data from a Cross-Sectional Survey." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2786106.

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The Australian chiropractic and osteopathic professions underwent a period of significant transformation between 1960 and 2000. This resulted in an improvement in the views held by the medical profession towards the two professions. However, a recent survey of Australian general practitioners (GPs) reported that a number of GPs still hold negative views towards chiropractors and osteopaths. This paper examines these views from the perspective of critical realism and explores the generative mechanisms that can influence the willingness of health practitioners to collaborate over patient care. A qualitative analysis of open-ended responses to a survey of 630 Australian GPs was conducted. Unfavourable attitudes of GPs towards chiropractors and osteopaths included perceived lack of safety, efficacy, and inadequacy of training, despite chiropractic’s and osteopathy’s reliance on the same evidence base and similar training to those of other manual therapy professions such as physiotherapy. These attitudes may be underpinned by the professional biases against chiropractic and osteopathy that continue to marginalise the professions within the Australian healthcare system. Continued investment in the research base for chiropractic and osteopathic practice is required, along with raising the awareness of GPs about the education and skills of chiropractors and osteopaths.
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Dunn, Andrew S. "A Survey of Chiropractic Academic Affiliations Within the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System." Journal of Chiropractic Education 21, no. 2 (October 1, 2007): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/1042-5055-21.2.138.

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Purpose: With the recent implementation of chiropractic into the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, chiropractic institutions nationwide now share common educational ground with many of the nation's medical schools and other educational institutions. Chiropractic students may undergo clinical training within VA medical facilities that have affiliation agreements with chiropractic institutions. The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the current state of chiropractic academic affiliations within the VA. Methods: Survey method was utilized to obtain information about the program design and operation of VA chiropractic academic affiliations. Results: Chiropractic academic affiliations have been establishedwithin four VA medical facilities in association with three chiropractic colleges. There was considerable variation in staffing and internship duration among the locations. Conclusion: The four existing chiropractic academic affiliations were dissimilar in terms of their design and operation with different strengths and program characteristics identified. Additional study is indicated to determine the impact that program variation has on the clinical care and educational functions of VA chiropractic academic affiliations. (The Journal of Chiropractic Education 21(2): 138–143, 2007)
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Homola, Samuel. "Chiropractic." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 443, &NA; (March 2006): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000200258.95865.87.

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Hadler, Nortin M. "CHIROPRACTIC." Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 26, no. 1 (February 2000): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70123-x.

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Dagenais, Simon, and Scott Haldeman. "Chiropractic." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 29, no. 2 (June 2002): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(01)00005-7.

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Ernst, Edzard. "Chiropractic." Annals of Internal Medicine 137, no. 8 (October 15, 2002): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00025.

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Fink, Daniel J. "Chiropractic." Annals of Internal Medicine 137, no. 8 (October 15, 2002): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00026.

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Chotkowski, Ludmil A. "Chiropractic." Annals of Internal Medicine 137, no. 8 (October 15, 2002): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00027.

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Fredrickson, Ronald L. "Chiropractic." Annals of Internal Medicine 137, no. 8 (October 15, 2002): W1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00027-w1.

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Meeker, William C., and Scott Haldeman. "Chiropractic." Annals of Internal Medicine 137, no. 8 (October 15, 2002): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00028.

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Kaptchuk, Ted J., and David M. Eisenberg. "Chiropractic." Archives of Internal Medicine 158, no. 20 (November 9, 1998): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.20.2215.

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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 6: Preparing for the lawsuit." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-27.

