Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chinese strain

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chinese strain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Chinese strain"

1

Shrestha, J. N. B., and A. A. Grunder. "Body weights, carcass characteristics, fat content, and their relationships in ganders of the Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains, and Embden-sired strain crosses." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-032.

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In 1986, 247 ganders of the Selected Chinese and Selected Synthetic strains, and Large Embden and Small Embden- sired strain crosses at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research in Ottawa, Canada, were evaluated. The Chinese and Synthetic (developed from the Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian) strains had been selected for four generations to increase egg production over a 24-wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and simultaneously decrease total fat content. Two Embden strains, Large and Small, denoting contrasting body sizes, had been imported from the United States of America for potential use in crossbreeding as terminal sire strains. Strains and strain crosses were ranked from high to low, for body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age, liveweight at slaughter and eviscerated carcass weight. Large Embden × Selected Chinese were largest followed by Small Embden × Selected Synthetic and Small Embden × Selected Chinese strain crosses, in turn followed by the Selected Chinese and Selected Synthetic strains. Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different except for body weight at 9 wk of age and eviscerated carcass weight. The Large Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross had a dressing percent of 63, significantly higher than 60–61% for the remaining strains or strain crosses. In general, the ranking of strains and strain crosses for liver weight was similar to rankings for body weights, except that the Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different from the Selected Chinese strain, and the Small and Large Embden-sired Selected Chinese crosses had similar liver weight. The Selected Synthetic strain had a significantly smaller neck than that of the other strains and strain crosses; Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different. Large Embden × Selected Chinese and Small Embden × Selected Synthetic strain crosses and the Selected Chinese strain had similar neck weight. When fat was expressed as a percentage of carcass weight, the strains and strain crosses had similar proportion of abdominal fat. On the other hand the Large Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross had significantly more intestinal fat (4.83%) than any of the strains and strain crosses (2.97 to 3.73%) and a similar proportion of total fat (10.87%) to the Small Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross (8.79%) but significantly more than the remaining strains and strain crosses (7.53 to 8.20%). The correlations of body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age with eviscerated carcass weight (0.65 and 0.90), abdominal fat weight (0.32 and 0.59), intestinal fat weight (0.27 and 0.55) and total fat weight (0.23 and 0.47) were deemed potentially useful. The correlations between percentage of fat parameters and body weights were low (0.20 a n d 0.37) or negligible. The inherent potential in the large-bodied Embden strain for growth can complement the small-bodied Selected Chinese strain that excels in egg production, fertility and hatchability to produce a strain cross with considerable promise for commercial production of goose meat. Key words: Chinese strain, Synthetic strain, Embden strain, body weights, abdominal and intestinal fat
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2

Shrestha, J. N. B., A. A. Grunder, and J. W. Dickie. "Evaluation of Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Synthetic and Embden strains of geese and their crosses for body weight." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-070.

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The Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Selected C hinese, Synthetic (developed from Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian), Selected Synthetic, Large Embden and Small Embden strains of geese raised from 1980 to 1988 at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research (formerly Animal Research Centre, and Animal Research Institute) in Ottawa, Canada varied significantly in body weight at 9 and 16 wk of age. The Large Embden strain weighed more than the Small Embden strain in 1986, and both were heavier than the Pilgrim strain (P < 0.05). Significantly different body weights for the Large Embden, Small Embden and Pilgrim strains averaged over sexes were 5.03, 4.45 and 3.59 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 6.15, 5.49 and 4.33 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. The Pilgrim strain was similar to the Chinese and Synthetic strains in body weight, whereas the Hungarian weighed consistently less (P < 0.05). Body weights for the Pilgrim, Chinese, Synthetic and Hungarian strains averaged over sexes and years 1980, 1983 and 1986 were 3.70, 3.56, 3.70 and 3.37 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 4.65, 4.43, 4.53 and 4.17 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. From 1982 onwards, the Chinese and Synthetic strains were selected for four generations in order to increase egg production over a 24-wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and to simultaneously decrease total fat (abdominal and intestinal). These Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains not only weighed significantly more than their corresponding Chinese and Synthetic strains maintained as randombred populations, but were also heavier than the Pilgrim strain. Corresponding body weights for Selected Chinese, Selected Synthetic, Chinese and Synthetic strains averaged over sexes and years 1983–1988 were 3.72, 3.69, 3.47 and 3.59 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 4.69, 4.77, 4.26 an d 4.31 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. The range in heterosis estimates for specific strain cross combinations were as follows: -6 to 8% for the Large Embden × Selected Chinese, 2 to 6% for the Selected Chinese × Selected Synthetic, -2 to 3% for the Selected Synthetic × Selected Chinese, -8 to -9% for the Large Embden × Small Embden, -1 to 1% for the Small Embden × Selected Chinese, and 4 to 8% for the Small Embden × Selected Synthetic. The variability among heterosis estimates for body weight was specific to strain crosses and subject to sampling associated with low number of sires used to produce crossbred offspring as well as the absence of reciprocal crosses. Larger studies evaluating all possible cross combinations of strains for additive and non-additive effects are warranted. Although, the Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains achieved genetic superiority for body weight, the inherent potential in the Embden strain demonstrated considerable merit for use as a terminal sire in a crossbreeding program for commercial geese production. Key words: Embden, Pilgrim; Chinese, Synthetic, Hungarian geese, crosses
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3

