Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese speaking immigrants (Brisbane'
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Tran, Uyen N. T. L. "Vietnamese Immigrants in Brisbane, Australia: Perception of Parenting Roles, Child Development, Child Health, Illness, and Disability, and Health Service Utilisation." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (January 23, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/932364.
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The limited research into Vietnamese immigrants suggests that this group may have different perceptions relating to parenting roles, child development, child health, illness, and disability, and differing patterns of health service utilisation. The author conducted a pilot study exploring how Vietnamese immigrants differ from Anglo-Australian in relation to these issues. The pilot, utilising a mixed quantitative and qualitative method, was conducted in Brisbane, Australia, with subjects being existing clients of a health centre. Two focus group discussions were conducted and a structured questionnaire developed from the discussions. Vietnamese immigrants in contrast to Australian-born Caucasians regard the general practitioner as the main health care provider and were less satisfied with English-speaking health services. This study highlights potentially important health-related issues for children of Vietnamese immigrants living in Brisbane, the importance of further research in this area, and the methodological challenges faced when conducting research into Vietnamese immigrants.
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Cohan Shovkovyy, Oleg. "Perceptions of Russian-Speaking Immigrants: A Case Study in Australia." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8377.
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This research was conducted in response to one of the most pressing and challenging questions on the agenda of many government offices around the world - “What can be done to better integrate and assimilate immigrants into host communities?” The qualitative study employed ethnographic methods of gathering data, where 170 Russian-speaking immigrants were observed by the insider in their natural settings, for eight months, and at different locations in Brisbane region of Australia; informal, unstructured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals. During observations, it was noticed that many immigrants had experienced one or another sort of difficulties that prevent them from smooth integration into the host society. The further analysis of data derived from immigrants narratives revealed emerging themes, which allowed identifying five factors that, perceived by immigrants as obstacles to integration: (1) employment, (2) education, (3) healthcare, (4) government assistance, and (5) discrimination. Following the logic of inductive reasoning and assumptions of grounded theory, that is seen as a research method in which the theory is developed from the data, the researcher uses research findings to build behavioral Model of Assimilation/ Integration of immigrants. Developed model not only accurately explains why immigrants resist integration but also offers the pathway to further quantification for the measurement of assimilation.
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Woo, Benjamin K. P. "An evaluation of YouTube in disseminating dementia knowledge to older Chinese in Britain." International Psychogeriatrics 30, no. 10 (March 22, 2018): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218000224.
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Chinese immigrants may dismiss pathological decline of dementia as part of normal aging (Woo and Mehta, 2017). While the internet may be a source of health information for Chinese immigrants, the quality of online dementia information was lower in Chinese than in English (Tsiang and Woo, 2017). Recent studies have demonstrated feasibility of YouTube videos in disseminating health information to the Chinese-speaking general public (Lam et al., 2017; Zheng and Woo, 2017). Therefore, we evaluated the performance of YouTube in targeting Chinese-speaking individuals in Britain who are in the high risk age group (e.g. aged 55 years and above) of developing dementia.
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Tang, Ning, and Colin MacDougall. "Mood Change of English, French and Chinese Immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4711.
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This multicultural study aimed at examining moodchange of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada, and identifying demographic factors that impact the change. 810 immigrants of English, French and Chinese speaking sub-groupswere recruited by purposive-sampling. Using self-reports, respondents answered questions regarding moodchange (moodstatus change and mood belief change) and demography in Multicultural Lifestyle Change Questionnaire of English, French or Chinese version. Data were analyzed statistically for the different immigrant sub-groups. Immigrants of different gender, language and category sub-groups exhibited different Mood Change Rates, Mood Improving Rates,Mood Declining Rates and MoodBelief Change Rates. There was no statistical difference between the ratesof immigrant sub-groups.Mood Change (MoodStatus Change + MoodBelief Change) was correlated positively with Mother Tongue and negatively with Speaking Languages. Mood Status Change was negatively correlated with Marital Status and Highest Level of Education. Mother Tongue, Speaking Languages and Highest Level of Education significantly impacted MoodChange (Mood Status Change + Mood Belief Change). Marital Status and Highest Level of Education significantly influenced Mood Status Change. Immigrants of different sub-groups in Canada experienceddifferentmoodchanges. Marital Status and Highest Level of Educationwerethe main factors impacting Mood Status Change. Mother Tongue and Speaking Languages werethe principal factors influencing Mood Belief Change. Culture was an important factor contributing Mood Change. Acculturation could impact Mood Status Change and Mood Belief Change. Data of immigrant mood change can provide evidence for health policy-making and policy-revising in Canada.
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Tang, Ning, and Colin MacDougall. "Mood Change of English, French and Chinese Immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i1.4711.
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This multicultural study aimed at examining moodchange of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada, and identifying demographic factors that impact the change. 810 immigrants of English, French and Chinese speaking sub-groupswere recruited by purposive-sampling. Using self-reports, respondents answered questions regarding moodchange (moodstatus change and mood belief change) and demography in Multicultural Lifestyle Change Questionnaire of English, French or Chinese version. Data were analyzed statistically for the different immigrant sub-groups. Immigrants of different gender, language and category sub-groups exhibited different Mood Change Rates, Mood Improving Rates,Mood Declining Rates and MoodBelief Change Rates. There was no statistical difference between the ratesof immigrant sub-groups.Mood Change (MoodStatus Change + MoodBelief Change) was correlated positively with Mother Tongue and negatively with Speaking Languages. Mood Status Change was negatively correlated with Marital Status and Highest Level of Education. Mother Tongue, Speaking Languages and Highest Level of Education significantly impacted MoodChange (Mood Status Change + Mood Belief Change). Marital Status and Highest Level of Education significantly influenced Mood Status Change. Immigrants of different sub-groups in Canada experienceddifferentmoodchanges. Marital Status and Highest Level of Educationwerethe main factors impacting Mood Status Change. Mother Tongue and Speaking Languages werethe principal factors influencing Mood Belief Change. Culture was an important factor contributing Mood Change. Acculturation could impact Mood Status Change and Mood Belief Change. Data of immigrant mood change can provide evidence for health policy-making and policy-revising in Canada.
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Cheung, Gary, Susan Gee, Hamish Jamieson, and Ulrich Berger. "What Is Frailty? Perspectives from Chinese Clinicians and Older Immigrants in New Zealand." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 36, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-021-09424-0.
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AbstractThis qualitative study explores the meanings of frailty held by Chinese New Zealanders and Chinese health care professionals with the aim of identifying commonalities as well as potential differences. Two guided focus groups with Mandarin and Cantonese speaking older adults (n = 10), one individual interview with a English speaking older Chinese, and one focus group with Chinese New Zealand health care professionals (n = 7) were held to obtain views on frailty in older adults, followed by transcribing and a thematic qualitative analysis. Three main themes emerged: (1) Frailty is marked by ill-health, multiple chronic and unstable medical comorbidities, and is a linked with polypharmacy; (2) Frailty can involve physical weakness, decline in physical function such as reduced mobility or poor balance, and declining cognitive function; and (3) Frailty is associated with psychological and social health including depression, reduced motivation, social isolation, and loss of confidence. The perspectives of frailty that emerged are congruent with a multi-dimensional concept of frailty that has been described in both Chinese and non-Chinese medical research literature.
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Li, Wenjun, Linda Churchill, Jie Cheng, Rachel Siden, and Annabella Aguirre. "APPROACHES TO RECRUITING NON-ENGLISH-SPEAKING LATE-LIFE CHINESE IMMIGRANTS FOR HEALTHY AGING STUDIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S364—S365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1330.
