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1

Partini, Juliasih, Kamsul Abraha, and Arief Hermanto. "Chirality Analysis on a Square Chiral Metamaterial." Materials Science Forum 901 (July 2017): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.901.65.

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We have analyzed the chirality of terahertz (THz) wave emission from a square chiral metamaterial. The sample was manufactured with a periodic structure formed by a square pattern of chiral with different depth on a silver film. We have yield the specific polarization rotation in the THz region when the THz wave is emitted from a square chiral metamaterial. The THz emissions from these chiral metamaterials were elliptic polarization. A square chiral metamaterial was shown circular dichroism and optical activity properties at different frequencies. The ellipticity and rotation angle will reach a maximum value at a frequency of 1.2 THz and 0.6 THz, respectively. The results were indicated the possibility to controlled the polarization with chiral metamaterial structures.
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2

Oromí-Farrús, Mireia, Mercè Torres, and Ramon Canela. "Acylation of Chiral Alcohols: A Simple Procedure for Chiral GC Analysis." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/452949.

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The use of iodine as a catalyst and either acetic or trifluoroacetic acid as a derivatizing reagent for determining the enantiomeric composition of acyclic and cyclic aliphatic chiral alcohols was investigated. Optimal conditions were selected according to the molar ratio of alcohol to acid, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature. Afterwards, chiral stability of chiral carbons was studied. Although no isomerization was observed when acetic acid was used, partial isomerization was detected with the trifluoroacetic acid. A series of chiral alcohols of a widely varying structural type were then derivatized with acetic acid using the optimal conditions. The resolution of the enantiomeric esters and the free chiral alcohols was measured using a capillary gas chromatograph equipped with a CP Chirasil-DEX CB column. The best resolutions were obtained with 2-pentyl acetates (α=3.00) and 2-hexyl acetates (α=1.95). This method provides a very simple and efficient experimental workup procedure for analyzing chiral alcohols by chiral-phase GC.
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3

ITABASHI, Yutaka. "Analysis of Chiral Glycerolipids by Chiral Phase HPLC." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 47, no. 10 (1998): 971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1996.47.971.

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4

Deng, Xiaoqiao, Zucun Zhang, Jiang Cao, Zhenkai Zhang, and Yubo Tian. "Electromagnetic scattering analysis of normal chiral, metamaterials chiral and chiral nihility materials." Electromagnetics 39, no. 4 (May 3, 2019): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2019.1595385.

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5

Ali, Imran, Mohd Suhail, and Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein. "Chiral analysis of macromolecules." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 41, no. 11 (July 3, 2018): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2018.1514509.

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6

Boesl, Ulrich, and Aras Kartouzian. "Mass-Selective Chiral Analysis." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 9, no. 1 (June 12, 2016): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041658.

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7

Sihvola, A. H., and I. V. Lindell. "Analysis on Chiral Mixtures." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 6, no. 5 (January 1, 1992): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939392x00841.

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8

Sihvola, A. H., and I. V. Lindell. "Analysis on Chiral Mixtures." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 6, no. 5-6 (January 1, 1992): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939392x01318.

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9

Cifuentes, Alejandro, and Salvatore Fanali. "21st century chiral analysis." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 127 (June 2020): 115911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2020.115911.

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10

Lee, Seon Hwa, Michelle V. Williams, and Ian A. Blair. "Targeted chiral lipidomics analysis." Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 77, no. 1-4 (September 2005): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2004.01.009.

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11

Watanabe, Hiroshi. "Mathematical construction of chiral anomaly." Journal of Functional Analysis 97, no. 2 (May 1991): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1236(91)90005-p.

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12

Al-Sulaimi, Sulaiman, Reveka Kushwah, Mohammed Abdullah Alsibani, Atef El Jery, Moutaz Aldrdery, and Ghulam Abbas Ashraf. "Emerging Developments in Separation Techniques and Analysis of Chiral Pharmaceuticals." Molecules 28, no. 17 (August 22, 2023): 6175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176175.

