Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese Western Australia Societies'
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1
Baer, Hans A. "The Drive for Legitimation in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture in Australia: Successes and Dilemmas." Complementary health practice review 12, no. 2 (April 2007): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533210107302933.
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This article examines the drive for legitimation on the part of Chinese medicine and more specifically acupuncture in Australia. It examines the development of Chinese medicine in Australia, the road to statutory registration of Chinese medicine in Victoria, and the niche of Chinese medicine within the context of the Australian plural medical system. Despite the opposition of organized medicine, the Victorian Parliament passed the Chinese Medicine Registration Act in May 2000, making Victoria the only Australian political jurisdiction to formally regulate Chinese medicine practitioners and acupuncturists. The legal status of Chinese medicine and acupuncture outside of Victoria resembles that of naturopathy and other natural therapies, such as Western herbalism and homeopathy, none of which has achieved statutory registration in any Australian jurisdiction. Chinese medicine has a distinct identity within the context of the Australian plural medical system. Conversely, acupuncture, as one of the modalities of Chinese medicine—and in Western societies its principal modality—has been incorporated into various other heterodox medical subsystems, particularly chiropractic, osteopathy, and naturopathy, as well as conventional systems, such as biomedicine and physiotherapy.
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Weber, Karin, Beverley Sparks, and Cathy H. C. Hsu. "Moving beyond the Western versus Asian culture distinction." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29, no. 6 (June 12, 2017): 1703–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2015-0679.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze the joint effects of where a service failure occurs and who witnesses it, with a specific focus on Chinese consumers who have varying levels of acculturation. Design/methodology/approach A 4 × 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design was used, where social presence and the location of the service failure were manipulated and acculturation was measured. Data were collected in Australia and China to contrast perceptions and behavioral responses of Chinese – Australians and Mainland Chinese by drawing on samples of 224 and 264 respondents, respectively. Findings Results showed significant differences in face, satisfaction and repeat purchase intention ratings following a service failure between Chinese – Australians and Mainland Chinese, as well as among Chinese – Australians with different acculturation strategies. Contrary to expectations, results established that where and with whom a service failure is experienced prominently affect consumer behavior regardless of the acculturation level. Practical implications An understanding of the effect of acculturation on a service failure situation is crucial for businesses to successfully compete in a continuously globalized world where migration produces multicultural societies and short-term travel tends to significantly change demands on service provision. Originality/value This research presents one of the first studies that go beyond the traditional East/West consumer distinction in studying service failure. This study analyzes the effect of acculturation by itself and together with other variables of interest.
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Hsieh, Jasper Kun-Ting. "An Ethnography of Taiwanese International Students’ Identity Movements." Journal of International Students 10, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 836–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i4.1065.
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Many studies focus on Chinese-speaking international students’ adaptation issues inside and outside educational settings in the West. A strong emphasis has been placed on identifying Chinese-speaking international students’ problems and solving them through educational programs, pedagogies, and curricula. This emphasis categorizes these students as a cohort that have issues learning and living in Western societies, a categorization that ignores identity as complex and context-dependent. Drawing on a Bourdieuian poststructuralist perspective, this 18-month-long study documented the experiences of nine Taiwanese international students at different Australian universities before, during, and after their 1-year postgraduate education in Australia. This study compared their experiences and highlighted the complexity of identity movements. The findings present habitus modification and habitus improvisation, two notions developed from a Bourdieuian perspective. In conclusion, this study encourages reassessment of the standard notions of adaptation and prompts further exploration of how international students use their overseas experiences in the home context.
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Chiang, Fu-Ming, Ying-Wei Wang, and Jyh-Gang Hsieh. "How Acculturation Influences Attitudes about Advance Care Planning and End-of-Life Care among Chinese Living in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Australia." Healthcare 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111477.
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Background: Understanding attitudes towards life and death issues in different cultures is critical in end-of-life care and the uptake of advance care planning (ACP) in different countries. However, existing research suffers from a lack of cross-cultural comparisons among countries. By conducting this comparative study, we hope to achieve a clear understanding of the linkages and differences among healthcare cultures in different Chinese societies, which may serve as a reference for promoting ACP by considering cultural differences. Methods: Our researchers recruited Chinese adults who could communicate in Mandarin and lived in metropolitan areas in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Australia. Focus group interviews were conducted, and the interview contents were recorded and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Between June and July 2017, 14 focus groups with 111 participants were conducted in four regions. With traditional Chinese attitudes towards death as a taboo, many participants felt it would be challenging to discuss ACP with elderly family members. Most participants also desire to avoid suffering for the self and family members. Although the four regions’ participants shared a similar Chinese cultural context, significant regional differences were found in the occasions at which participants would engage in end-of-life discussions and select settings for end-of-life care. By contrast, participants from Singapore and Australia exhibited more open attitudes. Most participants from Taiwan and Hong Kong showed a preference for end-of-life care at a hospital. Conclusions: The developmental experiences of ACP in Western countries, which place a strong emphasis on individual autonomy, cannot be directly applied to family-centric Asian ones. Healthcare professionals in Asian societies should make continuous efforts to communicate patient status to patients and their family members to ensure family involvement in decision-making processes.
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Back, Angela. "“The Joy Luck Club” and guidance for Chinese young people in Australian Schools." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 4 (November 1994): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100001953.
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“The Joy Luck Club” by Amy Tan, focuses upon some of the issues which are on-going concerns for Chinese students from a variety of Chinese countries when living in Western societies. Amy Tan would probably agree with Hsien Rin (1975) that “the Chinese have a remarkable capacity to incorporate other cultural components into the self and to formulate a double identity, all the while maintaining a deep sense of being Chinese” (p.155). Her characters certainly incorporate many of the American values and take on its protective colouring. The novel traces the way four sets of daughters – all Western women, professionals, born in America – are forced to explore their Chineseness through their relationships with their mothers. Amy Tan's quartet of American-born women are glimpsed as teenagers reacting against the ‘otherness’ which their ethnic background has loaded them with, struggling to find an identity for themselves apart from their families' (and particularly their mothers') views of what being a good daughter involves. It is only later, as they face up to some of the insecurities of adulthood, that they appreciate the strengths of Chinese family life and explore what it means to be Chinese.
