Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chiropractic'
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Mortenson, Michelle D. "Identifying predictors of chiropractic outcomes." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002mortensonm.pdf.
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Distler, Michael. "Chiropractic use, patient income, and frequency of visits." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1446.
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Eni, Godwin Onuoha. "Chiropractic medical system : the making of a clientelle." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27298.
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Most sociological explanations for the success of chiropractic in attracting and maintaining its clientele have failed to consider the clinical context and the nature of the interaction between chiropractors and clients. Rather, most studies have focussed on leadership qualities, the professionalization process, and the ancillary role of chiropractic in health care to account for its success with clients.
This study argues that chiropractic in British Columbia is successful in making its clientele because: (1) it is able to persuade new clients toward chiropractic health care by using strategies that are designed to minimize the political, social and economic constraints upon it; (2) chiropractors are able to negotiate successfully, the differences in the health and illness beliefs [HMs] that are held by new clients and chiropractors as well as differences in explanations [EMs] for "present" health problems; and (c) chiropractors are able to provide potential patients with "positive" experiences in chiropractic clinics, which are different, in some respects, from experiences they have had elsewhere, for example, in their relationships with allopathic medicine. This study, therefore, describes how new clients are socialized in chiropractic clinical relationships and subsequently become chiropractic patients.
20 randomly selected chiropractors and a total of 60 new clients were interviewed for their impressions of chiropractic as well as their health beliefs and explanations for "present" health problems prior to encountering each other in the clinical setting. Their interactions were observed in the twenty clinical settings, with special focus on the negotiation of explanatory models. The patients were interviewed again, regarding their experiences and impressions, following their fourth visit to the clinic after their initial encounter. 20 "regular" or long-term chiropractic patients, one from each clinic, were also interviewed regarding their experiences.
Data were analyzed by comparing pre- and post-interview results and by describing the nature of clinical interactions, relationships, and negotiation of explanatory models in the context of Kleinman's ethno-medical perspective and Goffman's social ethnographic perspective on interactions in everyday life.
It was found that chiropractors (1) provide potential patients with "adequate" information and the opportunity to ask questions; (2) express non-judgemental views on the health problems of clients, which provides new clients with the opportunity to fully explain their health concerns; (3) utilize persuasive interaction structures and processes to minimize both the constraints upon chiropractic and the effects of deviancy and marginality labels, and to manage the impressions of potential patients; and (4) negotiate with potential patients over explanations for the causes of their health problems, which enables the delivery of chiropractic treatment by integrating, "shifting" and modifying clients' explanatory models and, to some extent, their own.
These techniques for 'making' the chiropractic clientele appear to be successful. In this study, 53 of the 60 new clients were retained beyond the fifth visit. More generally, chiropractic is now the second largest primary health care provider group in B.C., next to allopathy, and is attracting an increasing number of patients.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Folk, Holly. "Vertebral vitalism American metaphysics and the birth of chiropractic /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223040.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Religious Studies, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 26, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2291. Adviser: Stephen J. Stein.
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Field, Jonathan Roger. "Collecting and predicting patient reported outcomes in chiropractic practice." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/collecting-and-predicting-patient-reported-outcomes-in-chiropractic-practice(29fdc29d-f462-4dd7-a3ac-a65876736cdb).html.
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The eight refereed publications and four abstracts of presentations which form the basis of this PhD each deal with patient health outcomes. The publications are drawn predominantly from practice based research in chiropractic services. In a systematic review of the impact of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) on the process and outcomes of care for a single patient, Paper 1 describes this occurring across four domains; patient assessment and initial clinical decision making, tracking progress and evaluating current treatment efficacy, influencing the patient / clinician relationship and there is weak evidence to suggest they directly influence patient outcomes. Paper two is a descriptive review of the utility of PROMs to include their ability to improve communication and shared decision making in the patient / clinician relationship. Care Response is a novel, free to use multilingual electronic PROM system developed by the author. It has had significant impact in the chiropractic profession in Europe and Canada and has contributed data to 11 peer reviewed papers and four post graduate degrees (Abstract 1) Electronic PROM systems suffer from lower response rates than paper based systems. Abstract 2 reports a study looking at the impact of this missing information on the generalisability of the overall data collected. Non respondents to an emailed assessment 30 days after starting care were less likely to have had >30 days pain in the last year but were not otherwise significantly different from those returning electronic assessments. In a telephone survey comparing respondents and non respondents, patients global impression of change (PGIC) scores were identical and there was no statistical difference in pain scores. Paper 3 sought to ascertain if patient less likely to do well with chiropractic care could be identified from data routinely collected at baseline in chiropractic practice. Longer duration of symptoms at presentation, females with higher social disability scores and males with more adverse scores for depression were found less likely to describe themselves as much improved a month after starting care. In investigating for a relationship between outcome and components of the fear-avoidance model for chronicity in lower back pain, paper 4 found only a week relationship with catastrophisation at baseline however patient’s scores of catastrophisation, fear avoidance beliefs and low self efficacy just before their second visit were significantly associated with a poorer outcome. Paper 5 looking into a relationship between the risk category patients were placed into by the STarT Back Tool reported that whilst HIGH risk patients has more adverse scores for pain at presentation this rapidly faded and at 30 and 90 days there was no significant difference between the risk groups and patients reports of their recovery (PGIC) . Comparing the health outcomes of 8222 patients accessing chiropractic services either via the NHS or privately Paper 6 described those accessing a NHS route to have had symptoms for longer and more adverse scores across a range of health domains at presentation and to be less well 30 & 90 days later. However both NHS and private patient groups improved well and differences between the two disappeared when controlling for differences at baseline. Paper 7 sought to explore the ability of chiropractic clinicians working from 5 linked practices to identify those patients less likely to do well with care at the time of their initial assessment. It concluded that they generally failed to reliably predict outcomes with most practitioners doing no better than chance. The STarT Back Tool is increasingly being recommended to guide decisions as to care pathway for patients with spinal pain. Paper 8 looked to see if the timing of when this assessment was made had any impact on its ability to detect groups of patients responding differently when undergoing a course of chiropractic care. In the assessed population (n=749) attending 1 of 11 clinics in the UK there was a significant difference with ranking at the time of presentation being unrelated to outcome. When repeated a few days post initial visit over one third of patients had changed risk group with this subsequent group being found to be an independent predictor of improvement in multivariate analysis.
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Wilson, Francis James. "The origins and professional development of chiropractic in Britain." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/341659/.
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In June 2001 the title ‘chiropractor’ came to be protected under British law and those who called themselves chiropractors attained a position of increased legitimacy within British society. Yet the details of chiropractic’s journey to statutory recognition have not been thoroughly explored in contemporary literature. The origins and development of chiropractic in Britain have received meagre attention from historical scholars. This thesis uses a neo-Weberian approach to explore the history of chiropractic in Britain through the lens of ‘professionalisation’. It investigates the emergence of chiropractic in Britain, and details how and why chiropractic developed in the way that it did, assessing the significance of processes and events in respect to chiropractic’s professionalisation, and examining intra- and inter-occupational tensions. The thesis is primarily a product of documentary research, but is also informed by interviews undertaken to provide oral testimonies. Although the origins of chiropractic are usually traced back to the 1890s, to Davenport, Iowa, and to the practice of Daniel David Palmer, it is argued in this thesis that it is misleading to claim that chiropractic was ‘discovered’ by Daniel Palmer, or that chiropractic in Britain was entirely an ‘import’ from the United States. Instead, chiropractic’s origins were complex and multifarious and form part of a broader history of manipulative practices. With regard to the development of chiropractic in Britain, chiropractic’s history is intertwined with that of osteopathy, and has involved medicalisation. This study demonstrates that through the course of its evolution chiropractic was subject to processes that can usefully be described in terms of professionalisation, sharing features in common with the professionalisation of other occupational groups described in historical and sociological literature. Even so, chiropractors did not attain the social presence or cultural authority of archetypal professionals such as medical doctors or lawyers. Although protection of title was achieved, many problems have remained, including divisions within the occupation.
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Bezuidenhout, Lauren Leigh. "Practice characteristics of chiropractic delegates attending the World Federation of Chiropractic's 12th Biennial Congress, 2013." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1776.
