Academic literature on the topic 'Chiral Plasmonic Systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Chiral Plasmonic Systems"
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Urban, Maximilian J., Chenqi Shen, Xiang-Tian Kong, Chenggan Zhu, Alexander O. Govorov, Qiangbin Wang, Mario Hentschel, and Na Liu. "Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures Enabled by Bottom-Up Approaches." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 70, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-050317-021332.
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We present a comprehensive review of recent developments in the field of chiral plasmonics. Significant advances have been made recently in understanding the working principles of chiral plasmonic structures. With advances in micro- and nanofabrication techniques, a variety of chiral plasmonic nanostructures have been experimentally realized; these tailored chiroptical properties vastly outperform those of their molecular counterparts. We focus on chiral plasmonic nanostructures created using bottom-up approaches, which not only allow for rational design and fabrication but most intriguingly in many cases also enable dynamic manipulation and tuning of chiroptical responses. We first discuss plasmon-induced chirality, resulting from the interaction of chiral molecules with plasmonic excitations. Subsequently, we discuss intrinsically chiral colloids, which give rise to optical chirality owing to their chiral shapes. Finally, we discuss plasmonic chirality, achieved by arranging achiral plasmonic particles into handed configurations on static or active templates. Chiral plasmonic nanostructures are very promising candidates for real-life applications owing to their significantly larger optical chirality than natural molecules. In addition, chiral plasmonic nanostructures offer engineerable and dynamic chiroptical responses, which are formidable to achieve in molecular systems. We thus anticipate that the field of chiral plasmonics will attract further widespread attention in applications ranging from enantioselective analysis to chiral sensing, structural determination, and in situ ultrasensitive detection of multiple disease biomarkers, as well as optical monitoring of transmembrane transport and intracellular metabolism.
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Toffoli, Daniele, Marco Medves, Giovanna Fronzoni, Emanuele Coccia, Mauro Stener, Luca Sementa, and Alessandro Fortunelli. "Plasmonic Circular Dichroism in Chiral Gold Nanowire Dimers." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010093.
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We report a computational study at the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) level of the chiro-optical spectra of chiral gold nanowires coupled in dimers. Our goal is to explore whether it is possible to overcome destructive interference in single nanowires that damp chiral response in these systems and to achieve intense plasmonic circular dichroism (CD) through a coupling between the nanostructures. We predict a huge enhancement of circular dichroism at the plasmon resonance when two chiral nanowires are intimately coupled in an achiral relative arrangement. Such an effect is even more pronounced when two chiral nanowires are coupled in a chiral relative arrangement. Individual component maps of rotator strength, partial contributions according to the magnetic dipole component, and induced densities allow us to fully rationalize these findings, thus opening the way to the field of plasmonic CD and its rational design.
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Song, Justin C. W., and Mark S. Rudner. "Chiral plasmons without magnetic field." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 17 (April 11, 2016): 4658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519086113.
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Plasmons, the collective oscillations of interacting electrons, possess emergent properties that dramatically alter the optical response of metals. We predict the existence of a new class of plasmons—chiral Berry plasmons (CBPs)—for a wide range of 2D metallic systems including gapped Dirac materials. As we show, in these materials the interplay between Berry curvature and electron–electron interactions yields chiral plasmonic modes at zero magnetic field. The CBP modes are confined to system boundaries, even in the absence of topological edge states, with chirality manifested in split energy dispersions for oppositely directed plasmon waves. We unveil a rich CBP phenomenology and propose setups for realizing them, including in anomalous Hall metals and optically pumped 2D Dirac materials. Realization of CBPs will offer a powerful paradigm for magnetic field-free, subwavelength optical nonreciprocity, in the mid-IR to terahertz range, with tunable splittings as large as tens of THz, as well as sensitive all-optical diagnostics of topological bands.
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Li, Jianmei, Jingyi Liu, Zirui Guo, Zeyu Chang, and Yang Guo. "Engineering Plasmonic Environments for 2D Materials and 2D-Based Photodetectors." Molecules 27, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 2807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092807.
