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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chinese society'
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Qiu, Lei, and Xiaomeng Ding. "Chinese students' integration in European society." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16432.
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Ding, Yijiang. "Chinese democracy, dualism of state and society." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0011/NQ38463.pdf.
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Yang, Jie 1983. "Moral education in the emerging Chinese society." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100220.
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Since the "reform and opening-up" policy, Chinese society has been greatly affected by rapid industrialization, the installation of a market economy, and exposure to Western ideas and practices. These changes are having an impact on the current moral education program in varying degrees of intensity. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a framework for moral education in a meaningful and practical manner, and to provide an antidote to the current confusion regarding values in China. This thesis examines moral theories from both Eastern and Western perspectives. It focuses on Confucianism and Storytelling primarily. Confucianism, specially the Five Constant Virtues, still has practical value for a modern Chinese society. The storytelling approach, it is argued, creates the opportunity for critical thinking and self-reflection, and embraces both traditional and modern concerns. I conclude that a new moral education curriculum integrating Confucianism and storytelling is particularly promising in this regard.
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Wu, Hao. "Tobacco smoking & Ming-Ching society." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31948674.
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Ren, Justine Zheng. "Understanding Chinese nationalism through Chinese politics : competing claims and state-society dynamics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3221/.
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This thesis explores how different understandings, interpretations, and claims of diverse social actors from a growingly liberalizing society interact with China’s authoritarian state and various agents in the market in shaping contemporary Chinese nationalism. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that sees the force and impact of nationalism primarily through its homogenizing effect on the people, this thesis argues instead that the success of nationalism, as a mobilizing force, depends on the existence of differences that various social actors inject into the discourse of state nationalism. Therefore, the key to understanding contemporary Chinese nationalism is to study the meanings and causes of such differences, which are wrapped up in the discourse of nationalism and reflect new dynamics of Chinese politics. This phenomenon, as observed in China, represents a typical case in societies where the willingness and capabilities of people have increased in lodging nationalist claims towards other peoples. By explaining how and why nationalism has become a useful mobilizing force in China, where people do not take for granted what is propagandized by the government, this thesis also tries to make a theoretical push in the literature of nations and nationalism. It investigates the dialectical relations between tensions and disparities embedded in nationalism, on the one hand, and the homogenizing effect of nationalism at the national and symbolic levels, on the other hand. In so doing, it sheds new light on one of the most inviting puzzles in the field of nations and nationalism – why nationalism (like all ideologies) can incite widespread passion and appeal on the ground. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 examine the phenomenon of contemporary Chinese nationalism, the conventional wisdom under which it has been studied, theoretical assumptions and their major critiques, and the theoretical propositions to be advanced in this thesis. Chapter 1 explores the puzzle of why nationalism can incite popular passion and appeal in the general field of nations and nationalism. In particular, it asks where the mobilizing power of nationalism comes from - whether it lies in the capacity to regularize diversity and construct homogeneity among the population, or it is in the other way around. Thus this chapter demonstrates what the study of contemporary Chinese nationalism can borrow from and lend to the field. Chapter 1 lays out major propositions of the thesis, introduces the research methods employed, and offers an overview of the rest chapters. Chapter 2 has two parts. The first part reviews and challenges three basic assumptions in the study of contemporary Chinese nationalism, which have to be reconsidered for the field to advance. The first assumption sees the rise of Chinese nationalism as a post- 1989 phenomenon. The second assumes state-centrism, lacking systematic investigation of the dynamics between state and society in reproducing nationalism. The third takes it for granted that Chinese nationalism must be a subversive force for international security, either because it is manipulated by the Chinese government or because it is incited by populists from below. The second part offers an introduction to the changing relationship between state and society in contemporary China, deciphering the sociopolitical context in which the following empirical chapters are developed. For the purpose of understanding the rise of diverse social actors, and their understandings, interpretations and claims of Chinese nationalism, this part disaggregates Chinese society so that relevant processes of social differentiation and contention during the reform period can be analytically presented. For the purpose of understanding the mechanisms through which these social actors are able to make their nationalist claims under the banner of Chinese nationalism sponsored by the state, it also disaggregates the (party-) state so that the relationships between its component parts and with society, and the relations between the central and local authorities in contemporary China are clarified. Except for the introductory and conclusion chapters, this thesis is composed of four empirical chapters. Chapter 3 deals with different understandings, interpretations, and claims of Chinese nationalism through the problem of victimhood in Sino-Japanese relations. It shows how competing claims for suffering in the 2nd Sino-Japanese War have been expressed, transformed and nationalized, which grows from the bottom of society and incites anti-Japanese nationalism at the national level. Chapter 4 studies visual representation of disparities and tensions between subpopulations and the party-state in making claims and interpretations of Chinese nationalism, through the changing images of anti-Japanese resistance in films, television series and Internet programs. It finds that joint endeavors and differing motivations of local governments, profit-seeking producers, artists and intellectuals, and minority groups have transformed popular images of anti-Japanese resistance in the Maoist years to new stylized images in the time of mass entertainment. Chapter 5 looks at the Baodiao (Protecting the Diaoyu Islands) Movement and its evolution in three political contexts (Taiwan, Hong Kong and China). It shows that, in all of the three contexts, Baodiao is a spontaneous social movement unfolding in the contestation between the regime and competing claimants for nationalism. Yet it is under the most authoritarian and unstable regime that civilian contestation embedded in Baodiao, as advocated by the middle class and professionals, has been stifled, and the movement has fallen prey of street violence. Chapter 6 focuses on one special group of the Chinese elites – the outspoken military officers of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). It shows how their views in the mass media, which encourage anti-American nationalism, reflect more of their own personal viewpoints and sectoral interests than the Party’s line. Taken together, Chapters 3, 5 and 6 shed light on the general argument of the thesis by providing case studies of different social strata in contemporary China. Chapter 7 is the conclusion chapter. This chapter offers a summary and five policy caveats for international security and diplomacy, which are derived from the study of this thesis. It suggests that the evolution of socio-political conditions and state-society dynamics, rather than the substances and contents of state nationalism or popular nationalism, that will determine what kind of impact nationalism is likely to have on China’s domestic politics and international behavior. Therefore we should be careful not to draw too much, either pessimistically or optimistically, from the rise of contemporary Chinese nationalism.
