Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chinois (langue) – Définis (linguistique)'
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Chen, Hanzhu. "Défini/indéfini : syntaxe et pragmatique en chinois mandarin et en français (étude de corpus)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL070.
Full textOur thesis focuses on studying the syntax of constructions that contribute to the identification of referents in languages with and without articles, such as Chinese and French. It falls within the framework of Saussurean structuralism, functional typology, and cognitive linguistics. Unlike languages with articles like French, Mandarin Chinese does not possess morphologically marked articles (though it has other determiners). However, it should be noted that definiteness is present in all languages worldwide, including articleless languages like Chinese, but in different ways. To better explain the relationship between syntactic function and definiteness of SN in Chinese, we first clarified several pairs of semantic concepts. Then, by gathering massive corpora, such as interviews, dialogues, and speeches, etc., we thoroughly examined BA sentences and sentences with indefinite subjects. We found that in Chinese, the structure of the noun phrase is not the sole factor that determines the distinction between definite and indefinite reference. The syntax of the entire sentence, as well as the broader context, plays an important role in an articleless language like Chinese. The objective of this research is twofold: it involves reflecting on the relationship between sentence syntax and the expression of definiteness in Chinese and adopting a more applied approach to help Chinese students better grasp the use of articles in French
Feng, Jian. "Référence définie en chinois contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0026.
Full textChinese definite reference bas particular performances in non-referential nominal structures and referential• non-nominal structures. Besides, the Chinese definite reference does not possess a system of grammaticalised marks. Despite of their syntactical instability, Chine se nominal structures are typical referential carriers. The realisation of the definite reference is due to the clarification of the referential realm based on the semantic configuration. The trimming of the semantic image is the primary mechanism of the definite reference. Through the selective use of lexical structures and the application of modifiers, the speaker realises the definite reference. In Chinese, definiteness-marks carry semantic information. Their main function is to increase definiteness instead of marking it. The definite reference is a process from referential uncertainty to certainty. The hypothesis of the threshold is used to reveal this transition. The production of definite reference requires information resources of different natures. The hypothesis of the communicative sense-environment is employed as a unified plat-form carrying these resources. To decipher the phenomena of the Chinese definite reference, it is necessary 10 examine• the Chinese language system as a whole. The first four chapters represent an analytical study while chapters five and six are oriented toward a synthetical study
Vlachou, Evangelia. "Free Choice in and out of Context : Semantics and Distribution of French, Greek and English free choice items." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040084.
Full textIt has often been argued that Free Choice Items (FCIs) are Polarity Items. Consequently, we have analyzed FCI distribution in terms of the conditions of licensing and anti-licensing. Based on French, Greek and English data, I defend the hypothesis that this approach is not correct. FCIs have a very strong lexical semantics. They express widening, indiscriminacy, indifference, ignorance, indistinguishability and low-level. Since all the readings of FCIs can be pragmatically blocked in all contexts, I propose that the distribution of FCIs is entirely free with the exception of certain cases in which we have semantic blocking
Ahlstrom, Erkki. "Entre l'unicité et l'identification : étude comparative de la définitude en finnois et en français." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30023.
Full textThere are two types of theories of definiteness. Some use notions like identification, familiarity and reference. In another tradition, explanations are based on uniqueness. Definite descriptions can express singular proposition, but they can also be used without reference to a particular individual. In this latter use they are purely quantificational. In both these uses, the domain of interpretation is limited. The quantificational and modal profile of definite DPs is the similar to that of other quantificational DPSs. Definiteness in Finnish has two dimensions. There is the hypothesis that the demonstrative ‘se’ is on its way to become a definite article. Our results prove that in spoken language ’se’ is common, it is almost systematically used in certain non referring uses of demonstratives, but also in uses where article languages use a definite article, and ’se’ is subject to a definiteness condition. These uses are limited to informal spoken language. Word order and the choice of grammatical case are often considered to be indirect means to express definiteness in Finnish. However, these phenomena have no direct link to definiteness. We can find indirect implications of uniqueness in some of these cases in Finnish, but they pragmatic readings
Toussaint, Daria. "Le classificateur chinois à l'oral." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H023.
Full textCartier, Alice. "Problemes de linguistique contrastive indonesien chinois. Transitivite et passivation." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070064.
Full textThis is a contrastive study of two independant languages focusing on their differences but mostly on their common properties. The aim is to discover the underlying properties of transitivity and passivization through an investigation of the morphology and the syntax of these two languages. Passive is viewed as the implication of transitivity. Transitivity is taken in the sense of hopper & thompson (language 1980 : 251-99), i. E. As involving a number of parameters concerned with the effectiveness of the event. According to both authors transitivity operates not only at the sentence level but also at the discourse level. In as much as we are solely dealing with the sentence level, only parameters relevant to this level are taken into consideration. Secondly, both authors did not investigate how the parameters are applied to different languages. Thus the introduction of the concept of transitive structures, in which the presence absence of a parameter x triggers the presence absence of a parameter y is intended as a
Pan, Junnan. "Interrogation et quantification : le rôle et la fonction des particules et des syntagmes interrogatifs en chinois mandarin." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3013.
Full textQiu, Haiying. "La négation en chinois et en français : étude comparative." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040001.
