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1

Impey, Oliver. "George Chinnery." Asian Affairs 25, no. 3 (November 1994): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714041257.

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2

Poulton, Joanna, and David Marchington. "Reply to Chinnery et al." American Journal of Human Genetics 63, no. 6 (December 1998): 1910–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/302168.

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3

Dobkin, Josephine C. "Chinnery and Houqua: Questions of Attribution." Metropolitan Museum Journal 48 (January 2013): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675323.

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4

Scorgie, Michael E. "The rise and fall of William Bassett Chinnery." Abacus 43, no. 1 (March 2007): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.2007.00218.x.

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5

Yim, Denise. "A British Child's Music Education, 1801–1810: G.B. Viotti, Caroline Chinnery and the French Influence." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 5, no. 1 (June 2008): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409800002573.

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Broadly speaking, the British reception of foreign musicians appearing in London at the end of the eighteenth century was one of adulation. Most of these artists had arrived via Paris, where some had acquired a mantle of sophistication unknown in London. Paris was a city of fashion, which, if it could not rival London in economic clout, was the acknowledged European capital of culture, of refined taste and manners. British amateurs were therefore happy to admit these foreign artists into their homes both for private concerts, and in the capacity of music teachers for themselves and their children. One of the most alluring – not to mention gifted – of the performing artists to arrive in London from Paris was Giovanni Battista Viotti, whose public concerts in the last decade of the eighteenth century were among the most popular of the many that were on offer.
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6

Burns, David P., Ann Chinnery, Claudia W. Ruitenberg, and David I. Waddington. "Taking on the Traditions in Philosophy of Education: A Symposium." Paideusis 18, no. 2 (October 16, 2020): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1072328ar.

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In this symposium, we highlight the importance of critical engagement with philosophical traditions in philosophy of education. On one hand, it is important to critique the exclusionary nature of canons of knowledge that have shaped both philosophy and education; on the other, we believe it is important to acknowledge that our thinking, as well as the thinking of philosophers of education before us, is undeniably and indelibly marked by these traditions. Framed by Jacques Derrida’s reflections on the “figure of the philosopher” and Michael Naas’s conception of “taking on the tradition,” David Burns invites us to revisit the Stoic conception of character as a counterpoint to current discourses of character education in Canadian schools; David Waddington examines how Thomas Jefferson’s writings influenced John Dewey’s conception of democracy and democratic education; and Ann Chinnery proposes acknowledgement of intellectual indebtedness as an essential scholarly disposition, looking specifically at the “difficult inheritance” of Emmanuel Levinas’s debt to Martin Heidegger.
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7

Joshi, Stuti, and Allan Kermode. "048 Harding’s disease: an important MS mimic." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, e7 (July 2019): A16.2—A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-anzan.43.

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IntroductionLeber’s hereditary optic neuropathy is a mitochondrially-inherited disorder characterized by bilateral, painless visual loss, which leads to severe optic atrophy.1 LHON can be associated with an MS-like illness referred to as Harding’s disease.2We report two siblings, who both harbour the 11778 mtDNA mutation, but manifest markedly different clinical phenotypes; a male with classical LHON and a female with Harding’s disease.Methods and ResultsA 61-year-old female, who was diagnosed with MS 22 years ago was referred to our service for a second opinion. She developed unilateral painless visual loss in her 20’s, was diagnosed with optic neuritis and treated with corticosteroids with some recovery. A second episode of more severe visual loss at age 39 left her with visual impairment to less than finger counting. 4 years later, she had an episode of dysarthria and gait ataxia. MRI showed multifocal white matter lesions involving the juxta-cortical and periventricular regions, cerebellar peduncle and cervical cord. Targeted views of the optic pathways showed hyperintensity of the left optic nerve, with involvement extending into the optic canal.The patient has one brother who was diagnosed with LHON at age 37 after presenting with severe painless bilateral sequential visual loss. Genetic testing of the index patient confirmed the presence of the same mutation identified in her brother. ConclusionLHON and Harding’s disease demonstrate a great degree of variability in clinical phenotype and penetrance between males and females as well as individuals within the same family.3 While there is no evidence for screening MS cohorts for the LHON, consider genetic testing in patients with severe and persistent bilateral visual loss or with a suggestive family history.4ReferencesHarding AE, Sweeney MG, Miller DH, Mumford CJ, Kellar-Wood H, Menard D,McDonald WI, Compston DA. Occurrence of a multiple sclerosis-like illness in women who have a Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA mutation. Brain. 1992 August;115 ( Pt 4):979–89.Palace J. Multiple sclerosis associated with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. J Neurol Sci. 2009 November 15;286(1–2):24–7. Review.Pfeffer G, Burke A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Compston DAS, Chinnery PF. Clinical features of MS associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mtDNA mutations. Neurology. 2013;81(24):2073–2081.Yu-Wai-Man P, Chinnery PF. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. In: Pagon RA MP, Adam Ardinger HH eds. GeneReviews. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 2013. Accessed May 7, 2018.
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8

Rodrigues, Jessica Tomimitsu, and Rose Maria Belim Motter. "Brave new world: literatura e tecnologias digitais no ensino de língua inglesa." Diálogo das Letras 3, no. 1 (September 13, 2014): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22297/dl.v3i1.1112.

