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Journal articles on the topic 'Chiral Spacer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Guan, Weiming, Bao Li, and Lixin Wu. "Chiral hexamers of organically modified polyoxometalates via ionic complexation." Dalton Transactions 51, no. 11 (2022): 4541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2dt00093h.

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2

Li, L. S., and S. I. Stupp. "The chiral smectic H liquid crystalline structure of a comb-shaped side-chain polymer." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121764.

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The polymer investigated is a comb-shaped polymer with long oligomeric side chains containing a chiral center. The chiral center contains the strongly dipolar nitrile group bound to the aliphatic spacer between aryl units in a stereo-ordered fashion. The chemical structure of the comb polymer is shown below:

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3

Rajakumar, Perumal, Beeran Senthilkumar, and Kannupal Srinivasan. "Synthesis of Azobenzenophanes with a Large Molecular Cavity." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 1 (2006): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch05254.

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The design and synthesis of four large-cavity azobenzenophanes, capable of forming photochemically controllable complexes with organic guest molecules, are described. These azobenzenophanes, possessing m-terphenyl, aromatic carbonyl, and chiral BINOL spacers, were synthesized from the corresponding bisphenols and dibromides using simple O-alkylation methodology. A preliminary photochemical study was carried out on the aromatic carbonyl spacer containing azobenzenophane, and the isosbestic points for the cis–trans isomerization process appeared at 319 and 419 nm.

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4

Yin, Lu, Yin Zhao, Meng Liu, Nianchen Zhou, Wei Zhang, and Xiulin Zhu. "Induction of supramolecular chirality by chiral solvation in achiral Azo polymers with different spacer lengths and push–pull electronic substituents: where will chiral induction appear?" Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 12 (2017): 1906–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00130d.

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5

Zhang, Yi Jun, Cai Xia Dong, Jun Chen, and Run Qiang Liu. "Cellulose Tris(3,5-Dimethylphenylcarbamate) Regioselectively Bonded to Small Pore Silica Gel as Chiral Stationary Phase for HPLC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1361.

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A bifunctional reagent of terephthaloyl chloride was initially adopted as a spacer reagent to prepare the bonded types of chiral stationary phase (CSP) with cellulose derivatives. (3,5-dimethylphenyl)carbamates of cellulose (CDMPC) regioselectively bonded to small pore (3-aminopropyl)silica gel (APS) were prepared with terephthaloyl chloride as a spacer at the 6-position of the primary hydroxyl group on the glucose unit of cellulose. Enantioseparations of five racemic samples are evaluated on the prepared CSP under normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic mode with hexane- isopropylalcohol as the mobile phase. The influence of flow rates and mobile phase compositions on the resolution were investigated. The prepared stationary phase was exhibited an effective chiral recognition.

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6

Zhao, Xuan-Hui, Xiaozong Hu, Meng-En Sun, Xi-Ming Luo, Chong Zhang, Gao-Song Chen, Xi-Yan Dong, and Shuang-Quan Zang. "An enantiomeric pair of 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with circularly polarized luminescence and photoelectric effects." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 9 (2022): 3440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc05836c.

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Circularly polarized luminescent and photoelectric effect 2D hybrid perovskite crystals incorporating chiral cyclohexanediamine spacer cations have been prepared and systematically investigated by comparing achiral crystals.

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7

Goh, Yit-Peng, Wan-Sinn Yam, Foo-Win Yip, and Gurumurthy Hegde. "Chiral Polymorphic Hydrazine-based Asymmetric Liquid Crystal Trimers with Resorcinol as Linking Group." Current Organic Synthesis 18, no. 4 (June 7, 2021): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179418666210202123935.