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Two-dimensional layered materials are considered ideal platforms to study novel small-scale optoelectronic devices due to their unique electronic structures and fantastic physical properties. However, it is urgent to further improve the light–matter interaction in these materials because their light absorption efficiency is limited by the atomically thin thickness. One of the promising approaches is to engineer the plasmonic environment around 2D materials for modulating light–matter interaction in 2D materials. This method greatly benefits from the advances in the development of nanofabrication and out-plane van der Waals interaction of 2D materials. In this paper, we review a series of recent works on 2D materials integrated with plasmonic environments, including the plasmonic-enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield, strong coupling between plasmons and excitons, nonlinear optics in plasmonic nanocavities, manipulation of chiral optical signals in hybrid nanostructures, and the improvement of the performance of optoelectronic devices based on composite systems.
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Li, Feng, Skandan Chandrasekar, Aftab Ahmed, and Anna Klinkova. "Interparticle gap geometry effects on chiroptical properties of plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies." Nanotechnology 33, no. 12 (December 28, 2021): 125203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac3f12.
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Abstract Chiral linear assemblies of plasmonic nanoparticles with chiral optical activity often show low asymmetry factors. Systematic understanding of the structure-property relationship in these systems must be improved to facilitate rational design of their chiroptical response. Here we study the effect of large area interparticle gaps in chiral linear nanoparticle assemblies on their chiroptical properties using a tetrahelix structure formed by a linear face-to-face assembly of nanoscale Au tetrahedra. Using finite-difference time-domain and finite element methods, we performed in-depth evaluation of the extinction spectra and electric field distribution in the tetrahelix structure and its dependence on various geometric parameters. The reported structure supports various plasmonic modes, one of which shows a strong incident light handedness selectivity that is associated with large face-to-face junctions. This works highlights the importance of gap engineering in chiral plasmonic assemblies to achieve g-factors greater than 1 and produce structures with a handedness-selective optical response.
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Chen, Zhao, Yaolun Yu, Yilin Wang, Zhiling Hou, and Li Yu. "Plasmon-Induced Transparency for Tunable Atom Trapping in a Chiral Metamaterial Structure." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030516.
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Plasmon-induced transparency (PIT), usually observed in plasmonic metamaterial structure, remains an attractive topic for research due to its unique optical properties. However, there is almost no research on using the interaction of plasmonic metamaterial and high refractive index dielectric to realize PIT. Here, we report a novel nanophotonics system that makes it possible to realize PIT based on guided-mode resonance and numerically demonstrate its transmission and reflection characteristics by finite element method simulations. The system is composed of a high refractive-index dielectric material and a two-dimensional metallic photonic crystal with 4-fold asymmetric holes. The interaction mechanism of the proposed structure is analyzed by the coupled-mode theory, and the effects of the parameters on PIT are investigated in detail. In addition, we first consider this PIT phenomenon of such fields on atom trapping (87Rb), and the results show that a stable 3D atom trapping with a tunable range of position of about ~17 nm is achieved. Our work provides a novel, efficient way to realize PIT, and it further broadens the application of plasmonic metamaterial systems.
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A. Paiva-Marques, Willian, Faustino Reyes Gómez, Osvaldo N. Oliveira, and J. Ricardo Mejía-Salazar. "Chiral Plasmonics and Their Potential for Point-of-Care Biosensing Applications." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030944.
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There has been growing interest in using strong field enhancement and light localization in plasmonic nanostructures to control the polarization properties of light. Various experimental techniques are now used to fabricate twisted metallic nanoparticles and metasurfaces, where strongly enhanced chiral near-fields are used to intensify circular dichroism (CD) signals. In this review, state-of-the-art strategies to develop such chiral plasmonic nanoparticles and metasurfaces are summarized, with emphasis on the most recent trends for the design and development of functionalizable surfaces. The major objective is to perform enantiomer selection which is relevant in pharmaceutical applications and for biosensing. Enhanced sensing capabilities are key for the design and manufacture of lab-on-a-chip devices, commonly named point-of-care biosensing devices, which are promising for next-generation healthcare systems.
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Cheng, Haowei, Kun Liang, Xuyan Deng, Lei Jin, Jingcheng Shangguan, Jiasen Zhang, Jiaqi Guo, and Li Yu. "Optical Chirality of Gold Chiral Helicoid Nanoparticles in the Strong Coupling Region." Photonics 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030251.