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O presente trabalho propõe refletir sobre a validade e eficiência de uma proposta pedagógica para o ensino de língua inglesa em salas de aulas regulares que une a Literatura e as Tecnologias Digitais. Em concomitância com a análise, discorre-se a respeito do papel do texto literário no desenvolvimento humano (LIMA, 2009), a proposta da Literatura na sala de aula (BORDINI; AGUIAR, 1993 e KLEIMAN, 1996), o ciberespaço e sua relação com a literatura (MURRAY, 2003) e uma proposta literária-cibernética para o ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa (BRENNER, 2014 e CHINNERY, 2014) para os chamados nativos digitais (PRENSKY, 2001). Analisar-se-á, também, o status do inglês como língua internacional, intrinsecamente ligado às relações de poder, políticas, econômicas e também identitárias; refletindo, portanto, nas propostas de ensino-aprendizagem para domínio fluente do idioma. Nesse sentido, a obra que intitula o trabalho, livro de excelência de Aldous Huxley e também versos shakespearianos, Brave New World, propõe um rompimento com as barreiras impostas bem como um incentivo à mudança, inovadora com as tecnologias e emancipadora com a literatura, na prática pedagógica de ensino de língua inglesa.
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9

Yim, Denise. "An Early Nineteenth-Century Correspondence between Two Friends: the Unpublished Letters of Madame de Genlis to her English Admirer Margaret Chinnery." Australian Journal of French Studies 35, no. 3 (September 1998): 308–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.35.3.308.

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10

Pickvance, Christopher. "Oak furniture: the British tradition, (Revised edition) Victor Chinnery , Woodbridge, Suffolk: ACC Art Books, 2016 552 p. ill. ISBN 9781851497157 £75.00 / $125.00 (hardcover)." Art Libraries Journal 42, no. 3 (June 2, 2017): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2017.26.

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11

Treagus, Jack. "Comment on: “The Bude Formation, SW England—a three-dimensional, intra-formational variscan imbricate stack?” by G.E. Lloyd and N. Chinnery [Journal of Structural Geology 24(2002)1259–1280]." Journal of Structural Geology 25, no. 12 (December 2003): 2159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(03)00047-6.

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12

Tillotson, G. H. R. "George Chinnery 1774–1852: artist of India and the China Coast. By Patrick Conner, pp. 320, 113 col. pi., 189 bl. and wh. illus. Woodbridge, Suffolk, Antique Collectors' Club, 1993." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 6, no. 1 (April 1996): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300015108.

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13

Ferguson, Ian. "John Harding Chinner, FIFA." Australian Forestry 65, no. 1 (January 2002): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2002.10674854.

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14

Willard, Huntington F. "Genetics and Genomics in Medicine. By Tom Strachan, Judith Goodship, and Patrick Chinnery. New York: Garland Science (Taylor & Francis Group). $125.00 (paper). xvii + 526 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-8153-4480-3. 2015." Quarterly Review of Biology 91, no. 4 (December 2016): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/689522.

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15

Berrow, Simon D., John P. Croxall, and Sharon D. Grant. "Status of white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus 1758, at Bird Island, South Georgia." Antarctic Science 12, no. 4 (December 2000): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102000000468.

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The white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) is an abundant, widespread petrel breeding in tussock grassland at sub-Antarctic islands. Over the last decade it has been killed in large numbers in temperate and sub-tropical longline fisheries. However no data are available on the global population status. We assessed the status of white-chinned petrels at Bird Island, South Georgia by comparing the distribution and density of occupied burrows in 1981 and 1998. In both surveys white-chinned petrel burrows occurred in one-quarter of the 460–477 36-m2 quadrats surveyed. The total number of burrows in each quadrat was consistent between each survey but we estimate an overall decrease of 28% in those occupied (with considerable variation between sites). Concurrent data on breeding frequency and success showed that white-chinned petrels are essentially annual breeders at Bird Island; breeding success was consistent at around 44%. Significant factors determining densities of occupied burrows were crown height and percent tussock cover (accounting for 77% of variance). The former has decreased significantly, the latter increased significantly between 1981 and 1998 but there was no relationship between white-chinned petrel occupancy rate and habitat modification due to the presence of fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). This suggests that any population decline is due to factors operating away from the breeding colony, such as those attributed to fishing.
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AKHIL, S. V., M. DIVYA, and THOMAS K. SABU. "Two new species of Macrocheilus Hope (Carabidae: Anthiinae: Helluonini) from the south Western Ghats of India." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2019.09.1.3.

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Two new species of Macrocheilus Hope 1838, Macrocheilus chinnarensis sp. nov. (type locality: India: Kerala: Chinnar) and Macrocheilus bandipurensis sp. nov. (type locality: India: Karnataka: Gundlupet) are described from the dry rain shadow belts of south Western Ghats. A modified taxonomic key to all the known species of the genus from India is provided. Key Words: Macrocheilus, Western Ghats, Gundlupet, Chinnar wild life sanctuary
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17

Rollinson, Dominic P., Ben J. Dilley, Delia Davies, and Peter G. Ryan. "Year-round movements of white-chinned petrels from Marion Island, south-western Indian Ocean." Antarctic Science 30, no. 3 (March 26, 2018): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102018000056.

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AbstractWhite-chinned petrelsProcellaria aequinoctialisL. are the most frequently recorded procellariiform species in the bycatch of Southern Hemisphere longline fisheries. Our study investigated the year-round movements of ten adult white-chinned petrels (seven breeders, three non-breeders/suspected pre-breeders) from Marion Island tracked with global location sensor (GLS) loggers for three years. Additionally, 20 global positioning system (GPS) tracks were obtained from breeding white-chinned petrels during incubation (n=9) and chick-rearing (n=11). All GLS-tagged birds remained, year-round, in the area between southern Africa and Antarctica, not making any major east/west movements. Three core areas (50% kernels) were utilized: around the Prince Edward Islands (PEI; incubation and early chick-rearing),c. 1000 km west of PEI (pre-breeding and early incubation) and around South Africa (non-breeding birds). The only area where 50% utilization kernels overlapped with intensive longline fishing effort was off the Agulhas Bank (non-breeding season). Our results confirm the lack of foraging overlap between the two subspecies; nominate birds (South Georgia/south-western Indian Ocean) utilize separate areas toP. a. steadi(New Zealand/sub-Antarctic islands), and thus should be treated as separate management units. Knowledge of the year-round movements of a vagile species, such as the white-chinned petrel, is important for its continued conservation.
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Dilley, Ben J., David W. Hedding, Dominic A. W. Henry, Kalinka Rexer-Huber, Graham C. Parker, Stefan Schoombie, Alexis Osborne, and Peter G. Ryan. "Clustered or dispersed: testing the effect of sampling strategy to census burrow-nesting petrels with varied distributions at sub-Antarctic Marion Island." Antarctic Science 31, no. 05 (August 28, 2019): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000300.