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Introduction: This is the first report on chiral polymorphic hydrazine-based asymmetric liquid crystal trimers, 1-[4'-(4''-(5-Cholesteryloxy)carbonyl)butyloxy]-3-[N-benzylideneoxy-N'-(4'''-decyloxybenzylidene) hydrazine] butyloxybenzenes, and 1-[4'-(4''-(10-cholesteryloxy)carbonyl)nonyloxy]-3-[N-benzylideneoxy-N'-(4'''- decyloxybenzylidene)hydrazine]butyloxybenzenes., in which the hydrazine and cholesterol arms were connected via two flexible methylene spacers (n = 3-12 units and m = 4 or 9, respectively) to the central resorcinol core. Materials and Methods: FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and CHN microanalysis were used to elucidate the structures of the trimers. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the transitional and phase properties of the trimers, which were length and spacer parity dependent. Trimers with short spacer length in the cholesteryl arm, m = 4 showed an interesting phase sequence of BP/N*-TGBA*-SmA*. Results and Discussion: The TGBA* phase was sensitive to spacer length as it was only observed in trimers with short ester linkage. For the long analogues, m = 9, characteristic visible reflection and a much simpler phase sequence with only N* and SmA* phases were observed. Conclusion: The X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that layer periodicities of the SmA* phase were approximately half the estimated all-trans molecular length (d/L ≈ 0.44-0.52), thus suggesting that the molecules are either strongly intercalated or bent.

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8

Marcos, Mercedes, Ana Omenat, Jose Luis Serrano, and Teresa Sierra. "Ferroelectric dimeric liquid crystals with a chiral flexible spacer." Chemistry of Materials 4, no. 2 (March 1992): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00020a020.

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9

Scherowsky, G., U. Müller, J. Springer, W. Trapp, A. M. Levelut, and P. Davidson. "Liquid-crystalline side chain polymers containing a chiral spacer unit exhibiting chiral smectic phases." Liquid Crystals 5, no. 4 (January 1989): 1297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678298908026435.

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10

Chiellini, E., R. Po, S. Carrozzino, G. Galli, and B. Gallot. "Chiral Liquid-Crystalline Polymers. IX. The Effect of Chiral Spacer Structure in Thermotropic Polyesters." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Incorporating Nonlinear Optics 179, no. 1 (February 1990): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268949008055384.

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11

Ghanem, Ashraf. "Enantioselective Gas Chromatographic Separation of Racemic N-alkylated Barbiturates: Application of C11-Chirasil-Dex as Chiral Stationary Phase in GC." Analytical Chemistry Insights 2 (January 2007): 117739010700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/117739010700200003.

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Chirasil-β-Dex containing an undecamethylene spacer (C11-Chirasil-Dex) was synthesized and used as chiral stationary phase (CSP) in enantioselective gas chromatography (GC). The versatility of the new stationary phase in the simultaneous enantiomeric separation of a set of N-alkylated barbiturates is demonstrated.

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12

Singh, Nirmal, and Lalit Sharma. "Synthesis of Carbohydrate Derived Non-ionic Gemini Surfactants and Study of Their Micellar and Reverse Micellar Behavior - A Review." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 8 (June 18, 2019): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666190123124727.

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Gemini surfactants (gemini) are a distinct class of amphiphiles having more than one hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head group connected via a spacer. These surfactants usually have better surface active properties than corresponding conventional surfactant of equal chain length. Depending upon the nature of charge on head group, these geminis may be cationic or anionic. If there is no charge on head group, the geminis are termed as non-ionic. Carbohydrate derived gemini surfactants carry sugar moiety linked with each of the conventional surfactants, which are further connected by spacer. The sugar moiety was found to enhance the aggregation tendencies. Moreover, due to the presence of sugar moiety, these surfactants are non-toxic and biodegradable. Due to chiral nature of sugar moiety, these surfactants can be used for chiral recognition of some chiral drugs in order to improve their aqueous solubility. Non-ionic surfactants are more important than ionic surfactants as in the latter case, due to repulsion among the same charged head group, aggregation does not take place readily. However, in case of non-ionic surfactants, the head group carries no charge, so there is no repulsion, thus micelle forms easily and at low concentration. The only repulsive forces among head groups are due to hydration shell formed by solvent molecules.