Ren, Shuzheng, Jie Zhang, and Dwight A. Hennessy. "Psychological strains and psychological distress among Chinese rural migrant workers." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 27, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196818766377.

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This research note reports on a study that examined the psychological strains among migrant workers in China, and the potential negative life impact of these strains. It was hypothesized that psychological strains, resulting from social and psychological conflicts (value strain, aspiration strain, deprivation strain and coping strain), would be associated with greater psychological distress. Most of the sampled migrant workers experienced at least one of four types of strain. Independently, greater levels of all four types of strain were related to elevated self-reported psychological distress. Regression analyses showed that coping strain was the strongest predictor of psychological distress, whereas deprivation strain was not predictive when other types of strain were simultaneously considered. It is concluded that further research regarding the combined impact of social and personal factors in impacting both healthy and unhealthy psychological outcomes within the population of migrant workers in China is needed.
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Shrestha, J. N. B., A. A. Grunder, and J. W. Dickie. "Multi-trait selection for body weight, egg production and total fat in the Chinese and Synthetic strains of geese." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-071.

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The Chinese and Synthetic (assembled from Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian) strains raised at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research (formerly Animal Research Centre, and Animal Research Institute) located in Ottawa, Canada, had been subjected to 12 yr of random mating. From 1982 onwards, these two strains were selected for five generations in order to increase egg production over a 24- wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and to simultaneously decrease total fat (abdominal and intestinal). At the same time, Randombred Chinese and Synthetic strains were maintained during the course of selection to monitor year-to-year trends in the production traits. In both the Randombred strains, body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age remained stable (P > 0.05) during the course of the study. In the Selected Chinese strain, five generations of selection increased male and female body weight at 1 6 wk of age by 0.181 ± 0.024 and 0.165 ± 0.009 kg/generation, respectively, (P < 0.05), while egg production increased by 1.3 ± 0.73 eggs/generation (P > 0.05). Concurrently, in the Selected Synthetic strain, male and female body weight at 16 wk of age increased by 0.085 ± 0.028 (P < 0.10) and 0.084 ± 0.024 kg/generation (P < 0.05), respectively, while egg production increased by 1.1 ± 0.87 eggs/generation (P > 0.05). In Generation 6, measures of the abdominal, intestinal and total fat increased significantly in the Selected Chinese strain when compared to the Randombred Chinese strain, whereas the Selected and Randombred Synthetic strains were similar (P > 0.05). Correlated responses to selection were observed for body weight at slaughter, eviscerated carcass weight, dressing percentage, weights of the liver and neck, as well as fertility and hatchability traits. In the Selected Chinese strain, the genetic response to selection estimated as a deviation from the Randombred Chinese strain from Generation 2 to 6 for male and female body weight at 16 wk of age were 0.17 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.02 kg/generation, respectively (P < 0.05). Corresponding estimates of genetic response in the Selected Synthetic strain as a deviation from the Randombred Synthetic strain were 0.04 ± 0.01 and 0.05 ± 0.01 kg/generation, respectively (P < 0.05). In light of the variable results on fatness in the two Selected strains assessed, there is a need for further studies on response to selection for reduced abdominal and intestinal fat. Therefore, selection studies based on a larger number of geese are warranted to sustain goose breeding. Nevertheless, it is evident that multi-trait selection for egg production and body weight offers one of the most practical means for rapid and permanent improvement of economically important production traits in commercial goose breeding. Key words: Chinese strain, Synthetic strain, selection, body weight, egg production, abdominal and intestinal fat
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Lachance, Claude, Marcelo Gottschalk, Pehuén P. Gerber, Paul Lemire, Jianguo Xu, and Mariela Segura. "Exacerbated Type II Interferon Response Drives Hypervirulence and Toxic Shock by an Emergent Epidemic Strain of Streptococcus suis." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 6 (March 18, 2013): 1928–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01317-12.

