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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese – Mental health – Australia'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Leung, Cynthia. "Factors Related to the Mental Health of Elderly Chinese Immigrants in Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02026.

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The present study aimed to examine the factors related to the mental health of elderly Chinese-Australians. Using the framework of Berry (1997), the study examined how individual variables such as social support, length of time in Australia, English competency, self-efficacy and sense of personal control were related to the life satisfaction of elderly Chinese-Australians. The participants consisted of 157 elderly Chinese male and female immigrants (aged 50 or above) recruited through various community groups. Participants completed a questionnaire with several scales on the above issues, and a section on demographic information. The results indicated that life satisfaction was related to age, age at migration, English proficiency, locus of control, social support, and self-efficacy. Implications for service provision were also discussed.

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Pan, Jia-Yan, Daniel Fu Keung Wong, Lynette Joubert, and Cecilia Lai Wan Chan. "Acculturative Stressor and Meaning of Life as Predictors of Negative Affect in Acculturation: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study between Chinese International Students in Australia and Hong Kong." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 9 (September 2007): 740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701517942.

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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the predictive effects of acculturative stressor and meaning of life on negative affect in the process of acculturation between Chinese international students in Australia and Hong Kong. Method: Four hundred mainland Chinese students studying at six universities in Hong Kong and 227 Chinese international students studying at the University of Melbourne in Australia completed a questionnaire that included measures of acculturative stressor, meaning of life, negative affect and demographic information. Results: The Australian sample was found to have a higher level of acculturative stressor and negative affect than the Hong Kong sample. Acculturative stressor had a positive impact on negative affect in both samples, but the impact of different domains of acculturative stressor on negative affect varied between the two groups. Finally, meaning of life partially mediated the relationship between acculturative stressor and negative affect in the Hong Kong sample, but no such effect was found in the Australia sample. Conclusions: Acculturative stressor is a critical risk factor for negative affect in acculturation for Chinese international students in Australia and Hong Kong. Meaning of life acted as a protective factor that mitigated negative affect for mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong, but not for the Chinese international students in Australia. The theoretical and practical implications for resilience-based and meaning-oriented intervention for Chinese international students are discussed.

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Ratcliffe, Julie, Gang Chen, Elisabeth Huynh, Frank Xu, Katherine Stevens, John Brazier, and Joffre Swait. "OP55 Health Technology Assessment In Children And Adolescents: Adolescent Preferences For Child Health Utility 9D Health States." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700143x.

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INTRODUCTION:Preference-based measures of health-related quality of life play a key role in the calculation of Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) for Health Technology Assessment (HTA). The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) is a new preference-based instrument designed specifically for application in children and adolescents (aged 7 to 17 years). This study aimed to compare Chinese and Australian adolescent population preferences for CHU9D health states using profile case best worst scaling (BWS) methods.METHODS:Fifty CHU9D health states (blocked into five survey versions) were generated for valuation using a fractional factorial design. Study participants were recruited through an online panel company in Australia, and through primary and secondary schools in China. A latent class modelling framework was adopted for econometric analysis.RESULTS:A total of 1,982 respondents (51 percent female) in Australia and 902 respondents (43 percent female) in China provided useable survey responses. Latent class analysis indicated the existence of preference heterogeneity for both population groups. In the Australian sample, respondents in Class I placed the most importance on the mental health dimensions of the CHU9D (for example, Worried and Annoyed) and the least importance on daily activities (for example, Activities, Daily routine, Sleep), whilst respondents in Class II placed equal weights on all attributes. In the Chinese sample, respondents in Class I placed the most importance on the Activities dimension of the CHU9D and the least importance on the Annoyed dimension, whist Class II placed the most importance on the Schoolwork dimension and the least importance on Pain.CONCLUSIONS:This study has provided important cross-country insights into the use of profile case BWS methods to elicit health state preferences with young people for application in HTA in children and adolescents. The differential latent classes identified between Australia and China highlights the necessity to derive country-specific adolescent scoring algorithms for the CHU9D instrument for application in HTA.

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Wong, Daniel Fu Keung, Angus Yuk Kit Lam, Ada Poon, and Amy Yin Man Chow. "Gender differences in mental health literacy among Chinese-speaking Australians in Melbourne, Australia." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 58, no. 2 (February 9, 2011): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764010390431.

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Wong, Daniel Fu Keung, Chi-Wei Cheng, Xiao Yu Zhuang, Ting Kin Ng, Shu-Man Pan, Xuesong He, and Ada Poon. "Comparing the mental health literacy of Chinese people in Australia, China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: Implications for mental health promotion." Psychiatry Research 256 (October 2017): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.032.