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Zhao, Zun Yan. "An investigation of materialism in contemporary Chinese society." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636796.
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Leung, Mei-yin. "The Chinese Women's Calligraphy and Painting Society the first women's art society in modern China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628697.
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Leung, Mei-yin, and 梁美賢. "The Chinese Women's Calligraphy and Painting Society: the first women's art society in modern China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628697.
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Lin, Szu-Yu. "Insider Perspectives of Mate Selection in Modern Chinese Society." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7698.
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With the increased exposure to Western cultures and the transition towards modernization, Chinese society has experienced substantial social change, which has influenced marital relationships. Although recent research has documented contemporary patterns of marital interaction, less is known about what Chinese adults consider to be an ideal marital partner and what their parent' roles play in the mate selection process. What do contemporary Chinese adults value in a partner? How much parental influence is involved in choosing an ideal marital partner? These questions were addressed by conducting six focus groups in Taipei, Taiwan. The focus groups included a total of 51 participants (male = 25; female = 26) and included separate groups for middle-aged married men, middle-aged married women, younger married men, younger married women, never-married young adult men, and never-married young adult women. The results from qualitative analysis indicated three major themes in an ideal partner: family-of-origin (e.g., similar family background, good relationship with in-laws), personal qualities (e.g., financially stable, responsible), and relationship qualities (e.g., getting along, communicating well, mutual respect, gender equality). These results indicate that contemporary Chinese adults value a combination of traditional Chinese (e.g., similar family background) and Western (e.g. good communication) values. When it comes to parental approval on their marriage, most younger participants reported that they would marry a person despite their parents' disapproval, although many indicated that they would want their parents' approval because it would increase family harmony. The older participants, on the other hand, were more likely to still favor parents having significant influence on who their children marry. Overall, the young Chinese participants showed greater incorporation of Western values than the older participants. These findings suggest that modern Chinese society is being increasingly influenced by individualistic Western values.
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Wang, Liming. "The Making Of New Farmers In Chinese Risk Society." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556470.
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My research investigates the making of new farmers in Chinese risk society. I argue that the socialist peasants are in the transformation into neoliberal new farmers. I define the "new farmers" as a dispositive agricultural population that embodies neoliberal ideologies and practices. The purpose of making the new farmers is to counterbalance the instabilities and risks in post-socialist China and to distribute and redistribute power, wealth and risks via new channels such as new farmers' organizations and enterprises. The new farmers are in the making by different forces to address a variety of risks fermented in post-socialist China. The new farmers are recognized by their education, knowledge of agriculture and social responsibilities; they are categorized by their participation in new farmers' organizations and enterprises; they are promoted and cultivated by the Chinese government; and they are identified and represented via mass media. The individualization of the new farmers serves as a governing tool that turns systemically produced risks into individual risks. It also serves as a normalization strategy that the new farmers build their lives in a do-it-yourself way. Their individualized decisions and choices result in their normalization or marginalization in the making of new farmers in Chinese risk society.
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Zheng, Yu. ""The Screaming Successor": Exploring the Chinese Metal Scene in Contemporary Chinese Society (1996-2015)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1479453595002855.
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Jang, Ren-Hui. "Traditional Chinese theatre for modernized society a study of one "new" Chinese opera script in Taiwan /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 1989. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?8913981.
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Zhang, Li-Fen. "After Mao : cinema and Chinese society : a sociological analysis of the Chinese cinema (1978-92)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34617.
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This theses, of primarily a sociological nature, aims to examine the emergence of post-Mao Chinese cinema and its embodied political culture, in responding, or adjusting, to the sweeping and sometimes rather turbulent process of the "open door" reform movement. The transformation of Chinese cinema, as a whole, is an area of relatively minor importance, when compared with other major agenda items on the reform programme (i.e., economic growth, financial and fiscal stability, etc.). Nevertheless, the case of Chinese cinema does provide us with a unique setting and perspective so as to reach a better understanding of the interrelationship of economic development, political evolution and the advent of cultural pluralism in post-Mao China. This study aims, in other words, to show how the economic and political changes are themselves manifested in the changing reality of the Chinese screen. Author has argued throughout this theses that the emergence of post-Mao Chinese cinema could be seen as a unique process of rehabilitating the notion of "every day life" and "civil society", both of which were heavily suppressed under Mao. This theses has paid special attention to the changing relations of film-makers audience and political authorities in China. The examination of how film censorship works has revealed the complexity of China's political and economic situation and dilemma. Market forces have helped the film-making to be able to sever its ties with the party without seeming politically offensive or provocative. The legitimate and politically favourable "market forces" have made the Chinese film-making equally legitimate to rehabilitate and revive the notion and fundamental elements of human life that a market economy could not survive without.