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Chiral separation, the process of isolating enantiomers from a racemic mixture, holds paramount importance in diverse scientific disciplines. Using chiral separation methods like chromatography and electrophoresis, enantiomers can be isolated and characterized. This study emphasizes the significance of chiral separation in drug development, quality control, environmental analysis, and chemical synthesis, facilitating improved therapeutic outcomes, regulatory compliance, and enhanced industrial processes. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has emerged as a powerful technique for the analysis of chiral drugs. This review also highlights the significance of CE in chiral drug analysis, emphasizing its high separation efficiency, rapid analysis times, and compatibility with other detection techniques. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become a vital technique for chiral drugs analysis. Through the utilization of a chiral stationary phase, HPLC separates enantiomers based on their differential interactions, allowing for the quantification of individual enantiomeric concentrations. This study also emphasizes the significance of HPLC in chiral drug analysis, highlighting its excellent resolution, sensitivity, and applicability. The resolution and enantiomeric analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) hold great importance due to their chiral nature and potential variations in pharmacological effects. Several studies have emphasized the significance of resolving and analyzing the enantiomers of NSAIDs. Enantiomeric analysis provides critical insights into the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potential interactions of NSAIDs, aiding in drug design, optimization, and personalized medicine for improved therapeutic outcomes and patient safety. Microfluidics systems have revolutionized chiral separation, offering miniaturization, precise fluid control, and high throughput. Integration of microscale channels and techniques provides a promising platform for on-chip chiral analysis in pharmaceuticals and analytical chemistry. Their applications in techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) offer improved resolution and faster analysis times, making them valuable tools for enantiomeric analysis in pharmaceutical, environmental, and biomedical research.
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13

Aboul‐Enein, Hassan Y., Nadia Bounoua, Mohamed Rebizi, and Hebatallah Wagdy. "Application of nanoparticles in chiral analysis and chiral separation." Chirality 33, no. 5 (March 2021): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.23303.

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14

Chen, LiZhu, DeQiu Zhu, and Ping Xiang. "Recent advances in chiral analysis for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology." Bioanalysis 13, no. 6 (March 2021): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2020-0330.

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This article covers current methods and applications in chiral analysis from 2010 to 2020 for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Sample preparation for aqueous and solid biological samples prior to instrumental analysis were discussed in the article. GC, HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and sub/supercritical fluid chromatography provide the efficient tools for chiral drug analysis coupled to fluorescence, UV and MS detectors. The application of chiral analysis is discussed in the article, which involves differentiation between clinical use and drug abuse, pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacology/toxicology evaluations and chiral inversion. Typical chiral analytes, including amphetamines and their analogs, anesthetics, psychotropic drugs, β-blockers and some other chiral compounds, are also reviewed.
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15

Klika, Karel D. "Chiral Solid Solutions for the NMR Analysis of Enantiomers: A Potential New Approach to Chiral Analysis." Journal of Spectroscopy 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/970654.

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Differences between the solid-state13C CP-MAS NMR spectra of holemic samples of the two enantiomers of 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (binol) were not sufficiently emphatic to reliably distinguish them, though they are readily distinguishable from the spectrum of the bimate of the compound crystallized from an equimatic sample. Inducing an additional chiral environment by cocondensation with sucrose as a chiral selector (CS) provided a method to yield differential spectra for the two enantiomers and thus effect enantiodifferentiation by way of solid-state NMR using weak interactions from a CS.
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16

Hendrickx, Ans, Debby Mangelings, and Yvan Vander Heyden. "Capillary Methods for Drug Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 667–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.3.667.

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Abstract This review gives an overview of the applicability of capillary electrophoresis, capillary liquid chromatography, capillary electrochromatography, and their derived techniques to analyze drug impurity mixtures, formulations, biological samples, and chiral compounds. For each application type, a few examples are given to illustrate the potential of the capillary technique. Details are provided about the capillaries used, chiral selectors, and stationary and mobile phases.
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17

Chmielewska, Aleksandra, and Tomasz Bączek. "Comparative Analysis of Chiral Drugs in View of Chemometrics." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 624–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sge_chmielewska.