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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Department of Chiropractic and Somatology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.Background Chiropractic is practiced in over 100 countries and is considered to be the fastest growing health care profession internationally. Several studies investigating the practice characteristics of chiropractors have been conducted in selected countries, however, as far as is known, no study has been conducted where chiropractors from countries across the globe are assessed for their practice characteristics in order to determine if regional differences exist. Gaining insight into chiropractic practice and its influencing factors, relating to both the profession itself and the chiropractor can enable organisations such as the World Federation of Chiropractic to have a greater understanding of how chiropractors are currently practicing and how the profession is being utilised by the public. Improved insight into the profession provides a baseline description for the public and other health care practitioners to fully comprehend what chiropractors can offer to the health care system. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the demographic profile and practice characteristics of chiropractic delegates attending the World Federation of Chiropractic’s 12th Biennial Congress 2013. Method A pre-validated questionnaire and letter of information and consent was distributed to all registered chiropractic delegates (N = 406) attending the World Federation of Chiropractic Congress in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal 2013. The questionnaire was part of the delegate packages and they self-selected to participate. Due to a low response rate at the congress, the questionnaire was made available electronically on Survey Monkey®, for six weeks after the congress. Questions relevant to this study were coded, reduced where necessary and utilised for data analysis with IBM SPSS Version 21. Descriptive data was then summarised and presented using tables and graphs. The study was approved by the Durban University of Technology’s Institutional Research Ethics committee. Results: The response rate was 34.72%, with 52.5% being female, mean age was 42 (SD ± 13years, and all seven geographical regions were represented. The majority of respondents were from Africa (51.1%), followed by North America (22.7%) then Europe (14.2%). South Africa (48.6%) was the most represented country. Respondents held either a Master’s degree in Chiropractic (51.8%) or a Doctor of Chiropractic (DC) degree (48.2%). The mean years since graduating as a chiropractor was 15.7 years (SD ± 3.6). The majority of respondents (71.2%) engaged in full-time clinical practice, for between 5 to 15 years (39.8%) with 51.4% purporting to have an evidence based philosophical approach to practice. The majority (72.5%) viewed the role of a chiropractor in the health care system as a primary health care practitioner with a focused scope of practice. The majority of respondents (n = 52) personally treated 50 patients or less per week, with approximately one third of the respondents (n = 34) having high volume practices (>100 patients weekly). The respondents favoured being one of two chiropractors (36.9%) in a practice setting followed by sole practices (31.6%). The top chiropractic technique utilised was the diversified technique (74.5%) followed by extremity adjusting (68.8%). Various adjunctive, active and passive, axillary techniques were utilised in the daily management of patients. The patient demographics were majority female (55.7%), older than 30 years of age (66.7%) and Caucasian (77%), complaining of head, neck, mid-back and low back pain, which was mostly acute in nature. Trends suggested that females were more likely to select an evidence-based philosophical orientation than males. Females were more likely to delegate adjunctive therapies to non-chiropractic assistants (p = 0.029), and favoured sending patients to a physical therapist (p = 0.018), whereas males were more likely to refer to nutritionists and paediatricians (p = 0.030 and p = 0.038, respectively). Females were less likely to utilise mobilisation techniques (p = 0.008), massage therapy (p = 0.018) and nutritional counselling (p = 0.032). In terms of age, those selecting an evidence-based approach were significantly older than those who adopted a mixer approach to practicing (p = 0.002). The mean age of the respondents, irrespective of the region, was not significantly associated with the number of patients treated per week (p = 0.377) or the hours worked per week (p = 0.474). Trends show that the number of years spent in practice differed among the regions with North American chiropractors spending more years in practice than those from Europe and Australasia. The respondents from South Africa spent fewer years in practice (15 years or less) than respondents from Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. Geographic region was not significantly associated with practice setting (p = 0.182). The only chief complaint that differed between regions was patients presenting with headaches accompanied by neck pain (p = 0.007), where Asian and North American respondents reported seeing less patients than their colleagues from other regions. Trends suggested that the respondents who attained a Masters of Technology in Chiropractic were more inclined to select a mixer orientation whereas those with a DC qualification selected an evidence-based philosophical approach. Conclusion: The WFC congress provided a platform to successfully determine the demographic profile and practice characteristics of chiropractors from various regions. Similar demographics were evident, with males no longer showing dominance within the profession. Chiropractors adopting an evidence-based and mixer philosophical orientation are synonymous in the role that they play in the health care system and display similarities in chiropractic practice and patient management. Investigating chiropractors who adopt a straight philosophical approach would be beneficial as it will allow for better comparison of demographics and practice characteristics. It is evident that selected demographics do influence how one would opt to practice, with regional differences showing that the chiropractic profession in South Africa is still relatively young.
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Shen, Lu-Chi, and 沈祿集. "The Practices of Chiropractic Care." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49691263434987262914.
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Huang, Joyce Ju-Yu, and 黃如玉. "Conventional Medicine Practitioners’Perception on Chiropractic." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20061325609243934992.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
醫療機構管理研究所
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Background: Chiropractic is a health care profession in the Western society for over a century. It is the largest profession in the Complementary and Alternative Medicine system, and is considered as the closest to the mainstream. After massive amount of research, it is evident that chiropractic not only gains high patient satisfactory rate, it is also a very cost-effective approach on treating neuromusculoskeletal conditions. However, it is not widely introduced in the Asian countries, especially in Taiwan. Public, as well as health care workers may not have a clear understanding of what chiropractic profession is all about. Objective: The objective of this study is to understand medical doctors’ perception on chiropractic and to determine the necessity of establishment of such a profession in Taiwan. Method: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted in Mandarin language to twelve licensed medical doctors in Taiwan. Results in the form of narratives were analyzed using common coding technique. Result: Among the twelve medical doctors, most associate chiropractic with rehabilitation or folk therapy. All of them have heard of the term chiropractic, but most have limited knowledge about the scope of practice, length and content of education of the profession. Most participants do not know that chiropractors earn a doctoral credential, and thus relate chiropractors to therapists or technicians. Almost all participants support the legislation to regulate those who perform spinal manipulations, but qualification is a debate. About half of the respondents emphasize on the importance of evidence-based practice. Conclusion: After these in-depth interviews and the narrative analysis, it is evident that numerous misunderstanding about the profession due to lack of knowledge have impeded the development of chiropractic profession in Taiwan. Further research including long-term randomized controlled trials on the efficacy and public demand of chiropractic in Taiwan are recommended.
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Bromfield, Bridget Francoise. "Chiropractic management of primary dysmenorrhea." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2056.
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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1996.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of chiropractic treatment in the management of primary dysmenorrhea. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were randomly assigned to 2 groups, the control and experimental. This single blind study consisted of 16 visits, twice a week for the first 4 weeks and thereafter once a week for the next 8 weeks. During a menstrual cycle, prior to commencement of treatment, the patients were required to complete a Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire on the last day of dysmenorrhea and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 on each day of experienced menstrual pain. These questionnaires were completed at home. Treatment for the experimental group consisted of soft tissue massage of the lumbar and thoraco-lumbar paravertebral. musculature combined with spinal manipulative therapy of the areas of fixation in the' lumbar and sacra-iliac regions. The control group received purely soft tissue massage of the lumbar and thoraco-lumbar paravertebral musculature. The areas of fixation were determined by motion palpation, joint challenge and tenderness to spinal palpation. There was no follow-upvisit conducted in this study. An analysis of the data revealed a statistically signiflcant improvement in the experimental group in terms of the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (p=< 0,001) as well as for the control group (p=< 0,01), whilst in terms of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 101 the experimental group showed an improvement (p=< 0,05) but the control group failed to show a significant change (p= 0,068).
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Ferreira, Werner. "Chiropractic management of fibromyalgia syndrome." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2678.
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Huang, Joyce Ju-Yu. "Conventional Medicine Practitioners'Perception on Chiropractic." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0506200814180300.
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Taverner, Charles Bryce. "The perception of veterinarians towards chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/623.
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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the
Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2011.Introduction: The chiropractic treatment of animals has been integrated into the veterinary health care systems of various countries outside of South Africa. While South Africa has seen the integration of the chiropractic treatment of humans into its health care system, the chiropractic treatment of animals has been slow to develop in this country. This is evident in the lack of a professional association or education system concerning the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa. Veterinarians represent the primary contact for animals to receive chiropractic care through referral in South Africa. It is therefore important to ascertain the knowledge and perception that veterinarians have towards chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals as their views and participation could influence the future integration of chiropractic into the veterinary health care system of South Africa. Primary Objective: To determine the perception of veterinarians towards chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa. Methods: A questionnaire was set up on an Internet based website. An electronic mail (e-mail) was then sent to all the South African veterinarians with a functional e-mail address registered with the South African Veterinary Council (SAVC), requesting participation in this research. This amounted to 1841 veterinarians. The veterinarians who met the inclusion criteria were then able to access and complete the questionnaire electronically. Results: A response rate of 13.8% was achieved. The respondents were predominantly white (87.1%) with an average age of 41.5 years and a nearly even split between male and female. The veterinary respondents expressed a poor level of confidence relating to their knowledge of chiropractic and its application to the health care of animals. The objective knowledge scores for chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals were 65% and 63%, respectively, giving a reasonably high overall knowledge score of 64%. It was found that the knowledge scores were stronger in the respondents who had iii personally utilized a chiropractor as well as being stronger regarding human chiropractic and overall chiropractic knowledge in those who had referred an animal to a chiropractor. The average score for perceptions of the respondents was relatively low (48%), but positive correlations were found between the knowledge and perceptions of the respondents regarding chiropractic and \ or the chiropractic treatment of animals. It was found that the majority of the veterinarian respondents (79.9%) felt that chiropractors should only be allowed to practice on animals in South Africa under referral from a veterinarian. The majority of respondents (62.4%) further believed that the chiropractic treatment of animals should be governed by the South African Veterinary Council (SAVC) and 57.7 % of the respondents indicated that they would be in favour of the chiropractic treatment of animals being affiliated to the South African Veterinary Association (SAVA). It was determined that 84.4% of the respondents were in support of the formation of a course concerning the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa, with 49.1% further stating they would be interested in attending such a course. The majority of respondents indicated that they believed both veterinarians and chiropractors should administer (77.2%) and be able to attend (75.1%) such a course. Conclusion: This study has established a knowledge base that will facilitate greater understanding of the perceptions that South African veterinarians have towards chiropractic and the chiropractic treatment of animals as well as the part they perceive chiropractic to play in the South African veterinary health care system. The various outcomes should be noted when considering the future education of South African veterinarians regarding chiropractic, as well as the development of the chiropractic treatment of animals in South Africa.