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Abstract Non-English Speaking late-life Chinese immigrants are hard to reach. We developed a staged, multi-facet, community-engaged approach to recruiting participants for aging research. We first used a direct mail campaign targeting neighborhoods with high concentrations of racial minorities, and sent mails to households with a possible Chinese family name. Invitational letter, interest survey and flyers are printed in traditional and simplified Chinese using large font. Flyers include a colorful graphic portraying diverse racial background. Prior to the mailing, we presented the study at senior centers, faith-based organizations, community centers and bingos that hosted higher rates of minority older adults. We posted study materials in Chinese language schools and Chinese “WeChat” groups. We also encouraged current participants to “tell a friend”. Chinese-English bilingual staff are trained and certified as recruiters. Within two months, over 50 participants from diverse neighborhoods are recruited. Our community-engaged, linguistically and culturally appropriate approach has been highly effective.
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Huang, Vivian, Kitty Ching Lo, and Alexandra J. Fiocco. "Examining the Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Life Orientation Test in Older Chinese Immigrants." Psychological Reports 123, no. 6 (August 9, 2019): 2617–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294119868800.
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The current study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Revised Life Orientation Test (CLOT-R) in a sample of 342 community-dwelling older Chinese immigrants in Canada (mean age = 71.99, SD = 5.62; 58.5% female). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the CLOT-R yields a two-factor model with one item cross-loading on two latent constructs of optimism and pessimism. Analysis further revealed poor internal consistency and convergent validity. Evidence for discriminant and convergent validity was found between optimism and perceived stress, as well as optimism and quality of life. Compared with the factor structure reported in previous Chinese-speaking samples, the modified two-factor structure found in the current group of older Chinese immigrants could be attributed to the heterogeneity of the sample and possible configural variance across culture and age. Overall, the current findings suggest that the CLOT-R may not be a reliable and valid measure to assess dispositional optimism and pessimism among older Chinese immigrants. Theoretical implications and suggestions for further scale development and research is discussed.
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Dudu, Selda. "Employability and Labor Income of Immigrants in the US: A Special Focus on the Roles of Language and Home Country Income Level." World Journal of Applied Economics 8, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22440/wjae.8.1.2.
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Speaking the most-demanded languages is an asset in the labor market. However, coming from a high-income country may give immigrants an advantage in the labor market as those may have more transferable skills. This article investigates the determinants of the employability and labor income of immigrants and newcomer immigrants in the United States (US) labor market, specifically focusing on the role of language and income level of the home country. It applies the Heckman two-step selection procedure to the American Community Survey between 2000 and 2019. The findings show that immigrating from both high-income countries and countries where internationally most widely used languages (English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Chinese) are spoken gives immigrants an advantage in the US labor market compared to those from the countries where only national languages are spoken. This article emphasizes the key role of the income level of the home country on immigrants' labor income in the US. It contributes to the literature by employing the interaction terms of being from the same-income-level countries and the same-languages-speaking countries.
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Wong, Sabrina T., Grace J. Yoo, and Anita L. Stewart. "Examining the Types of Social Support and the Actual Sources of Support in Older Chinese and Korean Immigrants." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 61, no. 2 (September 2005): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/aj62-qqkt-yj47-b1t8.
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This study explored social support domains and actual sources of support for older Chinese and Korean immigrants and compared them to the traditional domains based on mainly White, middle class populations. Fifty-two older Cantonese and Korean speaking immigrants participated in one of eight focus groups. We identified four similar domains: tangible, information/advice, emotional support, and companionship. We also identified needing language support which is relevant for non-English speaking minority populations. Participants discussed not needing emotional support. These Chinese and Korean immigrants had a small number of actual sources of support, relying mainly on adult children for help with personal situations (e.g., carrying heavy groceries, communicating with physicians) and friends for general information/advice (e.g., learning how to speak English, applying for citizenship) and companionship. Immigrant Asians are caught between two different traditions; one that is strongly kinship oriented where needs and desires are subordinated to the interests of the family and one that values independence and celebrates individuality. Despite their reticence in asking for help outside the family, elders are seeking help from other sources, such as ethnic churches and the government.
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Deng, Feiyue, and Catherine B. Chan. "Defining modifiable barriers to uptake of dietary recommendations in Chinese immigrants with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study." FACETS 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2019-0001.
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The objective is to support development of a nutritional intervention for Chinese immigrants with diabetes by defining current deficiencies and identifying modifiable factors and mechanisms of change. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 13 ethnic Chinese with type 2 diabetes identified modifiable problems related to culturally relevant diabetes resources and low cultural acceptability of recommended diets. These factors could be addressed through creation of resources developed in partnership with Chinese-speaking health care professionals and persons with diabetes.
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Tang, Fengyan, Ke Li, Mary Rauktis, and Iris Chi. "IMMIGRATION EXPERIENCES AND COGNITIVE TRAJECTORIES AMONG OLDER CHINESE IMMIGRANTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2476.
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Abstract Some studies have documented cognitive health among older immigrants in the United States; however, little is known about how the life-course immigration experiences were associated with cognitive trajectories among older Chinese immigrants. This study filled the research gap by identifying the patterns of cognitive change trajectory among older Chinese immigrants and examining the associations of immigration experiences (that is, age at migration, reasons for migration, acculturation, perceived discrimination, and preferred dialects) with cognitive trajectories. The sample comprised 2,075 participants from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE), who completed a battery of cognitive tests at four time points (2011-2019). Latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression were utilized. Three latent classes of cognitive trajectories were identified: the low functioning with the fastest decline (LCF, 12%), the moderate functioning with a medium decline rate (MCF, 39%), and the high functioning with the slowest decline (HCF, 48%). Perceiving more discrimination reduced, while speaking Taishanese increased the odds of being in the LCF and MCF. High acculturation only distinguished MCF from HCF after controlling for the known factors of cognition such as age, education, and social engagement. This study identifies a group of older Chinese immigrants who are especially vulnerable to cognitive impairment, and indicates that the immigration-related risks for cognitive decline, such as late-life migration and lower acculturation, could be buffered by education in early life and social engagement post immigration. Practice and policy efforts are needed to increase socioeconomic and cultural opportunities for social integration among older immigrants.
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CHEUNG, MONIT. "MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES EXPRESSED BY THE CANTONESE-CHINESE RADIO LISTENERS." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 43, no. 02 (January 2009): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924620900014x.
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In order to disseminate mental health information to the Cantonese-speaking Chinese immigrants in the greater Houston area in the United States, the author initiated a local radio program to deliver 25 mental health topics to educate and stimulate the interests of the listeners. Once a week for 25 weeks, six shows were pre-recorded, and 19 shows were broadcasted live to receive phone-in calls from listeners. Among these weekly radio shows, 31 calls were received and answered. All female callers (n = 22) addressed parenting and emotional issues, while most male callers (n = 8; 89%) described being maltreated by their wife. The purpose of this qualitative practice update is to use content analysis data to inform practitioners about the unaddressed mental health needs of Chinese immigrants and make service planning suggestions based on "unheard voices".
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Dow, Briony, Xiaoping Lin, Nancy A. Pachana, Christina Bryant, Dina LoGiudice, Anita M.Y. Goh, and Betty Haralambous. "Reliability, concurrent validity, and cultural adaptation of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory for detecting depression and anxiety symptoms among older Chinese immigrants: an Australian study." International Psychogeriatrics 30, no. 5 (November 8, 2017): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217002332.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Older Chinese people are one of the largest and fastest growing immigrant groups in Western countries. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) are screening tools that have been specifically designed for older people. This study explored their validity, concurrent reliability, and cultural appropriateness for detecting depression and anxiety symptoms among older Chinese immigrants living in Melbourne, Australia.Methods:A total of 87 Chinese people were recruited from Chinese senior groups. Five screening tools were used, including the GDS, the GAI, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Kessler 10 (K10), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data were collected through standardized interviews.Results:The GDS and the GAI were found to be reliable and valid tools for detecting depression and anxiety in this sample. Based on the results of the five screening tools, approximately 20% of participants exhibited clinically significant symptoms of depression and 8% of anxiety. Unexpectedly, there was a higher rate of depression and anxiety symptoms among Mandarin speaking people compared with Cantonese speaking people.Conclusion:This study adds to the evidence that older Chinese immigrants are at greater risk of depression than the general older population. It suggests that primary care and mental health services should be aware of and responsive to the increased risk of depression among this group and that further studies are needed to investigate what is contributing to this increased risk.
