Academic literature on the topic 'Chip-tray'

A rotary spin-coating technology project is provided by the utility model patent in this work. It includes vacuum pump and chassis, speed display, power switch, suction piece switch, start switch and the speed control switch on the chassis panel, motor and speed controller in the chassis connected to the outside of the chassis bracket, the bracket beams fixed hanging umbrella cover, the ring hood under the umbrella cover on top of the face, the piece prop and tachometer probe in the ring hood, the chip tray fixed extended chassis top surface motor shaft, there is a solution injection tube on the top of the sheet tray in project; it has an annular heater chip at the bottom of the tray within the annular cover sheet around the motor shaft; In addition, there is an ultrasonic humidification pump, the pump output of the ultrasonic humidification communicating through the humidifying tubes with the annular cover. In above mentioned the annular cover connected to the exhaust pipe and the annular cover interior chamber. A temperature sensor is at the inside of the annular cover, and a temperature display panel on the panel of the chassis.

The principle conceptual design of the automatic tray filling machine of Li/MnO2 button cell battery and its control system are analyzed in the work. According to the the needs of production process putting the cell battery into the plate, it makes structure design and modeling simulation, completes electrical system design and program control design, relys on the Single chip microcomputer (MCU) system to achieve the human-computer interaction. In addition, this work verifies the feasibility and safety through the ANSYS modal analysis. After running the test more than a year, the product can well meet the production requirements.

As automotive semiconductor market has expanded, the importance of measurement of temperature-dependent warpage (thermal warpage) has been increasing. For automobiles, high reliability is necessarily demanded because their failures are directly linked to people's life. Therefore automotive industry had established AEC qualification standards for automotive devices. The standard demands environmental tests that include not only high temperature test but also negative temperature test reaching -55 ℃. In view of this situation, we have developed a thermal warpage measurement system that has the ability to change sample temperature from -60 to 260 ℃ which can meet the demands of the standard. The following are some features of the system. <(1)Warpage measurement ability>Measurement is performed by confocal method which is well known as accurate optical metrology. Generally speaking, confocal method is time consuming method for measurement. But our technique we call non-scanning confocal method overcomes such a drawback maintaining advantages of confocal method and the non-scanning confocal method has already been used widely for in-line coplanarity inspection of flip-chip bumps. Conventional warpage measurement technique like Moire method needs sample preparation like de-ball and painting. But the non-scanning confocal method doesn”™t need any sample preparation. The method can measure not only substrate warpage accurately without de-ball but even ball height/coplanarity. Moreover the system can deal with even several tens of micron diameter bumps, because it has 8.0um pixel resolution regardless of sample size. Unlike conventional warpage measurement system, the field of view (FOV) size of 13x13mm is constant and bigger samples than the FOV can be measured by stitching FOVs using a XY translation stage up to 136x323mm (JEDEC tray size).<(2)Heating and cooling ability>The system has a big size chamber for heating and cooling so that a whole JEDEC tray can be measured. In order to heat all samples in the big chamber uniformly, convection heating is used as heating method. Convection heating has many advantages compared to radiation heating that is normally used by conventional systems. The advantages are as follows.

Background: Forages of high quality are the most valuable commodity of any livestock activity and they serve as the basis for most of the rations in a forage-based diet. The lack of good quality seedlings/seeds, notably improved varieties, is the primary reason for the slow adoption of improved forage production technologies. Traditional establishment of bajra napier forage incurs more labour costs, harvesting sett material, transporting, preparing two budded setts and carrying to the planting area. Nearly three to four tons of green leaves stem materials are wasted for planting one hectare of area. In this situation, an alternate method is required to produce high-quality seedlings in a short period. This research objective compared single node bud chip seedling in different protray cell cavities and pot mixtures. Methods: The green shade net field study was carried out between 2019 and 2020, the effect of different pro-tray sizes (50, 60 and 98 cell cavities) and potting mixture (red earth, cocopeat, farmyard manure, vermicompost and root growth promoters like phosphobacteria bio-fertilizer and indole acetic acid (IAA) was taken in different combination for the establishment of Bajra Napier hybrid variety Co (BN)-5 seedling by using single node bud chip technology. The observation was taken up to 30 days in related to seedling growth and development. The observed parameter was statistically analysed in SPSS software. Result: Among the three different protray cavities and five different pot mixtures, 60 cavity protray with red earth + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) results revealed significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in seedling growth parameters among the different protray and growing media. The maximum seedling growth parameters like germination, numbers of the leaf, plant height, leaf length, width and root length (94.4 per cent, 8.17, 39.12 cm, 38.14 cm, 2.5 cm and 30.8 cm) were observed at 30 days aged seedlings followed by red earth + cocopeat + farmyard manure (2:1:1 ratio) and treated with IAA substance in 60 cavity protray.