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Louw, Jan Daniel. "The knowledge of general practitioners about chiropractic as a factor that may influence health care integration in South Africa." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/191.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005
ix, 62, 7 leaves : ill. ; 30 cmSeveral studies in Europe, Canada and the USA indicate that communication between GP’s and chiropractors is not ideal. Langworthy and Birkelid’s (2001) study concluded that with increasing emphasis on multidisciplinary health care, greater understanding and better communication is needed in order for the patient to obtain optimum benefits. The medical profession in the past has generally been opposed to the theories and practice of chiropractic, for a variety of reasons, including lack of scientific validity as well as unsubstantiated management utility (Silver, 1980). However, a Canadian study indicates that much progress has been made in diminishing the gap between GP’s and chiropractors (Verhoef and Page, 1996). Few studies have investigated GPs’ knowledge, awareness and attitudes toward complementary and alternative health care providers, especially in relation to the balance between market rivalry and interprofessional care (Langworthy and Smink, 2000). One such study performed in the Netherlands by Brussee et al. (2001) found that a statistically significant relationship existed between the level of knowledge of chiropractic and the frequency of referral of patients by GP’s. In the UK, it was found that many GP’s were more comfortable in referring to physiotherapists because they felt they had a better understanding of the treatment involved (Breen, et al., 2000). The chiropractic profession is attempting to improve co-operation with the medical profession via the scientific validation of its theories and practice through research (Rubens, 1996). The current perception in South Africa is that GP’s do not tend to refer patients to chiropractors. This has implications for chiropractic in the South African context in terms of integration. Therefore, as the current “gatekeepers” of primary healthcare, it is important to ascertain the perception and knowledge that this group has of the chiropractic profession in South Africa. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to determine the current knowledge and perception of GP’s in South Africa of chiropractors and chiropractic treatment in general. This should establish a knowledge base to facilitate greater understanding and co-operation between GP’s and chiropractors.
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Pillay, Keshnee. "The relative effectiveness of muscle energy technique as opposed to specific passive mobilization in the treatment of acute and sub-acute mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/200.
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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005
xvii, 58 leaves, Annexures A-JIt has generally been accepted that 60 to 80% of the general population will suffer from low back pain at some point in their life. (Kirkaldy - Willis, 1992). The use of manipulation for the treatment of low back pain is well documented but lumbar mobilization has undergone comparatively little investigation (Goodsell et al., 2000). Furthermore, there remains little evidence to advocate the use of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) in the form of a randomized clinical trial (Wilson, 2003). The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with acute and sub-acute low back pain would demonstrate a reduction in disability after being treated with MET or specific passive mobilization. Both interventions are joint mobilization techniques the only difference being that one is passive and the other (MET), is an active technique
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Dell, Charmaine. "The effects of diversified chiropractic manipulation versus sacro-occipital technique in chiropractic management of sacroiliac syndrome." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/959.
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Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effects of Diversified Manipulation versus Sacro-Occipital Technique in the management and treatment of Sacroiliac Syndrome. Method: This study consisted of two groups, a Diversified group consisting of 15 subjects with Sacroiliac Syndrome and a Sacro-Occipital Technique group consisting of 15 subjects with Sacroiliac Syndrome. The subjects were between the ages of 18 and 55 years. Potential candidates were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Diversified group received Diversified Manipulative therapy to the sacroiliac joint, while the Sacro-Occipital group received SOT Category 2 blocking, from which the subjective and objective findings were based. Procedure: Each successful candidate was treated six times over a two-week period. Before the commencement of the treatment one, three and six, the candidate completed the Oswestry Back Pain and Disability Index questionnaire and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Digital Inclinometer readings were taken of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions of the spine. Sacroiliac Manipulation was then administered to the Diversified group based on the restrictions obtained during motion palpation. Category 2 blocking was administered to the Sacro-Occipital Technique group based on the SOT Category 2 categorization test findings. The same treatment was administered at each of the six treatment sessions. Results: Objective statistically significant differences were noted on lateral flexion range of motion, in favour of the Sacro-Occipital Technique group. Subjective readings also showed statistically significant differences with regards to Oswestry Back Pain and Disability Index and Numerical Pain Rating Scale in favour of both the Diversified group and the Sacro-Occipital Technique group. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that both Sacro-Occipital Technique and Diversified have a positive effect on patients suffering from Sacroiliac Syndrome. However, Sacro-Occipital Technique proved to have a greater overall benefit compared to Diversified manipulation in the treatment and management of Sacroiliac Syndrome. It should be emphasized that the present study was a pilot study to determine the effects of Diversified manipulation versus Sacro-Occipital Technique in the management of Sacroiliac Syndrome. Accurate conclusions could not be formulated due to the remainder non-significant statistical findings obtained from the study; therefore further research needs to be conducted on this comparative study.Dr. B. Losco Dr. C. D. Losco
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Du, Plessis Christine. "A comparative analysis of animal chiropractic regulation within seven countries." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2554.
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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa. 2017.Introduction: Chiropractic treatment of animals is a young and dynamic field of interest among chiropractors, veterinarians and animal owners. As a young profession, regulation of animal chiropractic is limited to only a few countries, with regulatory models in various legal paradigms. Bosman (2012) determined through a qualitative investigation that in order for the profession to grow, it would require well defined guidelines, proper governance, appropriate legislation and set educational standards. Presently there is a paucity in the literature regarding animal chiropractic regulation. Through a comparative study of current international animal chiropractic regulatory models, possible international trends in animal chiropractic regulation can be identified. This could assist in identifying any possible short comings or positive developments and possible future areas of progress in the regulation of animal chiropractic. Aim: To determine the regulatory status of animal chiropractic in selected countries, at statutory and professional association level, in order to ascertain whether an international trend in animal chiropractic regulation exists. Method: The study was a comparative analysis. The sample consisted of ten jurisdictions spread over seven countries. These were Australia (Victoria and Queensland), Canada (Ontario and Alberta), Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (Texas and California). The validated data collection sheet (Appendix B) was used to extract quantitative data through the various organisations’ web pages and communication with the relevant organisations. Results: The regulation of the practice of animal chiropractic was found to be in various stages of regulation, with it being unregulated or largely unregulated in three out of the ten jurisdictions included in this study. In seven out of the ten jurisdictions the regulation of the practice of animal chiropractic fell under government devolved authority to the veterinary statutory regulatory body, although regulation was not very extensive in most of these jurisdictions. Four of the jurisdictions with regulation of the practice of animal chiropractic through government devolved authority had national animal chiropractic professional associations and two of the jurisdictions in which the practice of animal chiropractic was unregulated had a national professional association. None of these professional associations held government sanctioned authority. Statutory regulation played a more significant role in regulation of the practice of animal chiropractic in terms of the existence of codes of ethics, complaints and disciplinary procedures and CPD requirements than the national animal chiropractic professional associations did. Significance was also found in the legal requirement of registration as veterinarian or chiropractor in jurisdictions where veterinary referral was a legal requirement for chiropractic practitioners of animal chiropractic and where post-graduate animal chiropractic qualifications were only recognised by the veterinary statutory regulatory bodies if it was a legal requirement for registered veterinarians and chiropractors. No professional statutory regulatory body regulated or required regulation by educational statutory regulatory bodies or international accreditation of animal chiropractic education. The significance of national animal chiropractic professional associations was limited to their codes of ethics as it correlated with their limitation of membership by the professional association to mostly registered veterinary and chiropractic practitioners holding a post-graduate animal chiropractic qualification. Several trends were identified that could either hinder or promote the development of appropriate regulation for the practice of animal chiropractic. Conclusion: From the comparison of the current animal chiropractic regulation it was found that cooperation between veterinary and chiropractic statutory regulatory bodies appears to be important for the development of suitable and effective regulation of the practice of animal chiropractic. The study suggests that there is a need for standardisation and regulation of animal chiropractic education and the definition of the animal chiropractic scope of practice. This study also suggests continuation of cooperation between chiropractors and veterinarians that has been sought since the inception of the animal chiropractic profession. Involvement of functioning national animal chiropractic professional associations with the development of appropriate regulation, defining of animal chiropractic scopes of practice and promotion of the unity, integrity and identity of the animal chiropractic profession is recommended to achieve growth for animal chiropractic as a profession.