Full textThis comparative study is an attempts to bring a logico-semantic approch to bear on the way the negative is expressed in chinese and in french. The choice of the appropriate negative form depends on the respective priorities resulting from the specific features of each system. Thus modern chinese is characterized by an interweaving of the negative and the aspectual systems, whereas in french time-aspect and the negative are intirely separate concerns. French, on the other hand, is characterized by a rich morphology and the various negative morphemes can be classified according to the different levels of the sentence to which they roughly correspond, inversely, some of them can function at different levels of the sentence. The comparison reveals both different attention that each language gives to certains problems and similar aspects that might be of use when thinking of the negative as a universal
Zhang, Xiaoqian. "Expressions duratives en chinois mandarin : Une étude sur l'aspect." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01589803.
Full textWang, Tsan-Hsiong. "Syntaxe des phrases interrogatives en chinois." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0064.
Full textLi, Jun. "Réalisations prosodiques de la focalisation large en mandarin : profils temporels et configurations tonales." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070052.
Full textThis study discusses the prosodic problem of the broad focus in Chinese declarative nominal syntagmes and phrases. Based on the data, I show that the prosodic representation of the board focus relates to the semantic and syntactic representation of the sentence and to the individual expressive intention and purpose. Moreover, I investigate that there is some interactions between the expressive factors, the tonal effects and the broad focus prosodic representation (the accent-to-focus assignment and the intonational pattern). These results demonstrate that the prosody plays the distinctive role in the broad focus interpretation on the production and perception: on the production the prosody is considered as a factor which could be affected and changed by other aspects such as syntactic structure, semantic representation and pragmatic effect; and on the perception the prosody considered as an independent factor according to which the interlocutor captures the meaning of information transmitted
Qi, Chong. "Néologie et terminologie : analyse et classification des emprunts lexicaux en chinois." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA020.
Full textLu, Peng. "La subordination adverbiale en chinois contemporain." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070079.
Full textThis research brings to light the mechanisms of adverbial subordination, as illustrated in contemporary Chinese. It presents firstly a global view of the syntactic structure in the complex sentence with adverbial clauses in Chinese. It is shown that the complex sentence is constructed in the same way as the simple sentence. The adverbial clause behaves exactly like a non-clausal adverbial in a simple sentence. The different linear positions of adverbial clauses result from their different hierarchical levels. The adverbial clause is also constructed like a simple sentence. There is no specific rule governing the position of the constituents within the adverbial clause. The distribution of the subordinator depends on its nature, adverbial or prepositional. Following these investigations, the adverbial clauses in Chinese are divided into two main categories, according to the different syntactic properties manifested through their hierarchical level, their internal structure and the nature of their subordinator. We then embark on a series of detailed analysis on sentences that are concessive, final and consequential; we uncover their syntactic and semantic properties
Djang, Yali. "Le factitif en français et en chinois : aspects linguistique et didactique." Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to describe how the causatif system works in french and chinese. Since the problems, to be described or to be solved, in the two languages are not on the same level, we are obliged to present each of them separately in an analytical manner before we present the real comparison section of the study. In the first section we will mainly try to justify the specific status of the grammaticalized causative construction "faire + infinitive" which, unlike all other constructions "verb + infinitive", form a particular construction in modern french. The following section will begin with a presentation of the ancient chinese causatif which will help us to explain some causative phenomena of chinese today. A description of today's causative chinese will follow which will answer questions concerning the status of the grammaticalized causative operateurs. The comparison section will let us reveal more details on some points which either bring together or split apart the two linguistic systems. This section will also, above all, describe phenomena which would have been neglected in a non-comparative study. Since this thesis has been written in a didactic perspective we will finish by an analysis of existing grammars to bring about how they treat the causatif and to show how insufficient they are
Liu, Te-hsin. "Marque, registre et contour dans les systèmes tonals en chinois." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/140535209#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis dissertation concerns "the positional character of the tone" in Chinese, and suggests to rehabilitate representations to explain, in particular, diverse tone sandhi processes in Chinese. The hypothesis of a tonal periodic skeleton HLHL allows to resolve some of the problems raised by current representational and OT analyses, and sheds light on two questions unexplained by phonetics: i) Why are there systems with only contour tones in Chinese ? ii) Why does a level tone have an equal or superior duration to a contour tone, whereas the latter is supposed to be more complicated to produce according to phoneticians ? The proposed representations address these two questions and predict a formal hierarchy of tonal markedness. The theory developped here implies that Chinese contour tones can be analyzed as a succession of two level tones defined by an intratonal government relationship. A theoretical advantage of this conception is to avoid positing register primitives, the latter being incoporated into the tonal representation. Consequently, independant register spread is formally excluded from our representation
Wang, Xiuli. "La cohésion transphrastique : les compléments locatifs antéposés en chinois et en français." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030043.
Full textSpatial framing is a textual cohesion procedure which occurs before a clause, whose referent turn into means of reference. The spatial adverbials assume a textual function: they have to be syntactically and semantically independent enough towards the clause they precede. Clauses sharing this spatial reference represent the referential scope. Then, these clauses often localizes the state and the affaires trough them to bind the context before and the context after. The point of the reference is regularized and quantified in Chinese and in French. All of the analyses are based on the examples of the Soul's Mountain of Gao Xingjian. This study associate also with the cognitive reflections
Feng, Jean-Yves. "Une étude contrastive sur la notion du temps et la notion de l'aspect en français et en chinois." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030113.
Full textMo, Jianmin. "Adjectifs et constructions comparatives en chinois contemporain." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H085.