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Ho (何式怡), Elsie Seckyee, and Lan-hung Nora Chiang (姜蘭虹). "Translocal Families: The Challenges of Practicing Filial Piety through Transnational Parental Care (台灣澳洲移民為盡孝道而跨國照顧年長父母的挑戰)." Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 10, no. 2 (October 20, 2016): 232–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-01002004.
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The values of filial piety have strongly influenced the care of older people in traditional Chinese societies. Changes in family structure and relationships have occurred and in recent decades, transnational migration has become a factor in how filial piety is perceived and practiced in contemporary translocal Chinese families. Through the use of in-depth interviews, this pilot study explores transnational family patterns, elder care practices, attitudes towards filial piety, and opinions of the medical systems in Taiwan and Australia among 14 Taiwanese families who have lived in Australia for over 20 years. The study finds that despite immigration, filial piety remains an important value for these families. Most participants have/had provided care to their aged parents at the site of immigration and back home, and some of these parents were immigrants who had returned to Taiwan in their old age. Participants generally felt that older people are better looked after in Taiwan than in Australia, as Taiwan has a better healthcare system, and hired caregivers are more readily available. Elders’ expectations of filial piety from their children varied among participants, but all were prepared for a weakening of filiality and ongoing changes in intergenerational relations while living in a Western country. 傳統中國社會的老人照顧，受到孝道價值觀的影響很深。因為家庭結構及成員關係的改變，特別是近三十年來移民國外人口的增加，對當代華人家庭對孝道的認知與實踐產生了新的影響。本研究透過深入訪談居住澳洲二十年以上的台灣移民，探索跨國家庭類型、照顧年長父母的方式、對孝道的看法，以及台灣及澳洲兩地醫療體系的差異。研究發現雖然移民海外，盡孝道仍是重要的家庭價值。大部分的受訪者都曾為長者提供資源或參與照顧，無論是在澳洲或在台灣。年長父母也曾經在成年子女居住澳洲期間前往探視、短期逗留或移民。他們大部分都已回流台灣，原因是在台灣的年長者會得到較好的照顧，台灣的健保制度較適合年長者的需要，而且可以僱用外傭幫忙。已定居澳洲的台灣移民，對孝道的看法雖有差異，但對自己的成年子女是否能在環境不同的西方國家盡孝道，均有所保留。 (This article is in English.)
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White, Michael. "Agricultural societies in colonial Western Australia 1831-70." History of Education 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2000): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/004676000284463.
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Hiew, Danika N., W. Kim Halford, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, and Shuang Liu. "Relationship Standards and Satisfaction in Chinese, Western, and Intercultural Chinese–Western Couples in Australia." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 46, no. 5 (April 13, 2015): 684–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022115579936.
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Johnstone, R. M., and F. Shan. "Chinese jujube industry takes root in Western Australia." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1116 (April 2016): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1116.5.
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Rui, Yang. "Long Road Ahead: Modernizing Chinese Universities." International Higher Education, no. 77 (September 1, 2014): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.77.5680.
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Modern universities are a Western concept. For non-Western societies, indigenizing the Western university model has been an arduous task. This article first analyses China’s long traditions of higher learning. It then illustrates how such markedly different cultural roots have led to continuous conflicts between traditional Chinese and new Western ideas of the university - and of “modernity” itself. It argues that contemporary Chinese universities need to find their Chinese way to balance indigenous and Western ideas of the university.
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Kwan, Kwong-Liem Karl. "Collectivistic Conflict of Chinese in Counseling." Counseling Psychologist 37, no. 7 (September 11, 2009): 967–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000009339974.
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Rapid Westernization and modernization in most Chinese societies has triggered a process of acculturation to Western value orientations, which induced conflicts between Confucian-based collectivism and Western individualism at both the societal and individual levels. A review of research instruments indicated that a cultural conflict approach is often used when assessing the personality and psychological functioning of Chinese people within and outside the United States. In spite of the receptiveness toward Western influences, family and collectivistic orientation are Confucian virtues and remain dominant values that govern the interpersonal and normative relationships in Chinese societies. Within this cultural conflict context, the concept of collectivistic conflict is proposed to conceptualize the psychological adaptation and counseling concerns of the Chinese. The development of a compromising self and the reintegration of the indigenous coping mechanism of self-cultivation (i.e., striving to be a cultivated, cultured person) are postulated as therapeutic tasks when helping Chinese clients resolve collectivistic conflict.
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POŠKAITĖ, Loreta. "Filial Piety (xiao 孝) for the Contemporary and Global World." Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2014): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2014.2.1.99-114.
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The relationships between children and parents seem to be one of the most urgent issues in the contemporary world, spanning from the United States and European countries to East Asian societies, as a consequence of the transformation of traditional family ethics, values and institutions brought about by the processes of modernization and globalization. The present paper aims to reveal the ways and problems of the application of xiao 孝 (filial piety) ethics in the contemporary Western and Chinese societies, as reflected in the works by a number of famous Western Protestant missionaries, religious philosophers, sinologists and present-day Lithuanian Sinology students, and counterbalance their views with the insights of contemporary Chinese sociologists. The place of xiao in the contemporary inter-cultural dialogue will be discussed from the point of view of dialogue between religions, theory and practice, Western and Chinese culture, traditional and modern societies and values.
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Liu, Chuncheng. "Chinese Public’s Support for COVID-19 Surveillance in Relation to the West." Surveillance & Society 19, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i1.14542.