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ABSTRACTStreptococcus suis, a major porcine pathogen, can be transmitted to humans and cause severe symptoms. A large human outbreak associated with an unusual streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) was described in China. Albeit an early burst of proinflammatory cytokines following ChineseS. suisinfection was suggested to be responsible for STSLS case severity, the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Using a mouse model, the host response toS. suisinfection with a North American intermediately pathogenic strain, a European highly pathogenic strain, and the Chinese epidemic strain was investigated by a whole-genome microarray approach. Proinflammatory genes were expressed at higher levels in mice infected with the Chinese strain than those infected with the European strain. The Chinese strain induced a fast and strong gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response by natural killer (NK) cells. In fact, IFN-γ-knockout mice infected with the Chinese strain showed significantly better survival than wild-type mice. Conversely, infection with the less virulent North American strain resulted in an IFN-β-subjugated, low inflammatory response that might be beneficial for the host to clear the infection. Overall, our data suggest that a highly virulent epidemic strain has evolved to massively activate IFN-γ production, mainly by NK cells, leading to a rapid and lethal STSLS.
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Li, Yu Qin, Wen Li Tian, and Chun Tao Gu. "Weissella sagaensis sp. nov., isolated from traditional Chinese yogurt." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 2485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004062.

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Three Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, designated X0750T, X0278 and X0401, isolated from traditional yogurt in Tibet Autonomous Region, PR China, were characterized by a polyphasic approach, including sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and three housekeeping genes (pheS, rpoA and recA), determination of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI), in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH), fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and phenotypic characterization. Strain X0750T was phylogenetically related to the type strains of Weissella hellenica , Weissella bombi , Weissella paramesenteroides , Weissella jogaejeotgali , Weissella thailandensis , Weissella oryzae , Weissella cibaria and Weissella confusa , having 94.4–100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, 76.7–90.0 % pheS gene sequence similarities, 88.9–99.4 % rpoA gene sequence similarities and 77.6–92.8 % recA gene sequence similarities, respectively. ANI, isDDH and AAI values between strain X0750T and type strains of phylogenetically related species were less than 90.4, 40.9 and 92.8 % respectively, confirming that strain X0750T represents a novel species within the genus Weissella . Based upon the data obtained in the present study, a novel species, Weissella sagaensis sp. nov., is proposed and the type strain is X0750T(=NCIMB 15192T=CCM 8924T=LMG 31184T=CCTCC AB 2018403T).
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Li, Chun Yan, Fen Tian, Ya Dong Zhao, and Chun Tao Gu. "Enterococcus xiangfangensis sp. nov., isolated from Chinese pickle." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_3 (March 1, 2014): 1012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.058917-0.

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A Gram-stain-positive bacterial strain, 11097T, was isolated from traditional pickle in Heilongjiang Province, China. The bacterium was characterized using a polyphasic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase (pheS) gene sequence analysis, RNA polymerase α subunit (rpoA) gene sequence analysis, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, determination of DNA G+C content, DNA–DNA hybridization and an analysis of phenotypic features. Strain 11097T was phylogenetically related to Enterococcus devriesei , E. pseudoavium , E. viikkiensis , E. avium , E. malodoratus , E. gilvus and E. raffinosus . Strain 11097T had 99.1–99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, 78.2–83.2 % pheS gene sequence similarities and 93.8–96.6 % rpoA gene sequence similarities with type strains of phylogenetically related species. Based upon polyphasic characterization data obtained in the present study, a novel species of the genus Enterococcus , Enterococcus xiangfangensis sp. nov., is proposed with the type strain 11097T ( = LMG 27495T = NCIMB 14834T).
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Zhou, F., H. Zhao, F. Bai, D. Piotr, Y. Liu, and B. Zhang. "Purification and characterisation of the bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, isolated from Chinese pickle." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 32, No. 5 (October 1, 2014): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/270/2013-cjfs.