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6

Fan, Cynthia, and Wally Karnilowicz. "Attitudes Towards Mental Illness and Knowledge of Mental Health Services Among the Australian and Chinese Community." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 2 (2000): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00017.

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The study aimed to examine the attitudes toward mental illness and knowledge of mental health services among Anglo-Australian and Chinese-Australian adults. Participants included 105 Anglo-Australians and 129 Chinese-Australians. Participants were requested to complete a questionnaire on attitudes toward mental illness and knowledge of mental health service available in the community. The results indicated that there was a significant ethnic difference in attitudes towards mental illness. Chinese-Australians endorsed authoritarian, restrictive attitudes towards people with mental illness and interpersonal etiology more than Anglo-Australians. There was also a significant difference in attitudes towards mental illness due to the amount of contact with people with mental illness. The more contact the participants had with people with mental illness, the less they endorsed authoritarian, and restrictive attitudes toward people with mental illness. Though there was a non-significant difference in knowledge of mental health services due to ethnic origin or amount of contact with people with mental illness, there were ethnic differences in the type of mental health services preferred. Among Chinese-Australians, age was positively related to knowledge of services for acute and chronic cases of mental illness. Implications for community mental health education programs are discussed.

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LIU, Tie-qiao, Chee Ng, Hong MA, Castle David, Wei HAO, and Ling-jiang LI. "Comparing models of mental health service systems between Australia and China: implications for the future development of Chinese mental health service." Chinese Medical Journal 121, no. 14 (July 2008): 1331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00029330-200807020-00017.

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8

Lin, Xiaoping, Christina Bryant, Jennifer Boldero, and Briony Dow. "Psychological well-being of older Chinese immigrants living in Australia: a comparison with older Caucasians." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 10 (July 8, 2016): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001010.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Few current studies explore psychological well-being among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. The study addressed this gap and provided preliminary data on psychological well-being among this group. Four indicators, namely depression, anxiety, loneliness, and quality of life, were used to present a comprehensive picture of psychological well-being.Methods:Participants were two groups of community-dwelling older people, specifically 59 Chinese immigrants and 60 Australian-born people (median age=77 and 73, respectively). Data were collected through standardized interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire were used to measure depression, anxiety, loneliness, and quality of life, respectively.Results:Chinese participants’ median quality of life score was higher than the scale mid-point, indicating relatively high levels of quality of life. However, 10% exhibited symptoms of depression, 6% had symptoms of anxiety, and 49% felt lonely. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants reported poorer quality of life and higher levels of loneliness. Importantly, the difference in quality of life remained when the impact of socio-demographic factors was controlled for.Conclusions:This study was the first to use multiple indicators to explore psychological well-being among older Chinese immigrants in Australia. Its results suggest that their psychological well-being might be worse than that of Australian-born people when using loneliness and quality of life as indicators. In particular, loneliness is a common psychological problem among this group, and there is a need for public awareness of this problem.

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Galletly, Cherrie, Xiaoli Wu, Zili Han, and Dennis Liu. "M151. DIFFERENCES IN PATTERN OF OBESITY BETWEEN PEOPLE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA LIVING IN CHINA AND IN AUSTRALIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S192—S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.463.

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Abstract Background People with psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, suffer premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obesity is a major factor in cardiometabolic disorders in this population. There has been very little research investigating differences in patterns of obesity in diverse ethnic populations. Guidelines for treatment of complex comorbidities in people with schizophrenia and related psychoses may need to provide specific recomendations for different ethnic groups. Methods The Chinese sample consisted 192 subjects were recruited from the outpatients and inpatients department of the psychiatry department of the third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen. All enrolled subjects were Chinese Han ethnicity, aged 16–45 years, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, excluding other acute psychiatric disorders. The Australian sample (N=1825) were drawn from the Survey of High Impact Psychosis. BMI and central obesity were measured in all subjects. Results 10.3% of men and 4.7% of women in the China sample were obese (BMI>30). In the Australian sample, 41.6% of men and 50.3% of women were obese. Overall, 7.8% of Chinese sample and 45.1% of the Australian sample were obese. However, amongst the non-obese China sample, 41.7% of men and 53.1% of women had central obesity; the mean for all non-obese Chinese people was 46.7%. 73% of non-obese Australian men and 81.5% of non-obese Australian women had central obesity; the mean for all non-obese Australians was 76%. Discussion Chinese Han people with schizophrenia have much lower rates of obesity than the Australian sample. In both groups, rates of abdominal obesity were higher than rates of obesity as defined by BMI. These ethnic differences may help in understanding the high rates of cardiometabolic disorder in people with psychotic disorders in Western countries. They may also inform interventions to assist Western people with psychoses to maintain better physical health.

