Academic literature on the topic 'Chinese lexicography'

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Journal articles on the topic "Chinese lexicography"

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Chen, Wenge. "Lexicography, discourse and power." Pragmatics and Society 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 601–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.8.4.06che.

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Abstract This paper conceptualizes dictionary bilingualization as a recontextualizing practice and explores how ideology and power play out in the recontextualization of lexicographic discourse across languages and cultures to result in the transformation of meaning. It first proposes viewing the (bilingualized) dictionary as discourse and emphasizes bilingual lexicography as a site of an asymmetrical linguistic and cultural power dynamics. The paper then argues that a synergy of critical discourse analysis and postcolonial studies can reveal the inter-cultural ideological struggle implicit in the bilingualizing lexicographic practice. The body of the study is devoted to the analysis of those shifts taking place in the entries, definition, illustrative examples and pragmatic labels in a bilingualized English-Chinese dictionary, which, when viewed cumulatively, significantly reshape the ideological positioning of the dictionary. The paper discusses the implications for critical lexicographic studies and for research into the interplay between power and resistance between dominating and dominated cultures. It concludes that Periphery English dictionary compilers are able to negotiate the different subjectivities and ideologies inherent in dictionary making and to adopt a subject position favorable to their empowerment in the international English lexicography, although such resistance is far from capable of restructuring the order of lexicography.
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Hu, Cui, and Ben G. Li. "Chinese lexicography and stock trading." International Review of Economics & Finance 73 (May 2021): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.12.032.

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Gao, Yongwei. "Whither Chinese–English lexicography? – From a historical perspective." Lexicography 8, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20869.

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2020 marked the 200th anniversary of the publication of the second part of Robert Morrison’s A Dictionary of the Chinese Language which has been widely recognized as the first Chinese–English (hereinafter abbreviated to C–E) dictionary and signaled the beginning of C–E lexicography. From the late Qing Dynasty to the present, literally several hundred C–E dictionaries, small or large, have been compiled, though the number of noteworthy ones is rather limited. Nevertheless, research into C–E lexicography has gradually developed into a distinct field of study as witnessed by thousands of academic papers and over a dozen books devoted to its research. A search of (Chinese–English dictionary) as the keyword in CNKI, a database of journal articles, theses, and dissertations written in the Chinese language, came up with 8,365 results. Most of the discussions center round topics such as dictionary criticism, history of dictionary-making, theoretical construction, and case studies. The history of bilingual lexicography in China, for instance, was under-researched in the past as a result of the lack of original copies of early dictionaries, which, however, has been improved thanks to the reprinting and wide availability of such dictionaries since the beginning of the 21st century. Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911 (Heming Yong et al., 2008), for instance, devoted only a few pages to the earliest history of C–E lexicography which spans more than 70 years. But now dozens of academic papers and even several books (e.g. Yang, 2012; Gao, 2014) have been written about the early bilingual dictionary-makers and their lexicographical works, presenting a clear picture of the evolution of C–E lexicography. Today more than two decades into the 21st century, the C–E lexicography scene is not as crowded as its English–Chinese counterpart as there are only a few major players. The paper aims to present a brief history of C–E lexicography with a focus on lexicographical tradition and creativity, elaborate on the deficiencies or problems found within the major C–E dictionaries, and finally discuss the future directions of C–E lexicography.
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Considine, John. "Towards a History of Chinese Lexicography." Historiographia Linguistica 37, no. 1-2 (May 21, 2010): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.37.1-2.05con.

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Considine, John. "Towards a History of Chinese Lexicography." Historiographia Linguistica 37, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.37.1/2.05con.

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Tarp, Sven. "Revival of a Dusty Old Profession." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 21, no. 41 (August 28, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v21i41.96819.

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This text is the inaugural lecture presented by Professor Sven Tarp at the Aarhus School of Business on March 14, 2008. Firstly, the text provides a brief retrospect of the history of lexicography with emphasis on the experience of the big Chinese encyclopedias and the fi rst big National Danish Dictionary. On this basis, it calls for the further development of an independent theory of lexicography in order to go beyond the experience of past and present lexicographic works and project the discipline into the future. It then discusses some of the problems hampering this process. With a call for innovation, it urges the lexicographers to produce the works that are really needed by users and the State to fi nance the production of such tools of national, cultural, social and economic importance in the present information era. Finally, it concludes that the researchers in lexicography need the audacity to go beyond the usual boundaries and generate new ideas, even if they are initially not welcomed or even understood.
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Qin, Melissa Xiaohui, and Jingyang Gao. "The Chinese English dictionary : An online resource for Chinese English lexicography." World Englishes 39, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/weng.12390.