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Surveillance is never only about surveillance but is embedded in the broader social context, both domestically and internationally. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the surveillance practices of non-Western countries have often been analyzed from the perspective of the West, impacting domestic surveillance policymaking and public perception. However, we rarely know how Western societies’ surveillance practices and discourses may impact how people in non-Western societies understand their own domestic surveillance. Combining data from varied sources, this article examines domestic surveillance during COVID-19 in China and explores how Chinese residents perceive it, with a focus on perceptions that are in relation to the West.
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Zheng, Y., F. Rijsdijk, J. B. Pingault, R. J. McMahon, and J. B. Unger. "Developmental changes in genetic and environmental influences on Chinese child and adolescent anxiety and depression." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 9 (March 28, 2016): 1829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000313.
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BackgroundTwin and family studies using Western samples have established that child and adolescent anxiety and depression are under substantial genetic, modest shared environmental, and substantial non-shared environmental influences. Generalizability of these findings to non-Western societies remains largely unknown, particularly regarding the changes of genetic and environmental influences with age. The current study examined changes in genetic and environmental influences on self-reported anxiety and depression from late childhood to mid-adolescence among a Chinese twin sample. Sex differences were also examined.MethodSelf-reported anxiety and depression were collected from 712 10- to 12-year-old Chinese twins (mean = 10.88 years, 49% males) and again 3 years later. Quantitative genetic modeling was used to examine developmental changes in genetic and environmental influences on anxiety and depression, and sex differences.ResultsHeritability of anxiety and depression in late childhood (23 and 20%) decreased to negligible in mid-adolescence, while shared environmental influences increased (20 and 27% to 57 and 60%). Shared environmental factors explained most of the continuity of anxiety and depression (75 and 77%). Non-shared environmental factors were largely time-specific. No sex differences were observed.ConclusionsShared environmental influences might be more pronounced during the transition period of adolescence in non-Western societies such as China. Future research should examine similarities and differences in the genetic and environmental etiologies of child and adolescent internalizing and other psychopathology in development between Western and non-Western societies.
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Zhang, Xiaochen. "A Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Greetings from the Perspective of Politeness Principle." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 18, no. 4 (December 5, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v18.n4.p2.
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<p>A greeting is a common polite behaviour that also helps to build a relationship. Knowing the difference between Chinese and western greetings will help communicate better with foreigners in the future, and help Chinese and western cultures communicate better with each other. This paper looks at the differences in greetings between Chinese and western cultures and societies and explains why these differences exist based on economy, culture, and society. Furthermore, this paper also suggests that to achieve a better expression result, it is important to pay attention to these differences in communication.</p>
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Yarosh, O. A. "Islamic Sufism and "Non-Sufism" in Western Europe." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 37 (December 6, 2005): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2006.37.1707.
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Today, Islamic scholars are faced with a very interesting situation: while in traditional Islamic societies, Sufism has lost some of its significance compared to the nineteenth and the first third of the twentieth century. and in republican turkey, we are also witnessing a kind of expansion of the sufism of the pas west, especially to the countries of europe, usa, canada and australia. Interestingly, in European countries, traditionally professed by Islam, Sufi tirades are quite widespread. This applies in particular to Albania as well as to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and the like.
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Kalek, Sally, Anita S. Mak, and Nigar G. Khawaja. "Intergroup Relations and Muslims’ Mental Health in Western Societies: Australia as a Case Study." Journal of Muslim Mental Health 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2010): 160–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564908.2010.487722.
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Leung, Cynthia, and Wally Karnilowicz. "The adaptation of Chinese adolescents in two societies: A comparison of Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong and Australia." International Journal of Psychology 44, no. 3 (June 2009): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590701656150.
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Zeng, Jun, and Mengqiu Wang. "Chinese factors in the Routledge encyclopedia of narrative theory." Chinese Semiotic Studies 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 493–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2022-2078.
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Abstract The Routledge encyclopedia of narrative theory is the first encyclopedia of narrative theory in the world to reference the practices of the Chinese narrative tradition and theory. However, the editors have compiled the encyclopedia from the systemic perspective of their knowledge of contemporary Western narratology, focusing on the characteristic differences between contemporary Western narratology and the narrative theories of the so-called ancient non-Western societies. To help overcome this shortcoming, this paper introduces the Chinese narrative tradition from the standpoint of Sinology, attending to the oral/written and history/narrative dichotomies that represent the editors’ academic preferences; additionally, it also provides insights into the characteristics of the varied Chinese narrative theories recorded in the encyclopedia from the perspective of contemporary Western narrative theory, and highlights the Chinese contributions to the construction of the knowledge system of narrative theory.
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Hudik, Marek, and Eddy S. Fang. "Money or in-kind gift? Evidence from red packets in China." Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no. 5 (November 6, 2019): 731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137419000717.
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AbstractIn Western societies, in-kind gifts are generally more common than money gifts. However, exchange of in-kind gifts potentially involves inefficiency. Several models have been suggested to explain the in-kind gift-giving practice as a rational behaviour under certain assumptions about givers’ preferences and information and/or technological constraints. Unlike many Western societies, China has a long tradition of money gift-giving. So-called red packets are commonly exchanged. We argue that models developed to rationalise Western norms of gift-giving cannot fully account for Chinese gift-giving practices, and some Chinese practices even contradict existing theories. We collect Chinese household data through two surveys to establish stylised facts about gift-giving. We find that money gifts are commonly appropriate, depending on the occasion and relationship between givers and receivers. Moreover, for every occasion and relationship, money is more appropriate than gift vouchers. Finally, unlike studies focusing on Western gift-giving, our study finds no evidence that givers need to compensate receivers with higher value when giving money gifts rather than in-kind gifts. Our results are consistent with the view that the acceptability of money vis-à-vis in-kind gifts is governed primarily by social convention rather than information and technological constraints or the specific preferences of givers.
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Zhang, Weiwei. "No cultural revolution? Continuity and change in consumption patterns in contemporary China." Journal of Consumer Culture 17, no. 3 (October 18, 2015): 639–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540515611201.