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Objective This is the sixth article in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the plaintiffs, lead lawyer, and the events immediately before the lawsuit was filed. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 articles following a successive timeline. This article, the sixth of the series, explores the plaintiffs' stories. Results Because of the AMA's boycott on chiropractic, chiropractors were not able to collaborate with medical physicians or refer patients to medical facilities, which resulted in restricted trade and potential harm to patients' well-being. The plaintiffs, Patricia Arthur, James Bryden, Michael Pedigo, and Chester Wilk, came from different regions of the United States. Each had unique experiences and were compelled to seek justice. The lead lawyer, Mr George McAndrews, was the son of a chiropractor and had witnessed the effect that the AMA's attacks on chiropractic had on his father. It took several years to gather enough resources to file the suit, which was submitted in 1976. Conclusion The conflicts that the plaintiffs experienced stimulated them to pursue a lawsuit against the AMA and other organized political medicine groups.
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Wong, Jessica J., Luciano Di Loreto, Alim Kara, Kavan Yu, Alicia Mattia, David Soave, Karen Weyman, and Deborah Kopansky-Giles. "Assessing the change in attitudes, knowledge, and perspectives of medical students towards chiropractic after an educational intervention*." Journal of Chiropractic Education 28, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-14-16.

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Objective We assessed the change in attitudes, knowledge, and perspectives of medical students towards chiropractic after a 1-hour educational intervention. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used with a 52-item cross-sectional paper survey and 1 focus group of third-year medical students. The views of these medical students towards chiropractic were assessed previously in their second-year of medical school. ANOVA and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to assess between-group differences between the medical students' views before and after the educational intervention. The constant comparative method for analyzing qualitative data was used to identify emergent themes from the focus group transcript. Results Of 112 third-year medical students, 58 completed the survey (51.7% response rate). The focus group consisted of 6 medical students. Self-reported understanding of chiropractic and number of attitude-positive responses were significantly higher in the group after the educational session. The average number of correct responses assessing knowledge on chiropractic also was significantly higher. Focus group themes were that medical students wanted exposure to chiropractic in clinical settings, had negative attitudes towards chiropractic formed from hidden curriculum, had concerns regarding evidence and safety of chiropractic, and thought that timing of the session on chiropractic was too late in the curriculum. Conclusions The attitudes and knowledge of medical students towards chiropractic improved immediately after a 1-hour educational intervention. Formally educating medical students on chiropractic may help minimize hidden curriculum issues regarding chiropractic, as identified by the medical students, and facilitate collaboration between medical and chiropractic providers.
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Mansholt, Barbara A., Stacie A. Salsbury, Lance G. Corber, and John S. Stites. "Essential literature for the chiropractic profession: Results and implementation challenges from a survey of international chiropractic faculty." Journal of Chiropractic Education 31, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-17-4.

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Objective: Scientific literature applicable to chiropractic practice proliferates in quantity, quality, and source. Chiropractic is a worldwide profession and varies in scope between states or provinces and from country to country. It is logical to consider that the focus and emphasis of chiropractic education varies between programs as well. This original research study endeavored to determine “essential literature” recommended by chiropractic faculty. The purpose of this article is (1) to share our results and (2) to promote discussion and explore means for future collaboration of chiropractic faculty through a worldwide platform. Methods: A 2-phase recruitment occurred initially at the institutional level and subsequently at the faculty level. A Web-based survey used qualitative data collection methods to gather bibliographic citations. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographics, and citation responses were ranked per number of recommendations, grouped into categories, and tabulated per journal source and publication date. Results: Forty-one chiropractic programs were contacted, resulting in 30 participating chiropractic programs (16 US and 14 international). Forty-five faculty members completed the entire survey, submitting 126 peer-reviewed publications and 25 additional citations. Readings emphasized clinical management of spine pain, the science of spinal manipulation, effectiveness of manual therapies, teaching of chiropractic techniques, outcomes assessments, and professional issues. Conclusion: A systematic approach to surveying educators in international chiropractic institutions was accomplished. The results of the survey provide a list of essential literature for the chiropractic profession. We recommend establishing a chiropractic faculty registry for improved communication and collaboration.
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Weis, Carol Ann, Kent Stuber, Jon Barrett, Alexandra Greco, Alexander Kipershlak, Tierney Glenn, Ryan Desjardins, Jennifer Nash, and Jason Busse. "Attitudes Toward Chiropractic." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 21, no. 2 (September 8, 2015): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587215604073.