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Tang, Ning, Colin MacDougall, and Danijela Gasevic. "Smoking change of English-, French-, and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada." International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 4, no. 11 (2015): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2015.09022015306.
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Koehn, S. D., K. N. Li, C. Reid, and J. Baumbusch. "QUALITY OF LIFE IN RESIDENTIAL LONG-TERM CARE: CHINESE-SPEAKING IMMIGRANTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2732.
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Wu, Sufen. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE UNNARRATABLE IN FAE MYENNE NG’S BONE." International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) 5, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.v5i2.3897.
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Bone, a novel written by Chinese American novelist Fae Myenne Ng, is concerned with the fictional history of a family of Chinese immigrants who live in the Chinatown of San Francisco from the 1960’s to 1990’s. In Bone, Ng not only does a good job in speaking out the difficulties and hardships the immigrants encounter on the new soil but also hides some information beneath the surface, leaving it unnarrated, like Ona’s inner activities and Mah’s adultery and the Chinese Exclusion Law. Therefore, this study, drawing on the theory of the unnarratable put forward by Warhol, aims to study the supranarratable, the antinarratable, and the paranarratable, three categories of the unnarratable, so as to discover the connection between the author’s intentions with the text and to fumble out the hidden plot within Ng’s Bone. Only when we find out the unnarrated and combine it with the narrated can we better understand the Chinese Americans’ stories and their unspeakable bone-piercing pain.
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Li, Wenjun, Linda Churchill, Jie Cheng, Rachel Siden, Annabella Aguirre, and Kevin Kane. "MEASURING SPACE AND TIME USE, PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AMONG NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING LATE-LIFE ASIAN IMMIGRANTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S196—S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.709.
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Abstract Little is known about the health and health care needs of non-English Speaking late-life Asian immigrants. Due to language barriers and memory issues, self-report data are unreliable for investigating activity patterns in this population. In the ongoing NIA-funded Healthy Aging and Neighborhood Study, we developed a novel method to objectively measure space and time use, location- and time-specific physical and social activities using accelerometer (ACC) and Global Positioning System (GPS) devices. The study has recruited over 150 Caucasians and 150 minorities including 50 non-English speaking late-life Asian immigrants. The participants answered surveys in their preferred language (English, Spanish, traditional or simplified Chinese) and wore ACC/GPS devices for 7 to 10 full days. Activity levels and geographic locations are recorded every 30 seconds. Using the combined ACC/GPS data, time- and location-specific activity amounts, time use and mobility patterns are objectively measured. Baseline findings will be reported at the GSA conference.
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Tang, Ning, and Colin MacDougall. "Alcohol consumption change of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa and Gatineau, Canada." Journal of Public Health 23, no. 3 (April 3, 2015): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-015-0666-7.
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Ju, Rujin, Nazema Siddiqui, Joanne Garrett, Liping Feng, and Michael Heit. "A validated translation of a survey for measuring incontinence knowledge in Chinese-speaking American immigrants." International Urogynecology Journal 28, no. 6 (December 6, 2016): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-016-3215-1.
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Li, Yawen, C. Richard Hofstetter, Dennis Wahlgren, Veronica Irvin, Doug Chhay, and Melbourne F. Hovell. "Social networks and immigration stress among first-generation Mandarin-speaking Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles." International Journal of Social Welfare 24, no. 2 (June 17, 2014): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12103.
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Qi, Bing-Bing, and Barbara Resnick. "Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Versions of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations for Osteoporosis Medication Adherence Scales in Chinese Immigrants." Journal of Nursing Measurement 22, no. 3 (2014): 472–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.22.3.472.
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Background and Purpose: To assess the psychometric properties of Chinese versions self-efficacy and outcome expectations on osteoporosis medication adherence (SEOMA-C and OEOMA-C) scales. Methods: Back-translated tools were assessed by internal consistency and R2 by structured equation modeling, confirmatory factor analyses, hypothesis testing, and criterion-related validity among 110 (81 females, 29 males) Mandarin-speaking immigrants (mean age = 63.44, SD = 9.63). Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for SEOMA-C and OEOMA-C is .904 and .937, respectively. There was fair and good fit of the measurement model to the data. Previous bone mineral density (BMD) testing, calcaneus BMD, self-efficacy for exercise, and osteoporosis medication adherence were positively related to SEOMA-C scores. Conclusion: These scales constitute some preliminary validity and reliability. Further refined and cultural sensitive items could be explored and added.
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White, Lesley, and Christiane Klinner. "Medicine use of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants and attitudes to home medicines review." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 1 (2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10099.
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There is a paucity of research into the perceptions of elderly Australian ethnic minorities towards public health services related to quality use of medicines. Among the six fastest growing ethnic groups in Australia, the Mandarin-speaking Chinese and Vietnamese constitute the largest elderly populations with poor English skills. This paper investigates the relationships of elderly Chinese and Vietnamese migrants with medicines, general practitioners and pharmacists, and how these relationships influence their awareness and attitudes of the home medicines review (HMR) program. Two semi-structured focus groups were held with a total of 17 HMR-eligible patients who have never received a HMR, one with Chinese and one with Vietnamese respondents, each in the respective community language. Confusion about medications and an intention to have a HMR were pronounced among all participants although none of them had heard of the program before participating in the focus groups. Respondents reported difficulties locating a pharmacist who spoke their native language, which contributed to an increased unmet need for medicine information. The Chinese group additionally complained about a lack of support from their general practitioners in relation to their medicine concerns and was adamant that they would prefer to have a HMR without the involvement of their general practitioner. Our results indicate a distinct HMR need but not use among elderly Chinese and Vietnamese eligible patients with poor English skills. Home medicines review service use and perceived medication problems are likely to improve with an increasing availability of bilingual and culturally sensitive health care providers.
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Guccini, Federica, and Mingyuan Zhang. "'Being Chinese' in Mauritius and Madagascar: Comparing Chinese diasporic communities in the western Indian Ocean." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 4, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v4i2.79.
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Chinese migration to the Western Indian Ocean since the 1800s was part of an earlier historical trend that saw European colonial powers setting up plantation economies that required foreign laborers. Migrants from Southern China arrived in Mauritius and Madagascar first as indentured laborers, and later as free merchants. Despite many similarities between the two diasporas, they differed in terms of their cultural and linguistic propensities. Furthermore, since the 1990s, both Mauritius and Madagascar have been experiencing rising influences of Mandarin-speaking Chinese immigrants working in infrastructure construction, commercial and educational sectors. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in these two Western Indian Ocean countries between 2015 and 2020, this paper applies the theoretical lens of ‘diaspora-for-others,’ featured in this special issue, to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese migration trajectories to Mauritius and Madagascar, and their respective diasporic identity formations. Local socio-historical contexts in Mauritius, Madagascar, and China influence the transnational experiences of Mauritian and Malagasy Chinese communities, which further contributes to their heterogeneous, fluid and changing cultural identities. In addition, the People’s Republic of China’s increasing engagement in Western Indian Ocean countries as a gateway to Africa in the past two decades has also created more nuances in the distinguishable boundaries within the Chinese diaspora communities in the region.
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Beaulieu, Suzie, Javier Bejarano, Leif Michael French, and Kristin Reinke. "Professional Identities of French Lx Economic Immigrants: Perceptions from a Local French-Speaking Community." Languages 7, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020140.