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Bosman, Pieter Jacobus. "An exploration of the current status quo of animal chiropractic in South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/710.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2012.Background: Animal chiropractic, an internationally sanctioned profession, assists veterinarians with a complementary approach to animal healthcare therapy. Animal chiropractic in South Africa appears to be within its novel stages of development and no clear parameters define its present position. As a result of ambiguity and present concern dictated by veterinary regulation, animal chiropractic has not developed along well defined parameters, and it is thought that this study will contribute to achieving some clarity in this regard. The impetus for this study originated as a result of an increased awareness within the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) field of these CAM therapies in the management of animal healthcare, and a growing interest in their application. Objective: The purpose of the study is to identify the current status of animal chiropractic in South Africa and to explore ways in which the integration of animal chiropractic into the animal healthcare setting of South Africa might be achieved. Method: This study is an interpretive investigation set in a post-positivistic paradigm and used a grounded theory approach. Data was collected from twelve semi-structured interviews (digitally voice recorded) with relevant stakeholders who were knowledgeable within their respective fields (animal chiropractic; veterinary health science; their respective governing bodies; and owners of animals which had received treatment from animal chiropractic). Questions addressed participants’ perceptions and experiences of animal chiropractic with regard to the role it plays, current interprofessional interactions and developmental issues facing the profession. Qualitative analysis of the data was done using NVIVO 9 software (NVivo 9, developed in Australia, copyright 2011 QSR International Pty Ltd.). The purpose of the data collection was to obtain knowledge presently available within the proposed field in order to build a credible theory which might explain the current status of animal chiropractic in South Africa and the way forward to professional integration with mainstream animal healthcare practice. iv Results: Applying a process of grounded theory methodology revealed that certain key prerequisites were needed for integration of animal chiropractic with mainstream animal healthcare to take place. Firstly, animal chiropractic practitioners had to be seen to have reached a certain level of competence, which could be achieved through a recognised educational programme and by following practising standards at the same (or similar) level as veterinary practitioners. Secondly, acceptance by the public and mainstream practitioners is vital, and requires that the need for animal chiropractic is well motivated, that the role of animal chiropractic is better defined, and that collaboration with mainstream professionals is implemented. Thirdly, animal chiropractic needs careful regulation in order for it to be controlled appropriately. This will require a suitable professional body to govern it, legislation to endorse it and guidelines to direct its actions. Lastly, resources must be available, such as enough animal chiropractors interested in entering the field, sufficient qualified instructors (i.e. experienced animal chiropractors) to provide tuition, adequate amenities, and sufficient time available for the profession to develop and the integration process to take place. Conclusion: It would appear that, with CAVM therapies becoming popular, more people are becoming interested in animal chiropractic. The study suggests that, if the animal chiropractic profession makes provision for achieving the prerequisites of competence, acceptance, regulation and resources in terms of its future development, it might be possible to achieve professional integration with mainstream animal healthcare within the next ten years.
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Richardson, Grant Walter. "The effect of differing clinical settings on chiropractic patients suffering from mechanical low back pain." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/157.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007
xviii, 140 leavesEach healing encounter, and every treatment, has specific and non-specific treatment effects. Non – specific effects, or placebo effects, are the benefits felt by the patients because of the nature of the healing encounter. Although difficult to quantify and control, a number of authors recognize that the non-specific component of management has an additive effect on the overall clinical outcome. It has been reported that due to the physical interaction and social nature of chiropractic, there is a strong non-specific component in the management process, but to what extent it facilitates in the healing encounter is unknown. It has also been shown that spinal manipulation has a clinical effect which exceeds that of placebo; therefore it is possible for its effect to be muted or amplified, depending on the presence or absence of non-specific effects. For the above reasons this study was conducted in an attempt to map the size of the non-specific effect in the healing encounter by manipulating the practice setting in which the patients were treated.
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Maartens, Kirsten. "The efficacy of the Graston technique instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilisation (GISTM) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis in runners." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/192.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005
12, xiii, 84 leavesPlantar Fasciitis (PF) or “painful heel syndrome” is an inflammation of the plantar fascia at its insertion on the medial calcaneal tubercle. Accounting for 7-9% of total sports injuries, this condition is predominantly due to overuse and is notoriously difficult to treat. Traditionally treatment focused on the resolution of the inflammation with the application of such modalities cross frictions / transverse frictions being the modality of choice. With such modalities there are however limitations which include the detection of the appropriate areas in which treatment should be given as well as the treatment depth achieved. The GISTM, however is an advanced form of soft tissue mobilisation that employs the use of specifically designed stainless steel instruments that, when manually brushed over the skin of the affected area, are thought to detect and release scar tissue, adhesions and fascial restrictions. This complementary technique is hypothesized to work in the same manner as cross friction massage, and is thought to achieve quicker and improved outcomes by its detection of the treatment area(s) as well as improving the depth of treatment application. This assertion was however untested. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Graston Technique Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (GISTM) in the treatment of Plantar Fasciitis in runners.
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Uys, Lizette. "An investigation into the effect of a high velocity low amplitude manipulation on core muscle strength in patients with chronic mechanical lower back pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/170.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006
xvii, 148 leaves, Annexures A-LBrunarski (1984) says that philosophically and historically, chiropractic has been uniquely orientated toward an emphasis on preventative care and health maintenance with a mechanistic and hands-on model for treatment. Instead of reductionism, chiropractors focus on holism, non-invasiveness and the sharing of the responsibilities for healing between doctor and patient. As stated in a Canadian report by Manga et al. (1993), lower back pain is a ubiquitous problem and there are many epidemiological and statistical studies documenting the high incidence and prevalence of lower back pain (Manga et al., 1993). Evans and Oldreive (2000) revealed in a study of the transversus abdominis that low back pain patients had reduced endurance of the transverses abdominis and that its protective ability was decreased. In addition, it was noted that wasting and inhibition of the other core stabiliser and co-contractor, multifidus, was present (Hides et al.,1994), both of which have been linked to the presence of low back pain (Evans and Oldreive, 2000 and Hides et al., 1994). Thus, it stands to reason that manipulation, as an effective treatment for low back pain (Di Fabio, 1992), could be effective in restoring the strength and endurance of the core stability muscles. This is theoretically supported by the fact that a restriction in motion and pain due to mechanical derangement in the low back can be effectively treated by manipulation (Sandoz, 1976; Korr (Leach, 1994); Herzog et al., 1999; Homewood, 1979; Vernon and Mrozek, 2005 and Wyke (Leach, 1994)). Homewood (1979) described that a subluxation may interfere with the nerve supply and result in a decrease in muscular activity. He hypothesized that removal of the subluxation could restore: normal physiological processes, increase muscle activity and; improve functional ability and normalize the torque ratios (Herzog et al., 1999; Korr (Leach, 1994); Nansel et al., 1993 and Rebechini-Zasadny et al., 1981). In terms of an intervention, Rebechini-Zasadny et al. (1981) and Naidoo (2002) demonstrated and inferred that manipulation to the cervical spine could affect the muscular activity supplied by those levels. They, however, suggested further studies of manipulation-induced peripheral changes in the muscles are needed, due to unaccounted for variables and small sample sizes in their respective studies This research aims to address the questions posed by the above literature, hence by investigating a high velocity low amplitude manipulation as a possible added intervention for improving local core stabilizer muscle strength, a management protocol for the chronic mechanical lower back pain could be developed.
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Thomson, Deborah Anne. "A clinical trial to investigate the relative effectiveness of acetaminophen with caffeine as opposed to cervical manipulation in the treatment of tension-type headache." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2820.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Technikon Natal, 2002.Tension-type headache is generally accepted as the most common form of headache and has been shown to have a great impact on work and social activities (Shwartz et al. 1998). Tension-type headache occurs in 39% of people who suffer from headache symptoms with a higher incidence among females, and a peak in the 25-44 year old age group (Wong et al. 1995). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of 1000mg acetaminophen (paracetamol) combined with 130mg caffeine as opposed to cervical manipulation as a treatment for tension-type headache.
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Perkin, Jonathan Charles. "The effect of stretching the hamstring muscles on low back pain in cyclists." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2064.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999.There have been few studies conducted to determine the effects of stretching as a therapy on its own in the treatment of low back pain. In response to this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of stretching the hamstring muscles on low back pain experienced by cyclists. Thirty two cyclists with low back pain were screened for lumbar facet syndrome, sacroiliac syndrome and myofascial pain syndrome of the quadratus Iumborum, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles and randomly divided into two groups of sixteen. Detuned ultrasound was applied to the hamstring muscles of the patients in the placebo group twice a week for three weeks. Patients in the experimental group were involved in a stretching program whereby the hamstring muscles were passively stretched for three sets of thirty seconds duration, two days a week for three weeks. Both groups were evaluated in terms of subjective clinical findings by utilising the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale-101, and theti
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Mahomed, Firdosh. "Chiropractic patients in South Africa : a demographic and descriptive profile." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/327.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xi, 84, 10 leavesTo establish the profile of the typical patient presenting to private chiropractors in South Africa, in terms of: demographic data; characteristics of the presenting complaint; the knowledge levels of patients on the scope of chiropractic; the diagnosis of the patients; to compare this primary data to existing data from similar international studies.