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We assessed the attitudes of Canadian obstetricians toward chiropractic with a 38-item cross-sectional survey. Ninety-one obstetricians completed the survey, for a response rate of 14% (91 of 659). Overall, 30% of respondents held positive views toward chiropractic, 37% were neutral, and 33% reported negative views. Most (77%) reported that chiropractic care was effective for some musculoskeletal complaints, but 74% disagreed that chiropractic had a role in treatment of non-musculoskeletal conditions. Forty percent of respondents referred at least some patients for chiropractic care each year, and 56% were interested in learning more about chiropractic care. Written comments from respondents revealed concerns regarding safety of spinal manipulation and variability among chiropractors. Canadian obstetricians’ attitudes toward chiropractic are diverse and referrals to chiropractic care for their patients who suffer from pregnancy-related low back pain are limited. Improved interprofessional relations may help optimize care of pregnant patients suffering from low back pain.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 4: Committee on Quackery." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-25.

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Objective This is the fourth article in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit, in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the history of the origins of AMA's increased efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession and the development of the Chiropractic Committee, which would later become the AMA Committee on Quackery. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 articles following a successive timeline. This article is the fourth of the series that explores the origins of AMA's increased efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession. Results In the 1950s, the number of chiropractors grew in Iowa, and chiropractors were seeking equity with other health professions through legislation. In response, the Iowa State Medical Society created a Chiropractic Committee to contain chiropractic and prompted the creation of the “Iowa Plan” to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession. The AMA leadership was enticed by the plan and hired the Iowa State Medical Society's legislative counsel, who structured the operation. The AMA adopted the Iowa Plan for nationwide implementation to eradicate chiropractic. The formation of the AMA's Committee on Chiropractic, which was later renamed the Committee on Quackery (CoQ), led overt and covert campaigns against chiropractic. Both national chiropractic associations were fully aware of many, but not all, of organized medicine's plans to restrain chiropractic. Conclusion By the 1960s, organized medicine heightened its efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession. The intensified campaign began in Iowa and was adopted by the AMA as a national campaign. Although the meetings of the AMA committees were not public, the war against chiropractic was distributed widely in lay publications, medical sources, and even chiropractic journals. Details about events would eventually be more fully revealed during the Wilk v AMA trials.
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Sikorski, David M., Anupama KizhakkeVeettil, and Gene S. Tobias. "The influence of curricular and extracurricular learning activities on students' choice of chiropractic technique." Journal of Chiropractic Education 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-15-6.

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Objective: Surveys for the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners indicate that diversified chiropractic technique is the most commonly used chiropractic manipulation method. The study objective was to investigate the influences of our diversified core technique curriculum, a technique survey course, and extracurricular technique activities on students' future practice technique preferences. Methods: We conducted an anonymous, voluntary survey of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year chiropractic students at our institution. Surveys were pretested for face validity, and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: We had 164 students (78% response rate) participate in the survey. Diversified was the most preferred technique for future practice by students, and more than half who completed the chiropractic technique survey course reported changing their future practice technique choice as a result. The students surveyed agreed that the chiropractic technique curriculum and their experiences with chiropractic practitioners were the two greatest bases for their current practice technique preference, and that their participation in extracurricular technique clubs and seminars was less influential. Conclusions: Students appear to have the same practice technique preferences as practicing chiropractors. The chiropractic technique curriculum and the students' experience with chiropractic practitioners seem to have the greatest influence on their choice of chiropractic technique for future practice. Extracurricular activities, including technique clubs and seminars, although well attended, showed a lesser influence on students' practice technique preferences.
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Dunn, Andrew S. "Department of Defense Chiropractic Internships: A Survey of Internship Participants and Nonparticipants." Journal of Chiropractic Education 20, no. 2 (October 1, 2006): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/1042-5055-20.2.115.

