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1
Passa, Chiara. Chiara Passa: Object oriented space : viaggio nelle dimensioni invisibili dello spazio = journey into the invisible dimensions of space. Roma: Gangemi editore SpA international, 2019.
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2
Pollacchi, Elena. Wang Bing's Filmmaking of the China Dream. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721837.
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This volume offers an organic discussion of Wang Bing's filmmaking across China’s marginal spaces and against the backdrop of the state-sanctioned 'China Dream'. Wang Bing's cinema gives voice to the subaltern. Focusing on contemporary China, his work testifies to a set of issues dealing with inequality, labour, and migration. His internationally awarded documentaries are considered masterpieces with unique aesthetics that bear reference to global film masters. Therefore, this investigation goes beyond the divides between Western and non-Western film traditions and between fiction and documentary cinema. Each chapter takes a different articulation of space (spaces of labour, history, and memory) as its entry point, bringing together film and documentary studies, Chinese studies, and globalization studies. This volume benefits from the author's extensive conversations with Wang Bing and insider observations of film production and the film festival circuit.
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translator, Kim Paeg-yŏng, Chŏng Chun-yŏng 1972 translator, Yi Hyang-a. translator, and Yi Yŏn-gyŏng translator, eds. Sŏul, kwollyŏk, tosi: Ilbon singmin chibae wa konggong konggan ŭi saenghwal chŏngch'i. Sŏul-si: San Ch'ŏrŏm, 2020.
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4
Cederlöf, Gunnel, and Willem van Schendel. Flows and Frictions in Trans-Himalayan Spaces. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724371.
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Flows and Frictions in Trans-Himalayan Spaces traces movements and connections in a region known for its formidable obstacles to mobility. Eight original essays and a conceptual introduction engage with questions of networks and interconnection between people across a bordered landscape. Mobility among the extremely varied ecologies of south-western China, Myanmar and north-eastern India, with their rugged terrain, high mountains, monsoon-fed rivers and marshy lowlands, is certainly subject to friction. But today, harsh political realities have created hard borders and fractured this trans-Himalayan terrain. However, the closely researched chapters in this book demonstrate that these borders have not prevented an abundance of movements, connections and flows. Mobility has always coexisted with friction here, but this coexistence has been unsettled, giving this space its historical shape and its contemporary dynamism. Introducing the concept of the ‘corridor’ as an analytical framework, this collection investigates mobility and flows in this unique socio-political landscape.
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Valjakka, Minna, and Meiqin Wang, eds. Visual Arts, Representations and Interventions in Contemporary China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982239.
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This edited volume provides a multifaceted investigation of the dynamic interrelations between visual arts and urbanization in contemporary Mainland China with a focus on unseen representations and urban interventions brought about by the transformations of the urban space and the various problems associated with it. Through a wide range of illuminating case studies, the authors demonstrate how innovative artistic and creative practices initiated by various stakeholders not only raise critical awareness on socio-political issues of Chinese urbanization but also actively reshape the urban living spaces. The formation of new collaborations, agencies, aesthetics and cultural production sites facilitate diverse forms of cultural activism as they challenge the dominant ways of interpreting social changes and encourage civic participation in the production of alternative meanings in and of the city. Their significance lies in their potential to question current values and power structures as well as to foster new subjectivities for disparate individuals and social groups.
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Marzluf, Phillip P. Travel Writing in Mongolia and Northern China, 1860-2020. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726269.
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Travel Writing in Mongolia and Northern China, 1860-2020 invites readers to explore Mongolia as an important cultural space for Western travelers and their audiences over three historical eras. Travelers have framed their experiences and observations through imaginative geographies and Orientalizing discourses, fixing Mongolia as a peripheral, timeless, primitive, and parochial place. Readers can examine the travelers’ literary and rhetorical strategies as they make themselves more credible and authoritative and as they identify themselves with Mongolians and Mongolian culture or, conversely, distance themselves. In this book, readers can also approach travel writing from the perspective of women travelers, Mongolian socialist intellectuals, twenty-first-century travelers, and a Han Chinese writer, Jiang Rong, who promotes cultural harmony yet anticipates the disappearance of Mongolian culture in China.
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Ma, Ngok, Edmund W. Cheng, and Edmund W. Cheng, eds. The Umbrella Movement. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984561.
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This volume examines the most spectacular struggle for democracy in post-handover Hong Kong. Bringing together scholars with different disciplinary focuses and comparative perspectives from mainland China, Taiwan and Macau, one common thread that stitches the chapters is the use of first-hand data collected through on-site fieldwork. This study unearths how trajectories can create favourable conditions for the spontaneous civil resistance despite the absence of political opportunities and surveys the dynamics through which the protestors, the regime and the wider public responses differently to the prolonged contentious space. The Umbrella Movement: Civil Resistance and Contentious Space in Hong Kong offers an informed analysis of the political future of Hong Kong and its relations with the authoritarian sovereignty as well as sheds light on the methodological challenges and promises in studying modern-day protests.
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Ma, Ngok, and Edmund W. Cheng, eds. The Umbrella Movement. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789048535248.
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This volume examines the most spectacular struggle for democracy in post-handover Hong Kong. Bringing together scholars with different disciplinary focuses and comparative perspectives from mainland China, Taiwan and Macau, one common thread that stitches the chapters is the use of first-hand data collected through on-site fieldwork. This study unearths how trajectories can create favourable conditions for the spontaneous civil resistance despite the absence of political opportunities and surveys the dynamics through which the protestors, the regime and the wider public responses differently to the prolonged contentious space. The Umbrella Movement: Civil Resistance and Contentious Space in Hong Kong offers an informed analysis of the political future of Hong Kong and its relations with the authoritarian sovereignty as well as sheds light on the methodological challenges and promises in studying modern-day protests.