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Wong, Ka-yee Carrie, and 黃家怡. "An investigation into Chinese kinship terms in Hong Kong society." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31944711.
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Takano, Minoru. "Ogyū Sorai, human nature and Edo society : the Chinese context." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46589.
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This thesis deals with the prevailing image of Ogyū Sorai 荻生徂徠 (1666-1728) as a pioneer who proposed to read Chinese classics not in the Japanese way of kundoku 訓読 but in its original way, i.e. in the Chinese word order and pronunciation. I challenge the historical accuracy of this image and regard it as a product created mainly by the prominent Japanese Sinologist, Yoshikawa Kōjirō 吉川幸次郎 (1904-1980). It is well known that Sorai stressed the importance of rites, music, punishments and administration 禮樂刑政 as external forces which transform the internal mind from the outside. I believe that Sorai stressed mastery of literary style rather than mastery of colloquial Chinese as an external thing 物. His belief in practicality which was cultivated by the art of war led Sorai to attempt to realize a world based on a rigid meritocratic hierarchy. Therefore, Sorai proposed to return to the literary styles of the Qin, Han and Tang dynasties whose political situations were highly centralized. This, he believed, would serve to transform the feudalistic hereditary Neo-Confucian Edo state composed of Shogun and Daimyo into a more centralized and meritocratic one through educational policy. In pre-modern China, literature and politics were thought to be connected closely. Previous research, however, had been centered around literary studies focusing on the influence of the Guwenci pai 古文辭派 (Old Phraseology School) upon Sorai’s Kobunji 古文辭 (Ancient Words and Phrases) school. In short, there was no bifurcation in Sorai’s thought between literature and politics in the modern sense. I propose that Yoshikawa separated literature from politics in Sorai’s thought to prove the legitimacy of his own methodology of the evidential school. I will demonstrate their closeness by questioning why Sorai proposed to read poems from the High Tang dynasty instead of the Zhou-dynasty The Book of Songs 詩經. Finally in my conclusion, I suggest that Sorai’s design was ultimately realized in the Meiji era.
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Donald, Stephanie Jane. "Chinese cinema and civil society in the post-Maoist era." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320224.
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Haochu, Li Pimpawun Boonmongkon. "Homosexuality in contemporary chinese society : implications for HIV/AIDS prevention /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737913.pdf.
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Wong, Ka-yee Carrie. "An investigation into Chinese kinship terms in Hong Kong society." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22189695.
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Pun, Ngai. "Becoming Dagongmei : body, identity and transgression in reform China." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28575/.
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My study focuses on the working lives of Chinese women in the light of China's attempt to incorporate its socialist system into the world economy in the Reform era. My cardinal concern is the formation of a new social body - dagongmei - in contemporary China. The great transformation experienced during the reform era creates significant social changes, and the lives of dagongmei are the living embodiments of such paradoxical processes and experiences. The first part of my thesis looks at how the desire of the peasant girls - the desire of moving out of rural China to the urban industrial zones - is produced to meet the demands of industrial capitalism. The second part, based on an ethnographic study of an electronic factory in Shenzhen, studies the processes of constitution of the subject - dagongmei - in the workplace. First, I look at the disciplines and techniques of the production machine deployed over the female bodies, and see how these young and rural bodies are turned into docile and productive workers. Secondly, the politics of identity and differences is analyzed, to see how the existing social relations and local cultural practices are manipulated to craft abject subjects. Thirdly, the processes of sexualizing the abject subjects in relation to cultural discourses and language politics is unfolded. The final part examines the relation of domination and resistance inside the workplace. Dream, scream and bodily pain are seen as the actual form of struggle against the enormous power of capitalist relations in Chinese society. In short, my study explores the process, the desire, the struggle of young rural girls to become dagongmei; and in the rite of their passages, unravels how these female bodies experience the politics and tension produced by a hybrid mixture of the state socialist and capitalist relations.
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Su, Ching. "The printing presses of the London Missionary Society among the Chinese." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317522/.
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China became subject to various Western influences in the nineteenth century. Conspicuous in the realm of technology was the transformation of printing from xylography to Western typography. The new method was introduced by Protestant missionaries and mainly by those of the London Missionary Society (LMS). The motive behind this transformation was their hope to print the Bible and by an adequate method, but later the impact of this technological change extended widely beyond religion, resulting in the burgeoning and rapid development of modern Chinese publishing enterprises, including newspapers, periodicals and books. Based mainly upon the LMS archives and the Chinese works printed by LMS missionaries, this study is a history of the LMS's printing presses, beginning with their establishment in the very early nineteenth century until their closure in 1873. The two principal themes in this study are: first, the missionaries' application of Western technology to Chinese printing; and secondly, the role and response of the Chinese to this transformation. Whilst trying to demonstrate the interaction between missionaries and natives in the process of change, an attempt is also made, in the context of contemporary China, to interpret how Western printing technology gradually gained influence in native minds. The printing press did not achieve as much as expected in helping to spread Christianity in China. However, the LMS missionaries were able to produce the first fount of Chinese type and raised Chinese awareness of its greater efficiency, compared with their thousand-year-old blocks, as an agent for the introduction of modern knowledge and as a means to transform their old society.
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Ni, Yuan. "The Modern Erhu: Perspectives on Education, Gender, and Society in the Development of Erhu Performance." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1623253987334659.