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Objective: Department of Defense (DoD) chiropractic internships first began in July of 2001. At the time of this study, 30 New York Chiropractic College student interns had completed part of their clinical education within chiropractic clinics at either the National Naval Medical Center or Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the careers of DoD chiropractic internship participants with comparable nonparticipants in terms of demographics, professional activities, income, and satisfaction. Methods: Survey research was employed to gather data from DoD chiropractic internship participants and comparable nonparticipants. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine significant differences with a nominal significance level set as .05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in demographics, professional activities, income, or career satisfaction between the 21 DoD chiropractic internship participants (70% response rate) and 35 internship nonparticipants (35% response rate). Conclusions: This study utilized practice parameters as a form of feedback for a comparative analysis of DoD chiropractic internship participants and nonparticipants and found no significant differences between these groups. Limitations of the study may have influenced the results. Opportunities for chiropractic students to train within these settings remains limited and should be further explored, as should additional research into this component of chiropractic clinical education.
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MOEHLECKE, DESIREE, and LUIZ ALBERTO FORGIARINI JUNIOR. "EFFECTIVENESS OF CHIROPRACTIC ADJUSTMENT IN LUMBAR PAIN IN CROSSFIT PRACTITIONERS." Coluna/Columna 16, no. 3 (September 2017): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120171603170320.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of acute chiropractic adjustment in individuals who practice CrossFit with regard to complaints of low back pain and the joint range of motion in this region. Methods: A randomized clinical trial comprised of CrossFit practitioners from a box in Novo Hamburgo-RS, of both sexes and aged 18 to 40 years who had low back pain at the time of the study. The following tools were used: Semi-structured Anamnesis Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire. Individuals in the control group answered the questionnaires before and after CrossFit training. The chiropractic group performed the same procedure, plus pre-training chiropractic adjustment and joint range of motion (ROM) before and after lumbar adjustment. Results: There was a significant increase in pain in the control group, and a significant decrease in pain in the chiropractic group, including one day after the chiropractic adjustment. In the chiropractic group, the joint ranges of motion had a significant increase in flexion and extension of the lumbar spine after chiropractic adjustment. Conclusion: The chiropractic group achieved a significant improvement in pain level and joint range of motion, suggesting that acute chiropractic adjustment was effective in reducing low back pain.
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Himelfarb, Igor, Bruce L. Shotts, and Andrew R. Gow. "Examining the validity of chiropractic grade point averages for predicting National Board of Chiropractic Examiners Part I exam scores." Journal of Chiropractic Education 36, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-20-5.

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ABSTRACT Objective The main objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of grade point average (GPA) for predicting the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) Part I exam scores using chiropractic GPA. Methods Data were collected during the January 2019 computer-based testing administration of the NBCE's Part I exam. The sample size was n = 2278 of test takers from 18 domestic and 4 international chiropractic educational institutions. Six regression models were developed and tested to predict the Part I domain scores from chiropractic GPA while controlling for self-reported demographic variables. Residuals from the models were disaggregated by pre–chiropractic GPA. Results Chiropractic GPA revealed a positive, statistically significant correlation with sex. The chiropractic GPA was found to be a significant predictor of the Part I domain scores. A different perspective was obtained when residuals (observed minus predicted) were collected and split by the pre–chiropractic GPA. Very good students tended to be underpredicted, while other students were overpredicted. Conclusion This study builds on the cascading evidence from educational literature by providing additional results suggesting that undergraduate (prechiropractic) GPA as well as the GPA obtained in doctor of chiropractic programs are related to the future performance on the NBCE Part I exam. The results provide a first glance at the connection between the standardized test scores, which are often used for instructors' and institutional evaluation and the GPA obtained in a doctor of chiropractic program.
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Chen, Yimin, Mohammad Mofatteh, Thanh N. Nguyen, Jack Wellington, Wenlong Wei, Wenjun Liang, Gan Chen, Zhaohui Hu, Kexun Ouyang, and Shuiquan Yang. "Carotid Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Following Cervical Chiropractic Manipulation: Two Case Reports." Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 56, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15385744211072660.