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13

Csuk, René, and Anja Kern. "Synthesis of Rigid Cyclopropanoid Nucleoside Analogues." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-1015.

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A convenient synthesis has been developed for the synthesis of cyclopropanoid nucleoside analogues that possess no additional spacer groups between the heterocycle and the hydroxylated cyclopropane ring. For some of these compounds the respective enantiomers could be separated on an analytical scale by means of HPLC using chiral phases.

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14

Csuk, René, and Gisela Thiede. "Synthesis of Spacered Nucleoside Analogues Comprising a Difluorocyclopropane Moiety." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-0907.

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A novel class of difluorinated cyclopropanoic nucleoside analogues containing a propyl spacer between the cyclopropane ring and the heterocycle has been prepared. Some of these compounds showed weak antitumor activity in prelimary screenings. The resolution of these racemic compounds on an analytical scale was performed by HPLC using chiral stationary phases.

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15

Berthod, Alain, Chau-Dung Chang, and Daniel W. Armstrong. "β-Cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases for liquid chromatography. Effect of the spacer arm on chiral recognition." Talanta 40, no. 9 (September 1993): 1367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(93)80212-a.

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16

Thirunarayanan, Ayyavu, and Perumal Rajakumar. "Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of chiral and achiral thiadiazolophanes." RSC Adv. 4, no. 45 (2014): 23433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02672a.

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One pot synthesis of chiral and achiral 2:2 oligomeric thiadiazolophane 1 and 3 and 3:3 oligomeric thiadiazolophane 2 and 4 with (S)-BINOL and methylene bis-naphthyl spacer unit has been achieved. The photophysical and electrochemical properties revealed higher degree of aggregation in 2:2 oligomor than 3:3 oligomer. Energy minimized calculations show that 3:3 oligomer has less heat of formation than 2:2 oligomer.

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17

Liu, Gang, Yukie Saito, Daisuke Nishio-Hamane, Ajoy K. Bauri, Emmanuel Flahaut, Takahide Kimura, and Naoki Komatsu. "Structural discrimination of double-walled carbon nanotubes by chiral diporphyrin nanocalipers." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 44 (2014): 19067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04407j.

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The spacer (carbazole–pyrene–carbazole) is made longer by 0.4 nm than that of the previous nanocalipers (carbazole–anthracene–carbazole), enabling DWNT separation. After the extraction, the diameter distribution of DWNTs becomes much narrower from 1.25–2.75 nm to 1.25–1.75 nm.

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18

Ema, Tadashi, Shigeharu Misawa, Shuichi Nemugaki, Takashi Sakai, and Masanori Utaka. "New Optically Active Diporphyrin Having a Chiral Cyclophane as a Spacer." Chemistry Letters 26, no. 6 (June 1997): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1997.487.

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19

Ema, T., S. Misawa, S. Nemugaki, T. Sakai, and M. Utaka. "New optically active diporphyrin having a chiral cyclophane as a spacer." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 67, no. 1-4 (July 1997): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0162-0134(97)80279-6.

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20

Poryvai, Anna, Alexej Bubnov, and Michal Kohout. "Chiral Photoresponsive Liquid Crystalline Materials Derived from Cyanoazobenzene Central Core: Effect of UV Light Illumination on Mesomorphic Behavior." Crystals 10, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121161.

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One of the most frequently utilized liquid crystalline (LC) materials is a rod-like (calamitic) compound 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5-CB). The main objective of this work is to enhance its functionality by introducing a photoresponsive diazenyl spacer in the aromatic core and replace the non-chiral pentyl chain with various chiral alkyl carboxylate units. The mesomorphic properties of the prepared materials have been studied using polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It has been found that materials with an extended aromatic system possess the liquid crystalline behavior. The studied LC materials have shown mesophases at lower temperatures than previously reported analogous substances. Furthermore, one of them exhibits a chiral orthogonal frustrated twist grain boundary smectic phase, which has not been previously observed for this structural type of materials. We also investigated photoresponse of the mesophases under illumination with UV-light (365 nm) using a polarizing optical microscope. A non-conventional photoresponse of the prepared materials in a crystalline phase is presented and discussed.