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Communicative expertise in the host society’s dominant language is central to newcomers’ socio-professional integration. To date, SLA research has largely ignored laypeople’s perspectives about Lx communicative expertise, though they are the ultimate judges of real-life interactional success. Sociolinguistic studies have shown that laypeople may base their judgments of Lx speech not only on linguistic criteria, but also on extralinguistic factors such as gender and language background. To document laypeople perspectives, we investigated the professional characteristics attributed to four ethnolinguistic groups of French Lx economic immigrants (Spanish, Chinese, English and Farsi) who were nearing completion of the government-funded French language training program in Quebec City, Canada. We asked L1 naïve listeners (N = 49) to evaluate spontaneous speech excerpts, similar in terms of content and speech qualities, produced by a man and a woman from each target group. After they listened to each audio excerpt, we asked listeners to select the characteristics they associated with that person from a list of the most frequent professional qualities found in job advertisements. Data analysis showed that few Lx users were perceived as having strong communication skills in French. Logistic regression revealed no significant relationships between language group, gender, communicative effectiveness, and professional characteristics. However, there were significant associations between communicative effectiveness with the following characteristics: can work independently, can relate to others, is dynamic, has a sense of initiative, and shows leadership skills.
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Koo, Fung Kuen. "A Case Study on the Perception of Aging and Participation in Physical Activities of Older Chinese Immigrants in Australia." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 19, no. 4 (October 2011): 388–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.19.4.388.
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This qualitative study explores how older Hong Kong Chinese Australians perceive aging and to what extent this perception affects their participation in physical activities. The main methods used were in-depth interviews with 22 participants ranging in age from 60 to 91 years. Interviews were translated from Chinese (Cantonese) and transcribed into English. Content analysis was used to find recurring themes from the interview data. The main findings indicate that the perception of aging is to some extent influenced by culture. Some participants defined aging as being measured in years, and others defined it by the state of one’s physical health, appearance, and capacity to continue fulfilling one’s social roles. These perceptions strongly influenced their preferences for and participation in physical activities. Acknowledging the fact that Chinese-speaking people are not culturally homogeneous, this article makes some recommendations to health service providers with regard to the development of appropriate physical activity programs.
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Rokib, Mohammad. "One House Two Temples: The Ambivalence of Local Chinese Buddhism in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Kawalu: Journal of Local Culture 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/kawalu.v6i1.2043.
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The Chinese community in Yogyakarta is used to culturallydivided into two groups: peranakan and totok. The peranakanwere Chinese with local roots. This group was usually influenced by local Javanese culture. Their language also oftenused Javanese language elements. Mosttotokwere Chinese immigrants and their immediate descendants who were less acculturated and more strongly oriented towards China. They spoke various Chinese dialects at home rather than speaking Indonesian. This paper observes these two Chinese communities in Yogyakarta, particularly with reference to the Gondoman district, one of the largest areas with Chinese ethnic population. I emphasize here that Gondomananklenteng is an ambivalence worship place. Klenteng and Buddha Prabhaviharaare two temples that having different rituals and different religious teachings. The Gondomananklentenghas been obligating klentengmembers to pray to the ancestor, whereas the same members havealso practiced Buddhism in the Buddha Prabhavihara, in the backside of the klenteng. The two templesrepresent two religions; klenteng indicates traditional religion that is practiced by their ancestors, while vihara is a worship place that implements some Buddhism obligations. This fact indicates an ambivalent worship place.
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Li, Clara, Judith Neugroschl, Carolyn W. Zhu, Mari Umpierre, Jane Martin, Xiaoyi Zeng, Qiying Huang, Hillel Grossman, Dongming Cai, and Mary Sano. "Cognitive test battery for evaluating elderly Chinese Americans." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 04 (October 2, 2018): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218001060.
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ABSTRACTObjectives:This study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of a Chinese test battery for evaluating cognitive loss in elderly Chinese Americans.Methods:Data from a pilot study at the Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center was examined. All participants were > 65 years old, primarily Chinese speaking, with adequate sensorimotor capacity to complete cognitive tests. A research diagnosis of normal mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was assigned to each participant in consensus conference. Composite scores were created to summarize test performance on overall cognition, memory, attention executive function, and language. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the sensitivity of each cognitive domain for discriminating three diagnostic categories. Adjustment was made for demographic variables (i. e., age, gender, education, primary language, and years living in the USA).Results:The sample included 67 normal, 37 MCI, and 12 AD participants. Performance in overall cognition, memory, and attention executive function was significantly worse in AD than in MCI, and performance in MCI was worse than in normal controls. Language performance followed a similar pattern, but differences did not achieve statistical significance among the three diagnostic groups.Conclusions:This study highlights the need for cognitive assessment in elderly Chinese immigrants.
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Paper, Li Chuang. "An ESL Motivations Assessment for a Community-Based ESL Program." TESL Canada Journal 7, no. 2 (June 26, 1990): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v7i2.567.
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This paper concerns an ESL motivations assessment of adult Chinese learners at Chinese Information and Community Services (CICS). 512 ESL learners participated in the survey. The findings of the survey are as follows: (I) The motives of adult Chinese immigrants attending ESL classes include linguistic needs, basic skills, cultural awareness, social interaction, and writing resumes. (2) There are no significant differences in perceived motivations according to age, education level, and length of stay in Canada; however, there are slight differences among a few indicators. (3) The implications to ESL teaching are that a) teaching objectives at the CICS of Metropolitan Toronto should include both the teaching of English and Canadian culture; b) the teaching of English should focus on language needed for conducting everyday life and social interaction; c) all four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) should be taught at the same time with more emphasis on the first three skills; d) pronunciation and vocabulary teaching is also necessary.
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Цзюй, Куньи. "The “Harbin text” of the first half of the 20th century in Harbiners’ verbal stories." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2019.20.4.010.
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Предметом исследования в статье стали устные рассказы харбинцев (русских, метисов, китайцев) о жизни в Харбине первой половины XX в., которые были собраны в результате полевых исследований 2015-2019 гг. в Благовещенске, Москве, Санкт-Петербурге, Харбине, Пекине. В подборке материалов представлены воспоминания представителей разных этнических, социальных и политических групп: потомков русских эмигрантов, китайских мигрантов, детей служащих КВЖД, детей китайских партийных деятелей, которые оказались в Харбине в результате революционных событий и Гражданской войны, миграционных процессов в Маньчжурию со стороны Центрального Китая, революционных событий в самом Китае и образования КНР. В работе сделана попытка дать определение понятия «харбинский текст» культуры и истории, представить методику исследования устных рассказов, бытующих в русскоязычной и китайскоязычной среде, как жанра городского фольклора. The subject of this article are oral stories of Harbin residents (Russians, mixedblood, and Chinese) about life in Harbin in the first half of the twentieth century. Memorates were collected as a result of field research in 2015-2019 in Blagoveshchensk, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Harbin and Beijing. This collection of materials presents the memories of representatives of different ethnic, social and political groups: descendants of Russian immigrants, Chinese migrants, children of the CER (Chinese Eastern Railway) employees, children of Chinese Party leaders who found themselves in Harbin as a result of revolutionary events and the Civil War, migration to Manchuria from Central China, revolutionary events in China itself and the formation of the PRC. The work gives an interpretation of the concept of “Harbin text” of culture and history, defines the methodology for the study of memorials in the Russian-speaking and Chinese-speaking environment. Memorials about Harbin are studied as a genre of urban folklore.
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Chen, Wei-Ti, and Justin Wang. "Chinese Female Immigrants English-Speaking Ability and Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Practices in the New York Metropolitan Area." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 14, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.733.
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Chao, Feng-Mei, and Qiao Yu Cai. "A Retrospective View of Using Translation in Chinese Teaching." International Educational Research 2, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ier.v2n1p1.
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For non-native Chinese speaking adult immigrants, learning Chinese as a second language with the help of translation is cognitively natural. Such learners, already versed in their mother tongue, can well justify themselves to have “the ability to move appropriately between languages” when translation can be seen as a natural language skill to use, often being used with these learners’ scant awareness. Moreover, what goes on in learners’ mind is an on-going process that not only draws on analytical and associative resources but also a more elaborated analysis of the new input in an effort to turn the input into intake. Meanwhile, translation is a communicative tool that both the teacher and students find it practical to use in a class. Understanding how to maximize this tool to enhance learners’ learning becomes indispensable. The present investigation focuses on classroom observation of two classes where non-native speakers of different proficiency take Chinese lessons for three months. Both teacher-learner and learner-learner interaction indicates translation is a handy medium that learners use to assist learning a new language. Learners with the same language background readily use their mother tongue to help one another grasp the linguistic concepts under study. Other than that, English serves as a common denominator for the interaction between a teacher and his/ her learners.