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119 strains of lactic acid bacteria from Chinese pickle were tested for production of antimicrobial compounds (bacteriocins). Among them, strain C8 showed strongly antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Strain C8 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum based on phenotypical, physiological tests and 16S rDNA identification. The antibacterial substance produced by strain C8 was sensitive to protease but not affected by lipase and amylase and designated as bacteriocin C8. Bacteriocin was purified by salting-out, dialysis and Sephadex G50 column chromatography. Based on SDS-PAGE, bacteriocin C8 was 16.5 kDa in size, which was different from that of other bacteriocins and it might be a novel bacteriocin. Bacteriocin C8 showed a wide range of antimicrobial activity especially as it inhibited some Gram-negative bacteria. This bacteriocin was heat resistant (20&nbsp;min at 121&deg;C) and stable in the pH range of 3 to 6. &nbsp;
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Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai, Oguma Keisuke, Sentsui Hiroshi, Erdenechimeg Dashzevge, Enkhmandakh Yondonjamts, Ariunbold Gantulga, Odonchimeg Myagmarsuren, and Boldbaatar Bazartseren. "Phylogenetic analysis of Mongolian sheeppox and goatpox viruses." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 30, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v30i2.1485.

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Sheeppox and goatpox are caused by sheep pox virus (SPPV) and goat pox virus (GTPV), members of Capripoxvirus genus, Poxviridae family. SPPV and GTPV damage host animal’s wool and skin and reduce production of mutton and milk. Because of morbidity and mortality of the diseases, they bring huge economic burden to the country. Main goal was to compare Mongolian sheep pox, goat pox sequences with other strains that were registered in Genebank. In this study, two SPPV and two GTPV field strains from Mongolia and Perego M strain (Biocombinat SOI, Mongolia), Russian and Chinese alive vaccine strains were used. The common DNA extraction method was used and samples were amplified on a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) which amplify the full p32 gene of Capripoxvirus. The primers were designed based on the conserved sequences just outside of the p32 gene of SPPV or GTPV. By applying this method to the sheep and goat samples, suspected with SPPV and GTPV infection in Mongolia, the nested-PCR products were obtained from all samples on the predicted size, and the presence of SPPV and GTPV were confirmed via full length sequence analysis of P32 gene. Sequence comparison was performed using the online BLAST program. Sequence identities of nucleotides were analyzed using MUSCLE algorithm. A phylogenetic tree derived from nucleotide sequences was constructed for the Capripoxvirus using the neighbor joining method of MEGA (version X) software. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the Mongolian sheep pox virus, 2017 clustered together with Zabaikalsk strain and Perego strain (Biocombinat SOI, Mongolia). The Mongolian sheep pox virus, 2015 was closer to Tunisian and Chinese Gansu, Shanxi province strains. Chinese vaccine strain AV41, sequenced in this study was clustered with EF522181.1 Chinese Goat pox vaccine strain but Russian sheep pox vaccine strain, sequenced in this study was close to Mongolian goat pox viruses, 2009. The present data provides theoretical references to improve the preventive and control strategy. Based on the phylogenetic tree that we made, we conclude that SPPV and GTPV sequences in Mongolia were closer to Chinese SPPV, GTPV sequences therefore they were most likely imported from China.
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Gu, Jun, Hua Cai, Su-Lin Yu, Ri Qu, Bin Yin, Yu-Feng Guo, Jin-Yi Zhao, and Xiao-Lei Wu. "Marinobacter gudaonensis sp. nov., isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil in a Chinese oilfield." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64522-0.

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Two novel strains, SL014B61AT and SL014B11A, were isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil from Gudao in the coastal Shengli Oilfield, eastern China. Cells of strains SL014B61AT and SL014B11A were motile, Gram-negative and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at NaCl concentrations of between 0 and 15 % and at temperatures of between 10 and 45 °C. Strain SL014B61AT had Q9 as the major respiratory quinone and C16 : 0 (21.2 %), C18 : 1ω9c (20.3 %), C16 : 1ω7c (7.3 %) and C16 : 1ω9c (6.4 %) as predominant fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 57.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SL014B61AT belonged to the genus Marinobacter in the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain SL014B61AT showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Marinobacter bryozoorum (97.9 %) and showed 97.8 % sequence similarity to Marinobacter lipolyticus. DNA–DNA relatedness to the reference strains Marinobacter bryozoorum and Marinobacter lipolyticus was 35.5 % and 33.8 %, respectively. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that strains SL014B61AT and SL014B11A represent a novel species, Marinobacter gudaonensis sp. nov. The type strain is strain SL014B61AT (=DSM 18066T=LMG 23509T=CGMCC 1.6294T).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chinese strain"

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Liu, Jinyu. "Caregiver strain among Chinese adult children of oldest old parents." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2568.