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Li-Wey Soh, Nerissa, Stephen Touyz, Timothy A. Dobbins, Lois J. Surgenor, Simon Clarke, Michael R. Kohn, Ee Lian Lee, et al. "Restraint and Eating Concern in North European and East Asian Women with and without Eating Disorders in Australia and Singapore." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 6 (June 2007): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701332318.

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Objective: To investigate eating disorder psychopathology, restraint and eating concern in young women with and without an eating disorder from two different ethnic groups in Australia and Singapore. Method: The relationship of Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Global, Restraint and Eating Concern scores to cultural orientation and sociocultural factors was analysed in 154 women with and without an eating disorder. Participants were from the following backgrounds: North European Australian, East Asian Australian, Singaporean Chinese and North European expatriates in Singapore. Results: Women with eating disorders had similar psychopathology across the cultural groups. Among controls, Singaporean Chinese reported significantly greater overall eating disorder psychopathology than other cultural groups and greater restraint than North European Australians/expatriates. Eating concern was not associated with cultural group overall or acculturation to Western culture. Dissatisfaction with family functioning, socioeconomic status and education level were not significantly associated with any of the eating disorder measures. Conclusion: In eating disorder psychopathology, the specific symptom of eating concern may transcend cultural influences.

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Huang, Lanxi, Margaret L. Kern, and Lindsay G. Oades. "Strengthening University Student Wellbeing: Language and Perceptions of Chinese International Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 5538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155538.

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Students at the tertiary education level in Australia are at increased risk of experiencing high levels of psychological distress, with international students at particularly high risk for poor adjustment. As mental health and wellbeing strongly correlate with students’ academic performance and general overseas experience, a growing number of studies focus on what universities can do to effectively support students’ wellbeing. However, assumptions are made about what wellbeing is, strategies primarily focus on treating mental ill-health, and treatment approaches fail to account for cultural differences. This study aimed to explore how Chinese international students understand wellbeing, the language used about and for wellbeing, and activities that students believe strengthen their own and others’ wellbeing. Eighty-four Chinese international students completed the online survey, and a subset of 30 students participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic, phenomenographic, and language analyses. Physical health and mental health appeared as the key components that participants believed defined wellbeing, and intrapersonal activities were perceived as the primary approach used to strengthen wellbeing. Findings help broaden the understanding of wellbeing concept from the population of tertiary students, identify students’ perspectives of activities that strengthen their wellbeing, offer a snapshot of the language used by Chinese students around wellbeing, and provide new data of population health through a wellbeing lens.

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12

Cheng, Stephen K. K. "Cultural Explanation of a ‘Psychosis’ in a Chinese Woman Living in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 2 (June 1985): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678509161319.

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This case report concerns a Malaysian-born Chinese woman living in the outback of Australia who was diagnosed as ‘psychotic’ and who recovered without drug treatment. A knowledge of her cultural background threw doubt on the assumption that her complaints were psychotic. The case shows the need to adopt cultural sensitivity in the practice of psychiatry.

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Oei, Tian P. S., and Namrata Raylu. "Gambling Behaviours and Motivations: a Cross-Cultural Study of Chinese and Caucasians in Australia." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (July 10, 2009): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764008095692.

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Lam, Angus YK, Anthony F. Jorm, and Daniel FK Wong. "Mental health first aid training for the Chinese community in Melbourne, Australia: effects on knowledge about and attitudes toward people with mental illness." International Journal of Mental Health Systems 4, no. 1 (2010): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-4-18.

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Lu, Sharon Huixian, Blake Farran Dear, Luke Johnston, Bethany May Wootton, and Nickolai Titov. "An internet survey of emotional health, treatment seeking and barriers to accessing mental health treatment among Chinese-speaking international students in Australia." Counselling Psychology Quarterly 27, no. 1 (August 2013): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2013.824408.

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Soh, Nerissa, Lois J. Surgenor, Stephen Touyz, and Garry Walter. "Eating Disorders Across Two Cultures: Does the Expression of Psychological Control Vary?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 4 (April 2007): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701213278.