Full textAs the Chinese adjectives can be used not only as epithets, but also as predicates, the real existence of the Chinese adjective class is questioned by some linguists of Chinese who do not hesitate to class them as verbs and even give them the name "quality verbs". For this reason, the identification of Chinese adjective constitutes both a complicated and important task which is linked to the redefinition of parts of speech in Chinese, taking out the characteristics of adjectives different to those of other parts of speech on the one hand, and the syntactic and semantic behavioral characteristics of adjectives in comparative constructions, on the other. Our work is split into two parts. Firstly, we look for a set of criteria by which we can distinguish between the parts of speech in Chinese whilst also introducing very significant statistical results produced by groups of Chinese linguists in order to confirm our hypothesis about the existence of a class of adjectives in Chinese. Then, using Sapir's gradability theory, we carry out a sub-classification of Chinese adjectives which are predicates and a distinguish between adjectives, progressive verbs and causative verbs. In the second part based on the results obtained in the first, we interpret the different comparative relationships of adjectives and thus draw the particularities of comparative constructions in Chinese. Notably, we take an observe on comparative monemes of superiority : @bi, inferiority @@ meiyou, equality @gen. . . @yiyang and of equaling degree @you. . . Etc and thus logical and empirical analysis of negative form of comparative of superiority @@bu bi, which have often caused controversy amongst Chinese linguists
Yuan, Hua-Hung. "Quelques aspects de la quantification en chinois mandarin : pluralité et distributivité." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070001.
Full textSome phenomena of D(eterminer)-quantification and A(DVerb)/A(dverbial)-quantification in Chinese are analyzed here; in particular, (i) distributivity, defined as a distributive relation (Cf. Choe (1987)), and (ii) verbal plurality (Cf. Cusic (1981)). Two types of distributivity, labelled as "event-denoting" (1) and "individual-denoting" (2) can be found with dou 'ail' quantification and ge 'each' quantification. The four determiner quantifiers, mei 'every', reduplicated classifiers, geq 'diverse' and suoyoude 'all', necessarily in co-occurrence with dou 'all' indicate type (1) distributivity. However, the NPs modified by these determiners do not systematically yield an atomic reading, since their preverbal or postverbal position also plays a role. Mei 'every' does not only produce the distributivity of type (2), but also gives verbal plurality. In the nominal domain, reduplicated forms pluralize certain elements, whether they are nominal or verbal, and some of them can trigger thé distributivity of type (1)
Nghia, Khun. "Les énoncés complexes en "de shihou" en chinois." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070026.
Full textIn this dissertation, I study the sentences involving the subordinate clause with cte shihou (= Pdeshihou), in addition to a general prospect for the temporal adverb. Accordingly, I base on an analysis of aspectual system. I regard the aspectual properties of subordinate clauses and main clauses as the essential parameters which govern the relation between the two clauses. Based on these parameters, as well as the criteria such as the referentiality of the subjects of the two clauses and the presence of the adverb of quantification jiu, 1) I examine the various semantic values of Pdeshihou — six semantic values are studied ; 2) I determine the conditions of the generic or not generic interpretation of sentences involving Pdeshihou ; 3) I analyze the syntactic structure and the hierarchy of sentences involving Pdeshihou ; 4) I study the temporal localization of the Chinese sentence. My research is within a framework where intervene and interfere syntax, semantics and the discursive one. Thus It amount in a total and coherent analysis of the complex sentences involving Pdeshihou
Liu, Jinhong. "Lectures (non)-culminatives des accomplissements causatifs en mandarin : une approche expérimentale." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2034/document.
Full textThis dissertation investigates (nom-culminating construals of Mandarin causative accomplishments, which consist of two subevents, a process event brings a change of state. Mandarin causative accomplishments can be encoded either by monomorphemic causative accomplishment (MCA) verbs (e.g. shâ "kill") or by Resultative Verb Compounds (RVCs, e.g. shii-si "kill-dead"). According to their scale structures, MCA verbs are classified into two classes: gradable (having more than three degrees in the scale of state change) vs. ungradable (having only two degrees in the scale of state change).We claim that i) Unlike RVC which entail the culmination, MCA verbs in Mandarin imply the culmination, allowing nonculminating (NC) construals; ii) Gradable MCA verbs allow NC construals without adverbial modification, while ungradable MCA verbs allow NC when there are adverbial modifiers such as frequency adverbs. Moreover, based on Demirdache & Martin's (2015) Agent Control Hypothesis, we contend that agenthood also facilitates NC construals for MCA verbs. Three experiments are designed to investigate (non)-culminating readings of accomplishment verbs among Mandarin adults and children, concerning respectively accomplishments of three different constructions: (i) MCA verbs; (ii) RVCs; (iii) MCA verbs + hàojici "several times". The results with adults confirm our claim. And the results with the children suggest that they have indeed acquired the culmination inference carried by MCA verbs, as the findings for experiment 3 clearly show, but fail to cancel this inference in the absence of explicit linguistic cues. We suggest that children's overly restrictive behavioral pattern of interpretation under experiment I with MCA verbs arises because they fail to cancel the lexical implicature in the absence of linguistic cue
Roth, Odile. "Les compléments résultatifs à valeur aspectuelle du chinois contemporain." Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0013.