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Kleynhans, Andries Mentz. "The design of an undergraduate chiropractic curriculum." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17099.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence is provided to support Kierkegaard's phenomenology that only what is learned
through experience is truly known. It is demonstrated that the chiropractic curriculum
represents a unique area of investigation and that it is possible to define curriculum; to create
a functional and integrative model which subsumes elements from the traditional, cyclical
and process models; and to design an integrative, problem-based, evidence-based,
experiential chiropractic curriculum. A taxonomy is proposed for curriculum design in four
domains which deal respectively with a) curriculum processes which include the selection,
motivation and interaction of curriculum developers, curriculum definitions and models, and
an algorithm for curriculum design; b) curriculum organisation which addresses
philosophical, sociological, cultural and psychological foundations, curriculum paradigms
and a chiropractic conceptual framework; c) curriculum development which concerns design
strategies, situational analysis, intent, content, design and organisation of learning
experiences and assessment of student performance; and d) curriculum application, which
includes the learning climate, quality management, management of change, self-evaluation
and external accreditationCurriculum and Instructional Studies
M. Ed. (Didactics)
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Philips, Gina. "Parents perception of paediatric chiropractic in Johannesburg." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4326.
Full textAbstract:
M.Tech.Objectives: To gain statistics on the perception parents in Johannesburg have regarding paediatric chiropractic and to educate the public as to the value of paediatric chiropractic in infants and children and increase the number of paediatric patients presenting to chiropractic practices. Methods: One-hundred-and-fifty questionnaires were completed by willing participants attending various antenatal classes throughout Johannesburg. Thereafter, a brief educational talk on paediatric chiropractic was given to all participants and information brochures were distributed. Results: A total of 34.50% of the participants had been previously treated by a chiropractor, with only 12.80% having been treated during their pregnancy and a further 15.70% who intended to receive chiropractic treatment while they were pregnant. Throughout the various age groups majority (54.20%- 56.30%) of the participants felt that might consult a chiropractor for the treatment of a child, although very little was known about the paediatric conditions that may be treated by chiropractors. Majority of the participants felt that chiropractic treatment of paediatrics and during pregnancy was completely safe. Conclusions: Although the participants were not entirely opposed to paediatric chiropractic (the treatment of children and pregnant mothers) they had very little knowledge regarding the topic of paediatric chiropractic, the conditions it may be successful in treating and the health benefits for children who receive chiropractic treatment. Majority of the participants were interested in furthering their knowledge regarding the topic of paediatric chiropractic.
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Higgs, Madelaine. "A demographic and descriptive survey of chiropractic patients at the chiropractic clinic at Kimberly [i.e. Kimberley] Public Hospital Complex." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/452.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009.Objective: The majority of information available on chiropractic patients originates from private practices in developed countries. However, recently reports describing chiropractic patients in South Africa have emerged, reporting on private practices and teaching clinics. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients presenting to a public chiropractic facility at the Kimberley Hospital Complex (KHC) in South Africa; and compare to the local and international private practices and teaching clinics. Methods: The period prevalence was three months in which information was extrapolated from patient files of the patients that presented to the KHC Chiropractic Clinic (KHCCC). Information that was collected included demographic data, common presenting complaints, patient history and common management protocols. Results: Data for 157 patients were recorded. The mean age of patients was 47.5 years, majority of the patients were female (70%), comprised of coloured and black patients (85%), where the greater part had a primary education level. Less than half the patients were employed in manual type of occupation, whilst almost one quarter of the patients were pensioners. By far, the greatest reason that patients visited chiropractors within the public health care sector at the KHCCC in South Africa was for chronic musculoskeletal complaints (68%). Majority presented with spinal complaints of the lower back (n=144), the most common diagnosis made was sacroiliac syndrome (48%). X-rays were the most common special investigation requested by KHCCC. The most common co-morbidities reported were hypertension, followed by diabetes and allergies. More than half the sample had undergone previous surgery. Thirty seven percent of patients received treatment for fewer than six visits. Contraindications to chiropractic treatment were indicated in only three patients. The treatment protocols that were predominantly used at the KHCCC were joint manipulation, followed by dry needling, kinesiotape and soft tissue therapy. Two thirds of all patients that were referred to the KHCCC were referred from within the medical profession. With regards to the chiropractic patients globally, similarities respect to patients in the public sector in South Africa to all sectors both locally and internationally, include factors such as majority female patients, top five anatomical locations of complaint, common usage of x-rays as a special investigation, similarities with co-morbidities including cardiovascular and endocrine, the repeated number of visits for the same complaint and manipulation remained treatment of choice. Conclusion: Although this was purely a demographic and descriptive study in nature, it gave a better understanding of patients that presented to a public hospital in a developing country like South Africa. With this demographic and descriptive information obtained in this study, it confirmed that although there is a unique population utilising chiropractic services within the public sector of South Africa, meaningful similarities have been found between patients in the different sectors in South Africa and internationally.
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"The effect of the chiropractic adjustment with a strengthening protocol compared to chiropractic adjustment or a strengthening protocol alone." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2999.
Full textAbstract:
M.Tech.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether adjustment of the cervico-thoracic motion segment in individuals with altered or decreased motion at that segment, in conjunction with a strengthening protocol, had a greater increase in triceps brachii muscle strength compared to a strengthening protocol or chiropractic adjustment alone. By reducing the negative neural and other effects caused by aberrant movement between vertebra, chiropractic adjustment could allow the body’s muscle physiology to function at its best, thereby allowing it to adapt to changes more readily. DESIGN: Thirty subjects participated in this study. The subjects were randomly and without being aware of it, assigned to one of three groups. The only requirement for inclusion in the research was a restriction of the seventh cervical vertebra based on motion and static palpation. Patients in two of the groups were asked to perform tricep brachii muscle strengthening exercises and patients from two of the groups received chiropractic adjustment to the cervico-thoracic motion segment. Patients were seen a total of three times over a period of two weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Triceps brachii muscle strength testing was performed using an isometric dynamometer. Three pre-treatment readings and three post-treatment readings were performed, with one-minute intervals, on all the subjects. This was done to determine if there was a change before or after treatment and if there was a long-term effect. CONCLUSION: Although measurements were taken on each visit before and after each treatment, there was only a statistically significant difference in triceps brachii muscle strength between the experimental and the other two groups before treatment on the third visit. This does however; suggest that there was a favourable result and that a combination of treatments does indeed produce better results than one of the other treatments alone.
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Vadachia, Ruwaida. "A Clinical Investigation into the Effect of Spinal Manipulative Therapy on Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in Adults." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/319.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 148 leavesChronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC) is a common patient complaint (Browning 1999) and as such is defined as : “Constipation” being the infrequent or difficult evacuation of faeces, “idiopathic”, denoting the condition occurs in the absence of any known cause and “chronic”, implying a problem that has persisted for a long time (Anderson 1989). It has been suggested that the bony subluxation or motion segment dysfunction in the spine, could produce these symptoms (e.g. altered visceral function) in the segmentally related visceral structures (Korr 1976, Nansel and Slazak 1995, Budgell 2000). In support of this three case reports in the literature suggest that spinal manipulative therapy to effect removal of these bony subluxations or motion segment dysfunctions, may relieve chronic idiopathic constipation (Hewitt 1993, Marko 1994, Redly 2000). However all three cases involved a single patient case analysis, where patients received spinal manipulation and a vast improvement in bowel function within three weeks of the initiation of the intervention was noted. Only one case report measured global wellbeing outcomes and was able to document a steady increase in the patient’s sense of wellbeing (Redly 2000). As a result of the above evidence in the literature, the researcher was led to the following hypotheses regarding spinal manipulation and chronic idiopathic constipation: • That spinal manipulation would affect a decrease in the subject’s abdominal pain intensity and level of constipation and an increase in the subject’s sense of wellbeing and spinal range of motion. • That placebo would affect an increase in the subject’s abdominal pain intensity and level of constipation and a decrease in the subject’s sense of wellbeing and spinal range of motion. • That spinal manipulation would be more effective than placebo in bringing about a decrease in the subject’s abdominal pain intensity and level of constipation and an increase in the subject’s sense of wellbeing and spinal range of motion.
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Scott, Justin James. "An investigation into the association between the severity of patellofemoral pain syndrome and patella mobility." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/187.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic,Durban Institute of Technology, 2005
xx, 116 leaves ; 30 cmPatellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee problem that affects 25% of the general population. PFPS generally affects adolescents, especially females, young adults and sports men and women. PFPS is defined as anterior knee pain arising from dysfunction of the patellofemoral articulation including its connective and contractile tissues. Literature suggests an extensor mechanism dysfunction as the most probable etiology. The majority of literature suggests that PFPS is associated with restricted patella motion, especially medial glide, resulting from a tight lateral retinaculum and/or tight iliotibial band. The beneficial effect of patella mobilization in the management of PFPS, suggested by the results of a number of studies, further suggests that restricted patella motion may be an integral feature of PFPS, as a causative and/or perpetuating factor. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between the severity of PFPS (in terms of the objective and subjective clinical measures) and patella mobility (direction of mobility loss and degree of motion loss).