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Daeyeol, Ku. Korea 1905–1945. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781912961214.
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This important new study by one of Korea’s leading historians focuses on the international relations of colonial Korea – from the Japanese rule of the peninsula and its foreign relations (1905–1945) to the ultimate liberation of the country at the end of the Second World War. In addition, it fills a significant gap – the ‘blank space’ – in Korean diplomatic history. Furthermore, it highlights several other fundamental aspects in the history of modern Korea, such as the historical perception of the policy-making process and the attitudes of both China and Britain which influenced US policy regarding Korea at the end of World War II.
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Grasskamp, Anna Katharina. Art and Ocean Objects of Early Modern Eurasia. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721158.
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During the early modern period, objects of maritime material culture were removed from their places of origin and traded, collected and displayed worldwide. Focusing on shells and pearls exchanged within local and global networks, this monograph compares and connects Asian, in particular Chinese, and European practices of oceanic exploitation in the framework of a transcultural history of art with an understanding of maritime material culture as gendered. Perceiving the ocean as mother of all things, as womb and birthplace, Chinese and European artists and collectors exoticized and eroticized shells’ shapes and surfaces. Defining China and Europe as spaces entangled with South and Southeast Asian sites of knowledge production, source and supply between 1500 and 1700, the book understands oceanic goods and maritime networks as transcending and subverting territorial and topographical boundaries. It also links the study of globally connected port cities to local ecologies of oceanic exploitation and creative practices.
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Seco, Josi M., Emilio Quiqoa, and Ricardo Riguera. The Assignment of the Absolute Configuration by NMR using Chiral Derivatizing Agents. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199996803.001.0001.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy) is a research technique that uses the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei to determine physical and chemical properties of atoms or the molecules in which they are contained. Proton NMR (1H NMR) is a technique that applies NMR spectroscopy specifically to the hydrogen-1 nuclei within the molecules of a substance, in order to determine the structure of that substance's molecules. The use of 1H NMR for the assignment of absolute configuration of organic compounds is a well-established technique. Recent research describes the technique's application to mono-, bi- and trifunctional compounds. In addition, several new auxiliary reagents, mono- and biderivatization procedures, on-resin methodologies and more recently, the use of 13C NMR, have been introduced to the field. In The Assignment of the Absolute Configuration by NMR Using Chiral Derivatizing Agents: A Practical Guide, eminent Professor of Organic Chemistry Ricardo Riguera organizes this cutting-edge NMR research. Professor Riguera offers a short and usable guide that introduces the reader to the research with a plethora of details and examples. The book briefly explains the theoretical aspects necessary for understanding the methodology, dedicating most of its space to covering the practical aspects of the assignment, with examples and spectra taken from the authors' own experiments. Upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and chemical researchers will find this guide useful for their studies and practice.
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Zou, Hongyan. Western China on Screen. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474477857.001.0001.
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This book examines how films set in western China have represented cities since the 1980s by drawing on spatial theories first proposed by Henry Lefebvre and further developed in Edward Soja’s Thirdspace theory. Focusing on the cinematic representation of urban centres located in western China, this book breaks the long-standing stereotypes of the region established in the ethnographic films of China’s Fifth Generation filmmakers. The twelve films examined in this book record and represent a dynamic space transforming from enclosed spaces of production, traditional values, political inertia and socialist capsules to heterogeneous spaces of consumption, modern practices, national power and disappearance under the discourses of urbanisation and modernisation. This spatial transformation of western China diversifies the glamourised images of the post-socialist, technocratic metropolises of Beijing and Shanghai. Analysing the real and imagined spaces represented in and by the films, this book advances the current research on China’s urban cinema by orchestrating space, class, gender, post-colonialism and post-socialism in discussion. It concludes that cinematic western China acts as a space of resistance that reflects the political and ideological power imposed on urban development and lives of the residents in the region; This space of resistance also breaks down such dichotomies as China’s developing west-developed east, countryside-city, tradition-modernity and submission-domination by preserving and presenting multi-layered realities in contemporary western China.
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Zirnbauer, Martin R. Symmetry classes. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.3.
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This article examines the notion of ‘symmetry class’, which expresses the relevance of symmetries as an organizational principle. In his 1962 paper The threefold way: algebraic structure of symmetry groups and ensembles in quantum mechanics, Dyson introduced the prime classification of random matrix ensembles based on a quantum mechanical setting with symmetries. He described three types of independent irreducible ensembles: complex Hermitian, real symmetric, and quaternion self-dual. This article first reviews Dyson’s threefold way from a modern perspective before considering a minimal extension of his setting to incorporate the physics of chiral Dirac fermions and disordered superconductors. In this minimally extended setting, Hilbert space is replaced by Fock space equipped with the anti-unitary operation of particle-hole conjugation, and symmetry classes are in one-to-one correspondence with the large families of Riemannian symmetric spaces.
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Hayward, Keith. Space Capabilities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0046.
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This chapter assesses the current state of European military space capabilities as of 2017. Cooperative programmes have become more prominent, but national concerns are still predominant. While European institutions have acquired some military space interests, intergovernmental policymaking is still critical. Europe has a wide range of technological capabilities, but there are gaps in some security critical areas. The European space industrial base is partially integrated but with some tensions stemming from residual national industrial interests. The chapter examines the leading European national military space capabilities as well as a representative sample of other medium and lesser European powers. Europe is compared with other mid-range space powers such as India and Japan, as well as benchmarking against the United States, Russia, and China. While European military space has made significant progress, it is still impeded by political divisions that reflect wider weaknesses in European security policy.