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AbstractWe compared systematic and random survey techniques to estimate breeding population sizes of burrow-nesting petrel species on Marion Island. White-chinned (Procellaria aequinoctialis) and blue (Halobaena caerulea) petrel population sizes were estimated in systematic surveys (which attempt to count every colony) in 2009 and 2012, respectively. In 2015, we counted burrows of white-chinned, blue and great-winged (Pterodroma macroptera) petrels within 52 randomized strip transects (25 m wide, total 144 km). Burrow densities were extrapolated by Geographic Information System-derived habitat attributes (geology, vegetation, slope, elevation, aspect) to generate island-wide burrow estimates. Great-winged petrel burrows were found singly or in small groups at low densities (2 burrows ha−1); white-chinned petrel burrows were in loose clusters at moderate densities (3 burrows ha−1); and blue petrel burrows were in tight clusters at high densities (13 burrows ha−1). The random survey estimated 58% more white-chinned petrels but 42% fewer blue petrels than the systematic surveys. The results suggest that random transects are best suited for species that are widely distributed at low densities, but become increasingly poor for estimating population sizes of species with clustered distributions. Repeated fixed transects provide a robust way to monitor changes in colony density and area, but might fail to detect the formation/disappearance of new colonies.
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Willink, David. "Re St Andrew, Chinnor." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x19001637.

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Ryan, Peter G. "The taxonomic and conservation status of the Spectacled Petrel Procellaria conspicillata." Bird Conservation International 8, no. 3 (September 1998): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001891.

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SummaryThe Spectacled Petrel Procellaria [aequinoctialis] conspicillata only breeds at Inaccessible Island, central South Atlantic Ocean. During the early 1980s the population was estimated to be at most 1,000 pairs, but hundreds of Spectacled Petrels have been killed annually in longline fisheries off the east coast of South America since at least 1987. Although the population is characterized by a unique plumage trait, it is still regarded as a subspecies of the White-chinned Petrel P. aequinoctialis. Analysis of calls and playback experiments show that the Spectacled Petrel is vocally distinct from White-chinned Petrels and should be regarded as a valid biological species. It is also slightly smaller and breeds earlier than the White-chinned Petrel. Given its small population size and known mortality on longlines, the Spectacled Petrel is Endangered in terms of IUCN criteria C1 and C2b. Longline fisheries operating off South America should institute measures to reduce seabird by-catch. A survey of the breeding population at Inaccessible Island is required to assess the rate at which the population is decreasing.
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Richter, Goetz. "Viotti and the Chinnerys: A Relationship Charted through Letters." Musicology Australia 28, no. 1 (January 2005): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08145857.2005.10415293.

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22

Berrow, Simon D., and John P. Croxall. "The diet of white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis, Linnaeus 1758, in years of contrasting prey availability at South Georgia." Antarctic Science 11, no. 3 (September 1999): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000371.

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The diet of breeding white-chinned petrels was studied during the summers of 1996 and 1998 at South Georgia. Krill abundance/availability was high throughout 1996 but apparently low at the beginning of the 1998 breeding season. The diet of white-chinned petrels was similar between years and consistent with previous studies. Krill Euphausia superba (41–42% by weight) was the single most important prey item followed by fish (39–29%) and squid (19–25%). Meal mass was consistent (110 g in 1996, 119 g in 1998) between years but a significant decrease (46%) in feeding frequency in 1998 (0.54 meals day−1 compared to 0.75 meals day−1 in 1996) resulted in 19% less food delivered to chicks in 1998 than in 1996. Breeding success, however, was consistent between years at 44% and similar to that recorded previously at Bird Island. This is in contrast to black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses, both of which experienced almost total breeding failure in 1998. It is suggested that their varied and versatile feeding methods, together with their greater diving ability, capacity to feed at night and extensive foraging range, help white-chinned petrels minimise the effects of krill shortage.
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Nel, Deon C., Peter G. Ryan, and Barry P. Watkins. "Seabird mortality in the Patagonian toothfish longline fishery around the Prince Edward Islands, 1996–2000." Antarctic Science 14, no. 2 (June 2002): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102002000718.