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Lee, Young-Suk. "Rethinking the “Yellow Peril”: Charles Pearson’s Views and Related Debates." Asian Review of World Histories 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340116.
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Abstract At the end of the nineteenth century, texts and discourses around the world abounded with fear and contempt for Chinese immigrants, specifically contract workers. This outpouring is remembered as talk of a “Yellow Peril.” Charles Pearson introduced the theme (though not its best-known phrase) to the English-speaking world in 1893, with the publication of a bleak manifesto he’d written about the West’s future as he saw it. The present article examines Pearson’s views and the intellectual debates regarding them. A century ago, the international supply of Chinese workers contributed little to China’s prosperity. Today, as a center of consumer goods supply, China contributes to the prosperity of the Western capitalist world while continuing its own rapid economic growth. For this reason, today’s apprehension about China is based on the fear of the emergence of a communist regime as a superpower. In this respect, the current fear of China differs from the “Yellow Peril” discourse of the past. Nevertheless, the discourse may have influenced today’s concerns and apprehensions about China.
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Li, Wenjun, Shantha Balaswamy, and Allen Glicksman. "INTEREST GROUP SESSION—AGING AMONG ASIANS: RESEARCH METHODS IN AGING AMONG ASIANS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1329.
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Abstract Asians are the largest and the fastest growing segment of the world population. Asian immigrants are the second largest immigrant population in the U.S. However, age-related social and health issues are understudied among late-life immigrant and the oldest old Asians. Little data exist to support public health promotion, policy studies and clinical practice in this population. To advance research into aging among Asians living in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world, sound methodologies can be adopted from those well-developed in other settings while novel methodologies are to be developed to meet the unique needs of Asian studies. This symposium brings together four abstracts that address a variety of common methodological issues in social and health studies among Asian older adults. The topics range from culturally and linguistically appropriate strategies for recruiting non-English speaking research participants, assessment of social isolation and transportation barriers using an ethnographical approach, development of a new culturally appropriate measure for successful aging among the oldest old Chinese in China, and evaluation of preventive healthcare use among faith-based first-generation Chinese immigrants using self-administered surveys in the U.S. These studies involve qualitative ethnographical analysis, mixed methods for instrument development, quantitative data analysis, use of geographic information systems and demography to plan participant recruitment, and use of staged community engagement to increase efficiency and representativeness of participant recruitment. Lessons learned from these studies are valuable to future studies on aging among Asians. This symposium is a collaborative effort of the GSA Aging Among Asians Interest Group.
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Toyokawa, Noriko, and Vivian Lou. "Immigrant Older Adults: Is Diversity a Challenge for a Global Initiative?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2984.
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Abstract Although the global community has discussed needs for establishing international standards of health care for immigrant older adults for decades, it is challenging for policy makers to consider international standards that could meet diverse needs for older adults from various migrant groups. The purpose of this symposium is to discuss challenges and possible strategies to develop global standards to protect immigrant older adults. There will be four presentations on the topic of various needs of older adults from different migrant groups. Noriko Toyokawa will present a study in diversity in parents’ expectations on filial piety among immigrant older adults from different racial/ethnic groups in the Southern California. Weiyu Mao and her colleagues will present their study in the perceived neighborhood cohesion as a protective factor for older Chinese immigrants’ oral health. Allen Glicksman and his colleagues will report the diversity across migrant groups and State Policies that create a challenge in using finding to establish global standards for best practices with older migrants based on a series studies on Mandarin speaking Chinese and Puerto Rican older immigrants. Finally, Mika Marumoto will suggest the ‘reframing of aging initiative’ as a possible means of leading the way of cultivating transformative solutions. Vivian Lou will comment on each presentation, discuss common themes among the presented studies, and address future research directions. With the audience, the presenters will discuss challenges in dealing with diversity issues and suggestions for a global initiative to protect human rights and health care accessibilities for immigrant older adults.
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Huang, Becky H., and Alison L. Bailey. "The Long-Term English Language and Literacy Outcomes of First-Generation Former Child Immigrants in the United States." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, no. 11 (November 2016): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611801108.
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Background/Context Children from Asian ethnic backgrounds currently constitute the second largest group of child immigrants in the United States. Although stereotyped as model minority students due to their academic and economic success, studies have revealed that many Asian immigrant students struggle in school. Research has also shown that, compared to child immigrants from an Indo-European language background such as Spanish and French, Asian child immigrants experience more challenges in learning English as a second language (L2) due to greater cross-linguistic differences. However, little is known about the long-term English language outcomes of first-generation Asian child immigrants. Purpose/Objective The present study examines the effects of learner-level and input-level factors on first-generation Asian child immigrants’ long-term English outcomes. Research Design Data for the current study are selected from a larger correlational and cross-sectional study that examined the effect of the age of arrival variable on Chinese immigrants’ English L2 outcomes. We used two criteria to select participants from the larger study: (1) those who had arrived in the United States between the ages of 5 to 18 (to qualify as a “child immigrant”), and (2) those who had resided in the United States for at least 10 years (to examine long-term outcomes). These criteria resulted in the current sample of 69 participants. The English language proficiency data include participants’ phonological production ratings, performances on a grammaticality judgment task, and their self-ratings of English proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Conclusions/Recommendations The current study showed a complex interplay of factors affecting former child immigrants’ English L2 acquisition. Although age of arrival played a critical role in their L2 learning outcomes, it exerted varying degrees of influence by L2 domain. Age of arrival was a strong predictor of L2 phonological production, grammar knowledge, and oral language proficiency, but not literacy skills. L2 input, language learning aptitude, and child immigrants’ affective status also contributed to their L2 outcomes, and carried more weight than age of arrival. We interpreted the results to be in line with the multiple sensitive period hypothesis in developmental psycholinguistics research. The results also suggested that literacy is not susceptible to age-related effects in the same way in which oral language and more specifically the phonological and syntactic systems are. Literacy as a cultural construct rather than a biologically unique human system is intensively taught throughout the school years and curriculum. Malleable factors, such as instruction and reading strategies, are thus perhaps more important in determining child immigrants’ long-term literacy outcomes.
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Simmons, Richard VanNess. "The Dōngběi varieties of Mandarin." Restructuring Chinese Speech Communities 26, no. 1 (June 9, 2016): 56–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.26.1.03van.
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The Dōngběi dialects comprise a Mandarin subgroup that is related to, but nevertheless clearly distinct from, the Běijīng dialect. The dialects are an exceedingly young variety formed by a huge wave of emigrants from northern Chinese provinces who moved into the theretofore sparsely populated Manchurian territory in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The new immigrants were primarily from Shāndōng and Héběi and they came in numbers that overwhelmed the languages spoken by the previous inhabitants, comingling with each other, then developing into a new set of regional varieties of Mandarin. This paper first examines the history of the population in China’s northeast and its growth from the beginning of the Qīng dynasty in the mid 17th century to its peak in the 20th, paying particular attention to the origins of the large Chinese speaking migration into the region at the end of the dynasty. Following, our study looks at the phonology and lexicon of the new regional varieties — the northeastern Mandarin dialects, investigating their characteristics and classification to show that historical and geographic factors have resulted in discernable differences between the Dōngběi and Běijīng dialects, differences that are sufficient to warrant separate classification.
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潘淑滿, 潘淑滿, 鄭期緯 鄭期緯, 黃筱芸 黃筱芸, and 楊榮宗 楊榮宗. "跨境遷移下的家庭與工作共容：以澳洲泛華裔女性移民為例." 社會工作與社會福利學刊 1, no. 1 (December 2023): 33–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/295861272022120001002.