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Stember, Nick. "The Shanghai Manhua Society : a history of early Chinese cartoonists, 1918-1938." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56226.
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Towards the end of the 19th century, the first illustrated pictorials began to appear in China. Satirical cartoons found their way into Chinese newspapers and magazines over the following decades, as print technology gradually improved. By the 1910s illustrated pictorials began to proliferate, along with the first examples of humor magazines, a trend which would continue through the 1920s. By the early 1930s, China had over two dozen magazines dedicated to satirical comics, or manhua, as they came to be known. This study looks at the Manhua Society, a group of semi-professional cartoonists whose members were active in Shanghai from roughly 1918 to 1938. By pooling their resources and working under a common banner, the Manhua Society members were not only able to find employment, but also to step into the role of publishers themselves, financed by day jobs in advertising and education. This study reconstructs the history of the society using oral histories, academic studies, and primary source materials (translating many previously unavailable in English). It focuses on eight key members of the Manhua Society: Ye Qianyu, Ji Xiaobo, Ding Song, Zhang Guangyu, Lu Shaofei, Wang Dunqing, Huang Wennong, and Hu Xuguang. These men saw their careers transformed by a series of escalating military conflicts: the May 4 Movement of 1919, the Zhili-Anhui War of 1920, the first Zhili-Fengtian War of 1922, the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War and second Zhili-Fengtian War of 1924, the May 30 Movement of 1925, the Northern Expedition of 1926-1928, including the Shanghai Massacre of 1927, and the first Japanese invasions of Shanghai in 1932 and 1937. Their stories show how the history of Chinese comics was shaped by individuals, as well as organizations. Although this industry was crippled by the Japanese invasion of Shanghai in 1937, the same cartoonists would go on to work in the propaganda offices of World War II, the Chinese Civil War, and the Cold War. In tracing the origins of the Manhua Society, therefore, I argue that it influenced not only the development of cartooning and comics in the Republican era, but also the visual culture of the PRC.Arts, Faculty of
Asian Studies, Department of
Graduate
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Lo, Victor H. Y. "Implementing quality management in a Chinese based society : Hong Kong : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4391/.
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The research described in this Executive Summary starts from the premise that the implementation of TQM in Hong Kong is primarily focused on the use of individual tools for improvement. However, since 1991, more interest has developed in the holistic approaches, such as ISO 9000. Information gathered for this research supports the hypothesis that there is a missing quality dimension, namely, that of quality culture, which must obviously be of paramount importance if sustained quality performance is to be achieved. The second hypothesis explored in this research is that quality philosophies developed in the industrialised West can be better understood and appreciated if they can be explained in terms familiar to Chinese workers and managers, i. e., interpreted in terms of Chinese culture. This should lead to better integration of tools, techniques, holistic quality systems, and general philosophies concerning quality. All this should result in better and more effective implementation of TQM in Hong Kong. This study can be divided into two parts, A and B. Section A is mainly concerned with the exploration and understanding of the existing Hong Kong situation in terms of quality management implementation. Section B is concerned with the cultural aspects that were identified as being relevant to quality management. These cover Chinese values, Confucian principles, and how these are related to the principles of TQM. Several behavioural models were studied and the Connor/England model was selected and used to measure the relationship between cultural values and attitudes towards quality behaviour. The work of Professor Michael Bond on Chinese values was combined with the author's own interpretation of Chinese attitudes as expressed in Confucian Principles. This was to better understand quality behaviour intention when viewed from the point of the British Standard 7850 definitions of Total Quality elements. The Fishbein Behavioural model was also used as part of the survey instrument to measure Chinese attitudes in the implementing of TQM. A computer statistical package was used to analyse the survey data collected from local companies. The statistical factor analysis identified the working principles which best support TQM implementation in terms of the roles of both the leaders and the supporting staff of a company. The analysis also identified the role of Confucian Principles in terms of helping junior, middle, and senior management to better understand each others' working principles, and thereby promoting harmony and teamwork.
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Vaughan-Albert, Megan Kate. "The missing watchdog: corruption, governance,and supervisory role for Chinese civil society?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48183465.
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This study sought to examine whether pressure from China’s dynamic, yet repressed,
civil society had any impact on the Chinese state’s anti-corruption strategies. It was discovered
that online activism in China has been on the rise in recent years, and this activism has been
working in tandem with the government to monitor public and private corruption, exposing
numerous cases online. Increasing trends of online activism seem to be leading to an augmented
government anti-corruption strategy that is sensitive to issues exposed on the Internet and to
public opinion. As the government sought to shore up its credibility, it was able to harness this
wave of public participation to work towards its own ends.
Recent reforms in China have attempted to institute public surveillance and monitoring as
a central part of the government’s anti-corruption efforts. By illuminating the changing
institutional design of the anti-corruption agencies within the Party and the government since the
1990s, this study found that the most recent campaign to rally pubic participation was sincere as
the goal of clean government and limited corruption benefit both the government and Chinese
society. However, the current anti-corruption regime still has engrained problems and conflicts
of interest. Until public surveillance is fully developed and there are more democratic checks
and balances, this study does not predict that corruption will be eliminated in China in the near
future.published_or_final_version
China Development Studies
Master
Master of Arts in China Development Studies
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Beynon, Eleanorah Louise. "Changing places, changing identities : finding one's place in contemporary Chinese urban society." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249407.
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Kirby, John Brandon. "Inside the Third Sector: a Gongo Level Analysis of Chinese Civil Society." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500183/.