Full textThis dissertation presents the results of a corpus-based study of four resultative complements in contemporary Chinese: 完 wán « finish », 好 hăo « achieve », 到 dào « attain » and 掉 diào « vanish ». These resultative complements, which count among the most frequent in contemporary Chinese, are generally regarded as aspectual resultatives. Through a systematic analysis of their context of use, the author identifies three functions for these resultative complements: a lexical function, an aspectual function and a subjective function. The dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter one presents the role played by resultative constructions in the entire verbal system of contemporary Chinese. Chapter two gives a definition of resultative constructions in contemporary Chinese and a critical overview of previous work on aspectual resultative complements. Chapter three presents the lexical function of resultative complements and observes the role they play in word-formation process ; Chapter four examines the aspectual function of resultative complements, and establishes a distinction between the marking of perfective and telicity; Chapter five presents the subjective function of resultative complements, and shows how these can allow the speaker to express subjectivity in the language. One will find in the appendix a complete list of all V-完 wán, V-好 hăo, V-到 dào, V-掉 diào occurrences found in the corpus
Chan, Kwang Guan Daniel. "La négation et la polarité en chinois contemporain." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070013.
Full textThis thesis deals with negation in contemporary Chinese from the point of view of its diversity, its scalarity, and polarity items. The content is divided into two parts. In the first part, which concerns its diversity, negation is treated on the morphosyntactic, syntactic and pragmatic level. On the morphosyntactic level, we revisit the problem of the choice between two negation markers (bu and méî) in relation to its aspectual features. On the syntactic level, we seek to unify these two markers within the generative syntax framework, while considering the alternation between these negation markers and affirmation markers, as well as the cases of multiple negations. On the pragmatic level, we analyse several commonly used forms and particles that contribute to implicit negation. In the second part, we attempt to demonstrate that negation is "scalar", to the extent that one can strengthen or tone down negative meaning through the use of negative polarity items. We bring to light the fonction and operation of polarity items (PI) in general through the study of the so-called "scalarity" of negation, and of its affirmative counterpart. We then examine how the quantitative value and syntactic position of polarity items work in tandem to produce positive or negative meaning in sentences. Finally, we discuss the possibility of restricting IP to certain syntactic classes
Wang, Honglu. "L'ordre des mots et le changement d'ordre des mots en chinois : analyse synchronique et diachronique." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0040.
Full textThis linguistic work on typology is a study on the order of constituents in chinese. Is chinese a S-O-V (subject - verb- object) language or a S-V-O language? This dissertation discusses in detail the different arguments given by the tenants of the two different hypotheses. It also deals with other word orders than the sole order of the "subject", "verb" and "object" constituents. The work is divided into three parts : one diachronic part untitled "Word order in ancient Chinese", one synchronic part on "Word order in contemporary Chinese" and one part in where our corpus is analyzed. The diachronic work shows that the Chinese was originally a S-V-O language and has been unchanged all along its history. The changes were however significant in other areas : prepositions, classifiers, etc. It is showed in the synchronic part, that the hypothesis of S-V-O is more convincing. The third part presents two oral speeches belonging both to Standard Mandarin. One detailed analysis of these two speeches show undoubdetly that contemporary Chinese is indeed a S-V-O language
Boulin, Myriam. "Temporal Deixis and Anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese : a contrastive study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01599127.
Full textThis thesis conducts a contrastive analysis of temporal deixis and anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese through the study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents. More generally, it explores the problems linked to the encoding of time location and time relations in English, a tensed language, vs. Mandarin Chinese, an aspectual language. This research is based on the study of a bidirectional bilingual corpus of narrative texts, film dialogues and spontaneous conversations. The Mandarin markers examined include time adverbs such as xianzai `now', nashi `at that time', dangshi 'at the time', zheshi this moment' as well as the aspectual particles final le and verbal —le. It is found that deictic and anaphoric time adverbials play a more crucial role for time location in Chinese than in English while sequential adverbs are more widely used in English than in Chinese. This is linked to the fact that English is a tensed language equipped with grammatical means of temporal location, and thus in lesser need of lexical devices for temporal location, while Mandarin is an aspectual language which codes time relations between eventualities, and is thus in lesser need of sequential markers than English. Moreover, we find that the absence of tense in Chinese results in an unmarked use of proximal time deictics such as xianzai 'flow' in narratives, while the use of now in English narratives, when combined with past tense, creates a deictic shift. It is finally found that the pragmatic uses of now and then and thei Mandarin equivalents draw from the deictic and anaphoric characteristics of the markers: now is contrastive while then is continuative
Castro, Ana. "On possessives in Portuguese." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082804.
Full textThis dissertation addresses some aspects of the grammar of possessives in Portuguese, both simple forms and de-phrases. It is shown that simple possessives have two homophonous series in Portuguese: prenominal possessives occur in definite contexts (like French and English and unlike Catalan and Italian ones); postnominal possessives occur in non-definite contexts. It is assumed that the former are generated in D, the position in which definiteness is interpreted. This proposal captures the contrasts between the two positions with respect to modification by weak and strong adverbs, coordination and strategies of focus. It is also claimed that the variation observed in Portuguese in the constructions with prenominal possessives - presence of the definite article in European Portuguese (EP) versus its absence in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) - is due, not to differences in the grammar of possessives, but to differences in the determiner system. Since Portuguese displays the same variation in nominal constructions with proper names and generics, it is claimed that they all involve an expletive, i. E. A semantically vacuous definite article, which is phonetically overt in EP and phonetically null in BP. In the 3rd person, Portuguese has two possessive forms: seu and dele. Seu, unlike dele, is an ambiguous form because it is not fully specified for phi-features (gender and number). Data from both spoken and written corpora show that dele is not replacing seu. In EP and BP, the two forms are not equivalent: dele only takes referential antecedents whereas seu may also be bound by non-referential expressions (generics and quantified)
Changmo, Hsu. "Le parallèlisme et sa fonction sociale en chinois moderne." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHESA020.