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Abstract With the development of methods for obtaining chiral compounds as potential drugs, there is also need to develop analytical methods for the separation of both enantiomers. Keeping in mind that the physical and chemical properties of both enantiomers are identical, their different nature will only be revealed in a chiral environment that is appropriately designed. Physicochemical systems can be used to predict the differences in biological activity of both enantiomers. The complexity of the problem requires the use of additional tools, which are various chemometric methods. This paper reviews the application of chemometry in the analysis of chiral drugs and discusses the effects of a combination of chromatographic, electrophoretic, and spectroscopic analysis (UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and near-IR spectroscopy aided by cyclodextrin inclusion complexes) with chemometrics for improving the methods of enantioseparation (experimental design), explaining the mechanisms of behavior and chiral recognition (quantitative structure-enantioselective retention relationships) and indicating chiral purity (enantiomeric excess).
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18

Desiderio, Claudia, and Salvatore Fanali. "Chiral analysis by capillary electrophoresis using antibiotics as chiral selector." Journal of Chromatography A 807, no. 1 (May 1998): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00061-2.

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19

Shamsi, Shahab A., and Ferdoushi Akter. "Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry: Developments and Applications for Enantioselective Analysis from 2011–2020." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134126.

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It is now more than 25 years since the first report of enantioselective analysis by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) appeared. This article reviews the power of chiral CE-MS in resolving issues on the use of chiral selector incompatibility with MS and poor detectability encountered for chiral compounds by UV detection. The review begins with the general principles, requirements, and critical aspects of chiral CE-MS instrumentation. Next, the review provides a survey of MS-compatible chiral selectors (CSs) reported during the past decade, and the key achievements encountered in the time period using these CSs. Within the context of the strategies used to combine CE and MS, special attention is paid to the approaches that feature partial filling technique, counter-migration techniques, and direct use of CS, such as molecular micelles. In particular, the development and application of moving and fixed CS for EKC-MS, MEKC-MS, and CEC-MS demonstrate how various chiral compounds analyses were solved in a simple and elegant way during the 2010–2020 review period. The most noteworthy applications in the determination of chiral compounds are critically examined. The operating analytical conditions are detailed in the Tables, and the authors provide commentary on future trends of chiral separations by CE-MS.
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20

Rocco, Anna, Zeineb Aturki, and Salvatore Fanali. "Chiral separations in food analysis." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 52 (December 2013): 206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.022.

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21

D'Orazio, Giovanni, Chiara Fanali, María Asensio-Ramos, and Salvatore Fanali. "Chiral separations in food analysis." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 96 (November 2017): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.013.

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22

Alvarez-Rivera, Gerardo, Mónica Bueno, Diego Ballesteros-Vivas, and Alejandro Cifuentes. "Chiral analysis in food science." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 123 (February 2020): 115761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.115761.

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23

Smyth, W. F. "Capillary Electrophoresis in Chiral Analysis." Analytica Chimica Acta 419, no. 1 (August 2000): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01089-8.

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24

Zubritsky, Elizabeth. "Science: Chiral analysis on microchips." Analytical Chemistry 71, no. 19 (October 1999): 662A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac990715o.

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25

Trojanowicz, Marek, and Marzena Kaniewska. "Flow methods in chiral analysis." Analytica Chimica Acta 801 (November 2013): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.025.

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26

Bester, K. "Chiral analysis for environmental applications." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 376, no. 3 (April 3, 2003): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-1859-4.

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27

Shi, Yingying, Mengying Du, Juan Ren, Kailing Zhang, Yicheng Xu, and Xianglei Kong. "Application of Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) Spectroscopy in Chiral Analysis." Molecules 25, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215152.

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In recent years, methods based on photodissociation in the gas phase have become powerful means in the field of chiral analysis. Among them, infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy is a very attractive one, since it can provide valuable spectral and structural information of chiral complexes in addition to chiral discrimination. Experimentally, the method can be fulfilled by the isolation of target diastereomeric ions in an ion trap followed by the irradiation of a tunable IR laser. Chiral analysis is performed by comparing the difference existing in the spectra of enantiomers. Combined with theoretical calculations, their structures can be further understood on the molecular scale. By now, lots of chiral molecules, including amino acids and peptides, have been studied with the method combined with theoretical calculations. This review summarizes the relative experimental results obtained, and discusses the limitation and prospects of the method.
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28

Lin, Zhan-Hong, Jiwei Zhang, and Jer-Shing Huang. "Plasmonic elliptical nanoholes for chiroptical analysis and enantioselective optical trapping." Nanoscale 13, no. 20 (2021): 9185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr09080h.