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Logtenberg, Jana. "An assessment of chiropractic adjustment beds as reservoirs for normal flora and infectious bacterial pathogens at a chiropractic teaching clinic." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/458.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at the Durban University of Technology, 2009.Background: Research has indicated the majority of bacteria on chiropractic adjustment beds (beds), can persist on dry inanimate surfaces for months. Thus, insufficient disinfection procedures create continuous sources of pathogens endangering patients and healthcare workers alike. This research study aimed to assess the beds as reservoirs for micro-organisms, at a chiropractic teaching clinic (clinic) in South Africa. Method: A selection of samples obtained from the headrests and armrests of the beds were serially diluted, plated in duplicate (using the spread plate technique) and incubated for 24-48 hours at 37°C. After inspection for the presence of micro-organisms, those present were enumerated to determine their quantities, the microbial build-up throughout the day, as well as the degree of the transmission from the patients to the beds during treatment. The incidence of the micro-organisms was established, along with their identities, using microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. These micro-organisms were also used to assess the efficacy of the disinfectant currently in use by the clinic. Results: Microbial growth was present on 89.4% of the beds sampled. The quantities of the micro-organisms increased significantly (p=0,027) from 7:30 am to 16:30 pm, with the median increasing from 25 colony forming units (cfu) / cm2 to 714 792 cfu/ cm2. The microbial build-up was highly significant (p<0.001), with a median of 346 cfu/ cm2 at 7:30 am and 10:30 am; increasing to 162 291 cfu/ cm2 by 13:30 pm and 250 million cfu/ cm2 by 16:30 pm. There was also a significant increase (p<0.001) in the quantity of micro-organisms during treatment with a median of 0 cfu/ cm2 before treatment that rose to 23 479 cfu/cm2 after treatment, indicating that the micro-organisms present on the beds were being deposited by the patient`s skin during the treatment. The most prevalent micro-organisms identified were Staphylococci and Serratia, with an average of 59% and 40% of colonies; while Micrococci and Bacilli were relatively uncommon. No growth was evident after 5 minutes of exposure to the disinfectant during the growth inhibition test. For the Kirby Bauer test, the average size of the zone of inhibition increased as the dilution decreased. The disinfectant is effective but more so against the Gram-positive than the Gram-negative bacteria. The disinfectant was 5,0, 5,5 and 5,6 times more effective than phenol in eradicating Staphylococci, Serratia and Bacilli, respectively. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study showed that micro-organisms were present on the beds. Staphylococci and Serratia have been implicated in many healthcare associated infections. The present disinfectant is effective, but should be used in between every patient. A different or additional disinfectant that is more effective against the Gram-negative bacteria should be considered for future use.
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Scott-Dawkins, Craig Anthony. "The comparative effectiveness of adjustments versus mobilisation in treating mechanical neck conditions." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2768.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation presented to in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1996.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adjustments versus mobilisation in the treatment of mechanical neck pain. It was hypothesized that treatment with adjustments over a three week period, with a further three week follow-up period, would be more effective than mobilisation in terms of improving the patients' cervical ranges of motion and their perceptions of pain and disability.
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Ralph, Julee. "The interexaminer reliability of static and motion palpation for the assessment of spinal joint dysfunction in healthy infants aged two to ten weeks." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/183.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004
1 v. (various pagings)Chiropractors are treating spinal joint dysfunction in infants that present with conditions such as infantile colic. Authors conducting research into spinal joint dysfunction in infants have used static and motion palpation to identify these spinal lesions in the infants. The reliability of static and motion palpation used in infants for the assessment of spinal joint dysfunction has not yet been established. The lack of a reliable assessment tool for spinal joint dysfunction in infants reduces the inferential validity of the research studies assessing the efficacy of chiropractic treatment in infants. It is therefore necessary to establish the interexaminer reliability of static and motion palpation in infants. The purpose of this study was to determine the interexaminer reliability of static and motion palpation for the assessment of spinal joint dysfunction in healthy infants aged two to ten weeks
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Gilbert, Joanne Lee. "Sagittal plane blockage of the foot and ankle : prevalence and association with low back pain." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/207.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic) - Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004
xvi, 100 leavesThere is a growing base of evidence demonstrating the important relationship between altered mechanics of the lower limb and low back pain. Sagittal plane blockage, specifically at the first metatarsophalangeal joints but also at the ankle joints, has been implicated as playing a role in the process of chronic mechanical low back pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a link could be found between chronic mechanical low back pain and sagittal plane blockage of the feet and ankles.
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Van, Lingen Caroline. "A study to determine if the prevalence of spinal joint dysfunctions are influenced by whether or not infants suffer from infantile colic." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/176.
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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2003
163 leavesWessel et al. (1954) described the most accepted definition of infantile colic as, “Unexplainable and uncontrolled crying in babies from 0 to 3 months old”. The authors qualify their definition further by stating that the crying occurs for more than 3 hours a day, more than 3 days a week, for 3 weeks or more, usually in the afternoon and evening hours. Although this definition is old, it is the most widely recognized definition to date and is still used by authors (Canivet et al. 1996; Lindberg 1999; Wiberg et al. 1999; Lindberg 2000 and Sondergaard et al. 2000). Infantile colic is an idiopathic condition, with much debate about its aetiology and treatment (Pineyard 1992). It presents as excessive crying in an otherwise healthy infant who has a normal weight gain (Wiberg et al. 1999; Olafsdottir et al. 2001) and is one of the most frequent problems presented to paediatricians by new parents (Barr 1998). Furthermore, it is a self-limiting and benign condition with approximately 47% of cases resolving at 3 months, a further 41% resolving between 3 and 6 months, and the remaining 12% resolving between 6 and 12 months (Hide and Guyer 1982). Approximately 10 to 20% of infants under the age of three months suffer from infantile colic (Becker et al. 1998) and less than 5% of colicky infants suffer from organic diseases (Barr 1998). The diagnosis of infantile colic is arrived at by the method of exclusion, completing a thorough history and physical examination to rule out any possible serious illness or infection that may be present (Balon 1997). Lissauer and Clayden (1997: 126) noted that there is no firm evidence that the causative mechanism of infantile colic may be attributed to intestinal, biliary or renal causes. The authors further stipulated that cow’s milk intolerance and gasto-oesphageal reflux are seldom responsible. Effective treatment and management of infantile colic is necessary as the difficulties associated with inconsolable crying may persist and although infantile colic is not detrimental to an infant's health, it places tremendous stress on the family (Balon 1997). Moderate to severe cases of infantile colic, as stated by Lund et al. (1998), may involve uncontrollable crying for many hours during day and night, every day. The authors noted that it is destructive to infant and family, as there is a risk that the condition may negatively affect the mother-child bond after three months (Becker et al. 1998) and result in the infant sustaining non-accidental injury (Lissauer and Clayden 1997: 126). In view of the fact that infantile colic responded favourably to spinal manipulation, Wiberg et al. (1999) suggested that the discomfort and colicky symptoms of infantile colic might have a musculoskeletal origin rather than the assumed yet unproven gastrointestinal origin. This hypothesis is supported by the effective treatment response observed in spinal manipulative studies on infantile colic (Wiberg et al. 1999). It leads to the suggestion that either spinal manipulation may be useful in treating visceral disorders, as spinal manipulation has been postulated to cause somatovisceral spinal reflexes (Gatterman 1990: 204), or that infantile colic may be a musculoskeletal disorder, which may explain why spinal manipulation is effective in treating infantile colic. The motion palpation of infants’ spines remains controversial (Volkening 2000). Extensive literature searches have not revealed studies that have ascertained if spinal joint dysfunctions are responsible for the colicky symptoms. The observed clinical improvement (which was noted as a decrease in crying time of the infants) of the treatment groups has lead to the conclusion that removal of spinal joint dysfunctions may play a large part in the alleviation of symptoms of infantile colic (Klougart et al. 1989; Mercer 1999: 39; Wiberg et al. 1999). In studies by Klougart et al. (1989), Mercer (1999:15), Wiberg et al. (1999), only infants suffering from infantile colic were included, therefore it is yet to be determined whether symptoms seen in infants suffering from infantile colic, possibly as a result of spinal joint dysfunction, also occur in healthy infants with no symptoms of infantile colic. As mentioned by Gottlieb (1993), manual assessment of spinal joint dysfunctions in infants is well within the means of current practice in spinal manipulation and will be beneficial, as it may help to determine if there is a correlation between spinal joint dysfunctions and the prevalence of infantile colic. This study may result in more effective diagnosis and management of this benign, yet distressing condition. The purpose of the study is to determine if the prevalence of spinal joint dysfunctions is influenced by whether or not infants suffer from infantile colic.