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Chow, Alexander. A Divided Public Space? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808695.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 looks at how these Christian public theologians compare with other public intellectuals of this period. Because of its significance for our period, the chapter also tries to tease out some of the details of the different intellectual factions that have formed since the late 1990s, paying particular attention to the two major political groupings of ‘new left’ (xin zuo pai) and ‘liberalism’ (ziyou zhuyi). Whilst the revived interests in Confucianism and Christianity are sometimes considered two other factions during this time, the chapter shows how the four schools have much more porous boundaries than is often recognized. The chapter further argues how a ‘Confucian imagination’ shapes various developments in contemporary China, whether this be public intellectualism, generally, or Chinese Christianity, specifically.
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Elsner, Jaś, ed. Landscape and Space. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845955.001.0001.
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This volume addresses a subject central to both world archaeology and trans-cultural art history. Landscape has been a key theme in the last half-century at least in both disciplines, particularly in the study of painting in art history and in all questions of human intervention and the placement of monuments in the natural world, within archaeology. However, the representation of landscape has been rather less addressed in the scholarship of the archaeologically accessed visual cultures of the ancient world. The kinds of reliefs, objects, and paintings discussed have a significant purchase on matters concerned with landscape and space in the visual sphere but were discovered within archaeological contexts and by means of excavation. Through case studies focused on the invention of wilderness imagery in ancient China, the relation of monuments to landscape in ancient Greece, the place of landscape painting in Mesoamerican Maya art and the construction of sacred landscape across Eurasia between Stonehenge and the Silk Road via Pompeii, this book emphasizes the importance of thinking about models of landscape in ancient art and also the value of comparative approaches in underlining core aspects of the topic. Notably it focuses on questions of space, both actual and conceptual, including how space is configured through form and representation.
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Bartley, Tim. Transnational Standards and Empty Spaces. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794332.003.0001.
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A vast new world of transnational standards has emerged, covering issues from human rights to sustainability to food safety. This chapter develops a framework for making sense of this new global order. It is tempting to imagine that global rules can and should bypass corrupt, incapacitated, or illegitimate governments in poor and middle-income countries. This assumption must be rejected if we want to understand the consequences of global rules and the prospects for improvement. After showing how a combination of social movements, global production networks, and neoliberalism gave rise to transnational private regulation, the chapter builds the foundations for the comparative approach of this book. The book’s comparative analysis of land and labor in Indonesia and China sheds light on two key fields of transnational governance, their implications in democratic and authoritarian settings, and the problems of governing the global economy through private regulation.
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Pang, Laikwan. The Allegory of Time and Space. Edited by Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.013.12.
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How did writers in Maoist China assume their role as authors, torn between self-expression and the political demands of the Party? How should we read the literary creations produced at a time in which literary works were not always candid expressions of the authors, but were manifestations of complex negotiations and self-censorship? This chapter provides a case study to illustrate these quandaries, focusing specifically on Tian Han’s historical dramas produced during the late 1950s. It illustrate how Tian Han tried to use historical and intercultural allegories to come to terms with contemporary happenings and offers an analysis of a rarely studied but extremely representative work,Princess Wencheng, that embodies the struggles of the Party and the Han intellectuals with the Tibetan problems during that time.
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Colucci, Lamont C. The United States Space Force. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216183532.
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The United States Space Force, the sixth branch of the armed forces, will soon play a leading role in American foreign policy and will be necessary to protect its economic, political, and social interests at home and abroad. This book argues that America’s newest branch of the armed forces, the United States Space Force, will soon play a key strategic role in American foreign policy, military and economic expansion, and technological innovation. Written by a leading expert on and member of the Space Force, the book offers an introduction to the Space Force, explains the urgent need for it, and walks readers through what exactly the Space Force is and is not. Drawing on dozens of interviews with high-ranking members of the armed forces, the author claims that, in the future, space will be the geopolitical center of world politics, as such countries as the U.S., Russia, and China jockey for control of it. America must therefore set aside partisan politics to make space a top priority, as a failure to do so will leave the U.S. and its citizens in a dangerous and vulnerable position on the world stage.
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Akemann, Gernot. Random matrix theory and quantum chromodynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797319.003.0005.
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This chapter was originally presented to a mixed audience of physicists and mathematicians with some basic working knowledge of random matrix theory. The first part is devoted to the solution of the chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble in the presence of characteristic polynomials, using orthogonal polynomial techniques. This includes all eigenvalue density correlation functions, smallest eigenvalue distributions, and their microscopic limit at the origin. These quantities are relevant for the description of the Dirac operator spectrum in quantum chromodynamics with three colors in four Euclidean space-time dimensions. In the second part these two theories are related based on symmetries, and the random matrix approximation is explained. In the last part recent developments are covered, including the effect of finite chemical potential and finite space-time lattice spacing, and their corresponding orthogonal polynomials. This chapter also provides some open random matrix problems.
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Bajpai, Kanti. Global Competitiveness, Privatization, Dignified Spaces, and Curricular Reform in Indian Higher Education. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199480654.003.0008.
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Every ranking system rates Indian universities poorly against their Asian counterparts in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea, and in some cases, even universities in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The question then is why, given that in 1947 it could fairly be said that at least a dozen Indian universities were leaders in Asia and were of international repute, Indian universities are in an egregious condition. This chapter essays some answers. It also argues for curricular reform, in particular for the introduction of public policy studies at the major Indian universities.
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Steer, Cassandra, and Matthew Hersch, eds. War and Peace in Outer Space. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197548684.001.0001.