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The far- and near-field chirality properties are usually characterized by circular dichroism (CD) and optical chirality (OC), respectively. As a light–matter interaction for the hybrid states consisting of plasmons and excitons, the strong coupling interactions can affect the original chiral electromagnetic modes. However, there are few works on this influence process, which prevents an in-depth understanding of chirality. Here, we theoretically investigate both the far-field and near-field characteristics of the chiral plasmonic gold helicoid nanoparticle (GHNP) to explore the chirality mechanism further. We found that the electromagnetic field distribution of GHNP consists of one dark mode and two bright modes. The dark mode is observed more clearly in CD than in extinction spectra. Two bright modes can strongly couple with excitons respectively, which is confirmed by the anticrossing behavior and mode splitting exhibited in the extinction and CD spectra. We also analyzed the near-field OC distribution of the GHNP hybrid system and obtained the chiral responses as well as the spectral correspondence between OC and CD. Furthermore, although the strong coupling interaction changes the energy levels, resulting in mode splitting, the chiral hotspot distributions of both the upper polariton branch and lower polariton branch are consistent with the original bright mode in OC maps. Our findings provide guidance for the design of structures with strong chiral responses and enhance the comprehension of chiral strong coupling systems.
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Feng, Hua Yu, Carolina de Dios, Fernando García, Alfonso Cebollada, and Gaspar Armelles. "Analysis and magnetic modulation of chiro-optical properties in anisotropic chiral and magneto-chiral plasmonic systems." Optics Express 25, no. 25 (November 28, 2017): 31045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.031045.
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Zhu, Jinjin, Fan Wu, Zihong Han, Yingxu Shang, Fengsong Liu, Haiyin Yu, Li Yu, Na Li, and Baoquan Ding. "Strong Light–Matter Interactions in Chiral Plasmonic–Excitonic Systems Assembled on DNA Origami." Nano Letters 21, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00596.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Chiral Plasmonic Systems"
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Yin, Xinghui [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Giessen. "Functional complex plasmonics : understanding and realizing chiral and active plasmonic systems / Xinghui Yin ; Betreuer: Harald Giessen." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1141176394/34.
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Singh, Haobijam Johnson. "Engineering Plasmonic Interactions in Three Dimensional Nanostructured Systems." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3079.
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Strong light matter interactions in metallic nanoparticles (NPs), especially those made of noble metals such as Gold and Silver is at the heart of much ongoing research in nanoplasmonics. Individual NPs can support collective excitations (Plasmon’s) of the electron plasma at certain wavelengths, known as the localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) which provides a powerful platform for various sensing, imaging and therapeutic applications. For a collection of NPs their optical properties can be signify cannily different from isolated particles, an effect which originates in the electromagnetic interactions between the localised Plasmon modes. An interesting aspect of such interactions is their strong dependence on the geometry of NP collection and accordingly new optical properties can arise. While this problem has been well considered in one and two dimensions with periodic as well as with random arrays of NPs, three dimensional systems are yet to be fully explored. In particular, there are challenges in the successful de-sign and fabrication of three dimensional (3D) plasmonic metamaterials at optical frequencies.
In the work presented in this thesis we present a detail investigation of the theoretical and experimental aspects of plasmonic interactions in two geometrically different three dimensional plasmonic nanostructured systems - a chiral system consisting of achiral plasmonic nanoparticles arranged in a helical geometry and an achiral system consisting of achiral plasmonic nanoparticle arrays stacked vertically into three dimensional geometry. The helical arrangement of achiral plasmonic nanoparticles were realised using a wafer scale technique known as Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD). The measured chiro-optical response which arises solely from the interactions of the individual achiral plasmonic NPs was found to be one of the largest reported value in the visible. Semi analytical calculation based on couple dipole approximation was able to model the experimental chiro-optical response including all the variabilities present in the experimental system.
Various strategies based on antiparticle spacing, oriented elliptical nanoparticles, dielectric constant value of the dielectric template were explored such as to engineer a strong and tunable chiro-optical response. A key point of the experimental system despite the presence of variabilities, was that the measured chiro-optical response showed less than 10 % variability along the sample surface. Additionally we could exploit the strong near held interactions of the plasmonic nanoparticles to achieve a strongly nonlinear circular differential response of two photon photoluminescent from the helically arranged nanoparticles. In addition to these plasmonic chiral systems, our study also includes investigation of light matter interactions in purely dielectric chiral systems of solid and core shell helical geometry. The chiro-optical response was found to be similar for both the systems and depend strongly on their helical geometry. A core-shell helical geometry provides an easy route for tuning the chiro-optical response over the entire visible and near IR range by simply changing the shell thickness as well as shell material. The measured response of the samples was found to be very large and very uniform over the sample surface. Since the material system is based entirely on dielectrics, losses are minimal and hence could possibly serve as an alternative to conventional plasmonic chiro-optical materials.