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One globalization paradigm argues that developing countries will increasingly resemble Western societies. Although influenced by Western trends, I argue that global consumerism will not make most Chinese abandon traditional values and adopt a different and totally Western consumer culture. This article, which is based on empirical evidence, stresses the role of culture and how it affects people’s strategies toward economic decision-making. I explore the changing values before and after the opening up policy, and how they influenced consumption patterns in different eras. The Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) in China was a campaign designed to pursue a purer form of communism and led to a distinctive set of cultural values and ideologies, resulting in unique consumption patterns. “Status goods” during this period were based on a person’s “revolutionary background” and loyalty to Chairman Mao, rather than on individual consumption preferences. After the opening up policy, consumer behavior moved closer to the patterns found in Western capitalist societies, but the mechanisms that drive this consumption are quite different. Chinese traditional values were challenged but did not disappear, and the impact of the Cultural Revolution also had a profound influence on those who lived through it. Contemporary Chinese consumers selectively choose certain cultural values from a range of options in order to legitimize their spending decisions.
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Zhang, Ge, and Wilfred Yang Wang. "‘Property talk’ among Chinese Australians: WeChat and the production of diasporic space." Media International Australia 173, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19837669.
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This article examines the ways the Australian property market is addressed among Chinese migrants in Australia on and off WeChat, one of the most popular instant messenger apps installed on Smartphones. Specifically, we focus on how migrant media and real estate professionals’ narratives on real estate properties constitute and reproduce a transnational Chinese diasporic space between China and Australia. Although the latest wave of ‘property talk’ is relatively a new concept to the mainstream Australian societies due to the housing price boom since 2012, talking about land and property ownerships has always been integral part of Chinese diasporic culture. Yet, with the advent of digital media technologies, this cultural conversation is increasingly being delivered, processed and experienced through digital platforms such as that of WeChat. Drawing on observations on WeChat and interviews with Chinese media and real estate practitioners in Australia, we conceive that WeChat plays a vital role in forging and reproducing Chinese diasporic spaces in Australia by articulating the intersection of diasporic spatiality and mediasphere. We contend that WeChat’s affordances of the informational, interpersonal and instrumental have aided Chinese migrants and those Chinese real estate practitioners to co-constitute a social space of property talk that enables new social relations to be negotiated and social networks to be established and reinforced across China and Australia.
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Birch, Dawn, Kåre Skallerud, and Nicholas A. Paul. "Who are the future seaweed consumers in a Western society? Insights from Australia." British Food Journal 121, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2018-0189.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to profile the consumers who are likely to eat seaweed products in Australia. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted as an online survey among 521 Australian consumers. Binary logistic regression modelling was used to profile the consumers. Findings The paper identifies education, familiarity, food neophobia (FNeo), symbolic value of food consumption, health consciousness, as well as snacking behaviour as significant predictors of likelihood to eat seaweed products. Consumers with a university degree (i.e. undergraduates and postgraduates) are four times more likely to eat seaweed products, and those familiar with seaweed products have a 7.6 higher likelihood to eat seaweed products. FNeo makes the largest contribution to the consumer’s likelihood to eat seaweed. A one unit increase in the FNeo score is associated with a 77 per cent decrease in the predicted odds of eating seaweed products in the next 12 months. The symbolic value of food consumption and health consciousness both doubled the likelihood of eating seaweed products. Snacking behaviour increases the likelihood by 185 per cent. The study reveals that early adopters of seaweed food products in western societies are people with higher educational levels, who are adventurous in their food choices and perceive seaweed consumption to have symbolic value. They are also health conscious “snackers”. Originality/value This study is one of the first attempts to provide insights about consumption of seaweed products; and also reveals the consumer groups in western societies that are most likely to eat seaweed products and who can be targeted as potential early adopters.
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Folds, Ralph. "Aboriginal crime at the cultural interface in Central Australia." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, no. 1 (December 6, 2017): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659017743785.
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Very high levels of Australian Aboriginal offending, incarceration and recidivism have been analysed almost exclusively in terms of the classic association between crime rates and low socioeconomic status, poor education, unemployment and alcohol and substance abuse. This article draws on participatory research with Central Australian Aboriginal prisoners and former prisoners and their families to provide understandings of the difficulties both societies experience at the justice interface. It is argued that conflicting cultural precepts underpinning Australian Aboriginal and Western ideas of justice are significant in explaining the high rates of offending in Central Australia.
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Choo, Christine. "The Impact of Asian - Aboriginal Australian Contacts in Northern Australia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 3, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689400300218.
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The long history of Asian contact with Australian Aborigines began with the early links with seafarers, Makassan trepang gatherers and even Chinese contact, which occurred in northern Australia. Later contact through the pearling industry in the Northern Territory and Kimberley, Western Australia, involved Filipinos (Manilamen), Malays, Indonesians, Chinese and Japanese. Europeans on the coastal areas of northern Australia depended on the work of indentured Asians and local Aborigines for the development and success of these industries. The birth of the Australian Federation also marked the beginning of the “White Australia Policy” designed to keep non-Europeans from settling in Australia. The presence of Asians in the north had a significant impact on state legislation controlling Aborigines in Western Australia in the first half of the 20th century, with implications to the present. Oral and archival evidence bears testimony to the brutality with which this legislation was pursued and its impact on the lives of Aboriginal people.
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Cheng, Bor-Shiuan, An-Chih Wang, and Min-Ping Huang. "The Road More Popular versus the Road Less Travelled: An ‘Insider's’ Perspective of Advancing Chinese Management Research." Management and Organization Review 5, no. 1 (March 2009): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2008.00133.x.