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Historically, strategic restraint was the dominant approach among nations active in outer space, all of whom understood that continued access to and use of space required holding back on threats or activities which might jeopardize the status quo of peace in space. However, recently there has been a discernible shift in international rhetoric toward a more offensive approach to defense in space. The US move toward establishing a “Space Force” has been echoed by similar announcements in France and Japan. India launched an antisatellite weapon test and announced proudly that it thereby joined the elite group of China, Russia, and the United States, who have all demonstrated this capability in the past. As technologies in space advance, along with our terrestrial dependence on space-based systems for our peaceful civilian lives and for support of terrestrial warfare, the political stability of this vulnerable environment comes under threat. These factors, combined with a lack of transparency about actual capabilities and intentions on the part of all major players in space, creates a cyclical escalation which has led some commentators to describe this as a return to a Cold War–type arms race and to the foreseeability of a space-based conflict. Due to many unique characteristics of the space domain, an armed conflict in space would be catastrophic for all players, including neutral States, commercial actors, and international civil society. Due to the specificity of the space domain, specialized expertise must be provided to decision makers, and interdisciplinary opinions must be sought from a multitude of stakeholders. To that end, this volume provides a wide spectrum of perspectives from experts who have engaged together at a conference hosted by the Center for Ethics in the Rule of Law to discuss these issues. Ethical, legal, and policy solutions are offered here by those with experience in the space sector, including academia, legal practitioners, military lawyers and operators, diplomats, and policy advisers.
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Ludwig, Andreas, ed. Neue Städte. Wallstein Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783835347465.
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Neue Städte: Materialisierungen ihrer Zeit an einem konkreten Ort. Neue Städte sind Ausdruck einer Utopie: Mit ihnen sollte die Wohnungsnot im kriegszerstörten Europa gelöst, Wohnraum für groß angelegte Industrialisierungsprojekte und die Verwirklichung einer modernen Lebensweise ermöglicht werden. Zugleich stellten sie Repräsentation von Herrschaft und Raumkontrolle dar. Neue Städte altern jedoch schneller als andere Städte. Grund sind Strukturwandel und soziale Veränderungen. Es erfolgten Abrisse, aber auch denkmalpflegerische Rekonstruktion und der Aufbau Neuer Städte an anderen Orten. Die Beiträge des Buches beschreiben den Wandel der Neuen Stadt seit 1945 und verfolgen ihre Entwicklung bis zur Gegenwart - mit Beispielen aus Frankreich, Großbritannien, Albanien, Polen, Ungarn, Israel und China. Dabei geht es auch um die urbane und historische Authentizität der Neuen Stadt und den jeweiligen Umgang mit der eigenen Geschichte. Aus dem Inhalt: Miles Glendinning: Israel: Creating a »New Geography« through New Towns and Public Housing. Sandor Hovath: New Towns, Old Spaces? Hidden Paths of Memory and Representations of City Space in Szálinváros, Hungary. Matthias Bickert, Daniel Göhler: Albaniens kommunistische Neustädte. Eine Betrachtung aus raum- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive.
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Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl N. Cross. The Sino–Russian Military–Security Relationship. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719519.003.0003.
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China and Russia see numerous external and internal challenges that threaten their security, including Russia’s standoff with NATO over Ukraine and China’s territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and both states are increasing the capabilities of their military forces. In this environment, China and Russia have established a secure border that enables them to focus elsewhere. Russian arms sales to China are important, and the two sides engage in joint military exercises, both bilaterally and in conjunction with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. They further cooperate on regional issues and space. However, China and Russia have not formed a military alliance, and the memory of past conflicts and the growing power of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) vis-à-vis the Russian military place limits on security cooperation.
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Parry-Giles, Shawn J. Hillary Clinton as International Emissary and Scorned Wife. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038211.003.0004.
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This chapter analyzes the coverage of Clinton's international excursions beginning in 1995 and ending with the media frenzy over the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal from 1998 through early 1999. As Clinton entered the international spaces of politics as a U.S. emissary, she was framed increasingly as the silent and more appropriately gendered first lady, visualized in the global spaces yet given minimal voice in primetime news coverage. At the first sign of discord, however, the surveillance and scrutiny would begin again, especially coinciding with her very public and outspoken actions during the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in China. The dissipation of controversy over most of Clinton's seventy-eight international trips as first lady suggested that the true spaces of contestation for vocal political women existed within the boundaries of the nation-state.
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Bartley, Tim. The State Strikes Back. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794332.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the rise of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification in China, as well as the challenges of implementation and competition from a state-sponsored homegrown system. Despite challenges to its operations, the FSC grew rapidly in China, especially in comparison to Indonesia. To make sense of this puzzle, the chapter identifies a “dual logic of certifying in authoritarian places”, in which the state crowds the space of private regulators but also edits out the messiness and contention that can otherwise impede certification. Using interview and documentary evidence, the chapter identifies the implications and blind spots of forest certification in China and shows how authoritarian governance suppressed underlying ambiguity and conflict over rights to forest land, making it easier for apparent land grabs to be certified as compliant with the FSC’s high standards.
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Ho, Joseph W. Developing Mission. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760945.001.0001.
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This book offers a transnational cultural history of US and Chinese communities framed by missionary lenses through time and space—tracing the lives and afterlives of images, cameras, and visual imaginations from before the Second Sino-Japanese War through the first years of the People's Republic of China. When American Protestant and Catholic missionaries entered interwar China, they did so with cameras in hand. Missions principally aimed at the conversion of souls and the modernization of East Asia, became, by virtue of the still and moving images recorded, quasi-anthropological ventures that shaped popular understandings of and formal foreign policy toward China. Portable photographic technologies changed the very nature of missionary experience, while images that missionaries circulated between China and the United States affected cross-cultural encounters in times of peace and war. The book illuminates the centrality of visual practices in the American missionary enterprise in modern China, even as intersecting modernities and changing Sino-US relations radically transformed lives behind and in front of those lenses. In doing so, the book reconstructs the almost-lost histories of transnational image makers, subjects, and viewers across twentieth-century China and the United States.