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Sanctioned longline fishing for Patagonian toothfish around the Prince Edward Islands (a globally important seabird breeding site) commenced in 1996 following high levels of Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) fishing. Independent fishery observers accompanied all but two sanctioned trips between 1996 and 2000, allowing a thorough understanding of the impact of this fishery on seabirds. Overall, white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis were by far the most frequently killed species. However, during the first year, when lines were set during the day and night, a significant number of albatrosses (particularly grey-headed albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma) were also killed. Birds were caught almost exclusively during their breeding seasons and most birds killed were breeding adult males from the Prince Edward Islands. Albatrosses and giant petrels were caught almost exclusively during day sets, whereas catch rates of white-chinned petrels did not differ between day and night sets. Albatrosses were caught closer to the islands than white-chinned petrels. Most white-chinned petrel carcasses were hooked in their wings and bodies, whereas albatrosses were caught most frequently in their bills and contained large numbers of baits. Rates of seabird bycatch in the sanctioned fishery decreased from 0.19 birds per 1000 hooks to 0.034 birds per 1000 hooks during the time of this study. This was probably mainly due to stricter implementation of mitigation measures and a progressive movement farther away from the islands over the years. We estimate that the combined impact of legal and IUU longline fishing around the Prince Edward Islands over the past four years could have resulted in between 7000 and 17 000 seabird mortalities and could have had significant impacts on the breeding populations of several seabird species breeding on the Prince Edward Islands. This was mainly due to high levels of IUU fishing during 1996/97.
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Ichim, I., M. Swain, and J. A. Kieser. "Mandibular Biomechanics and Development of the Human Chin." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 7 (July 2006): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500711.

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The development of the chin, a feature unique to humans, suggests a close functional linkage between jaw biomechanics and symphyseal architecture. The present study tests the hypothesis that the presence of a chin changes strain patterns in the loaded mandible. Using an anatomically correct 3-D model of a dentate mandible derived from a CT scan image, we analyzed strain patterns during incisal and molar biting. We then constructed a second mandible, without a chin, by ‘defeaturing’ the first model. Strain patterns of the second model were then compared and contrasted to the first. Our main finding was that chinned and non-chinned mandibles follow closely concordant patterns of strain distribution. The results suggest that the development of the human chin is unrelated to the demands placed on the mandible during function.
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Adarsh, C. K., and P. O. Nameer. "A preliminary checklist of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 4 (April 26, 2016): 8703. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2740.8.4.8703-8713.

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A preliminary study was conducted to document spider diversity in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki District, Kerala State in southern India. The study was conducted from October to November 2012. A total of 101 species of spiders belonging to 65 genera from 29 families were identified from the sanctuary. This accounted for 6.98% of Indian spider species, 17.81% of Indian spider genera and 48.33% of the spider families of India. The dominant families were Lycosidae (11 species) and Araneidae (10). Two endemic genera of Indian spiders such as Annandaliella and Neoheterophrictus were found at Chinnar, each representing one species each, and belonging to the family Theraphosidae. A guild structure analysis of the spiders revealed seven feeding guilds such as orb weavers, stalkers, ground runners, foliage runners, sheet web builders, space web builders and ambushers.
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Khoth, Nivesh, Sanjay Singh, R. Shiv Ramakrishnan, GK Koutu, Radheshyam Sharma, Ashish Kumar, Nidhi Pathak, et al. "Genetic evaluation of farmer's rice varieties for physiological and yield attributing responses exploiting principal component analysis." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.5.

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An experiment was conducted on 30 farmer's rice varieties collected from different districts of Madhya Pradesh to identify the genetic components contributing to phenophasic development, physiological, yield attributes and biochemical traits. Principal component analysis was performed to rank the farmer's varieties based on PC scores acquired as per the trait studied. Out of twenty-six traits, only five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 Eigen value and showed 85.80% of total cumulative variability. The PC1 showed 58.55%, while PC 2, PC 3, PC 4 and PC 5, exhibited 10.29%, 7.03%, 5.23% and 4.69% variability, respectively. The PC 1 reported the highest variability, which was associated with physiological and yield related traits. The PC 2 was dominated by biochemical traits, while PC3 was mostly dominated for yield traits. The PC 4 was dominated by physiological traits, and PC5 for phenological and yield-related traits. Farmer's variety Pandu was superior for Chlorophyll content index (38.27), total dry matter production (38.15 g plant-1), Leaf area index (4.09), Leaf area duration (17982 cm2 days) and crop growth rate (0.00282 g m-2 day-1). PCA revealed that genotype Pandu (7.224) acquired highest PC score followed by Raibua (5.364), Bahurupi (5.103) and Chinnor 1 (4.750) respectively. Farmers varieties Pandu, Chhindikapoor, Bahurupi, Sitha Chandan, Chinnor 2, Chinnor 1 and ChhotaSathiya were contributed their presence in maximum PCs of this investigation. The identified lines will be utilized in the rice breeding programme to develop improved rice varieties for high yield and maximum physiological efficiency.
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Huin, N. "Diving Depths of White-Chinned Petrels." Condor 96, no. 4 (November 1994): 1111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369125.

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Blankson, Emmanuel R., Patricia Nakie Tetteh, Prince Oppong, and Francis Gbogbo. "Microplastics prevalence in water, sediment and two economically important species of fish in an urban riverine system in Ghana." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): e0263196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263196.

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Urban riverine systems serve as conduits for the transport of plastic waste from the terrestrial dumpsites to marine repositories. This study presented data on the occurrence of microplastics in water, sediment, Bagrid Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) and Black-chinned Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) from the Densu River, an urban riverine system in Ghana. Microplastics were extracted from the samples collected from both the lentic and lotic sections of the river. The results indicated widespread pollution of the Densu River with microplastics in all the compartments studied. The average numbers of microplastic particles deposited in the Dam (2.0 ± 0.58) and Delta (2.50 ± 0.48) sections of the river were not affected by the differences in their hydrology. However, the stagnant water system of the Dam promoted the floating of larger-sized microplastics while the flowing waters of the Delta did not show any selectivity in the deposition of microplastics between sediment and the water column. The number of microplastics ingestions by the Bagrid Catfish (2.88 ± 2.11) was similar to the Black-chinned Tilapia (2.38 ± 1.66) but both species ingested lower numbers of microplastics than reported for marine fish species in coastal Ghana.
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Fuentes-Castillo, Danny, Armando Cicchino, Sergey Mironov, Lucila Moreno, Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque, Carlos Barrientos, and Daniel González-Acuña. "Ectoparasites of the black-chinned siskin Spinus barbatus (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) in Chile." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 25, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612016079.