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29

Zhuravlev, Viktor, and Sergey Chervon. "Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of a Two-Component Chiral Cosmological Model." Universe 6, no. 11 (October 24, 2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6110195.

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We present a qualitative analysis of chiral cosmological model (CCM) dynamics with two scalar fields in the spatially flat Friedman–Robertson–Walker Universe. The asymptotic behavior of chiral models is investigated based on the characteristics of the critical points of the selfinteraction potential and zeros of the metric components of the chiral space. The classification of critical points of CCMs is proposed. The role of zeros of the metric components of the chiral space in the asymptotic dynamics is analysed. It is shown that such zeros lead to new critical points of the corresponding dynamical systems. Examples of models with different types of zeros of metric components are represented.
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30

Wu, Lianming, and R. Graham Cooks. "Chiral and Isomeric Analysis by Electrospray Ionization and Sonic Spray Ionization Using the Fixed-Ligand Kinetic Method." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 11, no. 2 (April 2005): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.749.

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The fixed-ligand version of the kinetic method has been used for chiral and for isomeric analysis by studying the dissociation kinetics of transition metal-bound trimeric cluster ions ([(MII + Lfixed – H)(ref*)(An)]+, where MII is a transition metal, Lfixed is a fixed (non-dissociating) ligand, ref* is a reference ligand and An is the analyte. The trimeric cluster ions are readily generated by electrospray ionization (ESI) or sonic spray ionization (SSI). The size of the fixed ligand, L-Phe–Gly–L-Phe–Gly, is chosen based on previous results but with the inclusion of aromatic functionality to increase chiral recognition. Improved chiral/isomeric differentiation results from enhanced chiral/isomeric interactions (metal–ligand and ligand–ligand) due to the fixed ligand. As shown in the cases of chiral dipeptides (D-Ala–D-Ala/L-Ala–L-Ala), sugars (D/L-glucose, D/L-mannose) and isomeric tetrapeptides (L-Ala–Gly–Gly–Gly/Gly–Gly–Gly–L-Ala), improved chiral/isomeric discrimination by factors from three to six were obtained by the fixed ligand procedure. Chiral recognition is independent of the concentrations of the analyte, the reference ligand, the fixed ligand and the transition metal salt, a great advantage for practical applications. In addition to increased chiral distinction, the simplified dissociation kinetics also contribute to improved accuracy in chiral quantification, in comparison with data obtained by investigating the dissociation kinetics of simple trimeric cluster ions [MII(ref*)2(An) – H]+. Accurate determination of enantiomeric excess ( ee) is demonstrated by enantiomeric quantification of D-Ala–D-Ala/L-Ala–L-Ala down to 2% ee. Both ESI and SSI allow chiral quantification with similar accuracies. The performance of chiral analysis experiments is not limited to ion trapping devices such as quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers; a hybrid quadrupole-time of flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometer is shown to provide an alternative choice. The fixed-ligand kinetic method is not restricted to any particular kinds of isomers and, hence, represents a general procedure for improving molecular recognition and chiral analysis in the gas phase.
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31

Ault, Addison. ""Chiral Acetate": The Preparation, Analysis, and Applications of Chiral Acetic Acid." Journal of Chemical Education 80, no. 3 (March 2003): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed080p333.

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32

Kalíková, Květa, Denisa Folprechtová, and Zuzana Kadlecová. "Sub/supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Chiral Compounds Analysis." Chemické listy 116, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220146.