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Ding, Jun. "Sinicization as glocalization in The Chinese English Dictionary." Lexicography 8, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20870.

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This study explores the Chineseness on different levels as displayed in the lexicographic text of The Chinese English Dictionary (unabridged, 1st volume, 2015) (CED) and interprets it as Sinicization informed by the spirit of glocalization. Adopting the discourse approach proposed by Chen (2019) as CLDS (Critical Lexicographical Discourse Studies), it views CED as discourse and aims to examine and reveal how the dominant ideological powers within Chinese society may have borne on the dictionary's distinct Sinicizing efforts. It proposes that CED has effectively challenged the established norms of bilingual lexicography involving English in mainland China in its negotiating Chinese into sharing the status of target language with English and infusing the dictionary text with rich traditional Chinese culture. Meanwhile, CED also demonstrates strong glocalizing tendencies in its consistent 'de-ideologizing' efforts in the treatment of historic-political and cultural terms, as well as its unusual emphasis on acculturation as a translation guideline which serves well to universalize the local and vice versa.
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Xue, Mei. "Presenting Examples in Learners’ Dictionaries to Assist Chinese Learners in Writing English Texts." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 24, no. 46 (October 24, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v24i46.97367.

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It has been widely acknowledged that exemplification plays a very significant role in foreign language learning. Many studies have been conducted on dictionary examples, but little attention has been paid to how examples can assist a specific group of foreign learners engaged in a specific learning activity. The present study is intended to fill this gap by investigating how to optimize examples in English learners’ dictionaries to help Chinese learners with writing in English. The functional theory of lexicography will be employed in this study. This investigation will be carried out in two stages. The first one consists in identifying the lexicographic needs of foreign learners engaged in the task of English writing and consulting dictionary examples. The second stage is a demonstration of some proposals for exemplification in learners’ dictionaries through model articles. The purpose of this study is to give new insights into exemplification in learners’ dictionaries for future lexicographic research and practice.
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Zgusta, Ladislav. "The Czech-Chinese Dictionary and the theory of lexicography (Svākośavidyaśāstrakaran˙yam)." International Journal of Lexicography 5, no. 2 (1992): 85–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/5.2.85.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chinese lexicography"

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Che, Wai Lam. "A study of the culture-oriented approach adopted by Robert Morrison in A dictionary of the Chinese language." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2000. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/237.