Finally we demonstrated the used of an achiral three dimensional plasmonic nanostructure as a SERS (surface enhance Raman spectroscopy) substrate. The structure consisted of porous 3D metallic NP arrays that are held in place by dielectric rods. For practically important applications, the enhancement factor, as well as the spatial density of the metallic NPs within the laser illumination volume, arranged in a porous 3D array needs to be large, such that any molecule in the vicinity of the metal NP gives rise to an enhanced Raman signal. Having a large number of metallic NPs within the laser illumination volume, increases the probability of a target molecule to come in the vicinity of the metal NPs. This has been achieved in the structures reported here, where high enhancement factor (EF) in conjunction with large surface area available in a three dimensional structure, makes the 3D NP arrays attractive candidates as SERS substrates.
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Singh, Haobijam Johnson. "Engineering Plasmonic Interactions in Three Dimensional Nanostructured Systems." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3079.
Full textAbstract:
Strong light matter interactions in metallic nanoparticles (NPs), especially those made of noble metals such as Gold and Silver is at the heart of much ongoing research in nanoplasmonics. Individual NPs can support collective excitations (Plasmon’s) of the electron plasma at certain wavelengths, known as the localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) which provides a powerful platform for various sensing, imaging and therapeutic applications. For a collection of NPs their optical properties can be signify cannily different from isolated particles, an effect which originates in the electromagnetic interactions between the localised Plasmon modes. An interesting aspect of such interactions is their strong dependence on the geometry of NP collection and accordingly new optical properties can arise. While this problem has been well considered in one and two dimensions with periodic as well as with random arrays of NPs, three dimensional systems are yet to be fully explored. In particular, there are challenges in the successful de-sign and fabrication of three dimensional (3D) plasmonic metamaterials at optical frequencies.
In the work presented in this thesis we present a detail investigation of the theoretical and experimental aspects of plasmonic interactions in two geometrically different three dimensional plasmonic nanostructured systems - a chiral system consisting of achiral plasmonic nanoparticles arranged in a helical geometry and an achiral system consisting of achiral plasmonic nanoparticle arrays stacked vertically into three dimensional geometry. The helical arrangement of achiral plasmonic nanoparticles were realised using a wafer scale technique known as Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD). The measured chiro-optical response which arises solely from the interactions of the individual achiral plasmonic NPs was found to be one of the largest reported value in the visible. Semi analytical calculation based on couple dipole approximation was able to model the experimental chiro-optical response including all the variabilities present in the experimental system.
Various strategies based on antiparticle spacing, oriented elliptical nanoparticles, dielectric constant value of the dielectric template were explored such as to engineer a strong and tunable chiro-optical response. A key point of the experimental system despite the presence of variabilities, was that the measured chiro-optical response showed less than 10 % variability along the sample surface. Additionally we could exploit the strong near held interactions of the plasmonic nanoparticles to achieve a strongly nonlinear circular differential response of two photon photoluminescent from the helically arranged nanoparticles. In addition to these plasmonic chiral systems, our study also includes investigation of light matter interactions in purely dielectric chiral systems of solid and core shell helical geometry. The chiro-optical response was found to be similar for both the systems and depend strongly on their helical geometry. A core-shell helical geometry provides an easy route for tuning the chiro-optical response over the entire visible and near IR range by simply changing the shell thickness as well as shell material. The measured response of the samples was found to be very large and very uniform over the sample surface. Since the material system is based entirely on dielectrics, losses are minimal and hence could possibly serve as an alternative to conventional plasmonic chiro-optical materials.
Finally we demonstrated the used of an achiral three dimensional plasmonic nanostructure as a SERS (surface enhance Raman spectroscopy) substrate. The structure consisted of porous 3D metallic NP arrays that are held in place by dielectric rods. For practically important applications, the enhancement factor, as well as the spatial density of the metallic NPs within the laser illumination volume, arranged in a porous 3D array needs to be large, such that any molecule in the vicinity of the metal NP gives rise to an enhanced Raman signal. Having a large number of metallic NPs within the laser illumination volume, increases the probability of a target molecule to come in the vicinity of the metal NPs. This has been achieved in the structures reported here, where high enhancement factor (EF) in conjunction with large surface area available in a three dimensional structure, makes the 3D NP arrays attractive candidates as SERS substrates.