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Abstract Despite being a bird with a broad and extensive distribution in Chile, the black-chinned siskin, Spinus barbatus Molina, 1782 is not well studied in relation to its parasites. This paper aims to describe the ectoparasite fauna of S. barbatus in central and southern Chile. A total of 125 individuals caught with mist nets were examined alive; a total of 22 parasites were found dead and were exposed to parasit autopsy. The extracted parasites were preserved in 70% alcohol for subsequent mounting and identification. Ectoparasites were found in 56 black-chinned siskins (38%); 48 of them (33%) had 870 mites – 680 feather mites (Astigmata: Analgoidea) were identified as Proctophyllodes spini, 167 as Knemidokoptes jamaicensis, 19 as Strelkoviacarus critesi, and one as Analges passerinus. Moreover, three mites were chiggers belonging to the tribe Schoengastiini (Prostigmata: Trombiculidae). In 21 birds (14%), 54 lice were found, 21 of which were identified as Philopterus roehreri, 18 as Myrsidea serini, and 15 as Ricinus carolynae. Endoparasites were not found in the necropsied individuals. All of the parasites that were found represent new records for Chile, and they also serve as new records of host–parasite associations for S. barbatus.
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Pytte, Carolyn, and Millicent Sigler Ficken. "Aerial Display Sounds of the Black-Chinned Hummingbird." Condor 96, no. 4 (November 1994): 1088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369118.

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Rusch, Kathryn M., Carolyn L. Pytte, and Millicent S. Ficken. "Organization of Agonistic Vocalizations in Black-Chinned Hummingbirds." Condor 98, no. 3 (August 1996): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369568.

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Lyons, Krista. "Depredation of Black-chinned Hummingbird Nestlings by Yellowjackets." Western Birds 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21199/wb49.4.6.

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Medeiros, Aline Weber, Derek Blaese Amorim, Maurício Tavares, Tiane Martin de Moura, Ana Claudia Franco, Pedro Alves d’Azevedo, Jeverson Frazzon, and Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon. "Enterococcus species diversity in fecal samples of wild marine species as determined by real-time PCR." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 2 (February 2017): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0427.

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Analyses using culture-independent molecular techniques have improved our understanding of microbial composition. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify enterococci in fecal samples of wild marine species using real-time quantitative PCR. Seven Enterococcus species were examined in fecal DNA of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), Subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis), green turtles (Chelonia mydas), Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), snowy-crowned tern (Sterna trudeaui), white-backed stilt (Himantopus melanurus), white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis), red knot (Calidris canutus), and black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris). All Enterococcus species evaluated were detected in all fecal samples of wild marine species, with a concentration ranging between 106 and 1012 copies/ng of total DNA. Differences in the enterococci distribution were observed. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus mundtii were most abundant in marine mammals. Enterococcus faecalis was frequent in green turtle, Magellanic penguin, snowy-crowned tern, red knot, and black-browed albatross. Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus gallinarum showed elevated occurrence in white-backed stilt, and Enterococcus faecium in white-chinned petrel. This study showed highest diversity of enterococci in feces of wild marine species than currently available data, and reinforced the use of culture-independent analysis to help us to enhance our understanding of enterococci in gastrointestinal tracts of wild marine species.
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Apenuvor, Theophilus, John Blay, Joseph Aggreyfynn, and Simon Drafor. "Effect of Different Doses of 17 Α -Methyltestosterone on Masculinization, Pre-Post Treatment Growth Parameters and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon Melanotheron in Pond System." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 74 (November 13, 2021): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.74.56.62.

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Over-population and stunted growth had been major challenges in the culture of tilapia. The use of synthetic androgen 17- α Methyl Testosterone (MT) was a breakthrough. However, its optimum level towards effective masculinization and growth is a concern. The aim of this research was to ascertain the optimum level of MT towards effective all-male population production and growth of Black-Chinned tilapia. In the present study, the effect of different dose rates of synthetic androgen 17-α Methyl Testosterone (MT) i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of the hormone per kg of feed on sex, growth, and condition of Black-Chinned tilapia was evaluated. MT was administered orally by using powdered dry starter feed (Crude Protein 40 %) and Ethanol. The fry was fed for 30 days in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, the sex ratios were determined by examining the operculum coloration as a means of sex identification. Growth performance was monitored by measuring and recording the morphometric characteristics. Bodyweight and total length of the fish on the start of feeding, end of feeding (one month sex reversal period), and two months after feeding were measured. The results of the present study showed that all MT receiving treatment showed a significantly higher male proportion than the control (0 mg MT/kg feed individuals). In all MT treatments groups, the control expects the 30 mg MT/kg in feed individuals’ deviate significantly from the normal 1:1 sex ratio (Chi-square analysis). The dose rate of 120 mg MT /kg feed resulted in the maximum male population (92.7%). Hence, for an effective high percentage of all-male population production in Black-Chinned tilapia, 120 mg MT /kg in feed is recommended. In terms of growth and condition factor, all the individual treatments, as well as the control, showed no significant difference. All the treated individuals showed similar condition factors during the pre and post-treatment, however, the individuals treated with 30 mg MT /kg feed exhibited better condition during the pre-treatment than the post-treatment period. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen recorded in this study were within the desirable limit for tilapia.
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Laich, Agustina Gómez, and Marco Favero. "Spatio-temporal variation in mortality rates of White-chinned Petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis interacting with longliners in the south-west Atlantic." Bird Conservation International 17, no. 4 (December 2007): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270907000895.