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Objective Patients can be at risk of carotid artery dissection and ischemic stroke after cervical chiropractic manipulation. However, such risks are rarely reported and raising awareness can increase the safety of chiropractic manipulations. Case Report We present two middle-aged patients with carotid artery dissection leading to ischemic stroke after receiving chiropractic manipulation in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. Both patients had new-onset pain in their necks after receiving chiropractic manipulations. Excess physical force during chiropractic manipulation may present a risk to patients. Patient was administered with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator after radiological diagnoses. They were prescribed 100 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg daily for 3 months as dual antiplatelet therapy. There were no complications over the follow-up period. Conclusion These cases suggest that dissection of the carotid artery can occur as the result of chiropractic manipulations. Patients should be diagnosed and treated early to achieve positive outcomes. The safety of chiropractic manipulations should be increased by raising awareness about the potential risks.
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Whedon, James M., Melissa N. Kimura, and Reed B. Phillips. "Racial Disparities in Use of Chiropractic Services by Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 to 99 in Los Angeles County, California." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 21, no. 2 (September 8, 2015): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587215604784.

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Racial and ethnic disparities in utilization of chiropractic services have been described at the state level, but little is known about such local disparities. We analyzed Medicare data for the year 2008 to evaluate by ZIP code for utilization of chiropractic services among older adults in Los Angeles County, California. We evaluated for availability and use of chiropractic services by racial/ethnic category, quantified geographic variations by coefficient of variation, and mapped utilization by selected racial/ethnic categories. Among 7502 beneficiaries who used chiropractic services, 72% were white, 12% Asian, 1% black, 1% Hispanic, and 14% other/unknown. Variation in the number of beneficiaries per ZIP code who used chiropractic services was highest among Hispanics, blacks, and Asians. We found evidence of racial disparities in use of chiropractic services at the local level in Los Angeles County. Older blacks and Hispanics in Los Angeles County may be underserved with regard to chiropractic care.
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Wiles, Michael R., Craig S. Little, and John P. Mrozek. "Revised methodology for the examinations of the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners: Impact on institutions, faculty, and students." Journal of Chiropractic Education 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-19-28.

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For over 50 years, the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) has administered pre-licensure examinations to chiropractic students and graduates. During this time, the testing process has been continually refined and improved, consistent with the evolving science and practices of standardized testing. NBCE test results are provided to chiropractic program leaders who use these data to improve their curricula as part of their own ongoing efforts to refine and improve the academic programs. Finally, the Council on Chiropractic Education (CCE) requires accredited chiropractic programs to report their NBCE scores to ensure that benchmarks set by the CCE are met. With this symbiotic relationship between the NBCE, CCE, and chiropractic programs (as well as state licensing authorities), it is very important that these groups collaborate and communicate with transparency and diplomacy. In particular, the chiropractic program leaders—and their students as the end users—are vitally interested in monitoring changes at the NBCE and CCE levels that may impact their programs. Recent changes in testing methodology for the NBCE examinations need to be understood and monitored to ensure that they result in their intended outcome, which is greater validity of the testing process. This commentary reflects the views and concerns of 3 chiropractic educational leaders and is intended to facilitate further discussion among chiropractic program leaders toward strengthening the aforementioned symbiotic relationship.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 3: Chiropractic growth." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-24.

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Objective This is the third paper in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the history of the growth of chiropractic, its public relations campaigns, and infighting that contributed to the events surrounding the Wilk v AMA lawsuit. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers following a successive timeline. This paper is the third of the series that explores the growth the chiropractic profession. Results By the 1930s, the AMA was already under investigation for violation of antitrust laws and the National Chiropractic Association was suggesting that the AMA was establishing a health care monopoly. Chiropractic schools grew and the number of graduates rose quickly. Public relations campaigns and publications in the popular press attempted to educate the public about chiropractic. Factions within the profession polarized around differing views of how they thought that chiropractic should be practiced and portrayed to the public. The AMA leaders noted the infighting and used it to their advantage to subvert chiropractic. Conclusion Chiropractic grew rapidly and established its presence with the American public through public relations campaigns and popular press. However, infighting would give the AMA material to further its efforts to contain and eliminate the chiropractic profession.
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Johnson, Claire D., and Bart N. Green. "Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 8: Judgment impact." Journal of Chiropractic Education 35, S1 (September 1, 2021): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-21-29.