Full textRicaud, Philippe. "Particules et théorie linguistique : réflexions à propos des particules finales du cantonais." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0309.
Full textBeynong the description of the final particles in cantonese, this thesis aims at 1 showing how fundamental particles are for linguistic theory, and 2 defending the necessity of a systemic approach of particles. Thanks to our definition of the general category of particles, the final particles of cantonese are specified as "propositional particles". Then, relations between final particles and morphosyntactical structure are examined : incidence, adverbs, complex sentence, modalities, etc. In order to explain the unicity of the value of a given particle, the cantonese final particles are described through our hypothesis of the split of the intrinsic value into a denotative value and a discursive value. Then, we show that 1 some forms must be regarded as variants of a same particle, not as concurrent units, and 2 this can be explained by the phonosymbolism principle. Finally, a list of typological features is proposed for syntactic, semantic and phonetic characterization of the particles
Li, Yiping. "Étude des problèmes spécifiques de l'intégration du chinois dans un système de traitement automatique pour les langues européennes." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0282.
Full textLinguistic analysis is a fundamental and essential step for natural language processing. It often includes part-of-speech tagging and named entity identification in order to realize higher level applications, such as information retrieval, automatic translation, question answers, etc. Chinese linguistic analysis must perform the same tasks as that of other languages, but it must resolve a supplemental difficulty caused by the lack of delimiter between words. Since the word is the elementary unit for automated language processing, it is indispensable to segment sentences into words for Chinese language processing. In most existing system described in the literature, segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition are often presented as three sequential, independent steps. But since segmentation provides the basis for and impacts the other two steps, some statistical methods which collapse all three treatments or two of the three into one module have been proposed. With these combinations of steps, segmentation can be improved by complementary information supplied by part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition, and global analysis of Chinese improved. However this unique treatment model is not modular and difficult to adapt to different languages other than Chinese. Consequently, this approach is not suitable for creating multilingual automatic analysis systems. This dissertation studies the integration Chinese automatic analysis into an existing multilingual analysis system LIMA. Originally built for European languages, LIMA’s modular approach imposes some constraints that a monolingual Chinese analysis system need not consider. Firstly, the treatment for Chinese should be compatible and follow the same flow as other languages. And secondly, in order to keep the system coherent, it is preferable to employ common modules for all the languages treated by the system, including a new language like Chinese. To respect these constraints, we chose to realize the phases of segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition separately. Our modular treatment includes a specific module for Chinese analysis that should be reusable for other languages with similar linguistic features. After error analysis of this purely modular approach, we were able to improve our segmentation with enriched information supplied by part-ofspeech tagging, named entity recognition and some linguistic knowledge. In our final results, three specific treatments have been added into the LIMA system: a pretreatment based on a co-occurrence model applied before segmentation, a term tokenization relative to numbers written in Chinese characters, and a complementary treatment after segmentation that identifies certain named entities before subsequent part-of-speech tagging. We evaluate and discuss the improvement that these additional treatments bring to our analysis, while retaining the modular and linear approach of the underlying LIMA natural language processing system
Yong, Yi-Chine. "Approche des cultures française et chinoise à travers les proberbes, les locutions et les expressions imagées." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030074.
Full text* by a comparative study of the most significant expressions in each language. * by implementing a pedagogic instrument employing those expressions when teaching french to chinese students, and teaching chinese to french students. This consists of: * first, picking up expressions coming from popular tradition. History, writers and philosophers, translating them and analysing them; * next, making people discover different as well as similar significations in both cultures without canceling their own particularities; * and, specially, using proverbs and other idioms which represent civilisation and are a link to give access to "what is the other". Thanks to this approach, it is possible to mild this "cultural shock" created out of geographical difference. This also helps in building bridge between two rich cultures
Yu, Mengyang. "Analyse linguistique de l'expression des émotions en chinois." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL181.
Full textEmotions are omnipresent. They are expressed by lexemes, fixed expressions, but also interjections, insults, gestures, facial expressions, the prosody of an utterance ... Besides, there are also the cases where by a certain syntactic structure for example we feel the emotional nuances. The question of emotion is therefore complex and subject to research in many areas. Based on Darwin's two fundamental postulates - the universality of the expression of emotions and its adaptability - researchers have developed different theoretical schools that make us ask the following questions: Are emotions universally expressed in the same way? Are they biologically determined? What role does the individual play in the resentment of emotions? What are the impacts of society and culture on the perception and expression of emotions? Etc. In the framework of thesis we propose to study these questions through a research on the expression of emotions in Chinese. To do this, we performed an analysis of the decoding of emotional discourses, a seminal analysis in Mandarin and French, in order to then build semantic networks that help to better understand the specificities of expression and the understanding of emotions in Chinese and French, an analysis of the conceptualization of emotions in Chinese, a search for innovations in the expression of emotions in Chinese in digital conversations and in oral, and finally a syntactic analysis of the linguistic expression of emotion in Mandarin, both oral and written. This study on the expression of emotions in Chinese allowed us to show that emotion is a psychological phenomenon largely influenced by social and cultural factors
Iljic, Robert. "L'expression du temps en chinois contemporain. Etude de trois marqueurs." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070024.