A full appreciation of the extent and significance of acid sulfate soils (ASS) in Australia's inland environments has only recently been realised, in contrast to ASS in Australia’s modern-day coastal zones, which have been well studied over the last four decades. Investigations into the inland ASS systems of the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia's largest river system, did not occur with any intensity prior to 2006. A number of key knowledge gaps exist concerning the occurrence, properties and behaviour of inland ASS systems in the MDB. These knowledge gaps, combined with the ecological and economic significance of the MDB, and the potential for environmental and infrastructure degradation through ASS acidification, provided the incentive for this research project. The main objective was to advance the understanding of inland ASS in the MDB. This was achieved by answering two key research questions: What is the prevalence and distribution of ASS with hypersulfidic and sulfuric materials in the floodplain wetlands of the MDB? What are the dominant geochemical pathways taken following freshwater reflooding of inland ASS containing sulfuric materials and the timescales of impact? The first research question was answered through a regional assessment of ASS in the MDB and represents the most extensive estimate of the basin-wide occurrence of inland ASS in the floodplain wetlands of the MDB thus far. As part of a government funded initiative, regional environmental officers collected approximately 7200 wetland soil samples, which were then submitted for soil incubation tests. The large number of samples requiring analysis, and the need for the rapid and robust classification of hypersulfidic materials led to the development of a simplified incubation method (see Chapter 2). This method was found to offer significant improvements over existing incubation methods. Firstly, the use of chip-trays as incubation vessels was found to offer many advantages in terms of transport, storage and analysis of soil samples compared with soil-slabs. Secondly, the conditional extension of the incubation period resulted in the accurate classification of slowly acidifying hypersulfidic materials whist maintaining a minimal test length. Following its development, the simplified incubation method was used to assess the acidification potential of ca. 2500 profiles in over 1000 wetlands located throughout the MDB (see Chapter 3). The results of pH measurements made before and following soil incubation were used to estimate the prevalence and distribution of sulfuric and hypersulfidic ASS materials across the MDB. A total of 238 floodplain wetlands, representing 23% of the total wetlands assessed, were found to contain soils that severely acidified (pH < 4) when oxidised. The number of these soils, the majority of which are likely to be hypersulfidic ASS materials, indicates that inland ASS are prevalent in the floodplain wetlands of the MDB. As a result, the potential existence of inland ASS should be a key consideration for wetland management plans in any floodplain wetland located in the MDB. The distribution of ASS materials in the MDB was investigated by dividing it into 13 geographical regions, whose boundaries roughly followed hydrological catchment boundaries. The distribution of acidification hazard was non-uniform throughout the MDB. The geographical regions with the greatest acidification hazard were in the southern MDB, downstream of the Murray-Darling confluence, and in catchments on the southern side of the Murray River channel in Victoria. The non-uniform distribution of ASS throughout the MDB has implications for the successful management of inland ASS in the MDB, whereby regions presenting the greatest acidification should receive much greater attention. Overall, the development of the simplified incubation method and the extensive broad-scale assessment of ASS in the MDB provided policy makers with a valuable screening tool, helping them to identify priority wetlands and regions that required more detailed IASS investigations. The second research question was answered through two focused field studies, which applied in situ sampling and monitoring techniques to investigate the geochemical behaviour of severely acidified inland ASS materials following reflooding by freshwater. The reflooding of severely acidified inland ASS by freshwater has been suggested as a viable remediation method. However, this hypothesis is based on observations made in coastal ASS systems following reflooding by sea water and had not yet been extensively documented in freshwater systems at the commencement of this research project. In the first study, equilibrium dialysis membrane samplers were used to investigate in situ changes to soil acidity and abundance of metals and metalloids following the first 24 months of restored subaqueous conditions (see Chapter 4) In the second study, mesocosms were installed in situ to simulate reflooding and the key geochemical pathways were documented through continuous in situ redox monitoring and the use of in situ soil solution samplers (see Chapter 5). In both studies, the strongly buffered low pH conditions of the oxidised sulfuric materials and the limited supply of external alkalinity in freshwater systems meant that soil acidity persisted for more than 24 months following reflooding. The persisting low pH conditions, along with insufficiently reducing redox conditions, and competitive exclusion by iron(III)-reducing bacteria were suspected to inhibit sulfate reduction. Following the eventual removal of the above limitations it is hypothesised that the lack of readily available soil organic carbon will further inhibit sulfate reduction. Under continued absence of net in situ alkalinity production, via the formation of reduced inorganic iron and sulfur species, observed trajectories indicate that neutralisation of soil acidity may take several years. Small increases in soil pH confined to within 10 cm of the soil-water interface were observed after 24 months of subaqueous conditions. Substantial decreases in the concentrations of some metals and metalloids were observed to coincide with the small increases in soil pH, most likely owing to lower solubility and sorption as a consequence of the increase in pH. In the acidic porewaters, aluminium activity was consistent with a control by a solid phase aluminium species with stoichiometry Al:OH:SO4 (e.g. jurbanite). In the same acidic porewaters, iron and sulfate activity were regulated by the dissolution of natrojarosite. Following the establishment of reducing conditions, the reductive dissolution of accumulated natrojarosite and schwertmannite phases was responsible for large increases in total dissolved iron. The differing physical properties and chemical characteristics, such as stored acidity and contaminant concentrations, of dominantly clayey soils and dominantly sandy soils, led to contrasting impacts on the transport of solutes following reflooding (diffusive versus advective flow, respectively) and timescales of recovery. A number of key geochemical processes influencing the porewater concentrations of acidity, iron, aluminium, and metals and metalloids following reflooding by freshwater were observed in these severely acidified inland ASS systems. These physical and geochemical processes were summarised in two conceptual hydrogeochemical process models, which were used to distil complex information and convey it in a format readily understandable to a non-ASS specialist audience.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, 2015.