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This thesis investigates a new variant of the relationship between society and the states: Government-Owned (or Organized) Non-Governmental Organizations (GONGOs). Past research has typically understood civil society as a means to explain the orientation of groups of citizens towards collective outcomes. For decades, NGOs have been a key component of this relationship between political actors but the systematic study of GONGOs has been widely neglected by research. I used an original dataset collected from an NGO directory developed by the China Development Brief (CDB) that provides information on the functional areas of NGOs, their sources of funding and various organizational facts. These data were used to code a series of concepts that will serve as the basis for an initial systematic study into GONGOs and their relationship with the Chinese government. My theoretical expectations are that the primary predictors of an NGO’s autonomy relate to their functional areas of operation, their age and other geographical factors. I find preliminary support for the effect of an NGO’s age on its autonomy from the state, as well as initial support for the dynamic nature of the relationship between NGOs and the state. I close with a discussion of these findings as well as their implications for future research.
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Liu, Xin. "An alternative framework of analysis to investigate China's Confucius Institutes : a great leap outward with Chinese characteristics?" Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20722/.
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This thesis examines China’s contemporary global cultural footprints through its recent development of cultural diplomacy and its global expansion of the Confucius Institute, whose prominent features are investigated by exploring the four specific research questions of ‘why’ China wants to launch cultural diplomacy and the CI, ‘what’ is the vehicle, ‘who’ is the agent, and ‘how’ it is carried out in the field. The thesis challenges the adequacy of the mainstream concepts of ‘soft power’ and ‘nation branding’ that are most commonly cited in the current literature, and argued for an alternative analytical framework that goes beyond and beneath these Western-defined concepts. After deciphering the multiple contexts, Gramsci’s concepts of cultural hegemony and ideology and Said’s critique of Orientalism are adopted to frame a different understanding of the historical and international contexts, while the double-edged role played by nationalism is analysed to deepen our understanding of the domestic context. The proposed new perspectives are then applied to chart the global cultural terrain of struggle, where the cultural encounters in the shifting global power relations between China’s long-held image as the “cultural other” and the ‘ideological other’ and its self-representations are examined. A comparative case study of the CIs, one of the most visible and controversial manifestations of China’s cultural diplomacy, is carried out to answer the main research question of why China’s similar efforts in promoting its culture were perceived and received differently to other Western countries and encountered unexpected controversies. The answers outline the unique challenges faced by China’s cultural diplomacy in both the cultural encounters and the interactions between its internal articulations and external communications. Primary data were collected from 25 interviews with staff from nine CIs in five different countries and one Goethe Institute in Beijing. The dynamics between these interweaving contexts elaborate the complexity of China’s cultural diplomacy and the CI project, whose prominent features are presented as the major research findings of this thesis, while what will make it a truly ‘great leap outward’ is also discussed.
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Perkins, Morgan. "Reviewing traditions : an anthropological analysis of contemporary Chinese art worlds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365526.
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Yin, Zhiguang. "The politics of art : Creation Society and the making of Chinese Marxist individuality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609835.
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Gao, Yuqun. "Chinese society, the missionary enterprise, and foreign power in rural Fujian, 1842-1900." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752806.
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Hao, Yiren. "The Ever-changing Roles of Chinese Women in Society: A Content Analysis and Semiotic Analysis of some Contemporary Chinese Films." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20481.
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One major question in the area of Feminist Media Studies is to analyze the stereotypical female role portrayals in media. Researchers in this area have examined diverse media including television, radio, films, textbooks, literature and so on. Empirical evidence provided by these studies shows that women in media are often underrepresented or stereotypically portrayed in traditional roles such as housewives or mothers associated with feminine values, such as dependent, submissive, and passive. Using content analysis and semiotic analysis, this study is designed to examine the portrayals of female roles in a sample of contemporary (1949-2010) Chinese films.
Content analysis is employed to examine how women have been portrayed in films, with the primary focus on the frequency of three types of female roles including (1) traditional roles, (2) modern role, and (3) ideal role. Results suggest that during this long period of time, representations and constructions of women in films have shifted from promotion of gender equality, to diminishing and erasing gender difference, and finally regressed to confining them to traditional roles while emphasizing traditional feminine values and expectations.
In using semiotic analysis, this research is able to outline the connotative meanings of the female characters as well as the implicit cultural values and messages of gender that are embedded in films. On this cultural analysis, the findings reveal that female role portrayals in films, which are influenced by political, cultural, and social changes, remained associated with traditional feminine stereotypes, values, and expectations.
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Nedilsky, Lida V. "The web of voluntary associations : Christian community and civil society in Hong Kong /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3055795.
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Blue, Gregory. "Traditional China in Western social thought : an historical inquiry, with special reference to contributions from Montesquieu to Max Weber." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250932.
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Tong, Pui Yin. "An account of development of performance art in China from 1979-2010." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/8753/.
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The research study aims to raise questions about and gain new insights into the development of performance art in China. The development of performance art in China is set out in a chronological account of the events and art works that illustrate the development of a permissive, open-ended medium with endless variables. The events and works included in this study are executed by Chinese artists impatient with the limitations of traditional or established forms and determined to take their performance art works directly to the public. Following the rapid socio-economic development that started in the late 1970's, soon after the end of the Cultural Revolution and the start of economic reform. The chronological account of the development of Chinese performance art explains how Chinese artists, in creating their work, draw freely on a number of disciplines and media including literature, poetry, theatre, music, dance, architecture and painting, as well as video, film, slides and narrative. The account also illustrates how Chinese performance art has gradually moved away from the traditions of Chinese performance and how performance art works often promote interpretive individualism. Research shows that Chinese artists choose performance art to break free from the dominant media and the constraints of working within the evolving social and political environment in China. Research further shows that artists use performance art as a provocation to respond to changes. Finally, performance art is gaining acceptance from the public in recent Chinese socio-economic development.