Full textIn this doctoral thesis we try to answer the question of how modern chinese expresses time, and more specifically the past, through the study of three lexically empty markers which, though not pure time markers, always or almost always refer to the past. These are : sentence marker laizhe, currently used in northern china, which indicates that a process or a state was going on in the recent past, but doesn't exist any more at present; verbal suffix -guo which marks either that an event took place at least once in a relative past or that a definite process (which was supposed to happen) actually occurred; nominal determination marker de which in one particular structure ( (shi) v de o) filters through the past time value only
Yu, Xinyue Cécilia. "Structure argumentale et acquisition en langue étrangère." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC278.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the acquisition process of ditransitives constructions in Mandarin Chinese by French adult learners. These constructions are formally characterized by the double-object structure and structures with the preposition Gei, and semantically characterized by a caused possession event. This work adopts the Construction Grammar approach, and was developed from the descriptive analysis of the syntactic-semantic interface of verb classes and ditransitives constructions. An experimental study was conducted to clarify the factors, such as information structure and syntactic weight, which play on the choice of constructions in real usage. In terms of the acquisition process, our work aims to answer two questions: 1) Are learners sensitive to the interface of syntactic structures and semantic constraints? 2) Can they acquire the constraints of information structure and syntactic weight on these constructions? To answer the first question, experiences including an acceptability judgment task and a translation task were carried out, and the results show an acquisition process characterized by the Ll transfer effect, explicit input effect, overgeneralization and (partial) recovery from overgeneralization. To answer the second question, a semi-guided production experience was carried out, and the results reveal on one hand an acquisition process marked by the overuse of a construction because of ignorance of the information structure and recovery from the overuse, and one the other hand a "U-shaped" acquisition pattern of syntactic weight factor
Wen-Dode, Huiping. "You '(Y) avoir' grammatical dans le mandarin de Taiwan." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0086.
Full textThis dissertation concerns the grammatical use of you 'to have, there is' ('you VP') in Taiwan Mandarin (MT). The first part introduces the standard uses of you in Mandarin (in general) as well as some special uses of you in MT. The second part is a critical examination of previous works. In the thrid part, a detailed investigation of you in different sentence types allows us to establish the semantical, syntaxical and pragmatical role of you and to draw a list of its typical uses. It is argued that you has improved elliptical expressions and the interrogative system. In the fourth part, you is compared to le (perfectif) and to hui (irrealis). You is proved to be a modal marker (realis), thus at a higher level than le (and the other aspectual-temporal markers: guo, zai and zhe) and at the same level than hui. The use of you completes the TAM (Tense, Aspect and Mood) system. You then is compared to shi ('to be', higher verb) and is proved to be at a lower level than shi. In the last part, it is argued that the use of you in MT is natural and inevitable : it helps the restructuring of Mandarin
Drocourt, Zhitang. "Evolution syntaxique des classificateurs chinois (du XIVe siècle av. J. -C. Au XVIIe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0325.
Full textClassifiers are differentiated from measure words which are required and universal. Derivedfrom the first archaic unit-nouns and incorporated into the vernacular during the pre-medieval period (secondfirst century b. C. ), chinese classifiers appear most frequently in the context of qunantifying the unit, while semantically they are employed for stylistic and rhetorical purposes. Traditionally interpreted as un change in word order, their two syntactic positions -- before and after the noun -- occur simultaneously throughout the history of the chinese language, and indicate, in fact, two kinds of quantification, general and specific respectively
Bi, Yanjing. "Constructions figées en français et en chinois." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH027/document.
Full textLanguages are not just instruments of communication. Claude Hagège (2012: 181) reminds that all languages are rooted in a pool of knowledge, sensations, memories, images, dreams, which are the fabric of a speaker's competence. Languages are very complex and multidimensional phenomena. However, it is impossible to carry out a complete study of languages, without taking into account a generalized and pervasive phenomenon: the fixedness.In light of a great deal of progress which has been made by the research on phraseology, we realize that many gray areas still exist; indeed, some true mysteries remain to be unraveled. Contrastive studies have always helped to advance knowledge of language, especially so when the studied languages are typologically distinct. This is the case of Chinese and French, an isolating language in the first case, a fusional language in the second one. This does not always mean that the differences are significant and sometimes unexpected similarities may emerge. There is no contradiction in the simultaneous quest for homologies and the highlighting of differences. A comparison of the fixed expressions in Chinese and French provides a new vantage point which will undoubtedly expand the horizon even if it does not provide true solutions
Lin, Ting-Shiu. "Coordinations de prédicats en mandarin contemporain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC052/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we study the syntactic and semantic features of several coordinators of predicates in contemporary Mandarin and analyze the syntactic structures of the coordinate constructions formed by these coordinators. We investigate not only simple but also correlative coordinations. We notice that, on the one hand, the Mandarin simple coordination has most likely a head-specifier-complement structure, as Zhang Ning (2010) has proposed: the coordinator is the head, the external conjunct is the specifier and the internal conjunct is the complement. On the other hand, in contrast to Zhang Ning’s (2008) claim, we discover that the correlative coordinations of Mandarin and those of Germanic languages do not have the same syntactic configurations: the former are composed of one silent conjunction and at least two focus-sensitive particles while the latter, as previous research has noted, are made up of one overt conjunction and one focus-sensitive particle. In addition, we find out that the Mandarin coordinators of predicates differ from one another in at least one of the following respects: the syntactic categories of the elements that they can coordinate, the semantic relationships that they may build between their conjuncts and the possession of a [V] feature or a [-V] feature. Last but not least, we notice that the predicates coordinated by some coordinators must, in most of the cases, have identical aspectual features. We argue that this tendency is related to the type of semantic relationship that these coordinators build between their conjuncts
Bergère, Amandine. "Langues en contact : compétences cognitives et contraintes scripturales : la formation linguistique des résidents chinois à Paris." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H086.