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AbstractThe White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis is the second most commonly captured species by Argentinean longliners. The severe declines that this species has experienced in some of its populations (e.g. South Georgia Islands) have been principally attributed to incidental mortality associated with longliners. In this study we analyse the spatio-temporal variability in the mortality rates of White-chinned Petrels on the Patagonian Shelf and the effects that environmental and operational variability have on such mortality. The average capture rate (± 1 SD) for the period 1999–2003 was 0.014 ± 0.090 White-chinned Petrels for every 1,000 hooks deployed. Higher capture rates were observed when short longlines were deployed. Capture rates were not affected by the wind speed or by the time to the full moon. The distribution of the captures differed throughout the year. During autumn–winter most captures took place in the north of the Patagonian Shelf, whereas during spring–summer incidental captures occurred principally to the south between 45°S and 50°S.ResumoEl Petrel Barba Blanca Procellaria aequinoctialis constituye la segunda especie más frecuentemente capturada por la flota palangrera Argentina. Los importantes decrecimientos poblacionales observados en algunas poblaciones de esta especie (e.g. Islas Georgias del Sur) han sido principalmente atribuidos a la mortalidad incidental asociada a embarcaciones palangreras. En este trabajo se analizó la variación espacio- temporal en las tasas de captura incidental del Petrel Barba Blanca a lo largo de la Plataforma Continental Argentina y se estudió el efecto que diferentes variables ambientales y operacionales tienen sobre la mortalidad incidental de esta especie. La tasa de captura promedio (± d.s) durante el periodo 1999–2003 fue de 0.014 ± 0.090 Petreles Barba Blanca cada 1.000 anzuelos. Mayores tasas de captura fueron registradas al utilizar palangres cortos. No se observó un efecto de la intensidad del viento ni de la distancia a la luna llena sobre las tasas de captura. La distribución de las capturas difirió a lo largo del aão. Durante el otoão-invierno la mayoría de las capturas estuvieron localizadas al norte de la Plataforma Continental Argentina, mientras que durante los meses de primavera-verano las capturas estuvieron localizadas principalmente entre los 45°S y 50°S.
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Khan, Mohammad Imran, Uttam Bisen, S. Sarvade, Kamleshwar Gautam, Sharad Bisen, S. K. Rai, and Atul Shrivastava. "Study on Adoption of Chinnor Rice Production Technology and Constraints Faced by Farmers of Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2257.

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The Study was conducted during 2019–20 to find out the adoption of Chinnor rice production technology by farming communities of the Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Farmers of an area were aware about technology invented by scientists of College of Agriculture, Balaghat. Adoption of interventions involved in given technology varied from 64–100%. Majority of the respondents respond to mixing of vermi-compost and other cakes in soil (77.72%), seed rate @ 20–25 kg ha-1 (69.40%), 2–3 times of ploughing (64.51%), recommended plant spacing (75.00%), organic manures for nutrient management (88.47%), mechanical method of weed control (94.96%), try biological control insect-pest (96.33%), manual harvesting as well as bagging method of storage (98.00%). Data indicates that the lodging of the crop due to height was the major constraint in their adoption and it ranks Ist as 68.33% respondents reported the problem of lodging. Long duration required for maturity of the Chinnor than other rice varieties was another limiting factor, ranked IInd with 61.67% farmers’ response, whereas less availability and high cost of pure seed of variety ranked IIIrd with 54.33% farmers’ response. Majority of respondents (36.33%) communicate with the scientists of the college and other institutions. With some improvements in qualitative parameters of the crop, adoption by farmers and yield of the crop will increase.
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37

Baltosser, William H. "Annual Molt in Ruby-Throated and Black-Chinned Hummingbirds." Condor 97, no. 2 (May 1995): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369034.

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38

Mareile Techow, N. M. S., Peter G. Ryan, and Colleen O’Ryan. "Phylogeography and taxonomy of White-chinned and Spectacled Petrels." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52, no. 1 (July 2009): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.004.

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39

Rexer-Huber, Kalinka, Graham C. Parker, Paul M. Sagar, and David R. Thompson. "White-chinned petrel population estimate, Disappointment Island (Auckland Islands)." Polar Biology 40, no. 5 (September 2, 2016): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-2031-x.

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40

Feldman, R. E., and B. J. McGill. "How competitive trade-offs limit elevation ranges for temperate-breeding hummingbirds." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 10 (October 2013): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0110.

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One intriguing hypothesis about range limits of species along environmental gradients is that interspecific interference competition limits the activity of the better exploitation competitor. The hypothesis works if the costs of interference and (or) exploitation vary along the gradient. However, in some systems, species turnover happens over gradients that may be too short to induce changes in costs associated with competition. An example is breeding Black-chinned Hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier and Mulsant, 1846)) and Broad-tailed Hummingbirds (Selasphorus platycercus (Swainson, 1827)) in western Colorado, USA, where turnover happens over ∼400 m. We recorded foraging and chasing activity of the two species at feeders and found that their foraging activity changed with elevation but interspecific competition did not. Because the foraging activity of the two species changed inversely with each other, it may be the presence of Black-chinned Hummingbirds rather than active interference that limits the activity of Broad-tailed Hummingbirds. Importantly, the relationship between foraging activity and elevation depended on the distance between the two feeders, which shows that relationships with elevation are contingent on other factors such as spatial distribution of resources. Our results suggest that interspecific differences in flight performance are not manifested over the short elevation gradient and do not account for changes in activity. Flight performance may indirectly affect patterns in breeding-season activity by influencing how species interact with other competitors during the nonbreeding season.
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41

KWON UENGSANG. "The Placeness of ZhuantaHutong and BensiHutong in Chinnese Performing arts History." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature ll, no. 82 (December 2019): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15792/clsyn..82.201912.35.