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The fast growth of the Chinese oldest old population indicates higher demand for long-term care. In China, families assume the primary responsibility of caring for older adults. Since the oldest elders are more likely to be widowed, their adult children usually become their caregivers. Focusing on the Chinese adult children who provide care for their oldest-old parents, this study documented and helped to explain Chinese adult children's caregiving strain. A conceptual framework was developed based on Pearlin's stress process theory, Higgins' framework of self-concept discrepancy, and previous studies on family caregivers of elders. Using an existing dataset from the 2005 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey of 895 caregivers and their care recipients, the researcher tested whether and how caregiving context (caregiver's structured context and care recipients' needs for care), caregiving performance, and sibling support were related to five types of caregiving strain including sacrifice strain, exhaustion strain, capability strain, expectation strain, and dependency strain. The results indicate that caregiving context and caregiving performance are statistically related to different types of caregiver strain. Three independent variables in the set of caregiving context, self-evaluation of living standard, education, and cultural identity, were related to two types of caregiver strain in different directions. The caregivers who were the eldest sons, who were females caring for female elders, who had a close relationship with their care recipients, who lived with the care recipients, who provided care for the elders with more needs for care in ADL (Activities of Daily Living), or whose care recipients had health insurance reported higher levels of at least one type of caregiver strain. Care recipients' cognitive status and entitlement to pension were negatively related to at least one type of caregiver strain. Caregivers' rural residence, having a job outside the family, having a child under age 16, and care recipient's needs for care in IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) were not found to be related to any type of caregiver strain. Monetary assistance, which was indicated by the proportion of their annual household per capita income that the caregivers provided to care recipients, was found to be positively related to caregivers' capability strain. The amount of time spent in caregiving (time assistance) was positively related to three types of caregiver strain: exhaustion, expectation, and dependency strain. Time assistance was also found to mediate the relationship between care recipients' needs for care in ADL and caregivers' exhaustion strain and the relationship between dependency strain and three caregiving context variables: closeness between caregivers and care recipients, co-residence with care recipients, and care recipients' needs for care in ADL. The results revealed the importance of caregiving context and caregiving performance in explaining Chinese adult-child caregivers' experience and the necessity of investigating caregiver strain in different dimensions. This study contributes to understanding caregiver strain from a filial perspective. The results imply directions for future research, social work practice and education, and policy legislation in addressing Chinese adult children's strain in caring for their oldest-old parents.
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Moertel, Luke Paul Frank, and mobileluke@hotmail com /. Luke Moertel@qimr edu au. "Microarray Analysis of the Schistosoma japonicum Transcriptome." Central Queensland University. Chemical and Biomedical Sciences, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070705.120939.

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Schistosomiasis, a disease of humans caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma, kills 200 to 500 thousand people annually, endangering over 600 million people world-wide with 200 million people infected in 2003 [1, 2]. Three species of schistosome are primarily responsible for human infections, namely, Schistosoma haematobium, endemic to Africa, India, and the Middle East, S. mansoni, endemic to Africa / South America, and S. japonicum endemic to China and the Philippines [3]. The major pathological effects of schistosomiasis result from the deposition of parasite ova in human tissues and the subsequent intense granulomatous response induced by these eggs. There is a high priority to provide an effective sub-unit vaccine against these schistosome flukes, using proteins encoded by cDNAs expressed by the parasites at critical phases of their development. One technique that may expedite this gene identification is the use of microarrays for expression analysis. A 22,575 feature custom oligonucleotide DNA microarray designed from public domain databases of schistosome ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) was used to explore differential gene expression between the Philippine (SJP) and Chinese (SJC) strains of S. japonicum, and between males and females. It was found that 593, 664 and 426 probes were differentially expressed between the two geographical strains when mix sexed adults, male worms and female worms were compared respectively. Additionally, the study revealed that 1,163 male- and 1,016 female-associated probes were differentially expressed in SJP whereas 1,047 male- and 897 female-associated probes were differentially expressed in SJC [4]. Further to this, a detailed real time PCR expression study was used to explore the differential expression of eight genes of interest throughout the SJC life cycle, which showed that several of the genes were down-regulated in different life cycle stages. The study has greatly expanded previously published data of strain and gender-associated differential expression in S. japonicum. Further, the new data will provide a stepping stone for understanding the complexities of the biology, sexual differentiation, maturation, and development of human schistosomes, signaling new approaches for identifying novel intervention and diagnostic targets against schistosomiasis [4].
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PAEK, MIN SO. "THE EFFECTS OF STRESSORS, FAMILY COMMUNICATION STRAIN, AND FAMILY COPING ON MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG CHINESE AND KOREAN-AMERICAN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS: THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF ACCULTURATION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1374090355.