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Chirality is an essential feature of nature as it is common for many biologically active compounds. The different biological effects of individual enantiomers in a chiral environment are generally known. Therefore, there is a need for fast, efficient, and robust methods for their separation, quantification, and purification, too. The easiest way is to use chromatographic methods utilizing chiral stationary phases. Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography has become popular in the field of enantioselective separations in various scopes and, in some cases, has become a method of the first choice. Therefore, this review article covers actual trends and possibilities of sub/supercritical fluid chromatography in enantioseparations. Ways to influence enantioselectivity of the separation system by column coupling, screening approaches, and processes of methodical development for fast and efficient analyses are discussed. Sub/supercritical fluid chromatography under suitable experimental conditions provides fast and highly efficient separation of chiral compounds.
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33

Sonstrom, Reilly E., Donald M. Cannon, and Justin L. Neill. "Chiral Analysis of Linalool, an Important Natural Fragrance and Flavor Compound, by Molecular Rotational Resonance Spectroscopy." Symmetry 14, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14050917.

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The chiral analysis of terpenes in complex mixtures of essential oils, necessary for authentication, has been further developed using chiral tagging molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy. One analyte that is of particular interest is linalool (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol), a common natural chiral terpene found in botanicals with its enantiomers having unique flavor, fragrance, and aromatherapy characteristics. In this MRR demonstration, resolution of the enantiomers is achieved through the addition of a chiral tag, which creates non-covalent diastereomeric complexes with distinct spectral signatures. The relative stereochemistry of the complexes is identified by the comparison of calculated spectroscopic parameters with experimentally determined parameters of the chiral complexes with high accuracy. The diastereomeric complex intensities are analyzed to determine the absolute configuration (AC) and enantiomeric excess (EE) in each sample. Here, we demonstrate the use of chiral tagging MRR spectroscopy to perform a quantitative routine enantiomer analysis of linalool in complex essential oil mixtures, without the need for reference samples or chromatographic separation.
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34

Zhang, Feng-Yu, Sicheng Liu, Anwei Huang, Yi-Ning Li, Xiao-Yan Liu, and Peng Zhang. "A Theoretical Analysis of the Differential Chemical Reaction Results Caused by Chirality Induction." Molecules 28, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 6286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176286.

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The theory of electron spin has been proposed for a century, but the study of quantum effects in biological molecules is still in its infancy. Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) is a very modern theory that can explain many biochemical phenomena. In this paper, we propose a new theoretical model based on CISS theory and quantum chemistry theory, which can well explain the theoretical explanation of the chiral selectivity of chiral proteins. Moreover, this theory can predict the spin state of corresponding chiral molecules. Taking the L-DOPA and AADC enzymes as examples, this theoretical model elucidates the AADC enzyme’s chiral catalysis selectivity and successfully predicts the spin state of L-DOPA and D-DOPA’s valence electrons.
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35

Stratis, Ioannis G., and Athanasios N. Yannacopoulos. "Electromagnetic fields in linear and nonlinear chiral media: a time-domain analysis." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2004, no. 6 (2004): 471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1085337504306287.

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We present several recent and novel results on the formulation and the analysis of the equations governing the evolution of electromagnetic fields in chiral media in the time domain. In particular, we present results concerning the well-posedness and the solvability of the problem for linear, time-dependent, and nonlocal media, andresults concerning the validity of the local approximation of the nonlocal medium (optical response approximation). The paper concludes with the study of a class of nonlinear chiral media exhibiting Kerr-like nonlinearities, for which the existence of bright and dark solitary waves is shown.
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36

Cauteruccio, Silvia, Valentina Pelliccioli, Sara Grecchi, Roberto Cirilli, Emanuela Licandro, and Serena Arnaboldi. "Bipolar Electrochemical Analysis of Chirality in Complex Media through Miniaturized Stereoselective Light-Emitting Systems." Chemosensors 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020131.