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Wang, Mei. "A critical evaluation of bilingual Chinese/English dictionaries for elementary and intermediate Mandarin learners at Stellenbosch University." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19925.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The number of Chinese-learners in South Africa has increased rapidly in recent years, but the quality of the dictionaries that are available for their use has not improved much. The more students study Chinese, the more it becomes necessary to create suitable dictionaries to facilitate their studies. In the hope of meeting this need, this study selects two written dictionaries commonly used by students at Stellenbosch University in South Africa, namely the Oxford Beginner's Chinese Dictionary and the Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary, to analyze, comment on and compare in terms of structure and equivalence. Using the results of this analysis, this study offers suggestions for improving the quality of future Mandarin learner’s dictionaries. This study takes into consideration the situation faced by students when learning Chinese abroad, especially in South Africa, the development of pedagogical lexicography in Chinese-learner’s dictionaries in China and abroad, the relationship between online dictionaries and written dictionaries, and some special characteristics of the Chinese language, all of which factors greatly influence the making of a dictionary. Theoretically and methodically, this study is based on Function Theory as presented by Sven Tarp. According to Function Theory, before writing a dictionary, lexicographers must analyze specific types of users in specific types of situations. This study attempts to follow Tarp’s suggestion by analyzing a small group of dictionary users with the help of a survey conducted by the author in an attempt to get a general idea of how Mandarin learners at Stellenbosch University use dictionaries. The main focus of this study is the frame structure, microstructure, macrostructure and dictionary equivalence in two dictionaries--Concise and Beginner’s. After carefully analyzing these aspects of the dictionaries, the author identifies the sections of these dictionaries which successfully present information in a way that will be most beneficial for their intended audiences. The study goes on to pinpoint less-successful sections of the two dictionaries and provides suggestions for improvement. In sum, this study focuses on using the principle of Function Theory to determine what features should be included in Mandarin learner’s dictionaries to make them more suitable for elementary and intermediate learners of Mandarin at Stellenbosch University, in South Africa, and, by extension, in other parts of the world.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afgelope paar jaar het die aantal studente van Sjinees in Suid-Afrika aansienlik toegeneem, maar die standaard van beskikbare woordeboeke het nie veel verbeter nie. Hoe meer studente Sjinees bestudeer hoe noodsaakliker is dit om gepaste woordeboeke te ontwikkel om hulle in hulle studie te help. Om aan hierdie behoefte te voldoen, kies hierdie studie twee woordeboeke wat gereeld deur studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch benut word, naamlik die Oxford Beginner’s Chinese Dictionary en die Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary, om hulle te ontleed, kommentaar te lewer en hulle met mekaar in terme van struktuur en ekwivalensie te vergelyk. Met behulp van gevolgtrekkings uit hierdie ontleding word voorstelle gemaak oor hoe om die standaard van toekomstige woordeboeke te verbeter. Die studie neem die situasie in ag waarmee studente wat in die buiteland Sjinees studeer, veral in Suid Afrika, te doen kry, die ontwikkeling van pedagogiese leksikografie in woordeboeke in Sjina sowel as die buiteland, die verhouding tussen aanlynwoordeboeke en gedrukte woordeboeke en sekere spesiale eienskappe van die Sjinese taal - alles faktore wat die opstel van woordeboeke beïnvloed. Teoreties en metodologies is hierdie studie op die funksieteorie, soos aangebied deur Sven Tarp, gebaseer. Volgens die funksieteorie moet leksikograwe voor die opstel van 'n woordeboek spesifieke tipes gebruikers in spesifieke situasies analiseer. Hierdie studie poog om Tarp se voorstelle te volg deur 'n klein groep woordeboekgebruikers, met behulp van 'n ondersoek, uitgevoer deur die outeur, te analiseer om sodoende 'n algemene idee te formuleer van hoe Mandarynse studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch woordeboeke benut. Die hooffokus van hierdie studie is die raamwerk, mikrostruktuur, makrostruktuur en ekwivalensie in die twee gekose woordeboeke – Concise en Beginner’s. Nadat hierdie aspekte van die woordeboeke noukeurig ontleed is, identifiseer die outeur die dele wat inligting op die voordeligste manier vir die bestemde gebruiker aanbied. Ook identifiseer hierdie studie die minder suksesvolle dele en stel moontlike verbeteringe voor. Samevattend fokus hierdie studie daarop om die beginsel van die funksieteorie te benut deur vas te stel watter eienskappe in woordeboeke ingesluit moet word om hulle meer geskik te maak vir elementêre en intermediêre Mandarynse studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch in Suid-Afrika, sowel as in ander dele van die wêreld.
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BERTULESSI, CHIARA. "ANALISI CRITICA DEL DISCORSO LESSICOGRAFICO CINESE: UNO STUDIO DIACRONICO DELLO XIANDAI HANYU CIDIAN 现代汉语词&#20856." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/702077.