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Objective: Because both the expression of eating disorder (ED) symptoms and preferred psychological control styles may be affected by culture, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether the expression of psychological control in women with EDs varies across two cultures. Method: North European Australian and Chinese Singaporean women (n = 117) with anorexia nervosa (n = 36), bulimia nervosa (n = 13) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (n = 3), and without an ED (n = 65) recruited in Australia and Singapore completed a multidimensional inventory assessing sense of control, domains of control, preferred means by which to gain control, and motivation for control. Results: Although the normative control profile for each culture differed slightly, control profiles among those with an ED were very similar across both cultures. However, the directionality and extent of specific aspects of control pathology associated with the presence of an ED differed across cultures. North European Australians with an ED were much more deviant from the cultural norm than their Chinese Singaporean ED counterparts in relation to overall sense of control, methods of gaining control, and control in the domain of body. Chinese Singaporean woman with an ED were much more deviant from the cultural norm than their North European Australian ED counterparts in the domain of control over impulses. Conclusions: Having an ED powerfully distorts psychological control irrespective of culture. However the degree, directionality, and form of the displacement from normal control styles is also culture dependent. This has implications for treatments that attempt to redress or correct control issues in people with an ED in other cultures.

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Wong, Fu Keung Daniel, Yuk Kit Angus Lam, and Ada Poon. "Knowledge and preferences regarding schizophrenia among Chinese-speaking Australians in Melbourne, Australia." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 45, no. 9 (August 21, 2009): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0122-5.

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Manderson, Desmond. "Trends and Influences in the History of Australian Drug Legislation." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200304.

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In this article the author briefly traces some features in the emergence in Australia of legislation controlling “dangerous drugs” such as opium, morphine, cocaine and heroin from 1900 to 1950. It is argued that, in common with other similar countries, the first laws prohibiting the non-medical use of drugs were enacted as a symptom of anti-Chinese racism and not out of any concern for the health of users. It is further argued that later laws, which built upon that precedent, developed not through any independent assessment of the drug problem in Australia but rather in response to pressure from the international community. Australia's unthinking acceptance of the growing U.S.-led international consensus relating to “dangerous drugs” influenced legislation, policy and attitudes to illicit drug use. The structure of drug control which emerged incorporated and promoted the fears, values and solutions of other societies without any assessment of their validity or appropriateness.

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Poon, Weng Cheong, Lynette Joubert, and Carol Harvey. "Experiences of Chinese Migrants Caring for Family Members With Schizophrenia in Australia." Social Work in Health Care 52, no. 2-3 (February 2013): 144–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2012.737907.

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Chan, Bibiana. "Capitalising on the social resources within culturally and linguistically diverse communities for mental health promotion: stories of Australian Chinese people." Australian Journal of Primary Health 15, no. 1 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08058.

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Social capital, generally observed in Chinese cultures, can be considered as the glue that holds together all the norms, trust and social networks that enhance mutual benefit of a collectivistic society. The aim of this paper is to explore the best way to tap into these social resources in mental health promotion. A mixed-method study, consisting of 16 community focus groups and a quantitative survey (n = 528), was conducted among Chinese Australians (recruited from general practices) in metropolitan Sydney. Although the focus groups explored help-seeking behaviours during emotional distress, the survey assessed the prevalence of such episodes. Chinese informants identified ‘family and friends’, ‘cultural values’, ‘spirituality’ and ‘self’ as common ‘helpers’ for managing depressive episodes before professionals were consulted. These ‘helpers’ function as the ‘social capital’ within the Chinese community. Focus group narratives of the low-acculturated Chinese revealed that they turned to close friends and family for help during crises. Highly acculturated Chinese found ‘family values’ most helpful when facing adversity. Survey findings indicated that the self-report rate of lifetime depression in low-acculturated Chinese was significantly lower than that of Australians. These results resonate with Cullen and Whiteford’s (2001) proposition that a higher level of social capital decreases the incidence of depression. Although the links between social capital and mental health require further investigation, the current findings support its role in counteracting emotional distress. There are implications of the current research findings to wider culturally and linguistically diverse communities.

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Zheng, Wu Yi, Michael Walker, and Alex Blaszczynski. "Mahjong and Problem Gambling in Sydney: An Exploratory Study with Chinese Australians." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 25 (June 1, 2011): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.25.3.