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21

Faye, Valerie, Huu Tinh Nguyen, Valere Law, and Noel Isaert. "Influence of the Spacer in a Series of Chiral Non-Symmetric Dimesogens." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 301, no. 1 (August 1997): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259708041765.

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22

Mizuta, Kenichi, Makoto Katashima, Tomokazu Koga, Kazuhiro Yamabuki, Kenjiro Onimura, and Tsutomu Oishi. "Synthesis of chiral side-chain liquid crystalline polyacetylenes bearing succinic acid spacer." Polymer Bulletin 68, no. 3 (June 24, 2011): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-011-0558-0.

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23

Wang, Dong, Tian Jun Liu, Chao Jun Li, and William T. Slaven. "A chiral conjugated oligomer based on 1,1′-binaphthol with 3,3′-acetylene spacer." Polymer Bulletin 39, no. 3 (September 1997): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050147.

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24

Starodubtsev, Evgenii. "Reflection and transmission of nanoresonators including bi-isotropic and metamaterial layers: opportunities to control and amplify chiral and nonreciprocal effects for nanophotonics applications." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 10 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2023002.

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Electromagnetic waves reflected from and transmitted through the multilayer nanoresonators including the main layer made of a bi-isotropic material or metamaterial sandwiched between dielectric, epsilon-near-zero or metallic spacer layers have been analytically modeled. The numerical and graphical analysis, based on the exact solution of the electromagnetic boundary problem, confirms opportunities to use such nanoresonators as utracompact polarization converters. The proposed systems are characterized by wide ranges of parameters and significantly reduced (subwavelength) thicknesses. The spacer layers can provide modification, control, and amplification of chiral and nonreciprocal effects for the reflected and transmitted radiation. The concept can be realized for various geometries of dielectric, epsilon-near-zero, metallic, bi-isotropic, metamaterial layers and used to develop new ultrathin, large area, and relatively easy-to-manufacture polarization and other devices for nanophotonics.

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25

Zhu, Zhao-Xia, Cong-Cong Luo, Ji-Wei Wang, Jian-She Hu, and Ying-Gang Jia. "Synthesis and properties of (−)-menthol-derived chiral liquid crystals by introducing adipoyloxy spacer between mesogenic core and chiral menthyl." Liquid Crystals 45, no. 10 (March 21, 2018): 1525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2018.1453557.

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26

Wang, Xiaobo, Haohua Li, and Ji Zhou. "Asymmetric Transmission in a Mie-Based Dielectric Metamaterial with Fano Resonance." Materials 12, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071003.

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Chiral metamaterials with asymmetric transmission can be applied as polarization-controlled devices. Here, a Mie-based dielectric metamaterial with a spacer exhibiting asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized waves at microwave frequencies was designed and demonstrated numerically. The unidirectional characteristic is attributed to the chirality of the metamolecule and the mutual excitation of the Mie resonances. Field distributions are simulated to investigate the underlying physical mechanism. Fano-type resonances emerge near the Mie resonances of the constituents and come from the destructive interference inside the structure. The near-field coupling further contributes to the asymmetric transmission. The influences of the lattice constant and the spacer thickness on the asymmetric characteristics were also analyzed by parameter sweeps. The proposed Mie-based metamaterial is of a simple structure, and it has the potential for applications in dielectric metadevices, such as high-performance polarization rotators.

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27

Zhang, Guowen, Man Chao, Shuting Wang, Mengxia Zhu, Dou Wang, Guangsheng Pang, and Yanhui Shi. "Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Chiral Dicarbene Dipalladium Complexes Incorporating the S-binaphthol Unit." Journal of Chemical Research 42, no. 1 (January 2018): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751918x15168768395864.