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This dissertation proposes a study, from a critical and diachronic perspective, of the Xiandai hanyu cidian 现代汉语词典 (hereinafter XHC), a monolingual dictionary of standard modern Chinese (putonghua 普通话) which plays a central role within the lexicographical field of the People’s Republic of China. The compilation of the dictionary is entrusted to the Institute of Linguistics belonging to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and, since its foundation in 1977, to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, which are both research institutions placed under direct control of the State Council. Officially published for the first time in 1978, and now in its seventh edition (2016), the XHC was conceived by the political leadership as a tool for promoting the standardisation and the popularisation of the common language, within the broader project for language reform in the 1950s. This research adopts the theoretical framework of critical lexicography, and it is based on the premise that a dictionary can be analysed as a form of discourse and, specifically, as a form of lexicographical discourse, which is also to be understood as being historically specific (Benson 2001). According to this perspective, the contents of language dictionaries and, therefore, their lexicographical discourse, should be considered in relation to the extra-textual reality where their compilation and their fruition take place. They can be seen both as products of their extra-textual reality and as tools playing an active role in the reception, construction, and consolidation, as well as in the dissemination of those meanings that are considered as correct and acceptable by the dominant ideology (Fairclough 1989; Fishman 1995; Hornscheidt 2008, Rodríguez Barcia 2012). The objective of the analysis is to verify whether and to what extent the lexicographical discourse constructed by the XHC reflects and interacts with its extra-textual, ideological, and, therefore, political and social context. The research intends to fill a gap in the critical literature on this dictionary, in which the studies investigating the relationship between lexicographical discourse and ideological elements are, at the present day, still very limited (Lee 2014; Hu H., Hai X. and Hao J. 2019). This dissertation is divided into two main parts: the first consists of the first, the second and the third chapters and the second includes the fourth and the fifth chapters. The first chapter centres upon the definition of the theoretical framework of the study and, specifically, on the relationship between language and ideology, as well as between lexicography and ideology. The second chapter aims firstly at reconstructing the history of the XHC and, subsequently, describing its formal and lexicographical features. The third chapter is dedicated to an evaluation of the state of the art of the research on the dictionary. The fourth chapter presents the methodology constructed and followed for the selection of the dictionary entries taken into analysis. The selection has been carried out through the use of the software AntConc for the analysis of a corpus specifically built for this study. This corpus comprises reports on the work of the government, usually presented to the National People’s Congress by the Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of China, and reports presented by political leaders to the National Congress of the Chinese Communist party (1964-2017). The analysis and the selection of the words (and, therefore, of the dictionary entries) from the political corpus was guided by the definition of both qualitative criteria (morphological and semantic features) and quantitative criteria (number of occurrences). Finally, the fifth chapter is devoted to the analysis, in a critical, ideological, and diachronic perspective, of the definitions of the selected entries, which were collected through the consultation of successive editions of the XHC. More precisely, the case study examines all the editions of the dictionary, from the first to the seventh (1978, 1983, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2012, 2016), together with the so-called ‘trial edition’ (shiyongben 试用本), printed in 1973, and the ‘supplement edition’ (bubian 补编) published in 1989. A specific section is dedicated to each entry, discussing both the nature of the definitions, including the lexicographical examples, and their evolution in a diachronic perspective, thus evaluating the ways in which the definitions construct the meaning of each entry in relation to the ideological, political, and social context of the dictionary. The final part of the dissertation provides some concluding remarks that retrace the results of the critical analysis. The closing section mainly discusses how the lexicographical discourse defined by the selected entries of the XHC interacts with its context of compilation and the degree to which it reflects the official formulations and meanings of the Chinese leadership regarding some specific concepts. Finally, a broader discussion about the critical approach adopted for this research will also be offered.
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Yan, Xiaolei. "Dire la Chine en français : ses représentations dans des dictionnaires et encyclopédies (1627-1877)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR006.

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L’histoire culturelle des dictionnaires a frayé un nouveau terrain de recherche des études des représentations. La rétroaction du sens figuré du mot chinois nous a dirigé vers ce présent travail visant aux représentations de la Chine dans les dictionnaires français. Avec l’histoire culturelle des dictionnaires comme cadre théorique principal, nos études se sont appliqués aux neuf dictionnaires dont les dates de publication couvrent une période de 250 ans. À travers les observations et les analyses sur la formation, le changement et la transmission des représentations de la Chine, nous avons découvert des influences complexes des multiples facteurs concernant les dictionnaires sur les représentations, et l’effet non négligeable au fil du temps des dictionnaires sur la formation des stéréotypes concernant la Chine dans la langue française
The cultural history study of dictionaries has opened a new field for the research of representations. A retrospection of the extended meaning of the french word “chinois” led us to the present work about representations of China in french dictionaries. With the cultural history of dictionaries as the main theoretical framework, we have studied nine dictionaries whose publication dates cover 250 years. Through observations and analyzes on the formation, the change and the transmission of representations of China, we have uncovered complex influences of multiple factors about the dictionaries on representations, and the significant effect over time of dictionaries on the formation of stereotypes concerning China in the french language
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Dubreuil, André. "LeJijiupian : premier dictionnaire chinois, manuel pédagogique et modèle calligraphique." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4023.