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Gambling is accepted as an integral part of Chinese cultural heritage. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that problem gambling rates among Chinese community members residing in Western countries are substantially higher (2.1-2.9%) compared with those reported for mainstream populations (0.5-1.7%). However, these studies failed to differentiate culturally specific forms of gambling and their association with problem gambling within Chinese samples. Thus, it is not possible to determine if, or what proportion of, Chinese problem gamblers exhibit a propensity to experience problems with culturally specific, as opposed to mainstream, forms of gambling. Mahjong, a popular game deeply entrenched in Chinese tradition, is played among peers and family members. In a recent study conducted by Zheng, Walker, and Blaszczynski (2008), high rates of Mahjong-associated problem gambling were found in a sample of Chinese international students attending language schools and universities in Sydney, Australia. The aim of the current study was to explore the extent of Mahjong-associated problem gambling in a broader community sample of Chinese Australians. Results showed that in a sample of 229 respondents, males and those 35 years or older were more likely to gamble on Mahjong and that 3.1% met the Canadian Problem Gambling Severity Index criteria for Mahjong problem gambling.

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Walter, Garry, and Joseph M. Rey. "The Relevance of Herbal Treatments for Psychiatric Practice." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 4 (August 1999): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00568.x.

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Objective: The aim of this paper is to inform psychiatrists about the basic priniciples, terminology, schools of thought, efficacy, safety and regulatory issues regarding herbal treatments for mental illness. Method: Information was obtained by computerised and manual searching of medical and botanical data bases, and by discussions with experts in herbal medicine and regulatory aspects of the pharmaceutical industry. Results: Herbal medicines are commonly used in developed and developing countries for psychiatric illness. The main schools of herbal medicine in Australia are Western herbal medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and ‘Ayurveda’ (Indian herbal medicine). Herbs used for psychiatric or neurological disorders are termed ‘nervines’. Three nervines which have attracted considerable attention recently are St John's Wort, Gingko biloba and Valeriana officinalis. In Australia, most herbal drugs are classed as ‘listed drugs’ which are required to satisfy less rigorous safety and efficacy criteria than ‘registered drugs’. The popularity of herbal remedies has a number of clinical and research implications for psychiatry. Conclusions: Psychiatrists should not endorse treatments that are unsupported by sound research, nor remain ignorant about alternative approaches to mental illness. The extent of use of herbal treatments for mental illness suggests that psychiatrists should become more knowledgeable about developments in this area.

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de Vries, P. J., E. L. Davids, C. Mathews, and L. E. Aarø. "Measuring adolescent mental health around the globe: psychometric properties of the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in South Africa, and comparison with UK, Australian and Chinese data." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 4 (January 23, 2017): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016001207.

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Aims.This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Self-Report (SDQ-S) in South African adolescents, and compared findings with data from the UK, Australia and China.Methods.A sample of 3451 South African adolescents in grade 8, the first year of secondary school (Mage = 13.7 years), completed the SDQ-S in Afrikaans, English or isiXhosa. Means, group differences and internal consistency were analysed using SPSS V22, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using MPlus V7.Results.In the South African sample, significant gender differences were found for four of the five sub-scale means and for total difficulties, but gender differences of alpha scores were negligible. The internal consistency for the total difficulties, prosocial behaviour and emotional symptoms sub-scales were fair. UK cut-off values for caseness (set to identify the top 10% of scores in a UK sample) led to a higher proportion of South African adolescents classified in the ‘abnormal’ range on emotional and peer difficulties and a lower proportion classified in the ‘abnormal’ range for hyperactivity. South African cut-offs were therefore generated. The cross-country comparison with UK, Australian and Chinese data showed that South African adolescent boys and girls had the highest mean scores on total difficulties as well as on the subscales of emotional symptoms and conduct problems. In contrast, South African boys and girls had the lowest mean scores for hyperactivity/inattention. The UK boys and girls had the highest mean scores for hyperactivity/inattention, while the Australian sample had the highest scores for prosocial behaviours. The Chinese boys had the highest peer problem mean scores and Chinese boys and girls had the lowest means on prosocial behaviours. Confirmatory factor analyses showed significant item loadings with loadings higher than 0.40 for the emotional and prosocial behaviour sub-scales on the five-factor model, but not for all relevant items on the other three domains.Conclusions.Findings support the potential usefulness of the SDQ-S in a South African setting, but suggest that the SDQ-S should not be used with UK cut-off values, and indicate the need for further validation and standardisation work in South African adolescents. We recommend that in-country cut-offs for ‘caseness’ should be used for clinical purposes in South Africa, that cross-country comparisons should be made with caution, and that further examination of naturalistic clusters and factors of the SDQ should be performed in culturally and contextually diverse settings.

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Goh, Ivanna, Lee-Fay Low, and Henry Brodaty. "Levels and rates of depression among Chinese people living in Chinese ethno-specific and mainstream residential care in Sydney." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 2 (August 10, 2009): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161020999069x.