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研究目的泛華裔女性移民跨境遷移，依然受到傳統家族主義影響，在家庭與工作中擺盪與尋求平衡。本研究探討來自不同國家、不同移民類型、在家庭生命週期不同階段的泛華裔女性移民，移居澳洲後，面對家庭－工作衝突的因應及其家庭性別權力關係。 研究方法透過深度訪談法，在澳洲墨爾本訪問20位，來自台灣、香港、中國已婚女性移民，並運用主題分析法進行資料分析。 研究結果受訪者的家庭－工作共容及其策略運用，受到家庭生命週期階段及傳統與澳洲文化交織影響，透過「三角」、「四角」協商，歸納三種「階段」因應模式，而次文化團體存在「同中存異」現象。次文化團體同樣受到傳統文化影響家庭－工作共容策略，而「面子文化」與「家族主義」對於中國受訪者的「婚姻關係」與「做生意」有較多影響。澳洲是多元文化國家，教育與勞動制度設計仍未考量移民家庭需要，反而強化移民家庭內部的性別不平等。泛華裔女性移民的家庭－工作共容策略，在不同家庭生命週期階段，受到傳統家庭主義與性別文化交織影響個人到家族內外系統的協商，形成三種動態的階段因應模式。 研究建議本研究結果不僅具時代意義，亦可提供多元文化社會、移民政策、家庭社會工作實務的參考。Research Purpose: Chinese female immigrants, influenced by traditional Confucian familism, are often found to juggle between work and family, trying to seek a balance during the processes of migration and settlement. The purpose of this research was to explore the coping strategies for family-work conflict and the gender-family power relationship among Chinese female immigrants who are from different places, migrated under different types of Visa, and were in the different stages of the family life. Method: This research adopted qualitative design, using thematic analysis method. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with married, female immigrants from Taiwan (6 people), Hong Kong (5 people), and China (9 people) in Melbourne, Australia. Each in-depth interview took about 1.5 to 2 hours. The in-depth interview outline included: (1) participants’ migration status and post-migration life experiences; (2) post-migration work experiences, reconciliation of work and family life, and negotiating with the family; (3) the role of informal support system plays in work and family arrangements. Participants are aged between 37 and 62 years old, and the majority (16 people) holds a bachelor’s degree or higher qualifications. They came to Australia under various types of immigration visa, including, skilled immigrants (7 people), investment immigrants (4 people), spouses of international marriage (4 people), and international students (5 people). This research complies with research ethics and had been approved by a university research ethics committee (approval numbers 201705HS024). Results: The family life cycle of female immigrants in this research can be divided into four stages, including childless adults, post-migration childbearing, preschool-age children, and school-age children. For participants who never had a child, it’s evident that they didn’t experience conflict between work and family, and their work experiences were impacted by their individual social capital. Participants who had a child right after migration experienced greater challenges in work and family conflict due to lack of preparedness and adjustment. For participants who had preschool-age children at the time of migration, the majority chose to leave the job and focused on childcare. Some participants who had school-age children re-entered the workplace; however they still took childcare and household duties into consideration. is research found that reconciliation of work and family is subject to the stages of the family life cycle and determined by Chinese-speaking female immigrants’ negotiation with their husbands, informal support system (eg. extended family members), and formal support system (eg. paid childcare and parenting leave). Through the three- or four-party negotiation, three types of “stage” coping mode were adopted by participants. Female immigrant participants who adopted one-stage coping mode (short or no break in employment) were more likely to use both formal and informal resources to provide care and support to the family. They often have more equal gender division of labor in family. For participants who used two- or three-stage coping modes (not return to work or re-enter the workforce after a long break), there was a lack of family negotiation, and their male spouses were often absent from housework duties or childcare. This reached also found that Chinese-speaking female immigrants’ coping strategies were not differentiated by their places of origin. However, there were some differences within these three subcultural groups due to their informal support resources and employment experiences. This research found that participants from Taiwan and Hong Kong tend to negotiate with their husbands, while those from China were inclined to connect cross-broader resources (informal support from the extended family) to achieve family goals and personal development. This research also found that the influence of “Face culture” and “Familism” has the stronger impact on martial relationship and the choice of business investment among participants from China. Conclusion: Even though Australia is a multicultural society, this research suggested that gender inequality can be reinforced by Australian education systems and labor markets, due to its lacking consideration of the needs of immigrant family. This research, by focusing on the work and family compatibility of three Chines-speaking female communities, contributes to a better understanding of different “stage” coping modes of female immigrants. The findings of this research also provide implications for multicultural society, immigration policy, and family social work practice. Suggestion: 1.Australia and Taiwan have very different employment systems and labor markets. For people who plan to immigrate to Australia, it is a necessity that they understand local labor markets and skills required and prepare themselves for reskilling or upskilling if needed. This transition requires financial support and good mentality. 2.Taiwan is gradually becoming a multicultural society. Families from diverse cultural backgrounds bring new challenges to social work practice. When providing support to families with diverse cultural backgrounds, social workers need to be aware of challenges and needs of families have when they are in the different stages of the family life cycle. 3.The government shall actively develop a diversified and flexible immigration policy to attract professionals and skilled immigrants or encourage the international students staying in Taiwan after graduation. For immigrant family members, the government shall provide free Chinese learning courses via multiple learning channels. By organizing multicultural events and school activities, immigrant and local families can have a better understanding towards each other’s cultures and further reduce social barriers.
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Wong, Elaine. "Translingual Poets in Colonial and Postcolonial Taiwan." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 19, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2022-19-1-28-35.
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In the mid-1940s, Taiwan underwent a change of ruling power from colonial Japan to the Kuomintang Party from China. Both governments implemented monolingualization on the Taiwanese population. In this article, we examine the situation translingual position in a historical aspect, dwelling in detail on the work of the outstanding Taiwanese poet Chen Qianwu. We come to several conclusions that may be useful to researchers in the field of translingual literature. 1. Taiwans translingual poets, born in the 1920s, found themselves in a situation of permanent code switching: using the local dialects of Hokkien and Hakka in everyday practice, they were trained in Japanese and used Japanese in a wider society. 2. Although the switch between one monolingual paradigm and another violated the creative result of translational authors, this did not exclude the experience of multilingual realities and interlingual influences that they experienced from the fragmentation of local identities, especially during the development and formation of Taiwanese linguistic consciousness. 3. The literary intermediaries between the paradigms were: the classical Chinese writing, brought with the first immigrants from China; vernacular Chinese writing, influenced by the New Literary Movement in the 1920s; Taiwanese writing based on the most common dialects, Hokkien and Hakka (the idea of speaking and writing in unison); Japanese writing, which was originally studied in school along with Chinese, but supplanted it. The switch from Japanese, the colonial official language, to Mandarin Chinese, the postcolonial official language, led to a so-called translingual generation of literary writers. While the switch from one monolingual paradigm to another disrupted the creative output of the translingual generation, it did not prevent these writers from developing a Taiwanese consciousness. As illustrated by the poet Chen Qianwu, language crossing experiences strengthened the translingual generations assertion of their local identities.
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Dhingra, Lara, Kin Y. Lam, William Cheung, Theresa Shao, Victor Tsu-Shih Chang, Jack Chen, Sabrina Cheng, et al. "The prevalence and burden of cancer symptoms among underserved Chinese American patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2012): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.106.