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Masih, Edweana Elizabeth Shalini. "Patterns of divergence : the evolution of the qipao and cheongsam in modern Chinese society /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18643.pdf.
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Lee, James Kin Ching. "Home ownership and social change in a Chinese society : the case of Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/32d75fa1-8658-4406-a7ec-fb3253b4b082.
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In the last two decades, the housing system in Hong Kong has witnessed a slow but steady transition from a tenure dominated by public rental housing to one dominated by private home ownership. This was largely the result of a strong motivation to own property and a government policy promoting owner-occupation. However, the late 80's and the early 90's have seen one of the most speculative and buoyant housing markets of the world with house price inflation creating major problems of affordability for the middle classes. A sector of the middle class is seen as marginalized by the housing system. They have no access to public rental housing, few choices in private-renting and are unable to afford home ownership. Concomitant with this, the society also saw a significant sector within the middle class which made enormous capital gains through property transactions and home ownership, developing a life style closely associated with certain modern private housing estates. This thesis seeks to examine factors underlying this contrasting housing picture. Using the rational model as a point of departure, Part I of this thesis explains the limitations of rationality in coming to terms with the social genesis of home ownership. In particular, the constraints and possibilities of existing perspectives on home ownership are explored. As an additional dimension, the thesis suggests the adoption of a cultural perspective which emphasizes three important dimensions unique to the Hong Kong housing scene, that is, the history of housing and individual housing experiences, the Chinese family, and the contemporary middle class consumption culture. In addition, one of the key arguments introduced in this part is that a research methodology based on individual housing histories, one which seeks to unravel the deeply-embedded social relationships of housing, is more robust and fills an important gap in methodology and provides a more rounded discussion on the relationship between home ownership and social change. Part II of the thesis represents the empirical arm. In particular, evidence from case studies demonstrated that middle class home owners in Hong Kong generally suffer from extreme deprivation in housing in their upbringing, hence predisposing them to a keen search for housing improvements in later life. The emphasis of the Chinese family on family property and their strong attachment to mutual-aids has also created a system of intra-family banking to support home financing amongst family members. Absolute scarcity in housing as well as a burgeoning middle class home ownership culture has also enabled many middle class households to reap substantial capital gains throughout the 80's. However, evidence also suggested that such gains were highly fragmented, depending on the time of marketentry and the accessibility to housing finance. The conclusion of the thesis calls for a reexamination of the role of state amongst small, congested and high growth countries in promoting ownership and argues that extremities in geographical constraints could severely limit both the range of housing policy and the role of the state.
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Feng, Hsien-Hsiang. "A learned society in Peking : the Chinese Social and Political Science Association, 1915-1949." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708074.
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Cavanaugh, Julia Rose. "China's One-Child Policy and its Unintended Consquences on Chinese Society and Gender Ratio." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243912.
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Since 1978, China’s One-Child Policy has been decreasing the nation’s population numbers to make way for China’s economic reform and modernization. Today, China boasts that with the help of this policy, the government has prevented over 300 million births. Though this has positively affected China’s economy in the short term, there is a myriad of consequences only beginning to manifest, including a highly imbalanced gender ratio, a progressively older population base, and a decrease in the work force numbers. If China hopes to lessen the fallout from these imminent situations and the consequences they carry, it needs to abandon the one-child policy and continue with social campaigns promoting the benefits of having daughters.
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Zhang, Yafei. "Mainstream cultural production and audience citizenship: dispute resolution reality shows in transitional Chinese society." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7052.
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This study explores cultural productions in one television genre in Chinese mainstream media: dispute resolution shows. By applying the theoretical frameworks of Hall’s encoding and decoding and Habermas’ public spheres, this study mainly answers two research questions: 1) how does mainstream production convey politically-preferred cultural and social values to viewers; and 2) how do audience members exercise their citizenship in decoding televised social values and cultural norms? In a specific examination of Oriental Pearl Live Newsroom, mixed-methods are adopted, including unsupervised learning of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), content analysis, thematic analysis, focus groups, and interviews.
In the findings, the interviewees admitted that they propagated social and cultural values in accordance with the mainstream political ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in order to maintain social stability and state order. However, my interviewees also suggested that they had an ambition and willingness to promote a civil society in China, which requires a counterbalanced power from the audience’s side. The results of the audience analysis generally indicated that they challenged the power of legitimate authorities, including the nation-state, the elite class, and the media. This study identified five online public spheres: 1) Government is the core; 2) Request for rule of law; 3) Media is a paradox; 4) The elite class is not the boss; 5) The grass is always greener (adoration of foreign countries).
In general, this study supports conceptualizing audience members as citizens. It demonstrates how audience members deconstruct the dominant interpretations of social values and their attempts to elaborate less-favorable voices in Transitional Chinese society. This conceptualization suggests the importance of audience members in creating diverse public spheres and promoting a civil society.
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Wu, Nengchang. "Rituels, divinités et société locale : une étude sur la tradition des maîtres rituels du Lingying-tang à l’ouest du Fujian." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE5035/document.