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Tang, Chiu-ping Anna, and 鄧肖平. "The sex role strains of unemployed Chinese men." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250932.

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Kuo, Hsin-yi. "A study of the Chinese relationship across the Taiwan Strait." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA324461.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): Roger Evered, Shu Liao. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58). Also available online.
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Khor, Neil Jin Keong. "The origins and development of Anglophone Straits Chinese literature." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611180.

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Shie, Vincent H. "High-tech strategies across the Taiwan Strait dynamic interactions between Taiwanese and Chinese information technology enterprises /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Curran, Donald J. "Bridging the Strait : implications for Japan and the United States following a peaceful reunification of China and Taiwan /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5F_Curran.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Miller, Alice L. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 22, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64). Also available in print.
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Lin, Chin-sheng, and n/a. "The One-China controversy, 1996-2002 : the impact of Taiwan�s democratisation on the cross-strait policies of Taipei, Beijing and Washington." University of Otago. Department of Political Studies, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070220.142540.

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The one-China issue before the 1990s was not particularly complex as both sides of the Taiwan Strait claimed that there was only one China in the world and Taiwan was part of China. Nevertheless, after Taiwan accelerated democratisation in the early 1990s, and especially after 1996 when it entered a stage of democratic consolidation, the one-China issue has become a bitter controversy. Taiwan was transformed from an authoritarian regime to a democracy through the revision of the constitution and the reform of elections for the Legislative Yüan and the presidency between 1991 and 1996. Democratisation not only legitimised the government�s rule on Taiwan, but also brought about Taiwanese nationalism, which forced the government to defend the sovereignty to which its democratic and economic achievements now entitled it. As the PRC has always claimed sovereignty over Taiwan, the one-China controversy has thus focused on Taiwan�s international status since the 1990s. In order to prevent Taiwan from declaring independence, the PRC adopted a carrot and stick strategy, but failed. Its "peaceful reunification" policy and the "one country, two systems" formula could not attract the Taiwanese, and its military threats were blocked by the US, which has strongly demanded a peaceful resolution for cross-Strait disputes since 1979. As the US also needs the PRC�s cooperation in many international areas, it did not support Taiwan�s formal independence. Under such circumstances, maintaining the status quo of the Taiwan Strait becomes the best choice for the three sides. The one-China controversy is not expected to be resolved in the near future. Democracy has been promoted as a universal value since the Cold War. As Taiwan has not ruled out the possibility of future democratic unification with the Mainland, the best way to resolve the one-China controversy might be the successful democratisation of the PRC, which the international community would welcome.
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Chi, Chia-Lin. "Lee Teng-Hui’s political cross-straits policy and mainland china’s reaction." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28534.