The density of packaging in electronic enclosures is increasing rapidly and the real estate available for packaging high power ASICs and processors is decreasing very rapidly as well. This work presents a study where packages are mounted below the board and the ASICs are cooled using the sheet metal tray as the heat spreader. The heat is transferred from the processor or the chip to the sheet metal tray through metallic blocks or heat spreaders by conduction and then the sheet metal tray is cooled convectively by airflow between two successive boards. There are various issues to be encountered when we do such a design for reverse mount packages like the maximum stress exerted on the ASIC, the kind of interface material that should be used to minimize the stress induced on the ASIC and also keeping in mind the thermal impedance of the interface material. The study presents simulation and experimental results that illustrate the concept of using the sheet metal tray as a heat spreader and also discuss potential applications of this concept. Considerations and precautions to be taken while executing this concept are also addressed.

Abstract Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCCs) are produced in large numbers for use in automobiles, cell phones, flat panel displays, and other products. Like many circuit components, they are being required in more compact sizes, larger capacities, and reduced costs year by year. MLCCs are kiln-fired on stacked carriers made from Al2O3-SiO2 covered with a Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 topcoat and an Al2O3 basecoat. This paper presents the rationale behind the selection of the coating materials and evaluates processes by which they can be applied. It compares the microstructure and properties of sintered, atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS), and water stabilized plasma sprayed (WSP) yttria-stabilized zirconia and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each process.