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106 Background: Chinese Americans are the largest Asian subgroup in the U.S., and many are recent immigrants with high rates of cancer, a leading cause of death for this population. Although Chinese American patients frequently present with advanced illness and poorly controlled pain, information on symptom burden in this population is very limited. As part of an ongoing community study to test the effectiveness of a rapid-cycle quality improvement (QI) intervention to enhance symptom management, we evaluated the prevalence and burden of cancer symptoms in a large sample of first-generation, non-English speaking, ethnic Chinese patients. Methods: A consecutive sample of Chinese American patients in two large community-based oncology practices and one hospital-based practice in New York were screened for cancer symptoms. Eligible adults who self-identified as ethnic Chinese, spoke Cantonese or Mandarin as their primary language, and had a history of cancer completed translated instruments assessing symptom prevalence, severity, and distress administered by bilingual research assistants. The study was approved by the IRB at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York. Results: Of 1,018 cancer patients screened to date (62.2% women; M age = 64.0 years (SD = 13.7, range = 23 to 101); 20.6% reported persistent cancer pain for the past month. The most common cancers were breast (34.3%) lung (12.6%), and head and neck (11.8%) and 41.9% were undergoing active treatment. The mean worst pain intensity on a 0-10 numeric scale was 5.5 (SD = 2.2), with 34.4% rating their worst pain as > 6 of 10. Many (84.5%) reported other symptoms, including fatigue (54.4%), dry mouth (52.4%), difficulty sleeping (44.8%), and drowsiness (37.5%). Overall, 32.7% rated their symptoms as “quite a bit” or “very much” distressing, with sleep disturbance (33.1%), lack of appetite (31.3%), and constipation (29.2%) causing the most severe distress. Conclusions: Symptom burden is high among community-dwelling, economically-disadvantaged ethnic Chinese cancer patients. Our ongoing QI intervention may alleviate the high symptom rate in this population and clarify potential patient, provider, and system-related factors that are associated with symptom control outcomes.
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Parsard, Kaneesha Cherelle. "Criticism as Proposition." South Atlantic Quarterly 121, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-9561559.
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What is possible when empire is uncertain about its authority? This essay looks to West Indian Emancipation, a moment of crisis, for a method. As emancipated peoples of African descent became wage laborers, and set the terms of their work, the sugar industry required free—unbonded—labor. With the arrival of Asian indentured labor, however, it became more difficult to manage the imbrications of race, gender, sexuality, capital, and labor. Proposition takes advantage of this epistemological and enunciative quandary. By dwelling in cultural and historical archives, proposition offers new possibilities about emancipation’s present and the futures that might follow. This essay considers this matrix through an 1871 correspondence between the secretary of state for the colonies and Governor Rawson William Rawson of Barbados and the Windward Islands. The question at hand: “the increasing disposition of Creole women to form connection with Chinese and Indian immigrants.” This question does not compel a fantasy of interracial intimacy. Rather, it suggests that good work and the racial family were crucial to the life of the plantation—and that unsanctioned “connection” might hasten its demise. Proposition is a critical mode of speaking back, a mode of testing alternative timelines and scenes of freedom.
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Liu, Mandong, Tongge Jiang, Kexin Yu, Shinyi Wu, Maryalice Jordan-Marsh, and Iris Chi. "Care Me Too, a Mobile App for Engaging Chinese Immigrant Caregivers in Self-Care: Qualitative Usability Study." JMIR Formative Research 4, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): e20325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20325.
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Background Caregiving and self-care are challenging for Chinese immigrants in the United States due to limited accessible support and resources. Few interventions exist to assist Chinese immigrant caregivers in better performing self-care. To address this gap in the literature, our team developed the Care Me Too app to engage Chinese immigrant caregivers in self-care and conducted a user experience test to assess its usability and acceptability. Objective This paper aims to report the results of the app’s usability and acceptability testing with Chinese immigrant caregivers and to solicit participants’ feedback of the app design and functions. Methods A total of 22 Mandarin-speaking Chinese caregivers participated in the study, which consisted of 2 parts: the in-lab testing and the 1-week at-home testing. In-depth face-to-face interviews and follow-up phone interviews were used to assess user experience of the app’s usability and acceptability and to solicit feedback for app design and functions. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results Among the 22 participants, the average age was 60.5 (SD 8.1) years, ranging from 46 to 80 years; 17 (77%) participants were women and 14 (64%) had an associate degree or higher. Participants reported uniformly positive ratings of the usability and acceptability of the app and provided detailed suggestions for app improvement. We generated guidelines for mobile health (mHealth) app designs targeting immigrant caregivers, including weighing flexibility versus majority preferences, increasing text sizes, using colors effectively, providing engaging and playful visual designs and functions, simplifying navigation, simplifying the log-in process, improving access to and the content on the help document, designing functions to cater to the population’s context, and ensuring offline access. Conclusions The main contribution of this study is the improved understanding of Chinese caregivers’ user experiences with a language-appropriate mHealth app for a population that lacks accessible caregiving and self-care resources and support. It is recommended that future researchers and app designers consider the proposed guidelines when developing mHealth apps for their population to enhance user experience and harness mHealth’s value.
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Mailis-Gagnon, Angela, Balaji Yegneswaran, Keith Nicholson, SF Lakha, Marios Papagapiou, Amanda J. Steiman, Danny Ng, Tea Cohodarevic, Margarita Umana, and Mateusz Zurowski. "Ethnocultural and Sex Characteristics of Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Pain Clinic in Toronto, Ontario." Pain Research and Management 12, no. 2 (2007): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/425318.
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BACKGROUND: Ethnocultural factors and sex may greatly affect pain perception and expression. Emerging literature is also documenting racial and ethnic differences in pain access and care.OBJECTIVE: To define the sex and ethnocultural characteristics of patients attending a tertiary care, university-affiliated pain clinic in Toronto, Ontario.METHODS: Data were collected on 1242 consecutive, new patients seen over a three-year period at the Comprehensive Pain Program (CPP) in downtown Toronto. Data were compared with the Canada 2001 Census.RESULTS: English-speaking, Canadian-born patients constituted 58.6% of the CPP population, similar to the 2001 Canadian Census data for the Greater Toronto Area. Certain visible minority groups (Indo-Pakistani and Chinese) were significantly under-represented, while European groups were over-represented. While women outnumbered men, they presented with lower levels of physical pathology in general, particularly in certain ethnic groups. Patients from Europe (representing primarily immigrants who arrived in Canada before 1960), were older, by 10 years to 15 years, than the average CPP population, and had a much higher incidence of physical or medical disorders.CONCLUSIONS: The implications of the study and the importance of sex and ethnicity in terms of presentation to Canadian pain clinics are discussed. Future well-designed studies are needed to shed light on the role of both patients’ and physicians’ ethnicity and sex in pain perception and expression, decision-making regarding pain treatments and acceptance of pain treatments.
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Dogba, Maman Joyce, Michael H. Brent, Catherine Bach, Sarah Asad, Jeremy Grimshaw, Noah Ivers, France Légaré, et al. "Identifying Barriers and Enablers to Attending Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Immigrants to Canada From Ethnocultural Minority Groups: Protocol for a Qualitative Descriptive Study." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): e15109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15109.
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Background Immigrants to Canada belonging to ethnocultural minority groups are at increased risk of developing diabetes and complications, including diabetic retinopathy, and they are also less likely to be screened and treated. Improved attendance to retinopathy screening (eye tests) has the potential to reduce permanent complications, including blindness. Objective This study aims to identify the barriers and enablers of attending diabetic retinopathy screening among ethnocultural minority immigrants living with diabetes in Quebec and Ontario, Canada, to inform the development of a behavior change intervention to improve diabetic retinopathy screening attendance. Methods The research question draws on the needs of patients and clinicians. Using an integrated knowledge translation approach, the research team includes clinicians, researchers, and patient partners who will contribute throughout the study to developing and reviewing materials and procedures, helping to recruit participants, and disseminating findings. Using a convenience snowball strategy, we will recruit participants from three target groups: South Asian and Chinese people, and French-speaking people of African descent. To better facilitate reaching these groups and support participant recruitment, we will partner with community organizations and clinics serving our target populations in Ontario and Quebec. Data will be collected using semistructured interviews, using topic guides developed in English and translated into French, Mandarin, Hindi, and Urdu, and conducted in those languages. Data collection and analysis will be structured according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which synthesizes predominant theories of behavior change into 14 domains covering key modifiable factors that may operate as barriers or enablers to attending eye screening. We will use directed content analysis to code barriers and enablers to TDF domains, then thematic analysis to define key themes within domains. Results This study was approved for funding in December 2017, and the research ethics board approved the conduct of the study as of January 13, 2018. Data collection then began in April 2018. As of August 28, 2018, we have recruited 22 participants, and analysis is ongoing, with results expected to be published in 2020. Conclusions Findings from this study will inform the codevelopment of theory-informed, culturally- and linguistically-tailored interventions to support patients in attending retinopathy screening. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15109
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Enrico, Enrico, Yan Yan Sunarya, and Krishna Hutama. "PERANCANGAN MOTIF BATIK KONTEMPORER BERBASIS ESTETIKA BUDAYA MOTIF BATIK LASEM." Jurnal Seni dan Reka Rancang: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Desain 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jsrr.v2i2.8226.