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Le Jijiupian, également appelé Jijiuzhang par des calligraphes est un glossaire rimé qui contient environ mille mots reflétant la brillante civilisation des Han. Il servira aussi de modèle d'écriture cursive zhangcao, d'où son rôle aussi important dans l'histoire de l'éducation élémentaire que dans l'histoire de la lexicographie ou de la calligraphie. Les deux majeures versions du texte, composées à deux siècles d'intervalle montrent deux étapes de l'orthographe chinoise, avant et après la publication du fameux dictionnaire de Xu Shen, le Shuowen jiezi. L'étude, utilisant les résultats conjoints de la recherche archéologique et de la philologie comparée, comprend une histoire détaillée de la transmission du texte, une édition critique, une traduction commentée et abondamment illustrée, un choix de préfaces historiques, une étude de caractères répétés, une table des rimes et un index alphabétique des occurrences
Jijiupian, currently named Jijiuzhang by the Chinese calligraphics, is a rhymed glossary, which contains around one thousand various words reflecting the brilliant civilization of the Han. It will be used as pattern of the cursive writing zhangcao, so that this glossary is important in the history of the elementary education as well as in the history of the lexicography or the calligraphy. The two major versions of the glossary, each other separated by two centuries, show two levels of the Chinese writing, before and after the publication of the Xu Shen's famous dictionary Shuowen jiezi. The study, which uses the results of both archeological research and comparative philology, contains a comprehensive history of the transmission of the text, a critical edition, a translation with abundant notes and rich iconography, a presentation of its most famous prefaces, a study about the iterative characters of the Jijiuan, a table of the old rhymes and an alphabetical index of the occurrences
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Shen, Feifei. "Les dictionnaires bilingues francais-chinois (1605-1912) : histoire, caractéristiques et typologie." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR083.

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Notre thèse porte sur l’histoire culturelle des dictionnaires bilingues français ↔ chinois. Notre but est d’examiner l’histoire des dictionnaires à travers les éditeurs, les lexicographes et les imprimeurs afin de trouver des caractéristiques du corpus sélectionné et d’établir une typologie des dictionnaires inventoriés. Cette étude apporte des éléments aux futurs travaux sur la lexicographie bilingue française et chinoise. Notre travail est divisé en deux parties : étude historique et étude métalexicographique. Dans l’analyse historique, un rappel de l’histoire de la Chine est donné dans un premier temps pour établir un panorama du contexte d’étude. Les chapitres suivants traitent de questions concernant l’apparition des dictionnaires bilingues en Chine et leur développement, les éditeurs et les imprimeurs, les lexicographes. Dans la partie métalexicographique, l’accent est mis sur les paratextes, les macrostructures, les nomenclatures et les microstructures. Notre recherche a porté sur l’ensemble des études lexicographiques bilingues françaises et chinoises
Our thesis deals with the cultural history of the French ↔ Chinese bilingual dictionaries. Our aim is to examine the history of dictionaries through their publishers, lexicographers and printers in order to find characteristics of the selected corpus and to establish a typology of the inventoried dictionaries. This study provides ideas for future work on French and Chinese bilingual lexicography. Our work is divided into two parts : historical study and metalexicographical study. In the historical analysis, a reminder of the chinese history is given at the outset to expose a panorama of the study’s context. The following chapters deal with questions concerning the emergence of bilingual dictionaries in China and their development, publishers and printers, and lexicographers. In the metalexicographic part, emphasis is placed on paratexts, macrostructures, nomenclatures and microstructures. Our research has contributed to the study of French and Chinese bilingual lexicographic
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Wang, Suowing. "Lexicultura na Língua Chinesa e na Lexicografia Bilingue de Chinês-Português." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17164.

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No contexto de internacionalização de hoje, acompanhando os contactos cada vez mais intensos entre o mundo chinês e o mundo lusófono, é exigida a maior atenção à questão da lexicultura na comunicação interlingual e intercultural, pois o que preocupa as partes envolvidas não é apenas descodificar os signos meramente linguísticos, mas também perceber a cultura que a língua, nomeadamente as unidades lexicais transportam, visando um comportamento culturalmente correto e adequado nessa comunicação. Partindo desta preocupação, este trabalho tenta, através da abordagem e análise da língua, da escrita e do léxico chineses, comprovar que o chinês, devido às suas peculiaridades inexistentes em outras línguas do mundo, constitui o vivo exemplo que exemplifica e alarga o conceito de lexicultura, pois a própria língua, sobretudo a sua escrita e as suas unidades lexicais, além de refletirem a cultura popular e partilhada, também contam verdadeiras histórias da Humanidade e da China. Baseando-se nesta abordagem e análise, a tese apresenta um novo modelo de dicionário cultural chinês-português, com propostas concretas de seleção de vedetas para a sua macroestrutura e de definição de vedetas na sua microestrutura, ao serviço da comunicação entre os dois mundos em questão.
In today's context of internationalization, accompanying the increasingly intense contacts between the Chinese world and the Portuguese-speaking world, the greatest attention is required to the issue of lexiculture in interlingual and intercultural communication, for what concerns the parties involved is not only to decode merely linguistic signs, but also understand the culture that the language, namely the lexical units, carry, aiming at a culturally correct and appropriate behaviour in that communication. Based on this concern, this paper attempts, through the approach and analysis of the Chinese language, writing and lexicon, to prove that the Chinese, due to its peculiarities non-existent in other languages in the world, is the living example that exemplifies and extends the concept of lexiculture, because the language itself, its writing and its lexical units, besides reflecting popular culture and shared culture, also feature true stories of humanity and China. Based on this approach and analysis, this paper presents a new model of Chinese- Portuguese cultural dictionary, with concrete proposals of entries selection for its macrostructure and entries definition in its microstructure at the service of communication between the two worlds in question.
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"Statistical modeling for lexical chains for automatic Chinese news story segmentation." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894500.