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Objective This paper is the eighth in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possible impact that the final decision in favor of the plaintiffs may have had on the chiropractic profession. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. Our methods included obtaining primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers following a successive timeline. This paper is the eighth of the series that discusses how the trial decision may have influenced the chiropractic that we know today in the United States. Results Chiropractic practice, education, and research have changed since before the lawsuit was filed. There are several areas in which we propose that the trial decision may have had an impact on the chiropractic profession. Conclusion The lawsuit removed the barriers that were implemented by organized medicine against the chiropractic profession. The quality of chiropractic practice, education, and research continues to improve and the profession continues to meet its most fundamental mission: to improve the lives of patients. Chiropractors practicing in the United States today are allowed to collaborate freely with other health professionals. Today, patients have the option to access chiropractic care because of the dedicated efforts of many people to reduce the previous barriers. It is up to the present-day members of the medical and chiropractic professions to look back and to remember what happened. By recalling the events surrounding the lawsuit, we may have a better understanding about our professions today. This information may help to facilitate interactions between medicine and chiropractic and to develop more respectful partnerships focused on creating a better future for the health of the public. The future of the chiropractic profession rests in the heads, hearts, and hands of its current members to do what is right.
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Green, Bart N., Claire D. Johnson, Clinton J. Daniels, Jason G. Napuli, Jordan A. Gliedt, and David J. Paris. "Integration of Chiropractic Services in Military and Veteran Health Care Facilities." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 21, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587215621461.

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This literature review examined studies that described practice, utilization, and policy of chiropractic services within military and veteran health care environments. A systematic search of Medline, CINAHL, and Index to Chiropractic Literature was performed from inception through April 2015. Thirty articles met inclusion criteria. Studies reporting utilization and policy show that chiropractic services are successfully implemented in various military and veteran health care settings and that integration varies by facility. Doctors of chiropractic that are integrated within military and veteran health care facilities manage common neurological, musculoskeletal, and other conditions; severe injuries obtained in combat; complex cases; and cases that include psychosocial factors. Chiropractors collaboratively manage patients with other providers and focus on reducing morbidity for veterans and rehabilitating military service members to full duty status. Patient satisfaction with chiropractic services is high. Preliminary findings show that chiropractic management of common conditions shows significant improvement.
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Thomas, W. L. "Chiropractic revisited." Medical Journal of Australia 143, no. 6 (September 1985): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122992.x.

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Pringle, R. Kevin. "Sports chiropractic." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 23, no. 6 (August 2000): 0439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mmt.2000.108137a.

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Ernst, E. "Pediatric Chiropractic." Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 17, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): e31-e31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01142.x.

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Leahy, Michael. "Chiropractic perspective." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 5, no. 4 (October 2001): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jbmt.2001.0245.

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O'Donnell, Elspeth. "Pediatric Chiropractic." Physiotherapy 85, no. 6 (June 1999): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)67143-x.

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Lingwood, Alison. "Chiropractic Technique." Physiotherapy 80, no. 9 (September 1994): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)60914-5.

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Hemingway, Andrea. "Chiropractic Technique." Physiotherapy 89, no. 11 (November 2003): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60105-8.

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Reed, Michael P. "Chiropractic management." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 1, no. 1 (October 1996): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-8592(96)80006-4.

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Hyman, J. "Chiropractic rehabilitation." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 1, no. 5 (October 1997): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-8592(97)80059-9.

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Costello, M. "Chiropractic rehabilitation." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2, no. 2 (April 1998): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-8592(98)80027-2.

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Michaud, Thomas C. "Chiropractic rehabilitation." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2, no. 1 (January 1998): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-8592(98)80040-5.

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Brown, Richard. "Defending chiropractic." New Scientist 202, no. 2712 (June 2009): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(09)61570-0.

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Lewith, George. "Chiropractic case." New Scientist 202, no. 2713 (June 2009): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(09)61647-x.

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Young, Antoinette. "Chiropractic pediatrics." British Journal of Chiropractic 5, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1466-2108(01)80013-9.

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