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Wang, Xiaojue. Borders and Borderlands Narratives in Cold War China. Edited by Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.013.17.
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The Cold War marks a key moment in a historical process that catalyzed a multivalent, transnational topography of Chinese literature. This chapter examines borderlands narratives in Cold War China that deal with borders, border-crossers, and the imaginary of other spaces. It features an analysis of Lu Ling’s “Wadi shang de ‘zhanyi’” (“Battle” of the Lowlands) in conjunction with Eileen Chang’sChidi zhilian(Love in the Redland). By emplotting the Korean War, these two stories address China–Korea contact from the perspective of romance, passion, and desire. The chapter continues with a reading of Deng Kebao (Bo Yang)’sYiyu(Alien lands), which tells the story of a Kuomintang force that continued to fight on in the borderlands of southwestern China, Burma, Laos, and Thailand long after the government had retreated to Taiwan. Although informed by ideological dictates of the KMT or the PRC cultural propaganda bureaus, or in Eileen Chang’s case by the United States Information Service (USIS) in Hong Kong, these three works explore border-crossing experiences in national, cultural, or existential terms and complicate the jagged boundaries of China and its identity politics.
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Tsai, Chien-hsin. A Distant Shore. Edited by Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.013.43.
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What relation does or should a descendant of immigrant parents have to the ancestral homeland? And what notions can he or she rely on to characterize, sustain, or even nullify such relations—language, ethnicity, consanguinity, or cultural loyalty? The Chinese Singaporean writer Chia Joo Ming ponders and casts new lights on these questions in his novella “Ambon Vacation.” For Chia, Chinese diasporic subjects have open-ended and plural identities that move and change in time and space. This chapter analyzes the way in which Chia details the entanglement among historical contingency, literary imagination, and personal feelings in relation to contemporary identity politics and the notion of loyalism.
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Brewster, David, ed. India and China at Sea. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479337.001.0001.
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China and India are emerging as major maritime powers as part of long-term shifts in the regional balance of power. As their wealth, interests, and power grow, the two countries are increasingly bumping up against each other across the Indo-Pacific. China’s growing naval presence in the Indian Ocean is seen by many as challenging India’s aspirations towards regional leadership and major power status. How India and China get along in this shared maritime space—cooperation, coexistence, competition, or confrontation—will be one of the key strategic challenges for the entire region. India and China at Sea is an essential resource in understanding how the two countries will interact as major maritime powers in the coming decades. The essays in the volume, by noted strategic analysts from across the world, seek to better understand Indian and Chinese perspectives about their roles in the Indian Ocean and their evolving naval strategies towards each other.
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Brewster, David, ed. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479337.003.0001.
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China and India are fast emerging as major maritime powers of the Indo-Pacific. As their wealth, power, and interests expand, they are increasingly coming into contact with each other in the maritime domain. How India and China get along in the shared Indo-Pacific maritime space—cooperation, coexistence, competition, or confrontation—may be one of the key strategic challenges for the region in the twenty-first century. The relationship between these powers is sometimes a difficult one: in particular, their security relationship is relatively volatile and there are numerous unresolved issues. Not least is China’s growing presence in the Indian Ocean where it is perceived in New Delhi to be shaping the strategic environment and forming alignments that could be used against India....
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Schak, David C. Civility and Its Development. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888455973.001.0001.
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How does civility, defined as considerate treat of others, including strangers, and of the public space, develop in a society? This book aims to answer this question by comparing the processes and outcomes to date of efforts to develop civility in China and Taiwan, two societies that. It first examines the origins and development of civility in Europe questions and whether there was a comparable concept in dynastic China. It follows with arguments for the comparability of China and Taiwan on the basis of their shared cultural heritage, including a conceptual basis for and a history of incivility, authoritarian governance for most of the period since the seventeenth century when the Qing first controlled Taiwan, and top-down civilizing campaigns by the governments of each. It then examines the levels of civility first in China then in Taiwan and examines how Taiwan evolved from an uncivil society composed of myriad small, inward-looking communities, a society in itself, to a very civil society unified by civic nationalism, a society for itself. The concluding chapter examines differences between Taiwan and China that shed light on why the latter has been less successful in developing civility than the former and compares the development of civility with that of democracy, arguing that self-expression values are a prerequisite for both.
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Teemu, Ruskola. Part I Histories, Ch.7 China in the Age of the World Picture. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.003.0008.
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This chapter places China at the centre of international legal theory. More broadly, it explores how the multiethnic Qing Empire (1644–1911) became ‘China’, a sovereign nation-state in a world of other, formally equal nation-states. In framing the question, international law is approached as a foundational aspect of the political ontology of the modern world—one that depends on and sustains a particular metaphysical conception of the world, with associated notions of political time and space. In this light, the law of nations is analyzed at its origin as the constitution of Europe: a set of constitutive norms that governed the relationship among the so-called ‘Family of Nations’, sometimes characterized as the ius publicum Europaeum, or the public law of Europe. As this historically specific legal order has become globalized by means of colonialism, it has become effectively the constitution of the world.
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Endres, Kirsten W. Shoddy, Fake, or Harmful. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794974.003.0008.