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ABSTRACTBackground: This study aimed to examine the levels and rates of depression in Chinese residents living in ethno-specific nursing homes (NHs), and Chinese residents living in mainstream NHs in Sydney. Australia has a growing aging migrant population and rates of depression in NHs are high, but the prevalence of depression in culturally and linguistically diverse residents has received little attention in the research literature.Methods: Older persons from a Chinese background residing in either Chinese-specific or mainstream NHs located in Sydney were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Assessments included the Mini-mental State Examination, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and interviews with family carers and staff.Results: Fifty-eight Chinese residents were recruited from three Chinese-specific NHs (n = 31) and 13 mainstream NHs (n = 27). There were no significant differences in resident depression levels or rates between the facility types. Mean CSDD scores were 9.4 (SD = 6.0) and 11.2 (SD = 6.1) in Chinese-specific and mainstream NHs, respectively. Chinese-specific NH residents had lower prescription levels of antipsychotics and more of them received effective antidepressant therapy in comparison to those in mainstream NHs.Conclusions: These findings suggest that in comparison to mainstream care Chinese ethno-specific care does not impact on levels or rates of depression but is associated with less antipsychotic use and higher numbers of residents treated effectively with antidepressant therapy. Longitudinal research with larger samples and a range of outcome measures including quality-of-life and social engagement is required to explore further the effects of ethno-specific care.

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PARKER, GORDON, BIBIANA CHAN, LUCY TULLY, and MAURICE EISENBRUCH. "Depression in the Chinese: the impact of acculturation." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 10 (July 22, 2005): 1475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705005623.

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Background. Studies of depression in the Chinese have long identified low rates and a greater likelihood of somatization, findings which could reflect cultural influences or real differences. We report a study from a western region examining the impact of acculturation on depression to clarify the role of cultural factors.Method. In a Sydney-based study, Chinese subjects (n=385) and a matched control group of 143 non-Chinese subjects completed either a Chinese or English questionnaire assessing state and lifetime depression, attributional style, depression recognition and help-seeking. The impact of acculturation was examined by several strategies.Results. Any tendency by the Chinese to somatize depression appeared to be attenuated by acculturation. State depression levels countered the view that Chinese necessarily deny depression. Lifetime depression rate differences were also attenuated by acculturation, with Chinese subjects being less likely than controls to judge episodes as a distinct disorder and to seek professional help.Conclusions. Results suggest that Australian Chinese do not differ intrinsically in recognizing and ascribing depressive symptoms, and that the greater the degree of acculturation, the greater the tendency for reporting persistent and impairing depressive episodes.

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Humphry, Tamara A., and Lina A. Ricciardelli. "The development of eating pathology in Chinese-Australian women: Acculturation versus culture clash." International Journal of Eating Disorders 35, no. 4 (2004): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.10269.

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Leone, Desiree, Natacha Carragher, Yvonne Santalucia, Brian Draper, Larry W. Thompson, Christopher Shanley, Angelica Mollina, Langduo Chen, Helena Kyriazopoulos, and Dolores Gallagher Thompson. "A Pilot of an Intervention Delivered to Chinese- and Spanish-Speaking Carers of People With Dementia in Australia." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 29, no. 1 (October 2013): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317513505130.

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Chan, Bibiana, Gordon Parker, Bibiana Chan, and Gordon Parker. "Some Recommendations to Assess Depression in Chinese People in Australasia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 3 (March 2004): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01321.x.

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Tait, Robert J., Gary K. Hulse, and Suzanne I. Robertson. "A Review of the Validity of the General Health Questionnaire in Adolescent Populations." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 4 (August 2002): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01028.x.

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Objective: To comprehensively review the validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) [ 1 ] with adolescents (aged 12–19). Although the GHQ has been extensively used and validated with adults and has been frequently used with adolescents, the validity data for this group are sporadic. Method: Systematic review of the English language peer-reviewed literature. Results: Eight studies were identified validating the GHQ with young people of which four included only adolescents and four studies involved young adults and adolescents. Of these eight studies, four used an English language version of the GHQ and four used a translated version. Conclusions: The GHQ has demonstrated validity with older adolescents (17 + years) from the UK and Hong Kong (Chinese translation) and with girls aged 15 in the UK, but there are few data for either gender, aged less than 15 years. Studies in Australia and Italy reported a high proportion of misclassified cases while the studies in Spain and Yugoslavia included some older subjects (20 + years). Therefore, the validity of the GHQ for adolescents in populations other than the UK and Hong Kong remains to be demonstrated. Implications: Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals need to be aware of the above limitations when using the GHQ as a screening instrument with adolescents. Further studies are required to: (i) determine the minimum age at which it can be employed, (ii) compare the use of adult versus adolescent criterion interviews, (iii) assemble relevant normative data, and (iv) establish the validity of translated versions.