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Environmentally relevant contaminants endowed with chirality may include pharmaceutical compounds, flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl chemicals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Despite having similar physicochemical properties, enantiomers may differ in their biochemical interactions with enzymes, receptors, and other chiral molecules leading to different biological responses. In this work, we have designed a wireless miniaturized stereoselective light-emitting system able to qualitatively detect a chiral contaminant (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, DOPA) dissolved in reduced volumes (in the microliters range), through bipolar electrochemistry. The diastereomeric environment was created by mixing the enantiomers of an inherently chiral inductor endowed with helical shape (7,8-dipropyltetrathia[7]helicene) and the chiral probe (DOPA) in micro-solutions of a commercial ionic liquid. The synergy between the inductor, the applied electric field, and the chiral pollutant was transduced by the light emission produced from a miniaturized light-emitting diode (LED) exploited in such an approach as a bipolar electrode.
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37

Seo, Min-Seob, Sumin Jang, and Hyunwoo Kim. "A chiral aluminum solvating agent (CASA) for 1H NMR chiral analysis of alcohols at low temperature." Chemical Communications 54, no. 50 (2018): 6804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc00574e.

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38

Grothe, E., H. Meekes, and R. de Gelder. "Searching for stereoisomerism in crystallographic databases: algorithm, analysis and chiral curiosities." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 73, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520617001962.

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The automated identification of chiral centres in molecular residues is a non-trivial task. Current tools that allow the user to analyze crystallographic data entries do not identify chiral centres in some of the more complex ring structures, or lack the possibility to determine and compare the chirality of multiple structures. This article presents an approach to identify asymmetric C atoms, which is based on the atomic walk count algorithm presented by Rücker & Rücker [(1993),J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci.33, 683–695]. The algorithm, which we implemented in a computer program namedChiChi, is able to compare isomeric residues based on the chiral centres that were identified. This allows for discrimination between enantiomers, diastereomers and constitutional isomers that are present in crystallographic databases.ChiChiwas used to process 254 354 organic entries from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). A thorough analysis of stereoisomerism in the CSD is presented accompanied by a collection of chiral curiosities that illustrate the strength and versatility of this approach.
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39

Gustafson, S., and Li Wang. "Co-rotational chiral magnetic skyrmions near harmonic maps." Journal of Functional Analysis 280, no. 4 (February 2021): 108867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2020.108867.

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40

Patti, Angela. "Chiral Molecules: Properties, Synthesis and Analysis." Symmetry 14, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030579.

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Chirality is a fundamental dimension of molecular structures and plays a central role in living processes, in the transfer of biological intra- and inter-species information, and in the activity and properties of exogenous compounds as drugs, agrochemicals, flavors and food additives [...]
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41

Blaschke, D., A. Höll, C. D. Roberts, and S. Schmidt. "Analysis of chiral and thermal susceptibilities." Physical Review C 58, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 1758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.58.1758.

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42

Yueh, S. H., and J. A. Kong. "Analysis of Diffraction from Chiral Gratings." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 5, no. 7 (January 1, 1991): 701–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939391x00617.

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43

Hao, Changlong, Hua Kuang, Liguang Xu, Liqiang Liu, Wei Ma, Libing Wang, and Chuanlai Xu. "Chiral supernanostructures for ultrasensitive endonuclease analysis." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1, no. 41 (2013): 5539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20985g.

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Shubert, V. Alvin, David Schmitz, Cristóbal Pérez, Chris Medcraft, Anna Krin, Sérgio R. Domingos, David Patterson, and Melanie Schnell. "Chiral Analysis Using Broadband Rotational Spectroscopy." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 7, no. 2 (January 8, 2016): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02443.

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Kawamura, Hikaru. "Renormalization-group analysis of chiral transitions." Physical Review B 38, no. 7 (September 1, 1988): 4916–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.38.4916.

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D'Orazio, G. "Chiral analysis by nano-liquid chromatography." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 125 (April 2020): 115832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2020.115832.

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Elbashir, Abdalla Ahmed, and Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein. "Multidimensional Gas Chromatography for Chiral Analysis." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 48, no. 5 (March 21, 2018): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2018.1444465.

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Tao, W. Andy, and R. Graham Cooks. "Peer Reviewed: Chiral analysis by MS." Analytical Chemistry 75, no. 1 (January 2003): 25 A—31 A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0312110.

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Goodall, David M. "Chiral analysis based on polarimetric detection." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 12, no. 4 (April 1993): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(93)87020-x.

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Aoki, Sinya. "Perturbative analysis of anomalous chiral QED." Physical Review D 42, no. 8 (October 15, 1990): 2806–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.42.2806.

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