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In the late 1980s, after more than ten years of hostility, Vietnam and China resumed normal relations and reopened their border for trade. New livelihood opportunities opened up, drawing many lowland settlers to the region. This chapter details the illegal, semi-legal, and informal flow of goods across the Vietnam–China border and how Kinh small-scale traders and market vendors in Lào Cai City perceive and legitimize their smuggling and selling of contraband. It argues that the “illegal” economic pursuits of Lào Cai small traders must be seen as deeply entrenched in the imperatives of systemic corruption through which local state officials feel invested with the discretionary power to grant exceptions to the law in exchange for bribes. These arrangements ultimately trap traders within a “grey space” of uncertainty between the “light” of free trade, economic opportunity, and self-advancement, and the “darkness” of illegality, corruption, and arbitrary exercise of power.
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Murray, Chris. China from the Ruins of Athens and Rome. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767015.001.0001.
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Fascinated and often baffled by China, Anglophone writers turned to classics for answers. In poetry, essays, and travel narratives, ancient Greece and Rome lent interpretative paradigms and narrative shape to Britain’s information on the Middle Kingdom. While memoirists of the diplomatic missions in 1793 and 1816 used classical ideas to introduce Chinese concepts, Roman history held ominous precedents for Sino–British relations according to Edward Gibbon and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. John Keats illuminated how peculiar such contemporary processes of Orientalist knowledge-formation were. In Britain, popular opinion on Chinese culture wavered during the nineteenth century, as Charles Lamb and Joanna Baillie demonstrated in ekphrastic responses to chinoiserie. A former reverence for China yielded gradually to hostility, and the classical inheritance informed a national identity-crisis over whether Britain’s treatment of China was civilized or barbaric. Amidst this uncertainty, the melancholy conclusion to Virgil’s Aeneid became the master-text for the controversy over British conduct at the Summer Palace in 1860. Yet if Rome was to be the model for the British Empire, Tennyson, Sara Coleridge, and Thomas de Quincey found closer analogues for the Opium Wars in Greek tragedy and Homeric epic. Meanwhile, Sinology advanced considerably during the Victorian age, with translations of Laozi and Zhuangzi placed in dialogue with the classical tradition. Classics changed too, with not only canonical figures invoked in discussions of China, but current interests such as Philostratus and Porphyry. Britain broadened its horizons by interrogating the cultural past anew as it turned to Asia: Anglophone readers were cosmopolitans in time as well as space, aggregating knowledge of Periclean Athens, imperial Rome, and many other polities in their encounters with Qing Dynasty China.
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Mulmi, Amish Raj. All Roads Lead North. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197645994.001.0001.
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During the June 2020 territorial dispute over Kalapani, India blamed tensions on a newly assertive Nepal’s deepening relations with China. But beyond the accusations and grandstanding, this reflects a new reality: the power equations in South Asia have been redrawn, to make space for China. Nepal did not turn northwards overnight. Its ties with China have deep historical roots built on Buddhism, dating to the early first millennium. While India’s unofficial 2015 blockade provided momentum to the rift with Delhi, Nepal has long wanted deeper ties with Beijing, to counteract India’s oppressive intimacy. With China’s growing South Asian and global ambitions, Nepal now has a new primary bilateral partner--and Nepalis are forging a path towards modernity with its help, both in the remote borderlands and in the cities. All Roads Lead North offers a long view of Nepal’s foreign relations, today underpinned by China’s world-power status. Sharing never-before-told stories about Tibetan guerrilla fighters, failed coup leaders and trans-Himalayan traders, Nepal analyst Amish Raj Mulmi examines the histories binding mountain communities together across the Sino-Nepali border. Part history, part journalistic account, Mulmi's is a complex, compelling and rigorously researched study of a small country caught between two neighbourhood giants.
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Lindtner, Silvia M. Prototype Nation. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691207674.001.0001.
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How did China's mass manufacturing and “copycat” production become transformed, in the global tech imagination, from something holding the nation back to one of its key assets? This book offers a rich transnational analysis of how the promise of democratized innovation and entrepreneurial life has shaped China's governance and global image. The book reveals how a growing distrust in Western models of progress and development, including Silicon Valley and the tech industry after the financial crisis of 2007–8, shaped the rise of the global maker movement and the vision of China as a “new frontier” of innovation. The book draws on research in experimental work spaces in China, the United States, Africa, Europe, Taiwan, and Singapore, as well as in key sites of technology investment and industrial production. It examines how the ideals of the maker movement, to intervene in social and economic structures, served the technopolitical project of prototyping a “new” optimistic, assertive, and global China. In doing so, the book demonstrates that entrepreneurial living influences governance, education, policy, investment, and urban redesign in ways that normalize the persistence of sexism, racism, colonialism, and labor exploitation. The book shows that by attending to the bodies and sites that nurture entrepreneurial life, technology can be extricated from the seemingly endless cycle of promise and violence.
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Wang, Xiaoxuan. Maoism and Grassroots Religion. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190069384.001.0001.
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This book explores grassroots religious life under and after Mao in Rui’an County, Wenzhou, in southeastern China, a region widely known for its religious vitality. Drawing on hitherto unexplored local state archives, records of religious institutions, memoirs, and interviews, it tells the story of local communities’ encounters with the Communist revolution, and their consequences, especially the competitions and struggles for religious property and ritual space. It demonstrates that, rather than being totally disrupted, religious life under Mao was characterized by remarkable variance and unevenness and was contingent on the interactions of local dynamics with Maoist campaigns—including the land reform, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution. The revolutionary experience strongly determined the trajectories and development patterns of different religions, inter-religious dynamics, and state-religion relationships in the post-Mao era. This book argues that Maoism was destructively constructive to Chinese religions. It permanently altered the religious landscape in China, especially by inadvertently promoting the localization and even (in some areas) the expansion of Protestant Christianity, as well as the reinvention of traditional communal religion. In this vein, the post-Mao religious revival had deep historical roots in the Mao years, and cannot be explained by contemporary economic motives and cultural logics alone. This book calls for a renewed understanding of Maoism and secularism in the People’s Republic of China.