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To complement Barney and Zhang's as well as Whetten's articles in this issue of Management and Organization Review, we offer ways to develop indigenous management theory to explain unique Chinese management phenomena. We first briefly review the imbalance of developing theories of Chinese management versus developing Chinese theories of management in Chinese research societies. We then describe a five-step research process that uses an indigenous research approach to theory development: discovery of interesting phenomena, field observations, construction of the theoretical framework, empirical examination, and theory refinement. This process may be useful not only in the Chinese context, but also in any other context. We identify several challenges in both Chinese and international academic societies that must be overcome to facilitate learning across the two approaches proposed by Barney and Zhang: the need for high quality journals in the Chinese language, international journals' efforts to ease the imbalance between the two approaches, and collaboration between Chinese and Western management schools.
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ZHAO, Yanqiu, and Xu SUN. "A Comparative Study of Density and Fineness in the Narratives of Chinese and Western Classical Novels." International Journal of Sino-Western Studies 21 (December 9, 2021): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.21.150.
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Density refers to the number of story elements within a narrative of a given piece of writing. Fineness refers to the sufficiency and inherent completeness of the story elements displayed. In comparison, the density of story elements in ancient Chinese novels is higher, and the fineness is lower, while the density of story elements in Western novels is lower and the fineness is higher. This difference partly contributes to the simplicity and refinement of the structure of Chinese novels and the complexity and delicate nature of the structure of Western novels. However, each of these characteristics has its strengths, in line with the national culture and social framework from which the Chinese and Western novels emerged. As such, these elements found in both Chinese and Western novels can appropriately reflect the way of life of their respective societies and the thoughts and feelings of the people therein, both of which are worthy of recognition.
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Taçon, Paul S. C. "The power of stone: symbolic aspects of stone use and tool development in western Arnhem Land, Australia." Antiquity 65, no. 247 (June 1991): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00079655.
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For want of other secure evidence, the study of art in prehistoric societies normally amounts to looking at pictures, though there must have also been sound, and surely music. The long lithic tradition of central northern Australia permits a rare insight into another kind of prehistoric art, the meaning and aesthetic order that may lie behind a lithic industry.
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Xie, Dong, Ning Kong, Sydney Skaggs, and Anbo Yang. "An Ecological Perspective on Youth Career Education in Transitioning Societies: China as an Example." Journal of Career Development 46, no. 6 (January 22, 2019): 651–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845318824673.
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Contextual factors have received increased attention in understanding the challenges and difficulties in translating career education and career guidance services from Western societies to non-Western societies, many of which are undertaking a shift from a socialist and collectivistic system to a more individualistic one. In this article, using China as an example, we discussed the contextual factors in different ecological systems, such as economical, educational, and sociocultural, and how they may facilitate or impede youth career education in a transitioning society. We reviewed a career education program in a Chinese senior middle school to illustrate such impacts. Additionally, we proposed strategies for further development of youth career education in China as well as in other countries with similar transitions. We introduced a framework of a diversified concept of career and several context-resonant career development theories to be considered in guiding youth career education programs in these transitioning societies.
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Han, Jinghe. "Information literacy challenges for Chinese PhD students in Australia: A biographical study." Journal of Information Literacy 6, no. 1 (April 20, 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.11645/6.1.1603.
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This study explored the information literacy (IL) development of international higher degree research (HDR) students from China as they undertook their research studies in an Australian university.
International HDR students need advanced IL skills to complete their research degree. However, IL research and training in western countries has tended to regard international HDR students no differently from their undergraduate counterparts. That is, there has been a focus on basic information skills rather than considering the more complicated and advanced IL needs within a research context. The project presented in this paper aimed to explore this gap.
Three international PhD students from China participated in this research. A biographical approach was used to collect the data, and a total of 222 reflective accounts were collected from the participants over a period of fifteen months. In these reflections, they recorded significant life and study experiences at the University of Western Sydney. This approach allowed the participants freedom to express their thoughts and feelings without interruption and enabled them to speak frankly and freely without prejudice. The approach to data analysis underpinning this study was based on Bruce’s (1997) relational model of IL.
The findings indicate that these international HDR students experience significant difficulties in developing their IL skills during their research studies in their western university. The complex nature of research study, which demands high levels of IL, significantly contributes to these difficulties, as do the different language and culture of international students which pose additional challenges to their information use. This article concludes with recommendations for research supervisors and librarians to consider in the provision of IL education for international students.
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Ženko, Ernest. "THE YIJING AND THE CRISIS OF WESTERN TRADITION." Srpska politička misao, Specijal 2019 (December 2, 2019): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spm.specijal2019.7.
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In the article author follows a view that although rational thinking can be found in all literate societies around the globe, differences between cultures develop to a certain degree also from basic distinctions between philosophical ways of thinking. In this sense, the Yijing, or The Book of Changes, classical text not only characterizes the basic mode of Chinese philosophical thinking, but also influences past and present Chinese culture. The Yijing, however, did not only influence Chinese contexts, but from the 18th century on, its impact was felt also in the West. To Jesuit translators, Leibniz and C. G. Jung, and even to 20th century physicists, artists or musicians, this ancient text had always something relevant to say. The more so in times of crisis, when it became evident that it is better to escape one’s own culture and to look for answers elsewhere; in a wholly different tradition. It seems, however, that the reception of the Yijing in the West went full circle; from being an exotic and mystical text from an unknown and foreign practice, to an important corrective of a Western tradition that found itself in crisis during the twentieth century, to the global culture industry.
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Fan, Jie. "Chinese ESL Learners’ Perceptions of English Language Teaching and Learning in Australia." English Language Teaching 12, no. 7 (June 20, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n7p139.
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In recent decades, with the rapid economic development of China, there has been a large influx of Chinese students into Western countries to pursue their studies. Empirical research reveal that some students encounter linguistic and academic challenges, and find it difficult to adapt to the Western learning environment. Adopting a qualitative approach, this research examines how Chinese ESL learners perceive English language teaching in Australia and the learning difficulties they face. By doing so, it seeks to help instructors make informed pedagogical decisions and assist learners in addressing these difficulties. Ten Chinese students who were or have been enrolled in a university English language program participated in interviews. The findings reveal that the participants show highly positive attitudes toward the communicative approach, and mostly favor grammar instruction within communicative practice. The learning difficulties they experience are mostly influenced by their prior exposure to Chinese teaching and learning styles. The study suggests that teachers should be aware of learners’ needs and prior learning experiences, so that they could engage in more effective interventions, and assist learners in developing their own learning strategies in the academic adaptation.