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Miller, Heidi Lucy. "A prospective pilot investigation of the Zulu translation of the Roland-Morris questionnaire with respect to its concurrent validity when compared to its English counterpart." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/260.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004
128 leavesBackground: Lower back pain is a common problem, globally, as well as in South Africa. Zulu is the first language of a very large proportion of the South African population, and as such, addressing the needs of this population group with respect to lower back pain is a priority. Many reliable pain indexes exist in English to record the degree of disability with regard to Lower back pain. These are invaluable tools in aiding the health practitioner to assess the progress of treatment and the severity of the patient’s disability. One of the most creditable and frequently used indexes is the Roland – Morris Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. However, no such scale exists in Zulu Objective: The purpose of this investigation was, firstly, to interpret the data from the statistical tests for discordance in order to assess whether the face validated Zulu translation of the questionnaire (ZRM1.1) is sensitive and specific enough for use as a tool in data collection, when compared to the English version (ERM). Secondly, to make recommendations for further improvement in terms of the ZRM1.1.
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Smith, Craig Desmond. "An epidemiological study of low back pain in a student population of a South African tertiary educational institution." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/294.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Durban Institute of Technology, 2004 xiii, 53 leaves : ill. ; 30 cmEpidemiological studies, conducted in various countries around the world suggest that low back pain (LBP) represents a serious health risk, affecting populations all over the world. Evidence suggests that the prevalence of LBP is relatively high among people in their 20’s and 30’s. A few epidemiological studies on student populations in other countries suggest prevalence rates of 27 to 71% (Gemmel et al. 1990, Klaber-Moffet et al. 1993, Reis et al. 1996, Lebowski 1997), however LBP among students in South Africa had not yet been investigated. This study concentrated on the prevalence of LBP among the student population of a South African tertiary institution, i.e. Durban Institute of Technology (DIT). This study also proposed to investigate the level and nature of care seeking among those people suffering from LBP. A third aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between potential risk factors and the prevalence of LBP among the student population of South Africa. These were: age, gender, race, height, weight, smoking habits, parity, physical exercise and occupation.
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Campbell, Jennifer. "The relative effect of manipulation and core rehabilitation in the treatment of acute mechanical lower back pain in athletes." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/428.
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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at Durban Institute of Technology, 2007.Objectives The objectives were to compare the relative effect of manipulation and core rehabilitation in the treatment of acute mechanical lower back pain in athletes. Project Design: The study design was a randomized controlled parallel group trial. A quantitative study was performed, by making use of a pre à à à ¢ and post experimental investigation (Nansel et al. 1993 and Naidoo, 2002). Setting: Participants presenting with acute low back pain with an onset of 7 days or less, to the Chiropractic Day Clinic at the Durban University of Technology. Subjects: Thirty athletic participants, either male or female, between the ages of 18 and 45 years presented at the initial consultation which included participant screening and establishment of their suitability for the study. These were then divided into either group A (which received a manipulation) or group B (which received core exercises). Outcome measure: A correct contraction of the core stability muscles was maintained, with a decrease in pressure (in mm Hg) on a Pressure Biofeedback Unit, and an increase in length of time (in seconds). Results: It was found that there was no significant difference between the manipulation and the core rehabilitation groups. Although both groups showed v improvement with regards to their acute mechanical low back pain, the core rehabilitation group improved at a significantly faster rate than the manipulation group with regards to endurance on the stabilizer. Conclusions: Both treatments were equally beneficial for most of the quantitative outcomes measured in this study. However, for the outcome of time on the stabilizer, the core rehabilitation group improved at a significantly faster rate than the manipulation group (p=0.006).
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Gajeerajee, Shethal. "Radiographic and clinical analyses of scoliosis of adult subjects in the greater Durban area." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/522.
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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2010.Aim: To determine a radiographic and clinical profile of adult subjects with scoliosis and to determine an association between selected radiographic and clinical parameters. Subjects: Sixty subjects between 18 and 45 years, with or without neck/back pain, previously diagnosed with scoliosis. Methodology: A case history and a physical examination of the subject which included an orthopedic assessment of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal areas were conducted for all subjects. Selected clinical data viz. a case history, family history, level and location of pain if present, presence of leg length inequality, pelvic obliquity, shoulder height inequality and/or rib hump was recorded. A full spine A-P radiograph was taken for each subject in the weight-bearing position. Selected radiographic parameters viz. location of curve/s, side of convexity, degree of pedicle rotation, level of the apex vertebra and the Cobb angle of inclination were assessed and recorded. SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for data analysis. Results: The mean (± SD) age of the subjects was 26.8 (± 7.9) years. The majority of the subjects were females (63.3 %). A family history of scoliosis was reported by 14 subjects. Most of the subjects (73.3%) complained of pain of moderate severity at the time of presentation. The thoracic and lumbar regions were common areas of complaint in symptomatic subjects and they were most likely to experience pain at the level of the apex vertebra. Shoulder height inequality was observed in 96.7% of subjects, LLI in 91.7% of subjects, rib hump in 73.3% of subjects and pelvic obliquity in 86.7% of subjects. The majority of scoliotic curves were of idiopathic origin (96.7%). Thirty subjects presented with more than one curve. The mean (± SD) Cobb angle for the major curve was 21.3º (± 13.1º) while the mean (± SD) Cobb measurement for the minor curve was 16.7º (± 5.4º). The range for the major and minor curve was 11.5º - 97.0º and 10º- 37º respectively. Both the major and minor curve had the majority of curves located in the thoracic region. However, the apex vertebra was most likely to be found in the T7/T8 region for the major curve and L1/2 region for the minor curve. Pedicle rotation was Grade 1, Grade 0 or Grade 2 (in that order) for the major curves and Grade 0, Grade1 and Grade 2 for the minor iv curves. There was no significant association between the gender of the patient and the severity of pain (p = 0.725), severity of the major curve (p = 0.545) or grade of pedicle rotation (p = 0.639). There was also no significant association between the ethnicity of the subjects and severity of the major curve (p = 0.088) or degree of pedicle rotation (p = 0.882). No significant association was found between location of the major curve and presence of pain (p = 0.565) or between the side of the curve and pain (p = 0.812). There was no correlation between the degree of pain and the degree of curve (r = 0.102). No significant association was found between LLI and degree of curvature (p = 0.470). A significant association between LLI and reported pain was found (p = 0.034). A significant association was observed between the presence of a rib hump and the degree of curvature (p = 0.049). A positive correlation was found between rib hump elevation and degree of curvature (r = 0.814). A positive correlation between rib hump elevation and degree of pedicle rotation was found (rho = 0.308). Conclusion: Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form of scoliosis in young adults. Pain is a common clinical feature in adult scoliosis. The size of the curve does not influence the magnitude of the LLI, pelvic obliquity or shoulder height inequality, however since these clinical features are common findings in the scoliotic individual, it is suggested that these parameters be routinely evaluated for their diagnostic significance. The presence of shoulder height inequality, LLI, rib hump and pelvic obliquity are deemed to be good clinical signs of scoliosis. Even though LLI was not associated with the magnitude of the curve, it may be a significant contributor to the back pain as LLI was found to be the only clinical parameter to have a significant association with pain. Therefore clinicians should explore the treatment of LLI to alleviate pain associated with scoliosis. The presence of a rib hump is a good clinical indication of the presence of a scoliosis.
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Allwood, Tracey Elaine. "The effectiveness of manipulation combined with a cervical pillow compared to manipulation alone in the management of mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1842.
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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 2001.Neck pain is a common condition that has become a serious health concern. Since there is controversy regarding the most effective management of this condition, further research needs to be executed. The purpose of this investigation was to compare manipulation combined with a cervical pillow to manipulation alone in the management of mechanical neck pain. The rationale behind this, was that manipulation is one of the most common treatments for spinal conditions and has shown significant results in alleviating mechanical neck pain. Cervical pillows have been investigated by various researchers. They have concluded that cervical pillows are effective in treating mechanical neck pain. Thus, using the pillow as an adjunct to manipulation should attain superior results to manipulation alone. This study consisted of 40 patients who were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. The average age of the patients was 34 years old and the average duration of neck pain was pain of greater than 6 months. The patients received 6 treatments over a 4 week period. Group1 were manipulated and given a cervical pillow to sleep on, while group 2 received manipulation alone.
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Kaye-Eddie, Cheri. "A comparison of the effects of ultrasound interferential current therapy versus a combination of lumbar spine chiropractic adjustments and ultrasound interferential current therapy in the treatment of lumbar facet syndrome." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11253.
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Sayers, Adam Cornelius. "The effectiveness of chiropractic treatment in combination with dry needling of the vastus medialis oblique muscle in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2472.
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M.Tech.The purpose of this unblinded controlled study was to determine the effective of dry needling of the Vastus Medialis Oblique muscle when utilised in conjunction with conservative chiropractic management for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). The subjects of the trial were treated at the Chiropractic Day Clinic at the University of Johannesburg. Thirty patients suffering from chronic Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome were chosen for the study and they were divided into two groups of fifteen. The first group received conservative chiropractic care which consisted of manipulation of the sacroiliac joint, mobilisation of the knee and patella joints and stretching and strengthening exercises consisting of Quadriceps standing self stretch and Quadriceps setting as the strengthening exercise. The second group received the above treatment but also underwent dry needling of the Vastus Medialis Oblique muscle. The objective data for this research was recorded using a lower limb isometric dynamometer and the subjective data was recorded with a pain scale. Both sets of data were recorded on the first, third and fifth treatments. The results of the trial showed that there was a significant increase in strength with a reduction in pain levels for both groups but there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the two groups. The dry needling group did however improve at a faster rate than the other group but it did even out after the five treatments. What was noteworthy is that the males of the study improved their strength by a much greater extent than the females which is uncommon for PFPS. The end result of this study is that overall, dry needling of the Vastus Medialis Oblique muscle is not highly beneficial in the long term management of PFPS but does have its benefits in the early stages of the treatment in order to relieve the acute pain and increase the Quadriceps muscle strength rapidly.