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42

Thomas, Kiran, and P. O. Nameer. "Characterisation of breeding habitat of Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura (Mammalia: Sciuridae) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 18993–9001. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7371.13.8.18993-19001.

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The Grizzled Giant Squirrel (GGS) Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769) is a ‘Near Threatened’ and endemic giant squirrel distributed in southern India and Sri Lanka. In India, the species is distributed in more than 10 locations between Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka in the north and Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu in the south. A study was conducted in the riparian habitats of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala to understand the habitat characteristics, including the drey site use of GGS. The vegetation of the GGS habitat was studied using the quadrat method, and the dreys were counted using the transects. A total of 95 species of trees were identified from the riverine vegetation, and the GGS used 36 species of trees for drey construction. Most of the dreys were found on Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Ficus microcarpa, Diospyros ebenum, and Pongamia pinnata. However, the GGS may prefer trees such as Mitragyna parviflora, Diospyros ebenum, Ficus microcarpa, Albizia procera, Acacia nilotica, and Acacia leucophloea for drey construction. The study also highlights the usage of large trees with extensive crown by the GGS for various activities such as feeding, resting, moving, and nesting, thus signifying the necessity for protecting the remaining riverine habitat at Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary to ensure the long-term conservation of GGS. We recommend an urgent restoration by restocking with already existing, native tree species of the riverine habitat due to the extremely poor regeneration of trees in the riverine habitat that support the only population of the GGS in Kerala.
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43

Mills, Michael S. L., and H. Dieter Oschadleus. "Black-chinned Weaver Ploceus nigrimentus in Angola, and its nest." Bulletin of the African Bird Club 20, no. 1 (2013): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.309995.

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44

Ridoux, Vincent. "Feeding association between seabirds and killer whales, Orcinus orca, around subantarctic Crozet Islands." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 2113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-324.

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Twenty-nine observations of killer whale (Orcinus orca) pods and associated bird flocks were made from March 1982 to February 1983 from the coast of Possession Island (Crozet Archipelago). Coastal foraging birds, such as giant petrels (Macronectes sp.), Cape pigeon (Daption capense), and kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), are more often associated with feeding pods than with nonfeeding ones, while pelagic species like the white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) may deliberately follow the whales and wait for floating offal. The black-browed albatross (Diomedea melanophrys), which is somewhat intermediate between coastal and pelagic birds, shows components of both strategies.
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45

Turner, Alan H. "New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Based on a symposium held in Drumheller, Alberta, 22–24 September 2007. Edited by Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and David A. Eberth; Editorial Assistant: Patricia E. Ralrick. Bloomington (Indiana): Indiana University Press. $110.00. xxiii + 624 p. + 8 pl.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-253-35358-0. [CD-ROM Supplement included.] 2010." Quarterly Review of Biology 86, no. 4 (December 2011): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/662512.

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46

Paul, Pijush K., Mark D. Zoback, and Peter H. Hennings. "Fluid Flow in a Fractured Reservoir Using a Geomechanically Constrained Fault-Zone-Damage Model for Reservoir Simulation." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 12, no. 04 (July 6, 2009): 562–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/110542-pa.

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Summary Secondary fractures and faults associated with reservoir-scale faults affect both permeability and permeability anisotropy and hence play an important role in controlling the production behavior of a faulted reservoir. It is well known from geologic studies that there is a concentration of secondary fractures and faults in damage zones adjacent to large faults. Because there are usually inadequate data to fully incorporate damage-zone fractures and faults into reservoir-simulation models, this study uses the principles of dynamic rupture propagation from earthquake seismology to predict the nature of fractured/damage zones associated with reservoir-scale faults. We include geomechanical constraints in our reservoir model and propose a generalized workflow to incorporate damage zones into reservoir-simulation models more routinely. The model we propose calculates the extent of the damage zone along the fault plane by estimating the volume of rock brought to failure by the stress perturbation associated with dynamic-rupture propagation. We apply this method to a real reservoir using both field- and well-scale observations. At the rupture front, damage intensity gradually decreases as we move away from the rupture front or fault plane. In the studied reservoir, the secondary-failure planes in the damage zone are high-angle normal faults striking subparallel to the parent fault, which may affect the permeability of the reservoir in both horizontal and vertical directions. We calibrate our modeling with both outcrop and well observations from a number of studies. We show that dynamic-rupture propagation gives a reasonable first-order approximation of damage zones in terms of permeability and permeability anisotropy in order to be incorporated into reservoir simulators. Introduction Fractures and faults in reservoirs present both problems and opportunities for exploration and production. The heterogeneity and complexity of fluid-flow paths in fractured rocks make it difficult to predict how to produce a fractured reservoir optimally. It is usually not possible to fully define the geometry of the fractures and faults controlling flow, and it is difficult to integrate data from markedly different scales (i.e., seismic, well log, core) into reservoir-simulation models. A number of studies in hydrogeology and the petroleum industry have dealt with modeling fractured reservoirs (Martel and Peterson 1991; Lee et al. 2001; Long and Billaux 1987; Gringarten 1996; Matthäi et al. 2007). Various methodologies, both deterministic and stochastic, have been developed to model the effects of reservoir heterogeneity on hydrocarbon flow and recovery. The work by Smart et al. (2001), Oda (1985, 1986), Maerten et al. (2002), Bourne and Willemse (2001), and Brown and Bruhn (1998) quantifies the stress sensitivity of fractured reservoirs. Several studies (Barton et al. 1995; Townend and Zoback 2000; Wiprut and Zoback 2000) that include fracture characterizations from wellbore images and fluid conductivity from the temperature and the production logs indicate fluid flow from critically stressed fractures. Additional studies emphasize the importance and challenges of coupling geomechanics in reservoir fluid flow (Chen and Teufel 2000; Couples et al. 2003; Bourne et al. 2000). These studies found that a variety of geomechanical factors may be very significant in some of the fractured reservoirs. Secondary fractures and faults associated with large-scale faults also appear to be quite important in controlling the permeability of some reservoirs. Densely concentrated secondary fractures and faults near large faults are often referred to as damage zones, which are created at various stages of fault evolution: before faulting (Aydin and Johnson 1978; Lyakhovsky et al. 1997; Nanjo et al. 2005), during fault growth (Chinnery 1966; Cowie and Scholz 1992; Anders and Wiltschko 1994; Vermily and Scholz 1998; Pollard and Segall 1987; Reches and Lockner 1994), and during the earthquake slip events (Freund 1974; Suppe 1984; Chester and Logan 1986) along the existing faults. Lockner et al. (1992) and Vermilye and Scholz (1998) show that the damage zones from the prefaulting stage are very narrow and can be ignored for reservoir-scale faults. The damage zone formed during fault growth can be modeled using dynamic rupture propagation along a fault plane (Madariaga 1976; Kostov 1964; Virieux and Madariaga 1982; Harris and Day 1997). Damage zones caused by slip on existing faults are important, especially when faults are active in present-day stress conditions because slip creates splay fractures at the tips of the fault and extends the damage zone created during the fault-growth stage (Collettini and Sibson 2001; Faulkner et al. 2006; Lockner and Byerlee 1993; Davatzes and Aydin 2003; Myers and Aydin 2004). In this paper, we first introduce a reservoir in which there appears to be significant permeability anisotropy associated with flow parallel to large reservoir-scale faults. Next, we build a geomechanical model of the field and then discuss the relationship between fluid flow and geomechanics at well-scale fracture and fault systems. To consider what happens in the reservoir at larger scale, we use dynamic rupture modeling to theoretically predict the size and extent of damage zones associated with the reservoir-scale faults.
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47