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Prenant principalement appui sur des matériaux de terrain et des documents historiques, la présente étude examine la tradition des maîtres rituels taoïstes. Celle-ci a été une des traditions religieuses les plus vivantes en Chine méridionale, depuis la dynastie des Song (960-1279). Il s’agit d’une tradition d’exorcisme qui a emprunté beaucoup d’éléments au tantrisme. Elle s’est bien intégrée au taoïsme tout en révélant des relations subtiles entre le taoïsme et la religion populaire. D’un point de vue ethnographique, les maîtres rituels constituent un groupe important de spécialistes de rituels à l’ouest du Fujian, au sud-est de la Chine. D’un point de vue historique, chez les maîtres rituels contemporains se trouvent des éléments qui remontent à l’antiquité. Ainsi, la céation et la maîtrise de soldats du monde invisible pour conjurer les êtres malfaisants en faveur du peuple constituent un trait caractéristique. La tradition des maîtres rituels a joué un rôle important non seulement dans la vie quotidienne du peuple, mais aussi dans les processus socio-culturels régionaux. Le présent travail étudie notamment un mythe de « batailles de méthodes » entre des maîtres rituels et des mauvais esprits qui a trouvé sa place dans un contexte de conflits ethniques à l’ouest du Fujian. Il examine aussi un culte des maîtres rituels qui a donné l’occasion aux différents groupes sociaux d’exprimer leurs compréhensions de leur légitimité, ainsi que des rituels d’ordination et des rituels servant à cacher les âmes humaines des mauvais esprits, rites de vie qui contribuent aussi à la construction de la communautéRelying mainly on field materials and historical documents, this study examines the tradition of Daoist ritual masters; one of the liveliest religious traditions in South China since the Song Dynasty (960-1279). It is a tradition of exorcism which borrowed many elements from Tantrism; but it is also well integrated into Daoism while revealing subtle relations between Daoism and popular religion. From an ethnographic perspective, ritual masters are an important group of ritual specialists in western Fujian in Southeast China. From a historical point of view, among contemporary ritual masters, we can find many elements that date back to antiquity. Thus the making and mastery of soldiers of the invisible world for exorcising evil beings to save the people is a characteristic feature. The tradition of ritual masters has played an important role not only in the daily life of the people, but also in regional socio-cultural processes. In this regard, the present work studies a myth of “magic warfare” between ritual masters and evil spirits that has found its place in a context of ethnic conflict in western Fujian. It also examines a cult of ritual masters which gave the opportunity for different groups to express their understandings regarding legitimacy, as well as ordination rituals and rituals to hide human souls from evil spirits, that is, life rites which contribute also to the construction of community life
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Jiang, Jing. "Linking East with West: Websites as a Public Relations Tool for American and Chinese Banks Operating in a Culturally-Evolving Chinese Society." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33937.
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In this thesis, three websites are explored in-depth and serve as a case study for an intercultural comparison of websites as public relations tools. The websites of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), Shanghai Pudong Development Bank (SPDB), and Citibank were evaluated for this specific study because they represent three models of current banks operating in a culturally-evolving Chinese society. The two-way symmetrical model of public relations and the personal influence model have provided basic framework for this thesis. To establish the two-way symmetrical public relations via the website, these three banks employ different public relations strategies due to the different organizational structure and operating systems. In addition, culture has played an important role for banks to build relationships with their various publics. Specifically, Confucian ideology, the foundation for Chinese culture, provides insights for this thesis. To cater to the publics, ICBC adhered more strictly to Chinese culture norms, while SPDB's website is a reflection of a hybrid of Western and Chinese culture. Moreover, although Citibank does not make many efforts to culturally cater to its Chinese publics, Citibank successfully built its reputation and image through building a business-oriented and expert website.Master of Arts
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孔寶華 and Po-wah Hung. "Chinese intellectuals at the crossroads: negotiating between the state and society in the reform decade." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121146X.
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Hung, Po-wah. "Chinese intellectuals at the crossroads : negotiating between the state and society in the reform decade /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13731518.
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Wanning, Sun, and n/a. "The literature of fact : a study of the representations of Chinese society in some Australian fiction and non-fiction writings." University of Canberra. Communication, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.174027.
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The present study argues for a generic approach to the
study of the representation of Chinese society in a selection of
Australian fiction and non-fiction writings, based on the
assumption that how China is represented is as important as
what is represented. The three works that will be used to
represent travel literature, journalism and the novel are: The
East Is Red by Maslyn Williams, Real Life China by Richard
Thwaites, and the Avenue of Eternal Peace by Nicholas Jose,
all of which have been written by contemporary Australian
writers. The study re-examines the obligations and meanings
inherent in each of these genres, and discusses .these writers'
individual ways of experimenting with the genres in which
they write in order to cope with the complexity, ambiguity,
and the fictionally of reality. These works are analysed in
detail within two frameworks: the writers' relationships to
their writings, and the relationship between the text and the
external world, leading to the realization of the increasingly
important role writers' consciousness plays in reshaping and
fictionalizing their personal experience, as well as the
recognition of the increasingly important role fictionalization
plays in the representation of Chinese society in both fiction
and non-fiction writings.
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Fu, Chao-Ching. "Regional heritage and architecture : a critical regionalist approach to a new architecture for Taiwan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8372.