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McColl, Rod, Irena Descubes, and Mohammad Elahee. "How the Chinese really negotiate: observations from an Australian-Chinese trade negotiation." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-09-2016-0110.
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Purpose Previous research suggests that negotiation style and conflict management strategies are influenced heavily by cultural factors. In the case of the Chinese, findings have largely produced stereotypical views about their behavior, but the authors argue that this position is becoming increasingly blurred in the global economy. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using participant observation during negotiations of a free-trade agreement between China and Australia followed by in-depth interviews with Chinese delegates. Findings Consistent with Confucianism and a Taoism-based value system, there was evidence of strong cultural influence on conflict management approaches. Two a priori Chinese strategies were evident – avoidance and accommodating, with five tactics. However, contrary to previous research, the authors found use of two conflict management strategies normally associated with a western approach – competing and compromising, with five associated tactics. Practical implications Chinese negotiators are knowledgeable and capable of adopting western negotiation strategies and tactics. The authors advise managers involved in international negotiations with Chinese managers to be cautious when relying on historical stereotypical assessments and to think differently about the emerging Chinese negotiator. Originality/value Few published negotiation studies involve real negotiations based on actual observations, particularly in an international setting. Contrary to many published studies, we demonstrate that conflict management approaches used by Chinese negotiators have evolved into a blend of traditional Chinese and western styles.
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Wang, Carol Chunfeng, Lisa Whitehead, and Sara Bayes. "Global mobility in nursing: Why Chinese students leave to study nursing in Australia." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 11 (June 21, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n11p51.
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Objective: The world-wide demand for skilled Registered Nurses is high, and understanding the reasons why Chinese students leave home to study nursing in Australia is important for institutions, policy makers, and nursing administrators in both China and Australia. This paper explores the factors shaping the decision of six Chinese students to study nursing in Australia and their preference to eventually live and work either in China or Australia.Methods: A three-dimensional space narrative structure approach was used for this study. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with six Chinese nursing students whom were studying nursing at universities in Western Australia.Results: Findings revealed that the most important factor that influenced Chinese students’ decision to study nursing in Australia was the possibility for permanent residency.Conclusions: Insights gained from the study are important for a myriad of factors including international nursing relocation, developments in networking and healthcare, and capitalising in education from a global perspective.
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Allen, Harry, Simon Holdaway, Patricia Fanning, and Judith Littleton. "Footprints in the sand: appraising the archaeology of the Willandra Lakes, western New South Wales, Australia." Antiquity 82, no. 315 (March 1, 2008): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0009640x.
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Here is a paper of pivotal importance to all prehistorians attempting to reconstruct societies from assemblages of shells or stone artefacts in dispersed sites deposited over tens of thousands of years. The authors demonstrate the perilous connections between the distribution and content of sites, their geomorphic formation process and the models used to analyse them. In particular they warn against extrapolating the enticing evidence from Pleistocene Willandra into behavioural patterns by drawing on the models presented by nineteenth-century anthropologists. They propose new strategies at once more revealing and more ethical.
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Zhang, Jilong, and Nattavud Pimpa. "Embracing Guanxi." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2010010103.
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Guanxi is deeply ingrained in Chinese society and business etiquette; therefore, it is critical to understand and appreciate it to gain a commercial foothold in China. This paper explores the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western approaches to business dealings, to identify the factors that make it difficult for Western managerial practises to adopt guanxi. The authors identify the differences in the perception of trust in both societies and how this ultimately leads to clashes in cultures. However, there is also a need for Western practices to be more flexible and appreciate guanxi and its implications if multinational corporations are to succeed in China. The paper concludes by suggesting a possibility for both approaches to co-operate well, given the relative success of each approach in their respective cultures.
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MacKay, Joseph. "The nomadic other: Ontological security and the Inner Asian steppe in historical East Asian international politics." Review of International Studies 42, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210515000327.
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AbstractA growing literature in IR addresses the historical international politics of East Asia prior to Western influence. However, this literature has taken little note of the role of Eurasian steppe societies and empires in these dynamics. This article offers a corrective, showing that relations between China and the steppe played an important role in regional politics. I argue that Chinese elite conceptions of the steppe as other played an important role in maintaining China’s ontological security. Imperial Chinese elites pursued a deliberate strategy of ‘othering’ steppe societies, presenting them as China’s political-cultural opposite. Doing so both provided a source of stable identity to China and justified their exclusion from the Chinese ‘world order’. Empirically, I proceed in three sections. First, I consider Chinese identity building, framed in terms of ontological security, both under the founding Qin and Han dynasties, and under the later Ming dynasty. Second, I address recent historiography of the steppe, showing Chinese conceptions of it were inaccurate. Third, I address the long history of hybridity between the two regions.
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Jennings, Piangchai S., David Forbes, Brett Mcdermott, Gary Hulse, and Sato Juniper. "Eating Disorder Attitudes and Psychopathology in Caucasian Australian, Asian Australian and Thai University Students." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (February 2006): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01761.x.
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Objective: To examine eating disorder attitudes and psychopathology among female university students in Australia and Thailand. Method: Participants were 110 Caucasian Australians, 130 Asian Australians and 101 Thais in Thailand. The instruments included the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Results: Eating disorder attitudes and psychopathology scores in the Thai group were found to be highest. The Asian Australian group did not have significantly higher scores on the EAT-26 than the Caucasian Australian group, but had higher scores in some subscales of the EDI-2. That the Thai group had the highest scores in susceptibility to developing an eating disorder and eating disorder psychopathology may be partially explained in sociocultural terms, with pressure to be thin more extreme in Thailand than in Australia. The evidence suggested that unhealthy eating disorder psychopathology is not limited to Western societies but is already present in Thai and other Asian societies.