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Chan, Shing Kai.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-114).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.v
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Motivation for Story Segmentation --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Terminologies --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Goals --- p.6
Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Organization --- p.8
Chapter 2 --- Background Study --- p.9
Chapter 2.1 --- Coherence-based Approaches --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Defining Coherence --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Lexical Chaining --- p.12
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Cosine Similarity --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Language Modeling --- p.19
Chapter 2.2 --- Feature-based Approaches --- p.21
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Lexical Cues --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Audio Cues --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Video Cues --- p.24
Chapter 2.3 --- Pros and Cons and Hybrid Approaches --- p.25
Chapter 2.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.27
Chapter 3 --- Experimental Corpora --- p.29
Chapter 3.1 --- The TDT2 and TDT3 Multi-language Text Corpus --- p.29
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.29
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Program Particulars and Structures --- p.31
Chapter 3.2 --- Data Preprocessing --- p.33
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Challenges of Lexical Chain Formation on Chi- nese Text --- p.33
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Word Segmentation for Word Units Extraction --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Part-of-speech Tagging for Candidate Words Ex- traction --- p.36
Chapter 3.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.37
Chapter 4 --- Indication of Lexical Cohesiveness by Lexical Chains --- p.39
Chapter 4.1 --- Lexical Chain as a Representation of Cohesiveness --- p.40
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Choice of Word Relations for Lexical Chaining --- p.41
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Lexical Chaining by Connecting Repeated Lexi- cal Elements --- p.43
Chapter 4.2 --- Lexical Chain as an Indicator of Story Segments --- p.48
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Indicators of Absence of Cohesiveness --- p.49
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Indicator of Continuation of Cohesiveness --- p.58
Chapter 4.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.62
Chapter 5 --- Indication of Story Boundaries by Lexical Chains --- p.63
Chapter 5.1 --- Formal Definition of the Classification Procedures --- p.64
Chapter 5.2 --- Theoretical Framework for Segmentation Based on Lex- ical Chaining --- p.65
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Evaluation of Story Segmentation Accuracy --- p.65
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Previous Approach of Story Segmentation Based on Lexical Chaining --- p.66
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Statistical Framework for Story Segmentation based on Lexical Chaining --- p.69
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Post Processing of Ratio for Boundary Identifi- cation --- p.73
Chapter 5.3 --- Comparing Segmentation Models --- p.75
Chapter 5.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.79
Chapter 6 --- Analysis of Lexical Chains Features as Boundary Indi- cators --- p.80
Chapter 6.1 --- Error Analysis --- p.81
Chapter 6.2 --- Window Length in the LRT Model --- p.82
Chapter 6.3 --- The Relative Importance of Each Set of Features --- p.84
Chapter 6.4 --- The Effect of Removing Timing Information --- p.92
Chapter 6.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.96
Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.98
Chapter 7.1 --- Contributions --- p.98
Chapter 7.2 --- Future Works --- p.100
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Further Extension of the Framework --- p.100
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Wider Applications of the Framework --- p.105
Bibliography --- p.106
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Veloso, André Jorge Barbosa Serra da Silva. "O Dicionário na aprendizagem de Línguas Estrangeiras: uma reflexão acerca do seu papel no processo de aprendizagem de Português Língua Estrangeira por sinofalantes." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/44341.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação Empresarial
Os estudantes de línguas, ao longo do seu percurso no ensino superior, utilizam uma grande variedade de recursos e ferramentas para os auxiliarem nos seus estudos, incluindo o mais diverso tipo de materiais didáticos, que variam em função do nível de proficiência linguística dos seus utilizadores. Dentre os recursos disponíveis, a grande maioria dos estudantes não dispensa o dicionário, seja este em formato digital ou em papel, podendo o seu conteúdo variar também de acordo com as necessidades do aprendente. Apesar do seu papel central no processo de aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, as pesquisas em torno do dicionário são relativamente pouco desenvolvidas, e a falta de informação sobre este tema levou ao surgimento de vários mitos e teorias contraditórias sobre as consequências da sua utilização no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Neste trabalho reflete-se sobre as potencialidades da utilização do dicionário em contexto de aprendizagem, mais especificamente no estudo de PLE por sinofalantes, apresentando e discutindo criticamente algumas das teorias sobre a utilização do dicionário, assim como oferecendo sugestões sobre como este pode ser incorporado na sala de aula no sentido de contribuir para o desenvolvimento da proficiência linguística e cultural dos alunos.
Language students, throughout their path in higher education, make use of a plethora of tools and resources to aid them in their studies, including several types of schoolbooks that vary according to the proficiency level of their users. Although there are many resources available, most of them opt to carry a dictionary, be it in a digital or paper format, whose contents also vary according to the needs of the learner. Despite its central role in the process of learning a foreign language, research regarding dictionary usage is still a relatively underdeveloped field and the lack of information regarding this subject has led to the creation of several myths and contradictory theories about the consequences of its use in the learning process. This dissertation aims to reflect upon the several possibilities regarding dictionary usage in a learning context, more specifically, in the context of Chinese speakers learning Portuguese as a Foreign Language, by presenting and critically discussing some theories about dictionary usage, as well as offering some suggestions about how it can be incorporated in the classroom in such a way that it can contribute to the development of both the linguistic and cultural proficiency of the students.
学习语言的学生在他们的高端教育的过程中,使用多样的资料以及工具书来帮助他 们学习。这些资料包括各种各样的教学资料。因为每个人的语言水平是不一样的,所以他 们使用的资料也是各不相同的。尽管现在有许多可选的资料,然而大部分的学生都不能缺 少词典。无论它是电子的还是纸质的,它的内容是随着学生的学习要求而变换的。虽然词 典在学习外国语的过程中起主要作用,但是关于使用词典的研究还是一个相对不太成熟的 领域。因为关于这个话题的信息很少,所以引起了一些关于在学习过程中使用词典的谣言, 而且这些谣言是相互矛盾的。 这篇论文论述的是在学习外国语的过程中词典使用的影响力,具体地说,是汉语母 语者学习葡萄牙语的情况。为此,这篇论文会批判地讨论以及提出一些关于使用词典的理 论,而且也会提供一些建议,为了在课堂中适当地使用词典并且培养学生们的语言和文化 知识。
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Books on the topic "Chinese lexicography"