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<br /><div>Contemporary Design of Batik Patterns Based on Aesthetic Culture Lasem Batik Patterns. Broadly speaking, batik is classified into two types namely batik pedalaman and batik pesisir, one type of batik pesisir known in Central Java is the Lasem batik pattern. Lasem is one of the coastal areas where there are many immigrants from China, and there is an acculturation of Javanese and Chinese culture. One of the character of batik pesisir that looks visually is more varied color and brighter than batik pedalaman</div><div>types, such as green, yellow, orange, red, light blue, even pink or pink. This design uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, supported by the application of the FRANGIPANI creative method for the design stage. It is expected that from this design it can foster creative ideas related to the preservation of Indonesia’s cultural heritage, such as batik, without forgetting or losing the philosophical meaning in each of its patterns. <br /><br /><strong>Abstrak</strong><div><br />Perancangang Motif Batik Kontemporer Berbasis Estetika Budaya Motif Batik Lasem. Secara garis besar, batik digolongkan menjadi dua jenis yaitu batik pedalaman dan batik pesisir, salah satu jenis batik pesisir yang dikenal di Jawa Tengah adalah motif batik Lasem. Daerah Lasem</div><div>merupakan salah satu daerah pesisir dimana banyak dan berkembangnya pendatang atau imigran dari negara Cina, dan terjadi akulturasi budaya Jawa dan Cina. Salah satu karakter jenis batik pesisir yang terlihat visual adalah warna yang lebih bervariasi dan perpaduan yang lebih cerah dibandingkan jenis batik pedalaman, seperti hijau, kuning, oranye, merah, biru muda, bahkan merah muda atau pink. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, dengan didukung penerapan metode kreatif FRANGIPANI untuk tahapan perancangan. Diharapkan dari perancangan ini dapat menumbuhkan ide-ide kreatif</div><div>terkait dengan pelestarian warisan budaya Indonesia yaitu batik, tanpa melupakan atau menghilangkan makna filosofi yang terkandung di setiap bentuk motifnya.</div><div> </div><div> </div><div>3 Staf Pengajar Magister Usakti, e-mail: krishutsoes@gmail.com</div></div>
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Yu, Ke, and Elmé Vivier. "Speaking or being Chinese: the case of South African-born Chinese." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015, no. 236 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2015-0021.
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AbstractLanguage is often seen as an important symbol and marker of identity. The relationship between the two especially comes to the fore in the experience of immigrants who often must negotiate competing pressures on their identities and language usage. In this article we examine the link between language and identity through an exploration of the lived experiences of four Chinese individuals in South Africa. Drawing on interview data, we examine their language and identity shifts and the factors driving such shifts (or lack thereof). Our analysis reveals multiple degrees and expressions of Chinese identity, of which language is sometimes but not always relevant. We find that social and historical contexts shape the needs and motivations of the individual, who often uses language strategically and flexibly to emphasise or understate particular identities. We conclude that the situational view of the language-identity relation is more appropriate to explain the weak and strong language-identity links that occur at the micro-level.
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Hong, Yue, Xiaoyi Zeng, Carolyn W. Zhu, Judith Neugroschl, Amy Aloysi, Mary Sano, and Clara Li. "Evaluating the Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment for Identification of Cognitive Impairment in Monolingual Chinese American Older Adults." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, August 11, 2021, 089198872110361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08919887211036182.
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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the performance of a Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screener to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia from normal cognition in the monolingual Chinese-speaking immigrant population. Method: A cohort of 176 Chinese-speaking older adults from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set is used for analysis. We explore the impact of demographic variables on MoCA performance and calculate the optimal cutoffs for the detection of MCI and dementia from normal cognition with appropriate demographic adjustment. Results: MoCA performance is predicted by age and education independent of clinical diagnoses, but not by sex, years of living in the U.S., or primary Chinese dialect spoken (i.e., Mandarin vs. Cantonese). With adjustment and stratification for education and age, we identify optimal cutoff scores to detect MCI and dementia, respectively, in this population. These optimal cutoff scores are different from the established scores for non-Chinese-speaking populations residing in the U.S. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Chinese version of MoCA is a valid screener to detect cognitive decline in older Chinese-speaking immigrants in the U.S. They also highlight the need for population-based cutoff scores with appropriate considerations for demographic variables.
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Tang, Fengyan, Ke Li, Mary E. Rauktis, Tommy D. Buckley, and Iris Chi. "Immigration Experiences and Cognitive Trajectories among Older Chinese Immigrants." Journals of Gerontology: Series B, August 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbac120.
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Abstract Objectives Although a number of studies have documented cognitive health among older immigrants in the U.S., little is known about how the life-course immigration experiences are associated with cognitive trajectories among older Chinese immigrants. We assess patterns of cognitive functioning and change over time and examine whether age at migration, reasons for migration, acculturation, perceived discrimination, and preferred dialects are related to cognitive trajectories. Methods The sample comprised 2,075 participants from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE), who completed a battery of cognitive tests at four time points (2011-2019). Latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression were utilized. Results Three latent classes of cognitive trajectories were identified: the low functioning with the fastest decline (LCF, 12%), the moderate functioning with a medium decline rate (MCF, 39%), and the high functioning with the slowest decline (HCF, 48%). Perceiving more discrimination reduced, while speaking Taishanese increased the odds of being in the LCF and MCF. High acculturation only distinguished MCF from HCF after controlling for the known factors of cognitive health such as age, education, and social engagement. Discussion This study identifies a group of older Chinese immigrants who are especially vulnerable to cognitive impairment, and indicates that the risk of cognitive decline appears to be elevated with lower levels of acculturation and unidentified racial discrimination. More research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms that link the life-course immigration experiences to cognitive health outcomes in later life.
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Marshall, Emily G., Sabrina T. Wong, Jeannie L. Haggerty, and Jean-Fréderic Levesque. "Perceptions of unmet healthcare needs: what do Punjabi and Chinese-speaking immigrants think? A qualitative study." BMC Health Services Research 10, no. 1 (February 22, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-46.
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Chen, Haoyue, Cheng Li, Qianling Zhou, Tanya M. Cassidy, Katherine M. Younger, Siao Shen, and John M. Kearney. "How to promote exclusive breastfeeding in Ireland: a qualitative study on views of Chinese immigrant mothers." International Breastfeeding Journal 16, no. 1 (January 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-021-00358-4.
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Abstract Background The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Ireland is very low with extremely slow annual growth. The population of immigrants in Ireland is increasing. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practice among immigrants may contribute to the overall improvement of exclusive breastfeeding rates in Ireland. This study was conducted to elicit suggestions on improving exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months among Chinese immigrants in Ireland. Methods Fourteen semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with Chinese immigrant mothers residing in Ireland, who breastfed exclusively for 4 to 6 months. Interviews were recorded and transcribed in Chinese. Data were analyzed using a qualitative thematic analysis. Themes were developed through categorization of codes and via in-depth discussion between two researchers. Results Themes generated from the thematic content analysis were: 1) suggestions for new mothers: being strong mentally and getting support from family and friends; 2) suggestions for employers: creating a supportive workplace by setting up private rooms and breastmilk storage facilities; 3) suggestions for healthcare professionals: advocating breastfeeding in the hospital and addressing cultural differences by recruiting multilingual staff; 4) suggestions for the government: promoting breastfeeding by initiating societal and policy changes. Conclusions The key findings emerging from this study may be considered in the development of breastfeeding promotion strategies in Ireland. Our findings could also have implications for other English-speaking countries with low rates of exclusive breastfeeding.