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By the end of the twentieth century, there were many secessionist groups, but, the move towards Taiwanese secessionism has arguably been the most significant of these. It triggered the 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, which resulted in a historical military confrontation between Mainland China and the US. As will be shown, from 1988 to 2000, Lee Teng-hui, as president of Taiwan, manipulated the political Cross-Straits relationship to promote what was ultimately a secessionist policy. This caused Mainland China to react strongly and triggered sharp tension between Taiwan and Mainland China. This thesis considers what motivated Lee Teng-hui to implement a secessionist Cross-Straits policy and why he supported unification while adopting a substantive secessionist policy. It looks at how he was able to instigate Taiwanese hostility towards Mainlanders, to transform the hostility into a sense of Taiwanese national identity and ultimately into Taiwanese secessionist ideology. A historical approach was used in exploring the origins of secessionism, and descriptive and analytical methods to review systematically and comprehensively political developments in the ROC and its civil war, and to study Lee Teng-hui’s life; the national identity of Taiwan and Mainland China; the implementation of Lee Teng-hui’s political Cross-Straits policy; and the reaction of Mainland China. The study showed that the main cause of Taiwanese secessionism was ethnic conflict between Taiwanese and Mainlanders. It originated from the 228 Incident of 1947, in which Mainlander-led troops slaughtered many Taiwanese. Soon after, the Mainlander-led government fled to Taiwan from Mainland China, and many Taiwanese (including Mainlanders) were killed during the State of Emergency in the 1950s and 1960s. Since the Mainlander-led government fled to Taiwan in its original central government form, the Mainlander élite occupied key positions in the government during the 1950s and 1960s. It resulted in unfair power-sharing for Taiwanese, and caused the Taiwanese élite to believe that they had to establish their own government (nation). Lee Teng-hui had participated in the CCP and had been under political surveillance by the Mainlander-led government for over twenty years. He weathered these political difficulties, but by reasonable inference, there was a close relationship between the political oppression by the Mainlander-led government and his secessionist political Cross-Straits policy. Because Taiwanese residents were indoctrinated by Chiang Ching-kuo and his father, Chiang Kai-shek’s administration for about 40 years, Chinese ideology was dominant and Lee Teng-hui initially paid lip-service to Cross-Strait unification whilst working towards secessionism as reflected in the Chingdao-Lake Incident (1994); the private dialogue between Lee Teng-hui and Shiba Ryotaro (1994); the address at Cornell University (1995); and his two-state theory (1999). However, due to strong pressure from Mainland China, he did not reach his secessionist goal during his presidential term (1988-2000). In conclusion, this thesis shows that Taiwan Island’s geopolitical importance is at the heart of the US’ support for Taiwan’s secession from the Mainland. Therefore, Lee’s secessionist Cross-Strait policy aside, US national interests lie in containing Mainland China and it has, therefore, always played an important role in the secessionist issue and always will. From the perspective of Mainland China, either in terms of nationalism or national security, Taiwan’s secession is a life-and-death issue. If Taiwanese authorities were to declare independence, the only option for Mainland China would be to launch a unification war. For the US, Taiwan is only a pawn that it uses to contain Mainland China. Therefore, in the Cross-Strait issue, the US has more options than Mainland China, namely, to use military intervention in the future to deter Chinese unification or to decide to share common peaceful international relations with Mainland China by accepting Cross-Strait unification.
Thesis (DPhil (International Relations))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Political Sciences
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Books on the topic "Chinese strain"

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United States. Dept. of Defense, National Defense Research Institute (U.S.), and Rand Corporation, eds. Change in Taiwan and potential adversity in the Strait. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1995.

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Feigenbaum, Evan A. Change in Taiwan and potential adversity in the Strait. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1995.

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Kim, M. I͡U. Literatury stran Latinskoĭ Ameriki v KNR. Moskva: Izd-vo "Nauka," Glav. red. vostochnoĭ lit-ry, 1987.

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Clough, Ralph N. Reaching across the Taiwan Strait: People-to-people diplomacy. Boulder, Co: Westview Press, 1993.

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Liang an guan xi: Research into cross-strait relations. Taibei Shi: Wu nan tu shu chu ban gu fen you xian gong si, 2006.

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Cooperation or conflict in the Taiwan strait? Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999.

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China and Taiwan: Cross-strait relations under Chen Sui-bian. London: Zed Books, 2002.

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Liang an guan xi yan jiu: Perspectives of the relationship across the strait. Taibei Xian Zhonghe Shi: Xin wen jing kai fa chu ban you xian gong si, 2003.

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Liang an he ping san jiao jian gou: Triangulating peace for Tawian strait. Taibei Shi: Xiu wei zi xun ke ji gu fen you xian gong si, 2008.

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Liang an tong he lun: On integration across the Taiwan Strait. Taibei Shi: Sheng zhi wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chinese strain"

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Wang, Xiaohai. "Findings of High Level of Police Social Service Role Strain." In Empowerment on Chinese Police Force's Role in Social Service, 107–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45614-9_5.

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Wang, Xiaohai. "Coping with Police Social Service Role Strain: Findings of the Paramilitary–Bureaucratic Structure and Structural Empowerment of the Police Organization." In Empowerment on Chinese Police Force's Role in Social Service, 111–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45614-9_6.

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Wang, Xiaohai. "Coping with Police Social Service Role Strain: Findings of the Paramilitary–Bureaucratic Structure and Psychological Empowerment of the Police Organization." In Empowerment on Chinese Police Force's Role in Social Service, 133–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45614-9_7.

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Tsang, Steve. "Peace Proposal Two: The Chinese Union Model." In Peace and Security Across the Taiwan Strait, 195–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524538_10.