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Exeter, University of, ed. Lexicography in China: Bibliography of dictionaries and related literature. Exeter: University of Exeter, 1986.

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Jing, Peng, ed. Chinese lexicography: A history from 1046 BC to AD 1911. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Chuxiang, Chen, ed. Shuang yu ci dian xue dao lun: Introduction to bilingual lexicography. 2nd ed. Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 2001.

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cent, Zhang Yi 5th, and Zhongguo xun gu xue yan jiu hui., eds. Guang ya shu zheng. Nanjing Shi: Jiangsu gu ji chu ban she, 2000.

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Yang Zuxi ci shu xue lun gao: Yang Zuxi cishuxue lungao. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she, 2011.

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"Guang ya shu zheng" yan jiu. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2009.

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Ci shu yu yu yan. [Wuhan shi]: Hubei ren min chu ban she, 1985.

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Shi ming hui jiao. Ji'nan: Qi Lu shu she, 2006.

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Mair, Victor H. The need for an alphabetically arranged general usage dictionary of Mandarin Chinese: A review article of some recent dictionaries and current lexicographical projects. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Order from Dept. of Oriental Studies, University of Pennsylvania/CU, 1986.

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1936-, Wang Ning, and Zou Xiaoli, eds. Gong ju shu. Xianggang: He ping tu shu you xian gong si, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chinese lexicography"

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Chien, David, and Thomas Creamer. "A Brief History of Chinese Bilingual Lexicography." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.40.05chi.

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Feng, Zhiwei. "Hybrid approaches for automatic segmentation and annotation of a Chinese text corpus." In Text Corpora and Multilingual Lexicography, 31–37. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.8.04fen.

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Zhang, Yinbing, Jihua Song, Weiming Peng, Dongdong Guo, and Tianbao Song. "Research on the Lexicography Based on the Corpus of International Chinese Teaching Materials." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 468–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73573-3_42.