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Elphinstone, John Wayne. "An investigation to determine the effect of short term low-dye taping on vertical ground reaction forces in asymptomatic PES planus, cavus and normal feet." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/236.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005
xvi, 96, [65] leaves : ill. ; 30 cmLow -Dye taping is a method commonly used in sport participation and normal daily activity (Harradine, Herrington and Wright, 2001). It has been indicated in support of injured structures, decreasing edema and protection against re-injury (Reid, 1992:232). Contrary to these beliefs, studies have shown that low -dye anti-pronatory control is lost after relatively short episodes of exercise (Ator et al., 1991 and Vicenzino et al., 1997). The variations in dynamic foot function with low -dye taping is not well understood, although taping of the foot in low-dye type method has been advocated by many authors (Brantingham et al., 1992, Ryan, 1995 and Chandler and Kibler, 1993). It was the purpose of this study to investigate the maximum ground reaction force and percentage contact time within 10 demarcated regions of the foot in asymptomatic patient with pes planus, cavus and normal medial longitudinal arches at four time intervals over 24 hours. Having established its baseline function it may serve as point of reference for clinical trials that wish to determine the role of taping as part of the management of symptomatic feet.
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Van, der Toorn Ingrid. "The prevalence and clinical presentation of fibularis myofascial trigger points in the assessment and treatment of inversion ankle sprains." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/175.
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Thesis (M.Tech.:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007
121 leavesAnkle sprains account for 85% of all injuries to the ankle (Garrick, 1997). Inversion sprains result from a twisting of a weight-bearing foot into a plantarflexed and inverted position leading to lateral ankle ligament injury. Louwerens and Snijders (1999) state that there are multiple factors involved in ankle sprains or lateral ankle instability. These include injury to the lateral ankle ligaments, proprioceptive dysfunction and decrease of central motor control. Other factors that still need further research include the role of the fibularis muscles, the influence of foot geometry and the role of subtalar instability in ankle sprains (Louwerens and Snijders, 1999). This study focused on the fibularis muscles. Fibularis longus and brevis muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg and function to evert/pronate the foot and plantarflex the ankle. Fibularis tertius is found in the anterior compartment and its function is to evert and dorsiflex the foot. Myofascial trigger points in these three muscles refer pain primarily over the lateral malleolus of the ankle, above, behind and below it (Travell and Simons, 1993 2: 371). This is the exact area where ankle sprain patients experience pain. Travel and Simons (1993 2:110) state that a once off traumatic occurrence can activate myofascial trigger points. When considering the mechanism of injury of a lateral ankle sprain, the importance of the fibularis muscles becomes obvious. When the ankle inverts during a lateral ankle sprain, these muscles are forcefully stretched whilst trying to contract to bring about their normal action. Therefore these muscles are often injured from traction when the foot inverts (Karageanes, 2004). It stands to reason that as a result of this mechanism of injury myofascial trigger points may develop in the fibularis muscles. It was hypothesised that fibularis muscle trigger points would prove to be more prevalent in the injured leg when compared to the uninjured leg. To further investigate this hypothesis, an analytical, cross sectional study (phase 1) was done on 44 participants between the ages of 15 and 50. Consecutive convenience sampling was used and participants were screened according to phase 1’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to Travel et al. (1999 1: 19) myofascial trigger points (whether active or latent) can cause significant motor dysfunction. Trevino, et al. (1994) stated that fibularis muscle weakness is thought to be a source of symptoms after an inversion sprain. Treatment for ankle sprains involves minimising swelling and bruising and encouraging adequate ankle protection in the acute phase. The patient is advised to rest for up to 72 hours to allow the ligaments to heal (Ivins, 2006). After the acute phase has passed, rehabilitation is focused on. This includes improving the ankle range of motion and proprioception. Attention is also given to strengthen the muscles, ligaments and tendons around the ankle joint. In the recommended treatment protocol however, no mention is made of evaluating the musculature around the ankle joint for myofascial trigger points and or treating these points. McGrew and Schenck (2003) noted that if the musculature and neural structures surrounding the ankle joint were affected during an ankle sprain injury, and were left unresolved, they would lead to chronic instability. It was hypothesised that lateral ankle pain due to inversion ankle sprain injuries may be due to referred pain from the fibularis muscle trigger points. Patients treated with dry needling of the fibularis muscle trigger points would therefore show a greater improvement in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings when compared to a placebo treatment (detuned ultrasound) applied to the fibularis muscle trigger points.
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Brown, Colin Douglas. "The effectiveness of first rib adjustment as an adjunct to the treatment of mechanical neck pain." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/338.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006.
130 leaves.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of the adjustment of the first rib as an adjunct to the manipulative treatment of mechanical neck pain, according to subjective and objective clinical findings. The results of this study would indicate to Chiropractors which specific types of adjustments, used for the treatment of mechanical neck pain, would potentially increase the cervical range of motion and / or decrease pain experienced by the patient and thus lead to a more effective treatment protocol. The outcome of the study will help clinicians select the more appropriate treatment for patients based on the subjective and objective outcomes.
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Azizi, Manny. "The efficacy of muscle energy technique in the treatment of rotator cuff tendonitis in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1920.
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A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute Of Technology, 2006.Purpose Repetitive strain injuries, especially rotator cuff tendonitis, are increasing and reaching epidemic proportions in certain industries and in most industrialized countries (Yassi et al. 1996). Fatigue of the rotator cuff allows the humeral head to translate anteriorly, with resultant mechanical impingement of the supraspinatus tendon. At this point inflammatory changes become evident (Fu et al. 1995). According to Greenman (1996), muscle energy technique (MET) is a 'manual medicine treatment procedure that involves the voluntary contraction of a patients muscle in a precisely controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity, against a distinctively executed counterforce applied by the operator.' It has been hypothesized that MET can be used to lengthen and strengthen muscles, to increase fluid mechanics and decrease local edema, and to mobilize a restricted articulation (Greenman 1996). However, these statements have been made in the absence or appropriate research in order to support such statements, therefore. the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Muscle Energy Technique in the treatment of rotator cuff tendonitis in terms of subjective and objective clinical findings. Methods Objective measures included: Diagnostic ultrasound which was used to evaluate changes in inflammation and thickness of the involved tendon, the algometer was used to assess point tenderness, whilst inclinometer readings were taken to evaluate the associated changes in range of motion that may have taken placei
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Rampersad, Rekha. "Chiropractic effectiveness in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2830.
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Lederle, Brett. "The chiropractic management of jumper's knee : a case study." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11284.
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Ferguson, Sarah Kim. "A cross sectional cohort pilot study of the activation and endurance of the transversus abdominis muscle in three populations." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/325.
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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xi, 60 leaves, Annexures 1-9The Transversus Abdominis (TrA) muscle is recognised in the literature as playing a vital and protective role in maintaining a healthy core and aiding lumbar biomechanics in the dampening of external forces applied to the lumbar spine. Pilates purports to employ the principles of core training yet there remains a deficit in the literature despite its popularity in rehabilitation and fitness industries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pilates method in training the TrA in comparison to a moderately active population that regularly exercises in a gym environment, as well as a sedentary control.
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Parker, Alexandra. "The efficacy of the Graston technique instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization in the reduction of scar tissue in the management of chronic ankle instability syndrome following an ankle inversion sprain." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/219.
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Thesis (M.Tech-:Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005
xv, 121 leaves ; ill. ; 30 cmAccording to research, continuing symptoms of pain, instability, crepitus, weakness, stiffness (Pellow and Brantingham, 2001) and swelling (Patel and Warren, 1999:332) commonly follow an acute ankle sprain. The cause of these symptoms is often attributed to the development of a tight sensitive scar (Reid, 1992:251) within the injured ligament. The treatment options available include scar tissue debridement (Bassewitz and Shapiro, 1997), manipulation (Edmond, 1993:164), mobilization, (Hockenbury and Sammarco, 2001) and ultrasound (Thomson, Skinner & Piercy, 1991:43-44). Transverse friction massage could also be used to reduce adhesions (Kessler, 1990:85) and improve mobility of the tissues (Kessler, 1990:140). The Graston Technique Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (GTIASTM) comprises a set of stainless steel instruments (Carey 2003:2) designed to detect and reduce scar tissue and adhesions (Carey 2003:7) by bringing about an area of controlled microtrauma (Hammer, 2003(b):1) and inflammation (Carey 2003:32) through a mechanism similar to that of friction massage.