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Ferrari, Rossella. "Performing the 38th Parallel Across the Taiwan Strait: Territorial Divides and Theatrical Dialogues in East Asia." In Transnational Chinese Theatres, 139–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37273-6_4.

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Gold, Thomas B. "Heady days straddling the Taiwan Strait." In The Field of Chinese Language Education in the U.S., 362–69. New York : Routledge, 2018. | “First published 2018 by Routledge … Abingdon, Oxon … and by Routledge … New York …”: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315144665-36.

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Yu, Fu-Lai Tony, and Diana S. Kwan. "Interpreting the Taiwan Strait Conflict: Taiwanese Versus Chinese Consciousness." In Contemporary Issues in International Political Economy, 149–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6462-4_7.

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Hancock, James F. "Monsoon Islam." In Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade, 189–205. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0015.

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Abstract Summarizing how the Ottoman took over the Middle East, the chapters also outlines the boom of the Muslim trade in Europe. Three powerful Muslim empires eventually ringed the Indian Ocean: the Ottomans controlled the Red Sea, the Safavid Dynasty controlled the Persian Gulf route, and the Mughal Empire covered most of India. The chapters also show the flow of the huge Indian Ocean trading network, stating how Muslim communities grew to become trading empires led by powerful sultans who established strong trading by navigating the seas. The terminals of the ocean trade involves: India, Aden, Ormuz, Swahili Coast of Africa, Strait of Malacca and the City of Malacca, Sumatra and Java, Ceylon, and Moluccas. Also, the chapters provide a summary of the ocean trade with Chinese dynasties and other Far East Asian countries.
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Hsieh, John Fuh-sheng. "Cross-Strait Relations After 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party." In Leadership in a Changing China, 193–203. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403980397_10.

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Feng, Huiyun. "Crisis Deferred: An Operational Code Analysis of Chinese Leaders Across the Strait." In Beliefs and Leadership in World Politics, 151–70. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403983497_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chinese strain"

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Wu, Xingjian, and Jiabi Chen. "Grating strain method for measuring strain field in the vicinity of a crack tip." In Soviet-Chinese Joint Seminar on Holography and Optical Information Processing, edited by Andrei L. Mikaelian. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.140367.

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Zhao, Jianyu, Bingqi Lu, Hai Shen, and Xudong Wang. "Strain measuring technology based on machine vision." In 2015 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2015.7162681.

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Li, Li, Haixiao Liu, Ziyan Geng, and Peng Zan. "Design of a Soft Strain/Curvature Sensor for Smart Wearable Device." In 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2018.8483452.

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Li-ying Lang and Feng Gao. "The hardware design of optical fiber strain sensor demodulation system." In 2010 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2010.5499076.

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Lang Li-ying and Gao Feng. "Temperature compensation for fiber optic strain sensor in smart structures." In 2009 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2009.5192066.

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Chen, Qing, Fangzheng Xue, and Xiumin Li. "Effects of firing patterns on spike strain classification performance of liquid state machine." In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8244185.

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Chen, Fengchen, Yiqiu Tan, Hao Liu, and Baoxin Wang. "Analysis of Strain in Asphalt Pavement Using FRP-OFBG Sensors." In Seventh International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals Congress (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40952(317)85.

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Yang, Chen, and Zixing Lu. "A two-step method for structural damage identification using static residual force and modal strain energy." In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8028490.

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Zhu, Jian-ping, Xing-hua Fan, Min-jiang Zhang, and Shuang Gao. "Study on the Strain Fatigue Threshold of Asphalt Mixture for Long-Life Asphalt Pavement." In Tenth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41127(382)388.

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Wei, Qihang, Xiaoping Hu, Juliang Cao, Minghao Wang, Zhenyi Li, and Wei Cao. "Modeling and analysis of the bending strain across the lever arm based on auto collimation." In 2014 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2014.7007334.

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Reports on the topic "Chinese strain"

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Cai, Wenjie, and Hwan-Ching Tai. String Theories: Chemical Secrets of Italian Violins and Chinese Guqins. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00006.

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The most valuable musical instruments in the world are 17-18th century violins from Cremona, Italy (made by Stradivari and Guarneri), and Chinese guqins (7-string zithers) from the 8-13th century. Today, musicians still prefer these antique instruments for their superior acoustic qualities that cannot be reproduced by later makers. Over the centuries, many theories have been proposed to explain the unique playing properties of famous violins and guqins, but most are based on conjectures rather than factual evidence.
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