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Ng, Wing Chung. The State, Public Order, and Local Theater in South China. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039119.003.0006.
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This chapter explores the theater as a site of chaos and unruly behavior, and examines the role of the state in managing the Cantonese opera theater as a public space. It considers the many scars of physical violence borne by the opera community, some inflicted from the outside, and others occasioned by eruptions of factionalism. The division from within became chronic especially in the mid-1920s when politics in Guangzhou took a radical turn. This development was no small irony in an age of state-building when different government authorities—including the British in colonial Hong Kong, the successive warlord regimes in control of South China, and the Chinese Nationalist government after 1927—all, to various degrees, sought to police the theater and assert control in the interest of mobilization, discipline, and order.
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Vu, Tuong. Workers under Communism. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.027.
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This essay compares the experience of workers and workplace politics under communism in the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, China, and Vietnam. State–labour relations in these contexts were fraught with tension from the start. Workers’ experience varied widely over time and space. Nevertheless, all workers were subject to state-imposed forms of domination at the workplace and in society at large. This domination was the effect of a powerful ideology, dense organizations, and social hierarchies that were mutually reinforcing. Many workers actively supported communist goals and were rewarded, but the system failed to motivate enough workers to make it work in the long term. Against the background of stagnant or declining living standards, propaganda failed to enlighten most workers while coercion could not produce disciplined and efficient ones. Socialist workers were disempowered but not powerless to manipulate and resist the system.
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Ching, Leo T. S. Entangled Oppositions. University of California Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520225510.003.0002.
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The historical and political nature of Taiwanese neo-nationalist thought was shortened and complicated not only by its colonial relationship to Japanese colonial power, but also by that to semi-colonized mainland China. The issue that the author addresses in this chapter is the enclosed discursive space of Taiwanese political movements in a chaotic period which ironically enabled the proliferation of political and neo-nationalist identity formations and associations. The Taiwanese identity which emerged at that time was necessarily a relation on a plurality of identifications which do not necessarily form relationships with one another, with the exception of the liberal and Marxist opposition. The primacy given to ethno-nationalism in identifying the various beliefs of Taiwanese political movements serves to deny and obscure the fundamental and contradictory class antagonism within the development of capitalism in colonial Taiwan.
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Lancaster, Carol, and Nicolas van de Walle, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Politics of Development. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.001.0001.
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This book brings together essays that tackle the political aspects of development. It offers various explanations for variations in the pace and pattern of economic development across both time and space, focusing on a particular variable or set of variables such as civil conflict, natural resources, and regime type. The book traces the trajectory of scholarship in the field of political development, beginning with the rise of what became known as “modernization theory” in the 1960s. It also examines how development intersects with ethnicity, democracy, and taxation; the synergies and disconnects among religion, politics, and economic development; the politics of the so-called resource curse; and the impact of foreign aid on democratization in developing countries. Furthermore, the book looks at the experiences of countries and regions such as Africa, India, Latin America, South Korea, China, and East Asia.
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Ho, Elaine Lynn-Ee. Citizens in Motion. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503606661.001.0001.
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This book argues that analyzing emigration, immigration, and re-migration under the framework of contemporaneous migration directs attention to the citizenship formations that interconnect migration sites, shaping the lives of citizens in motion. It departs from conventional approaches that study migration sites in isolation or as snapshots in time. Taking Chinese emigration as the starting point, the analysis becomes deepened by incorporating insights from migrant-receiving countries, namely Canada and Singapore, which are facing new emigration or re-migration trends among their own citizens. By analyzing shifts in migration patterns over time, we also come to understand how China is becoming an immigration country. The arguments offer new insights for researchers studying Chinese migration and diaspora. As an analytical approach, contemporaneous migration contributes to our theorization of citizenship and territory, fraternity and alterity, ethnicity, and the co-constitution of time and space.
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Grare, Frédéric. India-Myanmar Relations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859336.003.0005.
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The search for greater connectivity with Southeast Asia is driving the evolution of the relationship between India and Myanmar. A partnership with Naypyidaw could help India’s integration with the more dynamic economies of Southeast Asia as well as with the dynamic Yunnan province in China. In doing so, India also expects to contain China’s influence in Myanmar. Transport infrastructure projects, including the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project, are being developed in Myanmar that may help India achieve its objectives. But numerous obstacles including ethnic conflicts in the country as well as relative mistrust between New Delhi and Naypyidaw may inhibit regional integration through Myanmar. India moreover faces competition from countries with much larger capacities such as Japan and the United States, which on one hand may help diminish China’s influence but also diminish the political space available for India.
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Sweet, Jonathan, and Fengqi Qian. History, Heritage, and the Representation of Ethnic Diversity. Edited by Paula Hamilton and James B. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766024.013.16.
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Government, tourism developers, and communities appreciate the cultural significance of historic sites from varied viewpoints. This chapter aims to provide an effective lens through which to view the development trajectory of China’s cultural heritage tourism. A central thread is the relationship between cultural heritage tourism and the shaping of the public view of history, examined using the case study of Chengde, a World Heritage Site in China. The study provides insight into the contested use of the space by different parties through analysis of Chengde’s symbolic value in promoting ethnic diversity and enhancing national unity. Although the focus on the site’s cultural significance has resulted in a variety of public programs, interpretation of the site reflects values consistent with government objectives and commercial interests. The ability of the site to incorporate multiple perspectives in heritage interpretation is limited by underdeveloped community consultation and participation in the heritage management process.