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Dow, Briony, Xiaoping Lin, Nancy A. Pachana, Christina Bryant, Dina LoGiudice, Anita M.Y. Goh, and Betty Haralambous. "Reliability, concurrent validity, and cultural adaptation of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory for detecting depression and anxiety symptoms among older Chinese immigrants: an Australian study." International Psychogeriatrics 30, no. 5 (November 8, 2017): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217002332.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Older Chinese people are one of the largest and fastest growing immigrant groups in Western countries. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) are screening tools that have been specifically designed for older people. This study explored their validity, concurrent reliability, and cultural appropriateness for detecting depression and anxiety symptoms among older Chinese immigrants living in Melbourne, Australia.Methods:A total of 87 Chinese people were recruited from Chinese senior groups. Five screening tools were used, including the GDS, the GAI, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Kessler 10 (K10), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data were collected through standardized interviews.Results:The GDS and the GAI were found to be reliable and valid tools for detecting depression and anxiety in this sample. Based on the results of the five screening tools, approximately 20% of participants exhibited clinically significant symptoms of depression and 8% of anxiety. Unexpectedly, there was a higher rate of depression and anxiety symptoms among Mandarin speaking people compared with Cantonese speaking people.Conclusion:This study adds to the evidence that older Chinese immigrants are at greater risk of depression than the general older population. It suggests that primary care and mental health services should be aware of and responsive to the increased risk of depression among this group and that further studies are needed to investigate what is contributing to this increased risk.

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Han, Jin, Philip J. Batterham, Alison L. Calear, and Jennifer Ma. "Seeking professional help for suicidal ideation: A comparison between Chinese and Australian university students." Psychiatry Research 270 (December 2018): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.080.

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Coyle, Meaghan, and Caroline Smith. "A Survey Comparing Tcm Diagnosis, Health Status and Medical Diagnosis in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction." Acupuncture in Medicine 23, no. 2 (June 2005): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.23.2.62.

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Introduction For many women, undergoing assisted reproductive technology can be a difficult experience, and can result in changes in physical and emotional health and wellbeing. Recent research has suggested that acupuncture may be helpful for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. To date, there is no information describing the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes seen in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology, or relationships between TCM and Western medicine diagnoses. Objective To examine the health status of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology from both Western and Chinese medicine perspectives. Methods One hundred and eighty women were included in the study. All underwent a TCM diagnosis, 177 (98.3%) completed the quality of life questionnaire SF36. Information about Western medicine diagnosis was collected from case notes and was available for 176 (97.7%) women. Results Women in the trial reported poorer health on several domains of the SF36 compared with the South Australian population. The most common TCM diagnosis was ‘Kidney Yang deficiency’, diagnosed for 53.9% of patients. A TCM diagnosis of Qi or ‘Blood stagnation’ was associated with poorer quality of life on the mental health, emotional role function and social function domains of the SF36. No associations were found between TCM diagnosis and physical or general health components of the SF36. Conclusions Associations between TCM and reproductive health diagnoses were demonstrated. Emotional health and wellbeing is an important aspect of patient care that needs to be addressed in clinical practice and research studies, as the findings suggest that this aspect of their health is often poorer during assisted reproductive technology.

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Ho, Ka Po, Caroline Hunt, and Stephen Li. "Patterns of help-seeking behavior for anxiety disorders among the Chinese speaking Australian community." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43, no. 11 (June 23, 2008): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0387-0.

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Wu, Helen Zong Ying, Lee-Fay Low, Shifu Xiao, and Henry Brodaty. "Differences in psychological morbidity among Australian and Chinese caregivers of persons with dementia in residential care." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 24, no. 12 (December 2009): 1343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.2264.

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Chan, Sally Wai-chi, Victoria Williamson, and Helen McCutcheon. "A Comparative Study of the Experiences of a Group of Hong Kong Chinese and Australian Women Diagnosed With Postnatal Depression." Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 45, no. 2 (April 2009): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6163.2009.00211.x.

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Ollendick, Thomas H., Bin Yang, Neville J. King, Qi Dong, and Adebowale Akande. "Fears in American, Australian, Chinese, and Nigerian Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Cultural Study." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 37, no. 2 (February 1996): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01393.x.