Full textThis dissertation identifies which criteria, among adult Chinese residents of Paris, are determinant in their choice of language learning structures. In the first instance, we show how this public will seldom turn to learning structures specialized in the field of French as a Foreign Language or adult literacy. Then, we demonstrate how, although literate in Chinese, these learners will favor structures that offer an initiation into the alphabetic principle. Finally, we explore the process through which the alphabetic principle is assimilated in learning a foreign language: process envisaged in terms of the development of a writing intersystem. In turn, the evolution of such a process will depend essentially on the command of cognitive skills necessary for the manipulation of infrasyllabalic phonological units. In conclusion, we note that the teaching curricula offered by those structures as favored by adult Chinese students will help them develop their writing intersystem rapidly
Tse, Kwok Keung. "Problèmes d'aspect en Chinois cantonais : étude de trois suffixes verbaux : -dzo, -dzi et ma:i." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070038.
Full textThe study of aspect in cantonese is grounded essentially on the verbal suffixes, for they constitute the major supports of aspectual values. Within the framework of a classifying approach (this approach caracterizes the previous works dealing with problems of aspect in cantonese), a verbal suffixe is considered as an aspect marker indicating a certain aspectual value such as "completed action", "non-completed action", "progressive", "durative", etc. However, it turns out that this classifying approach is not adequate to account for the semantic complexity of the suffixes. As a matter of fact, a verbal suffixe can have different readings according to its contextual environments, and these readings are not all of aspectual nature. In the present work, we set out with a different approach in considering that a verbal suffixe is the trace of an operation which is related to other operations of determination in the formation of an utterance. .
Ngan, Yuk-Han. "Évolution des constructions "verbe + complément" du chinois bas-archai͏̈que au chinois haut-médiéval (5ème siècle av. J. C. - 6ème siècle) : analyse diachronique." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0078.
Full textChen, Chao-Jan. "Modélisation de la sémantique des verbes composés chinois de type V-V." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070015.
Full textThis thesis presents a model of automatic sense determination for the V-V compound verbs in Chinese. First, we explore two major problems in the automatic semantic processing of the V-V compounds: the incomplete collection of character senses in the source dictionaries and the Gestalt effects in the semantic composition of a V-V compound, which means that the senses of the components V influence the sense of the construction, and vice versa. To solve the problems, we propose an approach with the use of two new concepts: the "latent senses" of characters and the "compounding semantic template" associated to a V-V compound. We calculate the measures of association between characters and senses, which allows us to retrieve the character senses that are not explicitly listed in the source dictionary (the latent senses). Based on the association measures, we can also calculate the similarity between the semantic templates of two V-V compounds, which allows us to retrieve potential synonyms of a given V-V compound. We have thus irnplemented a system of automatic synonym retrieval and a system of automatic semantic classification based on the former one. The evaluation experiments show that the performance of our systems is very encouraging
Gouguet, Jules. "La réduplication syntaxique et la structure du groupe verbal en mandarin, en anglais et en autres langues." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070085.
Full textThe first part of this dissertation studies the complex structure of the Mandarin verb phrase. The syntax of arguments and postverbal adverbials in Mandarin has been the object of much research, but no analysis has yet been able to account for all the data. Part of the difficulty owes to the practice of analysing postverbal adverbials as verb complements. A uniform analysis becomes available once this hypothesis replaced by one where adverbials are specifiers of aspectual projections internal to the extended verb phrase. The analysis can be extended to cover Mandarin resultative verb compounds as well as the reduplicative phenomenon known as "the verb copying construction". The second part of this dissertation seeks to establish how and why complex syntactic movement, as is proposed for the verb copying construction, can give rise to reduplication. A theory of the phonological interpretation of movement chains is proposed which allows for reduplicative movement to be distinguished from remnant movement in derivational terms, particularly based on phase theory. This new theory is applied to cases of reduplication and remnant movement in several languages, and notably to predicate fronting in English, for which a new analysis is proposed
Emmrich, Thomas. "Tabu und Meidung im antiken China : Aspekte des Verpönten /." Bad Honnef : Bock und Herchen, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36671063t.
Full textKao, Lu. "L'acquisition de l'aspect en français langue étrangère par des apprenants chinois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28538/28538.pdf.
Full textChen, Xiuwen. "A la recherche du temps à venir : l'apprentissage de l'expression du futur en français par les apprenants sinophones de français langue étrangère." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070071.