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A series of chiral di-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) dipalladium complexes, [{PdPyCl2}2(di-NHC)], in which di-NHC represents a di-imidazolylidene, featuring an (S)-3,3′-dimethyl-2,2′-dimethoxy-1,1′-binaphthalene spacer between the carbene units, have been prepared. The influence of ligand size on the catalytic activity of these complexes in the Suzuki reaction of phenylboronic acid with p-bromotoluene has been investigated. The most sterically hindered complex, bearing the di-isopropylphenyl group, showed the greatest catalytic activity, and it is active for various aryl halides with different electronic and steric properties.

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28

Jiao, Ti Feng, and Jing Xin Zhou. "Chiral Interfacial Assembly of a Trigonal Schiff Base Compound with TPPS in Organized Molecular Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.810.

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In order to investigate the chiral interfacial assembly of special amphiphile, a trigonal Schiff base compound with long alkyl chains was designed and synthesized, and its supramolecular assembly and interaction properties were investigated by spectral and morphological measurements. Condensed monolayers were obtained on pure water surface, in which flat and uniform domains were obtained for the monolayers. When an anionic tetrakis(4-sulfonatonphenyl)porphine (TPPS) was added into an acidic subphase, an in situ complex formation between the trigonal amphiphile and TPPS occurred. The complex monolayers were transferred onto solid substrate and TPPS existed as J-aggregate and J-aggregate in the complex films. Due to the multisited positive charges in the spacer on acidic subphase, the complex films of trigonal amphiphile with TPPS appeared as short nanorod structures and formed two-dimensional (2D) conglomerate chiral domains.

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29

Heilmayer, Werner, Bianca Wallfisch, C. Oliver kappe, Curt Wentrup, Karsten Gloe, and Gert Kollenz. "Synthesis and Host-abilities of some New Corands Bearing Uncommon Chiral Spacer Units." Supramolecular Chemistry 15, no. 5 (July 1, 2003): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1061027031000108848.

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30

EMA, T., S. MISAWA, S. NEMUGAKI, T. SAKAI, and M. UTAKA. "ChemInform Abstract: New Optically Active Diporphyrin Having a Chiral Cyclophane as a Spacer." ChemInform 28, no. 45 (August 3, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199745124.

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31

Ratih, Ratih, Hermann Wätzig, Azminah Azminah, Mufarreh Asmari, Benjamin Peters, and Sami El Deeb. "Immobilization of Chondroitin Sulfate A onto Monolithic Epoxy Silica Column as a New Chiral Stationary Phase for High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14020098.

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Chondroitin sulfate A was covalently immobilized onto a monolithic silica epoxy column involving a Schiff base formation in the presence of ethylenediamine as a spacer and evaluated in terms of its selectivity in enantioseparation. The obtained column was utilized as a chiral stationary phase in enantioseparation of amlodipine and verapamil using a mobile phase consisting of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 3.5 and UV detection. Sample dilution by organic solvents (preferably 25% v/v acetonitrile-aqueous solution) was applied to achieve baseline enantioresolution (Rs > 3.0) of the individual drug models within 7 min, an excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999) and an interday repeatability of 1.1% to 1.8% RSD. The performance of the immobilized column for quantification of racemate in commercial tablets showed a recovery of 86–98% from tablet matrices. Computational modeling by molecular docking was employed to investigate the feasible complexes between enantiomers and the chiral selector.

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32

Li, L. S., and S. I. Stupp. "A new type of liquid crystalline structure- The chiral smectic E phase of a comb-shaped polymer." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 1100–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010017863x.