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Wong, D. F. K., A. Poon, and Y. C. Lai Kwok. "The maintenance effect of cognitive-behavioural treatment groups for the Chinese parents of children with intellectual disabilities in Melbourne, Australia: a 6-month follow-up study." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 55, no. 11 (June 13, 2011): 1043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01431.x.

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Pelling, Nadine. "Mental Health in Australia." International Journal of Mental Health 44, no. 1-2 (January 2, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2015.1009741.

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Brown, Peggy. "Mental health in rural Australia." Australian Journal of Rural Health 25, no. 5 (October 2017): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12402.

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Williams, Anthony T. "Mental Health Services in Australia." International Journal of Mental Health 22, no. 1 (March 1993): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207411.1993.11449248.

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Coombs, Tim, and Tom Meehan. "Mental health outcomes in Australia: Issues for mental health nurses." International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 12, no. 3 (September 2003): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0979.2003.00285.x.

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Yip, Kam-shing. "Chinese concepts of mental health." International Social Work 48, no. 4 (July 2005): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872805053462.

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English In terms of the traditional Chinese medical, Confucian and Taoist schools of thought, Chinese concepts of mental health have a strong impact. All these have significant implications for culturally sensitive or culturally competent social work practice in Chinese communities. French Les concepts chinois de santé mentale, issus des écoles de pensée médicale chinoise traditionnelle, confucianiste et taoiste, ont un fort impact sur la santé mentale de la population chinoise. Ces écoles de pensée ont une implication significative pour le travail social compétent et culturellement sensible dans les communautés chinoises. Spanish De acuerdo a la medicina tradicional china y a las escuelas de pensamiento Confucianas y Taoi¨stas, los conceptos chinos sobre salud mental tienen un fuerte impacto en la salud mental de la población. Ello tiene implicaciones significativas sobre la cultura de sensibilidad o la cultura competente de la práctica del trabajo social con las comunidades chinas.

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Mullen, Paul E., Sue Briggs, Tom Dalton, and Michael Burt. "Forensic Mental Health Services in Australia." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 23, no. 5-6 (September 2000): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2527(00)00057-1.

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Whiteford, Harvey. "Mental health services research in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 11 (October 31, 2017): 1075–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417738413.

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Lessing, Kate, and Ilse Blignault. "Mental health telemedicine programmes in Australia." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633011936949.

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A national survey of mental health telemedicine programmes was conducted and data collected on their catchment areas, organizational structure, equipment, clinical and non-clinical activity, and use by populations who traditionally have been poorly served by mental health services in Australia. Of 25 programmes surveyed, information was obtained for 23. Sixteen programmes had dealt with a total of 526 clients during the preceding three months. Of these, 397 (75%) were resident in rural or remote locations at the time of consultation. Thirty-seven (7%) were Aboriginals or Torres Strait Islanders. Only 19 (4%) were migrants from non-English-speaking backgrounds. The programmes provided both direct clinical and secondary support services. Overall, the number of videoconferencing sessions devoted to clinical activity was low, the average being 123 sessions of direct clinical care per programme per year. Videoconferencing was also used for professional education, peer support, professional supervision, administration and linking families. The results of the study suggest that telehealth can increase access to mental health services for people in rural and remote areas, particularly those who have hitherto been poorly served by mental health services in Australia.

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Rosen, Alan, Patrick McGorry, Grace Groom, Ian Hickie, Roger Gurr, Barbara Hocking, Margaret Leggatt, et al. "Australia Needs a Mental Health Commission." Australasian Psychiatry 12, no. 3 (September 2004): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1039-8562.2004.02116.x.

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Wang, Wei, and Xiaochun Miao. "Chinese Students’ Concept of Mental Health." Western Journal of Nursing Research 23, no. 3 (April 2001): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01939450122045131.

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Zhao, X., and J. Dawson. "The New Chinese Mental Health Law." Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 21, no. 5 (January 30, 2014): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2014.882248.

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Cashin, Andrew, Thomas Buckley, Ngaire Watson, Claire Newman, Michael Carey, Cheryl Waters, Mona Shattell, and Tony MacCulloch. "Can Mental Health Nurses diagnose in Australia?" Issues in Mental Health Nursing 31, no. 12 (December 2010): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2010.523812.

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Newman, L. K., M. Dudley, and Z. Steel. "Asylum, Detention, and Mental Health in Australia." Refugee Survey Quarterly 27, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdn034.

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