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Zhou, Xiaolu, Sophie C. Schneider, Sandra L. Cepeda, and Eric A. Storch. "Orthorexia Nervosa in China: An Exploration of Phenomenology and Clinical Correlates Among University Students." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcpsy-d-19-00027.
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Orthorexia nervosa, characterized by pathological preoccupation with healthy eating and food purity, is conceptualized as being linked to cultural concepts of health pervasive in contemporary Western societies. However, little is known about the phenomenology and clinical correlates of orthorexia nervosa in non-Western cultures. The current study examined symptoms of orthorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation among 418 Chinese university students. A minority of participants endorsed frequent or impairing orthorexia nervosa symptoms, and females reported slightly higher severity of orthorexia nervosa symptoms than males. Orthorexia nervosa symptom severity was moderately associated with obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms, and weakly associated with depressive symptoms and fear of negative evaluation. Although this study generates initial data about orthorexia nervosa among Chinese students, further research is greatly needed to establish the prevalence and clinical characteristics of orthorexia nervosa in Western and Non-Western cultures.
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Riordan, James. "Chinese Women and Sport Success, Sexuality, Suspicion." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 9, no. 1 (April 2000): 87–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.9.1.87.
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Never have women athletes made such rapid progress in a wide range of events in such a short time — some two or three years — or improved world records by such remarkable margins. The reasons for the progress of Chinese women athletes are examined in this article. One of the reasons is an absence in China of a number of deep-seated prejudices in regard to sexuality that have been common in western historical develoment — prejudices centred on the notion that sport was a ‘male preserve’.The major factors that have facilitated Chinese women’s progress in sport have to be sought in various elements intrinsic to Chinese society and shaped by historically-conditioned attitudes to sport and women that differ markedly from those that have formed the dominant values of sport in western society, at least since the time of Ancient Greece.Insosfar as world-wide women’s sporting attainments are reflecting, reinforcing and sometimes even precipitating processes of social change in the role and status of women, the Chinese women’s example offers exciting prospects for the future of women in all societies, particularly the modernising communities of Asia and Africa.
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Little, Adrian. "Contextualizing Concepts: The Methodology of Comparative Political Theory." Review of Politics 80, no. 1 (2018): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467051700078x.
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AbstractOver the last twenty years, comparative political theory has emerged as a distinctive contribution to contemporary theoretical and methodological debate in making the case for greater engagement between “Western” and “non-Western” traditions. While comparative political theory includes multiple methodological approaches and numerous objectives, this article argues for an interpretive method that combines conceptual and contextual analysis to demonstrate both the malleability of concepts and the varying implications that these concepts can have for political action in particular settings. The contextualized comparison need not necessarily be between Western and non-Western cases. This article argues for a “contextualizing concepts” approach and exemplifies this through an analysis of three cases where the concept of reconciliation has been articulated as a means of transforming divided societies since the 1990s: South Africa, Northern Ireland, and Australia.
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Shi-xu. "Understanding contemporary Chinese political communication." Journal of Language and Politics 11, no. 1 (March 22, 2012): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.11.1.05shi.
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In the international scholarship, Chinese political communication is usually viewed from a political-economic and West-centric perspective. Consequently, it is portrayed as a product of the Chinese Communist Party(‘s ideology), deviant, totalitarian and unchanging. In this article I first argue for a historical and intercultural approach and so a view of contemporary Chinese political discourse as dynamic, critical-creative and cultural-hegemony-resistant. Then I analyze and assess accordingly the case of the Chinese discourse of human rights. It will be seen that this discourse has been evolving topically, reinforcing socially, and responding interculturally, thereby constituting a historic transformation in China’s human rights situation on the one hand and a counter-veiling force in the unbalanced international communication on human rights on the other. In conclusion I suggest that the mainstream scholarship go beyond the a-historical-and-a-intercultural approach to political communication in general and to that of non-Western societies in particular.
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Rošker, Jana S. "Intercultural Methodology in Sinology: Transculturality, Textual Criticism and Discursive Translations." AUC PHILOLOGICA 2021, no. 3 (February 15, 2022): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2022.7.
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For Western researchers, the understanding of Chinese culture is conditioned by differences in language, tradition, history and socialization. The interpretation of various aspects and elements of different cultures is always connected to the geographic, political and economic positions of the interpreter as well as the object of interpretation. In Western research on China, the non-reflected use of theoretical analyses that are in themselves results of specific (Western) historical processes and the related structure of societies, often proves to be a dangerous and misleading mechanism. A fundamental premise of the present paper is that Western epistemology represents only one of many different models of human comprehension of reality. On this basis, it questions traditional intercultural methodologies hitherto applied in Sinology and Chinese studies. The article presents the main methodological paradigms of a transculturally aware research that could improve the understanding of general principles underlying the particular research questions and objects under investigation.
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Gurd, Bruce, and Francis Kum Hoong Or. "Attitudes of Singaporean Chinese towards Retirement Planning." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 14, no. 04 (December 2011): 671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091511002354.
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While there is a strong research tradition in exploring attitudes to and behavior in relation to retirement planning in Western countries, (e.g., Grable and Lytton, 1997; Jacobs-Lawson and Hershey, 2005) there is less research in Asian societies. Not only are we unaware of whether demographic factors, such as marital status, income level, level of education and gender, have a different impact in Asian countries, we also do not know the impact of Asian cultural values on retirement planning. Using a sample of 613 working Singaporean Chinese between the ages of 20 and 59 we establish that Chinese cultural heritage such as the belief in luck, destiny and the belief that children will support their elderly parents are not important. However, feng shui is statistically significant in this study.