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Dallmayr, Fred. The Prospect of Confucian Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190670979.003.0006.
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Recent times have seen resolute efforts seeking to reconcile Asian traditions with democracy, specifically by bending some hierarchical features of the past in the direction of the qualitative equality and relationality demanded in our age. The chapter concentrates on debates in several Asian countries, including China, about the compatibility of Confucian teachings with the democratic requirement of equal citizenship. The chapter distinguishes between a minimalist, a maximalist, and a balanced approach. In the first case, Confucian teachings are restricted to the purely private sphere removed from public life. This model robs Confucianism of the crucial element of social relationality. In the second type, Confucianism is elevated to a dominant creed, in violation of the constitutive openness (or emptiness) of the democratic public space. The last version rejects this totalizing ambition, but without abandoning Confucianism’s educational and socializing qualities, thus arriving at a social-democratic vision.
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Aronstein, Susan, ed. A Cultural History of Fairy Tales in the Middle Ages. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350094499.
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How have fairy tales from around the world changed over the centuries? What do they tell us about different cultures and societies? Spanning the years from 900 to 1500 and traversing geographical borders, from England to France and India to China, this book uniquely examines the tales told, translated, adapted and circulated during the period known as the Middle Ages. Scholars in history, literature and cultural studies explore the development of epic tales of heroes and monsters and enchanted romance narratives. Examining how tales evolved and functioned across different societies during the Middle Ages, this book demonstrates how the plots, themes and motifs used in medieval tales influenced later developments in the genre. An essential resource for researchers, scholars and students of literature, history and cultural studies, this volume explores themes including: forms of the marvelous, adaptation, gender and sexuality, humans and non-humans, monsters and the monstrous, spaces, socialization, and power.
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Hanhimäki, Jussi M. Pax Transatlantica. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922160.001.0001.
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Pax Transatlantica asserts that the recurrent transatlantic crises that have dominated headlines since the end of the Cold War, while not irrelevant, pale when set against the realities of shared interests and goals. It emphasizes three key factors. First, despite inflammatory and dismissive rhetoric, NATO continues to provide a solid security structure for its member states: an institutional framework of a Pax Transatlantica that has stood the test of time by expanding its remit and scope. Second, in a world concerned with the potential effects of trade wars (especially between the United States and China) and the rise of economic nationalism, the transatlantic economic relationship stands apart as the richest, most closely integrated transcontinental economic space on the globe. Third, the book traces the parallel evolution of domestic politics on both sides of the Atlantic with specific focus on the rise of populism. Rather than a sign of transatlantic “drift,” the rise of populism—much like the emergence of so-called Third Way politics on both sides of the Atlantic in the 1990s—is evidence of a closely integrated transatlantic political space. In the end, while it is obvious that the history of the transatlantic relationship—even during the Cold War—was littered with crises, the relationship has endured. Conflicts have illustrated, time and again, the strength of the transatlantic community. The “West,” the book concludes, not only continues to exist. It is likely to thrive in the future.
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Beaulieu, Marie-Claire, ed. A Cultural History of the Sea in Antiquity. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207201.
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The sea is omnipresent in the ancient cultures of the Mediterranean basin. It is an inexhaustible source of food, but also a well-traveled roadway and a means to communicate, trade with, or wage war against one’s neighbors. Perhaps because these practical meanings of the sea were so deeply embedded in daily life, the sea also had a profound religious and symbolic significance for ancient people, from the worship of sea-deities by anxious mariners to the creation of intricate literary devices based on ‘the wine-dark sea’ and concepts such as insularity. People even imagined that, at the edge of the world, where the ocean meets the sky, was the entrance to the Underworld as well as to Olympus, the realm of the gods. In between these distant mythical shores and the well-known contours of the Mediterranean was a space where all utopias and dystopias could be projected—a space to discover and rediscover endlessly. This volume addresses the constant interplay between the real and the imaginary significance of the sea in ancient thought, from philosophy and science to shipbuilding, trade routes, military technology, poetry, mythmaking, and iconography. The volume spans a period of almost two millennia and an area that covers Spain to India and China, and West Africa to the British Isles, demonstrating the global interconnection of cultures and trade, conceived in its broadest possible sense, in the ancient world.
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Veg, Sebastian, ed. Popular Memories of the Mao Era. Hong Kong University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390762.001.0001.
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Over the past 10 or 15 years in China, there has been unprecedented critical public discussion of key episodes in PRC history, in particular the Great Famine of 1959-1961, the Anti-Rightist movement of 1957, and the Cultural Revolution, with the wave of Red Guard apologies. These discussions are quite different from previous expressions of traumatic or nostalgic memories of the Mao era, respectively in the 1980s and 1990s. They reflect both growing dissatisfaction with the authoritarian control over history exercised by the Chinese state, and the new spaces provided for counter-hegemonic narratives by social media and the growing private economy in the 2000s. Unofficial or independent journals, self-published books, social media groups, independent documentary films, private museums, oral history projects, and archival research by amateur historians have all contributed to embryonic public or semi-public discussion. The present volume provides an overview of these new forms of popular memory, in particular critical memory, of the Mao era. Focusing on the processes of private production, public dissemination, and social sanctioning of narratives of the past in contemporary China, it examines the relation between popular memories and their social construction as historical knowledge. The three parts of the book are devoted to the shifting boundary between private and public in the press and media, the reconfiguration of elite and popular discourses in cultural productions (film, visual art, literature), and the emergence of new discourses of knowledge in popular history.