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The polymer investigated here is a comb-shaped macromolecule containing long chiral teeth. The highly dipolar -CN group is part of the stereogenic center located in an aliphatic spacer between aryl units. This center occurs with a high degree of configurational order, thus yielding a chiral molecule of high enantiomeric purity. The chemical structure of the polymer is shown below, Thin films of this polymer were prepared using a solution casting technique and examined in a Philips 420 electron microscope.Fig. 1 shows a selected area electron diffraction pattern of the film, indicating that reflections are distributed with hexagonal symmetry. However this pattern cannot be indexed by hexagonal unit cell parameters but only orthorhombic ones having the values, a=8.24Å, b=5.34Å, γ=90° . The observed d-spacings and their indices are listed in Table 1. Based on Table 1 it is obvious that the lattice of the polymer is orthorhombic and the c axis (the side-chain axis ) is perpendicular to the film.

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33

Watanabe, Masami, and Kenso Soai. "Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes using chiral polymer catalysts possessing a methylene spacer." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 7 (1994): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19940000837.

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34

Luo, Cong-Cong, Qing-Lin Meng, Ji-Wei Wang, Gui-Yang Yan, and Ying-Gang Jia. "Effect of spacer length on mesomorphic behaviours of chiral liquid crystal compounds containing (-)-menthyl." Liquid Crystals 45, no. 12 (June 20, 2018): 1760–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2018.1485978.

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35

Hernández, JoséV, Marta Almaraz, Cesar Raposo, Mercedes Martín, Anna Lithgow, Mercedes Crego, Cruz Caballero, and Joaquín R. Morán. "Chiral recognition of tartaric acid derivatives with chromenone-benzoxazole receptors and a spirobifluorene spacer." Tetrahedron Letters 39, no. 40 (October 1998): 7401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01606-2.

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36

Hirst, Andrew R., David K. Smith, Martin C. Feiters, and Huub P. M. Geurts. "Two-Component Dendritic Gel: Effect of Spacer Chain Length on the Supramolecular Chiral Assembly." Langmuir 20, no. 17 (August 2004): 7070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la048751s.

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37

Yoshizawa, Atsushi, Yukie Soeda, and Isa Nishiyama. "Liquid-crystalline properties of a chiral twin material possessing a remarkably flexible central spacer." Journal of Materials Chemistry 5, no. 4 (1995): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jm9950500675.

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38

Marcelis, Antonius T. M., Arie Koudijs, and Ernst J. R. Sudhölter. "Influence of spacer lengths on the properties of chiral triplet liquid crystals based on estradiol." Liquid Crystals 21, no. 1 (July 1996): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678299608033798.

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39

Shankar, B. Vijai, and Archita Patnaik. "Chiral Discrimination of a Gemini-Type Surfactant with Rigid Spacer at the Air−Water Interface." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111, no. 39 (October 2007): 11419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp074279i.

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40

Miao, Wangen, Dong Yang, and Minghua Liu. "Multiple-Stimulus-Responsive Supramolecular Gels and Regulation of Chiral Twists: The Effect of Spacer Length." Chemistry - A European Journal 21, no. 20 (April 1, 2015): 7562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201500097.

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41

Guldi, Dirk M., Francesco Giacalone, Gema de la Torre, José L. Segura, and Nazario Martín. "Topological Effects of a Rigid Chiral Spacer on the Electronic Interactions in Donor–Acceptor Ensembles." Chemistry - A European Journal 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2005): 7199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200500209.

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42

Jia, Ying-Gang, Jian-She Hu, Dan Li, Qing-Bao Meng, and Xia Zhang. "Synthesis and phase behavior of chiral liquid crystalline polymeric networks derived from menthol." High Performance Polymers 24, no. 8 (June 28, 2012): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008312449843.