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Nie, Dan, and Anna-Maija Lämsä. "Chinese immigrants’ occupational well-being in Finland: the role of paternalistic leadership." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 39, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-05-2017-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of paternalistic leadership behaviour in the Finnish organisational context by investigating its relationship with Chinese immigrant employees’ occupational well-being. Design/methodology/approach This research was based on a survey of 117 Chinese immigrants working in Finland. The snowball sampling method was adopted in the present research. Findings The findings show that the dimensions of paternalistic leadership, specifically benevolent leadership behaviour, can be influential in Chinese immigrant knowledge workers’ occupational well-being in the Finnish organisational context. Research limitations/implications Paternalistic leadership style can also make sense in a Western organisational context, especially when dealing with well-being among immigrant employees from China or other Asian countries. Originality/value Some misunderstanding of paternalistic leadership behaviour in Western societies may impede the theory’s further development. The study enhanced the understanding of paternalism in the Finnish organisational context by illuminating the effect of paternalistic leadership on Chinese immigrant employees’ occupational well-being.
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LIU, ENZE. "A historical review of the control of corruption on economic crime in China." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-08-2015-0042.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical review of China’s anti-corruption efforts, from the ancient period of Chinese slavery societies to the late 1970s before China launched its profound economic reform, under the current status of the harsh crusade against corruption that the Chinese new leadership initiated. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is mainly based on a great deal of historical literature and empirical findings, with relevant comparative analysis on policies and regulations between various periods of China. Findings – The phenomenon of corruption has existed in Chinese history for thousands of years, throughout Chinese slavery societies, feudal societies, republic period and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Anti-corruption laws formed an important part of ancient Chinese legal system, and each dynasty has made continuous and commendable progress on fighting such misconduct. Innumerable initiatives have also been taken by the ruling party Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since the founding of the PRC. The PRC government created various specially designed government organizations and a series of updated regulations for preventing economic crimes. They have realized that periodic movements against corruption would no longer be helpful, and the paramount issue nowadays is indeed how bold the leaders are in striking out those unhealthy tendencies. Originality/value – This paper fills in the blanks in the Western world with a comprehensive description of, and comments on, the historical efforts on China’s corruption and economic crime prevention. It also, in various ways, provides meaningful information that links to China’s current furious war against corruption.
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Kuo, Mei-fen. "The Making of a Diasporic Identity: The Case of the Sydney Chinese Commercial Elite, 1890s-1900s." Journal of Chinese Overseas 5, no. 2 (2009): 336–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179303909x12489373183091.
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AbstractThis article is about a short moment in Chinese-Australian history at the turn of the 20th century when Chinese fruit and vegetable traders in Sydney were on the verge of major international success. The concerns of this new urban elite can be gleaned from their Chinese-language newspapers and civil societies which played an important role in the evolution of the diasporic identity of the Chinese in “White-Australia” — an experience involving more than merely a refinement of native kinship practices and inherited identities — in a process that invoked a distinctively modern sense of time, space, and the unfolding of history. This is an attempt to recount their experience chiefly by reference to the developments recorded in Chinese newspapers and the narratives related to the social institutions and networks associated with them in the Federation Era (1890s-1900s).
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Du, Shengchen, and Hongze Tan. "Location Is Back: The Influence of COVID-19 on Chinese Cities and Urban Governance." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 3347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063347.
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This article explores the short-term and (potential) long-term influences of COVID-19 on urban China and its governance, which was characterised by increasing mobilities and delocalised societies before the outbreak. Through the analysis of 18 observation reports in 16 cities, it is revealed that the outbreak enables the government to (re-)build a location-based urban management system with the participation of residents facing the pandemic as an external threat. A paradoxical combination of low physical mobility and high information mobility occurs. The location-based lifestyle and governance pattern has been “normalised” rather than just being a temporary response to the pandemic. The re-localisation in urban China differs from the localism in western societies as it results from the combination of the state-power-based governmental action and citizens’ participation aimed at regaining location-based ontological security. The normalisation of the re-localisation tendency may bring about fundamental changes to urban China, even “after” the pandemic.
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Chippindale, Christopher, Benjamin Smith, and Paul S. C. Taçon. "Visions of Dynamic Power: Archaic Rock-paintings, Altered States of Consciousness and ‘Clever Men’ in Western Arnhem Lane (NT), Australia." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 10, no. 1 (April 2000): 63–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300000032.
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The Dynamic figures are a distinctive component in the earlier rock-art of western Arnhem Land, north Australia. They include therianthropic (hybrid human–animal) images. Recent vision experience ethnographically known in the region, and the wider pattern of Altered States of Consciousness (ASC) in hunter-gatherer societies, are consistent with elements of the Dynamics. One key feature is the use of dots and dashes in the Dynamic images, explicable as a depiction of some intangible power, of a character comparable with that in the ‘clever men's knowledge’ of modern Arnhem Land. Tropical Australia thereby is added to the number of regions where a visionary element is identified in rock-art; the specific circumstances in Arnhem Land, permitting the use together of formal and of informed methods, provide unusually strong evidence.
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Niehaus, Isak. "Savages Have No Crime!" Journal of Legal Anthropology 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2021.050106.
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During 1931, Alfred Radcliffe-Brown gave a popular talk at Columbia University in New York. He maintained that, unlike in the West, savage societies – a term commonly used at the time – had no criminal class and had succeeded in enforcing conformity to social norms. In this article, I suggest that, despite its defects, the talk highlights central themes in Radcliffe-Brown’s thinking about conformity, social sanctions and the law. Drawing on archival sources and on published material, I show how during fieldwork he observed the brutalities of colonial rule in the Andaman Islands, Western Australia and South Africa. I suggest that a critical awareness of how colonial law served as an ally of conquest forms an important sub-text in Radcliffe-Brown’s writing on the effective manner in which Andaman Islanders maintained social order, Indigenous Australians settled disputes and African courts operated. His comparative, sociological approach, which was implicitly critical of Western societies, was a vital influence in the emergence of law as a topic of anthropological enquiry.