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Nair, Greshma. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of Three-Dimensional Chiro-Optical Materials." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4072.
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Light-matter interactions at the nanoscale have been widely studied over the past few decades. In particular, the interaction of light with asymmetric nanostructures has harbored the interests of chemists, biologists and physicists alike. The world around us is largely constituted of asymmetric structures such as DNA, sugars, amino-acids, proteins, enzymes which form the backbone of every living matter. Structures which cannot be superimposed on their mirror images are termed as chiral structures. Naturally occurring chiral objects display unique optical properties such as Circular Dichroism (CD) and Optical Rotation, although these effects are typically very weak and occur in the UV.
In recent years, researchers have focused in designing artificial chiral substrates with large chiral response in the visible, which are orders of magnitude stronger than the naturally chiral objects. These engineered systems are suitable for a wide range of applications such as broadband circular polarizers, chiral molecule detection and negative refractive index media. The design scheme for chiro-plasmonic systems relied on the assembling plasmonic achiral nanostructures in chiral geometries or fabricating plasmonic materials of chiral geometries. In the work presented in this thesis, we present a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of plasmonic effects in different two and three dimensional chiral systems.
One of the design schemes proposed in this work consists of vertical stacking of oppositely handed 2D chiral structures. Owing to the strong plasmon coupling between the individual nanostructures, there was a significant enhancement in the calculated CD values as opposed
to the isolated planar components. Varying the separation and the relative orientation of the layers rendered the optical response tunable in the visible. The other strategy proposed here was placing an achiral plasmonic NP in chiral hotspot of the chiral plasmonic structures. The results from the numerical simulations suggest the interaction between a chiral and achiral NP at close proximity could be a way for enhancing the chiral response in the visible. This is to our knowledge, the first observation of a chiral-achiral metallic plasmonic interaction.
Three dimensional chiral structures such as metallic helices or NPs around DNA helix were found to exhibit strong CD effects in the visible. A major focus of this thesis work was the development of wafer-scale, three dimensional metal-decorated helical substrates with one of the largest reported optical responses in the visible. Additionally we investigated theoretically and experimentally the effect of plasmon coupling between the metal helices on the resultant CD and asymmetry factor. The effect of inter-particle separation was found to have a near-exponential dependence on the magnitude of the CD response. On the other hand, changing the refractive index of the dielectric template altered the chiral responses drastically.
Finally we investigated a novel geometry of chiral nanoshells consisting of a dielectric helical core with a conformal coating of a metallic shell. The spherical nanoshells have been extensively studied for its distinct plasmonic response and have been utilized for drug-delivery and optical sensing applications. Chiral nanoshells are fundamentally different because of the asymmetric nature of the nanoshell. Moreover the shell is made of alternate plasmonic material-Titanium Nitride which is optically similar to Gold but more robust and chemically stable in comparison. The resulting optical response of the chiral shell geometry was the broadest CD curve we observed until now, covering the whole of visible to near infra-red regime, implying this geometry to be a promising candidate for broadband circular polarizer applications.
All the studies carried out in this thesis, gives us an outlook on the possible design scheme and the underlying physics that could help us in engineering the chiral response based on the desired operating range of wavelength.
Books on the topic "Chiral Plasmonic Systems"
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Schäferling, Martin. Chiral Nanophotonics: Chiral Optical Properties of Plasmonic Systems. Springer, 2016.
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Schäferling, Martin. Chiral Nanophotonics: Chiral Optical Properties of Plasmonic Systems. Springer, 2018.
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Schäferling, Martin. Chiral Nanophotonics: Chiral Optical Properties of Plasmonic Systems. Springer London, Limited, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Chiral Plasmonic Systems"
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E. Bochenkov, Vladimir, and Tatyana I. Shabatina. "Chiral Hybrid Nanosystems and Their Biosensing Applications." In Smart Nanosystems for Biomedicine, Optoelectronics and Catalysis. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93661.