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The development of modern architecture, which was first introduced to Taiwan by the Japanese when they occupied the island, has destroyed the identity and continuity of traditional Taiwanese architecture. Modern architecture, with its emphasis on materialistic and technological aspects, is fundamentally different from traditional architecture. The former depends on denying what is essential to the latter. However, modern technology is genuinely international and most people in Taiwan seem to want to enjoy its advantages, such as new methods of building construction, which have offered a better technical solution to many problems than traditional architecture could. However, architecture is not merely a technological product, it is also an embodiment of the worldview of the people of a region. The most important question in the contemporary architectural development of Taiwan is, therefore, to see how modern innovations could be embedded in the regional heritage so as to achieve a new architecture within the parameters of modern referents while maintaining a quality relying on nourishment from regional traditions. The thesis is an inquiry into the prospect of developing such a new architecture for Taiwan, which, it is argued, can be achieved by a Critical Regionalist approach. Critical Regionalism is a concept as well as an approach that attempts to evoke a condition of authenticity in which a new architecture can be consciously originated out of the traditional architectural characteristics of a particular region in order to withstand the domination of Modernism. The contents of the thesis are centred on the following themes: differences between traditional and modern architecture; problems of the contemporary architectural development of Taiwan; the development of Post-Modernism, Alexander's Pattern Language, the Phenomenology of Architecture, and Regionalism in architecture; the dialectics of Critical Regionalism; characteristics of traditional Taiwanese architecture; and the discussion of the regional consciousness in contemporary Taiwanese architecture. Today, society in Taiwan is no longer completely traditional although a number of traditions still survive. People live in a society codified according to two different sets of values and beliefs. The problem of how to preserve the valuable aspects of the regional heritage, including regional architecture, in a situation where tradition is in rapid decline is crucial. It is demonstrated in the thesis that Critical Regionalism presents a possibility that an authentic architecture can be developed out of contradictory elements and sources. In the past, most criticisms of modern architectural development were based on either the purely functional aspects or the style of the building which are only parts of architecture. The Critical Regionalist approach enables both architects and critics to emancipate themselves from such narrow interpretations. With the help of this approach, both architects and critics can now look at architecture from a much broader point of view. The thesis aims to show the way towards this new understanding of architecture.
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Chiu, Hsin-Yao. "Evaluating a Chinese Adult Attachment Questionnaire Using a Taiwanese Sample." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6913.
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Researchers have taken the adult attachment instruments established in the western countries into other cultural settings. Taiwan is one of the many countries to which cross-cultural adult attachment research has been extended to, and where translated attachment survey instruments were applied. The problem with these translated measurements in Taiwan, however, is that the commonly-used instruments were not peer-reviewed, and often no reliability tests were even done, and the cultural appropriateness of these translated measurements was not evaluated. The usage and results of these instruments may therefore be questionable. The purpose of this current study is to present a Mandarin Chinese version of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) that was translated following common protocols, administered to 320 native Taiwanese participants, and evaluated for measurement invariance. Various statistical analyses (including reliability test, confirmatory factor analysis, , and measurement invariance test) were conducted, and results from the Taiwanese college students who responded to the Chinese AAQ were compared with the results of the same instrument written and administered in its original English format and delivered to 330 participants in the United States. CFA revealed that a revision of the original AAQ was necessary. Measurement invariance test further indicated that while configural invariance was established, the findings on metric invariance were mixed, and the scalar invariance was partially established. These findings suggested a potential lack of equivalence between the Chinese and English adult attachment measurement. Specifically, some items of the scales were less invariant than others, indicating specific possible cultural differences between the two ethnic groups.
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Lee, Sheng-kuang. "Commoner and sagehood: Wang Ken and the T'ai-chou School in late Ming society." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185106.
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The intellectual world of the late Ming literati was without question one of great richness and complexity. The focus of the present study, however, is limited to an examination of Wang Ken, the man, his key philosophical beliefs, and his role in the founding of the T'ai-chou School of thought. In exploring the genesis of Wang Ken and his school of thought, certain aspects of the social milieu are examined in order to reach a better understanding of how the larger environment and this radical intellectual movement became intertwined. In other words, I have attempted to discern and define the interplay of the most important creative minds of the time, and particularly those of the elite class with this group. As a teacher and thinker Wang Ken exercised a considerable influence on his times, contributing in the process to the new permissiveness so characteristic of the latter half of the Ming dynasty. In this regard, the present study also represents an attempt to discover the basic patterns underlying Wang Ken's thought, as well as the T'ai-chou School's responsiveness to dramatic changes in society. In doing so, we perceive an implication of intellectual autonomy in the form of social and political protest against imperial autocracy. Also, the spread of his faith in an attainable and intelligible sagehood among the lower classes, gradually blurred the dividing line between elite and commoner. Finally, the assertions of Wang Ken and the T'ai-chou School indeed stimulated a new sense of self-awareness and self-worth. Nevertheless, it is because of its radical rejection of the established social, political, and intellectual order that the T'ai-chou School has been branded as heterodox. As a result, the frustration of its aspiration for a more genuine humanity was inevitable, as this intellectual movement fell victim to the forces of orthodoxy and conformity.
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莫健偉 and Kin-wai Patrick Mok. "Lineage and elite dominance in late imperial Chinese society: a case study of Shunde County, Guangdong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213455.
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Mok, Kin-wai Patrick. "Lineage and elite dominance in late imperial Chinese society : a case study of shunde county, guangdong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17490522.
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Dong, Jia Wen. "Research on the role of Chinese civil organizations in PRC's diplomacy." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335236.
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