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The synthesis of new chiral monomer 4-(menthyloxyacetoxy- benzoyloxy)biphenyl-4′-(2-(undec-10-e noyloxy)ethoxy)benzoate (ML), crosslinking agent 4-(undec-10-enoyloxy)biphenyl-4′-(2-(undec-10-enoyloxy)ethoxy)benzoate (CA), and liquid crystal polymer networks (E1−E5) containing menthyl group is presented. Their chemical structures and phase behavior were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), elemental analyses, polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction. The selective reflection of light for ML was investigated with ultraviolet/visible/near infrared (UV/Visible/NIR). By inserting a flexible spacer between the mesogenic core and the terminal menthyl groups, MLcould form mesophase and show a chiral smectic C phase, cholesteric phase and cubic blue phase. CA displayed a smectic A phase and nematic phase. The polymer networks containing less than 12 mol% of the crosslinking units showed reversible cholesteric phase transition, wide mesophase temperature range, and excellent thermal stability. With increasing the content of crosslinking unit, the corresponding Tg increased, the Ti decreased, and the mesophase temperature range narrowed for E1−E5. TGA showed that the Td(5%) was greater than 330°C for E1−E5.

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43

Seidel, Rüdiger W., and Iris M. Oppel. "Crystal structure of catena-poly[[diiodidomercury(II)]-μ-2,2′-dithiobis(pyridine N-oxide)-κ2 O:O′]." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 4 (March 2, 2018): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018003055.

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Abstract:

The title compound, [HgI2(C10H8N2O2S2)] n , a one-dimensional coordination polymer with HgI2 units and 2,2′-dithiobis(pyridine N-oxide) spacer ligands in an alternating fashion, forms helical chains running along the b axis in the crystal. Within a single coordination polymer strand, the axially chiral 2,2′-dithiobis(pyridine N-oxide) ligands are homochiral, but the enantiomeric conformation is present in adjacent strands. Within a coordination polymer strand, the iodido ligands point towards the centroids of the aromatic rings of the pyridine N-oxide moieties in the coordination sphere of HgII. Moreover, intra-strand C—H...O and C—H...I interactions, and inter-strand short S...I and S...O contacts are observed.

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44

Itoh, Manabu, Masatoshi Tokita, Hiromitsu Hegi, Teruaki Hayakawa, Sungmin Kang, and Junji Watanabe. "Enhancement of the cholesteric induction power by macrocyclization in liquid crystal dimers with a chiral spacer." J. Mater. Chem. 21, no. 6 (2011): 1697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0jm03161e.

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45

Inaki, Yoshiaki, Shigeki Kamo, and Mikiji Miyata. "Base-specific interaction of polymers containing adenine: effect of chiral spacer on the interaction with polynucleotide." Reactive and Functional Polymers 37, no. 1-3 (June 1998): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-5148(97)00118-1.

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46

Soai, Kenso, and Masami Watanabe. "New polymer bound chiral catalyst with methylene spacer for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2, no. 2 (January 1991): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(00)80526-1.

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47

Wallfisch, Bianca C., Tamara Egger, Werner Heilmayer, C. Oliver Kappe, Curt Wentrup, Karsten Gloe, Ferdinand Belaj, Gerd Klintschar, and Gert Kollenz. "2,6,9-Trioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3,7-dienes and 2,4,6,8-Tetraoxaadamantanes: Novel Chiral Spacer Units in Macrocyclic Polyethers." Supramolecular Chemistry 14, no. 5 (July 1, 2002): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1061027021000003430.

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48

Ho Hyun, Myung, and Do Hun Kim. "Spacer length effect of a chiral stationary phase based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid." Chirality 16, no. 5 (2004): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.20038.

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WATANABE, M., and K. SOAI. "ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Using Chiral Polymer Catalysts Possessing a Methylene Spacer." ChemInform 25, no. 32 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199432029.

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Abe, Yunosuke, Toshiki Aoki, Hongge Jia, Shingo Hadano, Takeshi Namikoshi, Yuriko Kakihana, Lijia Liu, Yu Zang, Masahiro Teraguchi, and Takashi Kaneko. "Chiral Teleinduction in Asymmetric Polymerization of 3,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetylene Having a Chiral Group via a Very Long and Rigid Spacer at 4-Position." Chemistry Letters 41, no. 3 (March 5, 2012): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2012.244.

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