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The presented chapter is devoted to chiral biosensing using various metal nanostructures and their hybrid nanosystems with optically active bio- and organic molecules. Plasmonic nanosystems and nanostructures provide an excellent platform for label-free detection of molecular adsorption by detecting tiny changes in the local refractive index or amplification of light-induced processes in biomolecules. Based on recent theoretical and experimental developments in plasmon-enhanced local electric fields, we consider the main types of molecular-plasmonic hybrid systems capable of generating an amplified chiroptical signal for such applications as detecting the presence of certain biomolecules and (in some cases) determination of their orientation and higher-order structure.
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Basu, Prasanta Kumar, Bratati Mukhopadhyay, and Rikmantra Basu. "Optical metamaterials." In Semiconductor Nanophotonics, 481–514. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784692.003.0015.
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Abstract Metamaterials are artificially engineered materials, and they exhibit properties not found in naturally occurring materials. This chapter introduces first the left-handed materials with negative refractive index and microwave structures that first exhibited this peculiar property. After discussing some unusual properties of metamaterials, like realization of perfect lens, focus is given to negative refractive index with positive permeability and permittivity. In this regard, chiral metamaterials and infinite or hyperbolic metamaterials with their properties are discussed. Plasmonic metamaterials with low loss are then described. After introducing the subject in general, attention is given to semiconductor metamaterial structures, showing negative permittivity, and having quantum system anisotropy. The concept, structure, and properties of metasurfaces, and their application in THz systems are stated. Some applications like THz modulator, and a solid-state tunable beam steering device in automotive cars are finally discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Chiral Plasmonic Systems"
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Veroli, Andrea, Badrul Alam, Luca Maiolo, Francesco Todisco, Lorenzo Dominici, Milena De Giorgi, Giorgio Pettinari, Annamaria Gerardino, and Alessio Benedetti. "Planar chiral plasmonic 2D metamaterial: Design and fabrication." In 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5123576.
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Okamoto, Hiromi, Shun Hashiyada, Yoshio Nishiyama, and Tetsuya Narushima. "Imaging Chiral Plasmons." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.5a_a410_1.
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Chirality is a broad concept that characterizes structures of systems in almost all hierarchy of materials in natural sciences. Molecular chirality is sometimes essential in biological functions. Also in nanomaterials sciences, chirality plays a key role. It is of fundamental importance to investigate internal structures (geometrical distributions) of chiral optical responses in nanomaterials, to design chiral features of the materials and their functions. We developed near-field optical activity (typically circular dichroism, CD) imaging systems that allow us to visualize local structures of optical activity in nanomaterials, and observed near-field CD images of two-dimensional gold nanostructures fabricated with electron beam lithography lift-off technique. We found that the amplitudes of local CD signals were as large as 100 times the macroscopic CD signals of the same samples, for two-dimensional chiral gold nanostructures [1]. Even highly symmetric achiral structures that never give CD signals macroscopically gave locally very strong CD signals (a typical example for a rectangular nanostructure is shown in Figure 1) [2,3]. In this case, average of the signal over the nanostructure yielded roughly null CD intensity. While achiral nanostructures show in general local CD activities as mentioned above, circularly symmetric (two-dimensionally isotropic) nanostructures, such as circular disks, never give CD signals at any local positions. However, when the circular disk is illuminated with linearly polarized light, the circular symmetry is broken, and thus the system potentially yields locally chiral optical (i.e., circularly polarized) fields. To demonstrate that, we extended the near-field CD microscope, and enabled irradiation of well- defined linearly polarized near-field on the sample and detection of scattered-field ellipticity and polarization azimuth angle. We found for circular gold disks that the scattered field was actually elliptically polarized. The ellipticity and the azimuth angle of the scattered field depended on the incident polarization angle and relative position on the disk.
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Shan, Lingxiao, Fan Zhang, Juanjuan Ren, Qi Zhang, Qihuang Gong, and Ying Gu. "Enhancement of unidirectional transmission by chiral photon-emitter coupling in gap-plasmon-emitter systems." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2020.fm1e.2.
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Liu, Sha, Hongyan Zhang, Weimin Liu, and Pengfei Wang. "Ultrasensitive and selective detection of mercury (II) in serum based on the gold film sensor using a laser scanning confocal imaging-surface plasmon resonance system in real time." In Applied Optics and Photonics China (AOPC2015), edited by Sen Han, Jonathan D. Ellis, Junpeng Guo, and Yongcai Guo. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2197719.
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