Full textThis thesis studies the learning of future expression in French by Chinese-speaking learners. Fhe temporal-aspectual marker system in Chinese differs from that of target language. In general, the latter marks the future by verb forms: simple future, periphrastic future; while the former uses two modal verbs yào and hui. Our study concerns the development of future time expression in French by Chinese-speaking learners. How do the linguistic means (in particular, lexical future, periphrastic future and simple future) alternate during the processes of French learning by Chinese¬speaking leaners? What are the factors which constitute the constraints on the usage of future variants by Chinese-speaking learners? Does the source language (L1) play a role in the learning? In the order to verify the answer to the last question, we draw a comparison between Chinese¬speaking learners and a group of English-speaking learners. Our thesis is composed of two parts. The first part focuses on a contrastive analysis on the expression of the future in French, Chinese and English, based on precedent studies mentioning the analysis of the future (Barcelô & Brès (2006), Klein (1992; 1994), Vet (1981, 1983, 1994, etc. ), Vetters (1994, 1996, 2001), Touratier (1996), Jeanjean (1988), Kissine (2008), Lansari (2006, 2008, 2009), Hsieh (2001, 2002, 2005, etc. ), You (1998), etc). The second part presents an empiric study to answer the questions proposed above and verify the hypothesis we formulated. This empiric study allows us to discover certain distinctive features in the development of the expression of the future while learning French by Chinese-speaking learners and partially confirms the L 1 's impact when learning French as a foreign language
Chi, Yumei. "Origines et évolutions des particules structurales "DE" du chinois pré-archaïque au chinois bas-médiéval (15e siècle avant JC- 13e siècle après JC)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0032.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the 6 functions of the particle DE or the Chinese mandarin, in the aim to understand its origins and evolutions since the pre-archaic Chinese to the late-medieval Chinese. Thus, this study ends in the period of the arrival of DI, embryo of DE, in adopting the diachronic approach. Two phases of evolution are noticed: the evolution of the traditional particles, as well as the brusque arrival of the new panicle DI. The first stage of the evolution which we qualify as 'regular', concerns the traditional particles: ZHl and ZHE. ZHI seems have appeared before ZHE. Nevertheless, by a stimulation of parallelism, some initial particles' functions of the ZHE were provoked by ZHl During ail the long ways of the evolution, bath ZHI and ZHE have interacted one to another, the interaction has conducted the birth of some other particles' functions of these two panicles. When the particles' fonctions of the traditional particles zm and ZHE become strong and mature, we have observed the arrival of the new particle DI, which was brusque and atypical. This phenomena shows that the origin of, seems not 'genetic', but emblematic. On conclusion, the origin of the evolution of DI, is composed at the first step, the evolution 'genetic', ' parallelism' and 'interactive' through the reanalyse, the grammaticalisation; then the second stage is constructed with an intervention of emblematic fusion, via an indication metaphoric
Cheng, Meng. "Les parties du discours dans la traduction français-chinois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL071.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the transposition of parts of speech in French-Chinese translation. Transposition, one of the main translation techniques, which consists of replacing one part of speech with another without changing the meaning of the message (Vinay J.-P., Darbelnet. J. 1958), This technique is often used in French-Chinese translation. In this study, we first present the development of Chinese grammatical studies and the main Chinese parts of speech, by determining the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships of a unit. Next, we analyze the most frequent transpositions of parts of speech in French-Chinese translation. We find that transposition, closely related to lexical fields, is often used to resolve differences in the functioning of grammatical-syntactic systems between the two languages. Finally, we summarize our main reflections based on contrastive corpus analyses and highlight future research directions
Hsiung, Hui-ju. "Évolution des prépositions ablatives en chinois du XIVe siècle av. J. -C. Au XIIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0004.
Full textThe goal of this dissertation is to study how the ablative prepositions yu, zi, cong, you, zicong and da evolve syntactically from the Pre-archaic period (14th - 11th c. BC. ), through the Early Archaic (11th - 6th c. BC. ), the Late Archaic (5th - 3rd c. BC. ), the Pre-medieval (206 BC. - 220 AD. ), the Early Medieval (3rd - 6th c. ), to the Late Medieval period (6th - mid 13th c. ). These prepositions have been attested for the first time at different periods : yu, zi, cong, and you appeared in the Shang inscriptions (the jiaguwen), zicong in the Late-archaic Chinese, da in the Late-medieval period. Furthermore, the word order distribution of PPs is also diverse. Except zicong and da, these prepositions occur in the postvebal as well as preverbal position. The PPs with yu tended to occupy the postverbal position before the Pre-medieval period, while the majority of PPs with zi, cong and you moved to the preverbal position since the Early Archaic period
Liu, Zheng. "Les lectures de l'étudiant chinois en France dans l'acquisition de la langue française." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/167232630#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textOur research, mainly aimed at the Chinese students before their departure for France, is in the purpose of helping them to start the first step and acquiring the elementary knowledge in French learning. On their arrival in France, they are facing considerable challenges in mastering French, for them, to reach a relatively satisfactory language level is considered to be a really difficulty to overcome. The support structures as well as the use by the students in the French cities where locate many universities are to be discussed here. The anxieties to get the diploma, together with the fulfillment of the hope placed by their families are omnipresent. It can explain the priority which has given to the assigned reading. The paper books reading remains the preferred mode of reading, even if internet viewing plays an important part in the reading schedule. These readings, as an addition part in comparison to the assigned scholar reading, will help to meet the personal interest according to the periods of time and situations. The concrete survey was conducted by steps under the great political tension between France and China. This critical period of situation has been monitored for its impact on reading practices. It confirms a difference point of view observed by the third party- in the reading practices and opinions, depending on the period of their stay in France. Empirical research could benefit from reading letters from students to their families. It is also based on the use of a questionnaire distributed to a certain hundred copies. Observations made in Chinese bookstores, at the Chinese embassy in Paris, and during a stay in a university dormitory on living with a dozen of students also contribute a lot to this research. Various proofs also could be found in the impact of the French knowledge upon returning to China and the activity concerning the cultural and literal structure exchange between France and China
Chi, Lee Pei-Wha. "Contribution à l'étude de l'intonation française prononcée par les chinois en vue de l'apprentissage." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA1014.
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