Tennyson, Alan James Drummond, and Barbara Mizumo Tomotani. "A new fossil species of Procellaria (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Pliocene of New Zealand." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (January 29, 2021): e20216116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.16.

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We describe a new Procellaria petrel species from the late Pliocene of Taranaki, New Zealand. The new species is most similar morphologically to the White-Chinned Petrel (P. aequinoctialis), Spectacled Petrel (P. conspicillata) and the Westland Petrel (P. westlandica). Compared with those taxa, the new species has a deeper and shorter premaxilla, longer coracoid and shorter wings, while its legs are a similar size. Today, New Zealand is the centre of global diversity of the genus, with four breeding species. This is the first fossil species of Procellaria to be described from New Zealand, attesting to a reasonably long history of this genus in the region.
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48

Murillo-Pacheco, Johanna I., and Wilian F. Bonilla-Rojas. "New records and distribution extensions of some bird species in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco, department of Meta." Check List 12, no. 2 (April 27, 2016): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1876.

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Here we present new records for four bird species to the Andean foothills of the department of Meta in Colombia, and we confirm the occurrence and document range extensions for these in the basin of the Orinoco river. These species are the Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus 1758), the Yellow-chinned Spinetail, Certhiaxis cinnamomeus (Gmelin 1788), the Yellow-browed Tyrant, Satrapa icterophrys (Viellot 1818), and the Glossy Ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus 1766). We also report new sightings of the Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert 1783), Least Grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus 1766), Oilbird, Steatornis caripensis (Humboldt 1817) and Epaulet Oriole, Icterus cayanensis (Linnaeus 1766) in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco (Meta department).
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Dewanti, Retno, Tjia Fie Chu, and Steven Wibisono. "The Influence of Experiential Marketing, Emotional Branding, Brand Trust Towards Brand Loyalty." Binus Business Review 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2011): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v2i2.1253.

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The restaurant business in jakarta showed rapidly increased. Marketing today as the compete of brand strategy and experiental marketing on the competitive situation. The Jun Jan Kitchen is a new restaurant specialized on Chinnese Food, urgent to know the brand loyalty. The Aim research is to measured the influence of Experiental marketing, emotional branding and brand trust towards brand loyalty. Research method used descriptif, data collecting technique with questioner and observation. Statistic tools using path analysis to looking for contribution level on each variabel towards other. Population this research is customer Jun Jan Kitchen. Sampling technique using accidental sampling. Amount of sample is 100 customers. Result of this research is experiental marketing giving the significant influence towards brand trust whereas Emotional branding giving the significant influence towards brand loyalty.
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Rodríguez-Robles, Javier A., Manuel Leal, and Jonathan B. Losos. "Habitat selection by the Puerto Rican yellow-chinned anole, Anolis gundlachi." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-082.

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Habitat selection can directly affect the fitness of an individual and the evolutionary dynamics of the population to which that organism belongs. We studied habitat use of the Puerto Rican yellow-chinned anole (Anolis gundlachi Peters, 1876) to examine whether this arboreal lizard uses its environment in a nonrandom manner. Males and females preferred woody vegetation substrates over nonwoody plants and sierra palms (Prestoea acuminata var. montana (Graham) A. Henderson and G. Galeano) as perching sites, and they also selected wider vegetation than what was randomly available. Selection for minimizing conspicuousness to potential predators and for increased locomotion capacity may help explain the preference for woody substrates and broader surfaces, respectively. Anolis gundlachi relies almost exclusively on visual cues for foraging and social interactions, and using wider perches also increases an individual's ability to scan a larger proportion of its territory. Our findings thus indicate that the nonrandom habitat use of free-ranging A. gundlachi leads to the selection of perching substrates that may increase performance of ecologically relevant capabilities.
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