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Li, Qian. "Cognitive Semantics and Its Application on Lexicography: A Case Study of Idioms with xīn in Modern Chinese Dictionary." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 834–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38189-9_83.

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"Chinese Lexicography Chinesische Lexikographie Lexicographie chinoise." In Wörterbücher / Dictionaries / Dictionnaires, Part 3, edited by Franz Josef Hausmann, Oskar Reichmann, Herbert Ernst Wiegand, and Ladislav Zgusta. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110124217.3.28.2595.

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Ming, Li. "Chinese Lexicography." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 362–65. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/04692-7.

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"56. Chinese lexicography." In Dictionaries. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography, 884–93. De Gruyter Mouton, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110238136.884.

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Yong, Heming, and Jing Peng. "Chinese lexicography in the Internet era." In The Routledge Handbook of Lexicography, 518–39. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315104942-33.

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Saarela, Mårten Söderblom. "Lexicography of the Entrenched Empire." In The Whole World in a Book, 218–35. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913199.003.0012.

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Lexicography in China under the rule of the Manchu Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was intimately tied up with empire. The Qing Empire was plurilingual; with the support of the Chinese elite, dominated by scholar-officials from the lower Yangtze region, the Manchu khans ruled as Confucian emperors, at the same time safeguarding a place for their own language in the polity. In this context, the bilingual elite undertook various lexicographical projects aspiring to greater integration of the empire’s main languages: Manchu and Chinese. Within this context, Mårten Söderblom Saarela addresses Banihûn’s and Pu-gong’s Qing-Han wenhai (Manchu–Chinese Literary Ocean), a reworking of an eighteenth-century poetic Chinese dictionary. He compares this bilingual project to an unfinished Chinese–French dictionary inspired by the same source. At a time of linguistic and social change in China, Banihûn and Pu-gong aspired to further integrate the empire’s two literary languages and thereby to provide a resource for lettered bannermen such as themselves and to maintain what they knew to be the fragile equilibrium of relations between these languages.
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Saarela, Mårten Söderblom. "The Chinese Periphery to c. 1800." In The Cambridge World History of Lexicography, 202–22. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316827437.011.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chinese lexicography"

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Shchitova, Olga G., and Aleksandr G. Shchitov. "The project of the Russian-Chinese thematic phraseological dictionary." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-89.

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The project of the educational Russian-Chinese thematic phraseological dictionary devoted to the description of the family is presented. Principles of compiling a dictionary, sources of dictionary material, thematic subgroups of phraseological units, and the structure of a dictionary entry are indicated. The dictionary is aimed at Russian and foreign students studying Russian and Chinese.
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Trofimova, Olga V., Yana P. Polukhina, and Jing Tong. "Archaisms and Historicisms in the Comprehensive Chinese-Russian Online Dictionary (大ВКRS)." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-87.

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The report contains a Brief overview of the online Dictionary 大 BKRS, the Statistics of the last three years on the Dynamics of the Development of this Resource are analyzed. It also raises the problem of translating outdated vocabulary into Chinese, which is relevant for Russianists and translators of Russian classical literature, describes the pros and cons of its presentation in the 大 BKRS Dictionary.
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Jinglei, Zhang. "The typology of interlingual phraseological correspondences as a basis for creating a Russian-Chinese dictionary of stable comparisons (the semantic field "Human condition")." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-88.

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The accumulated experience of lexicographic description of stable comparisons of the Russian language is an incentive for the creation of educational Russian- Chinese dictionaries. A condition for successful lexicographic work is a detailed comparative analysis of stable comparative units, based on the developed by Yu.P. Solodub typology of interlingual phraseological equivalents.
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Orlova, Olga V. "Vocabulary of the Russian-speaking diaspora in China in the XXI century: a lexicographic portrait." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-27.

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The article presents approaches to the lexicographical description of a specific part of the vocabulary of the contemporary Russian-speaking diaspora in China – poorly assimilated xenonyms-Chinese: xenonyms-realities and xenonyms-interpretatives. A linguocultural type of dictionary is substantiated, and a sample dictionary article is given.
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Yongda, Zhang, He Defeng, and Lu Liangye. "Stabilizing Lexicographic NMPC Without Terminal Constraints." In 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2018.8483124.

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He, Defeng, Liangye Lu, and Xiulan Song. "Lexicographic NMPC Algorithms with Changing Criteria Prioritization." In 2018 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2018.8407912.

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Li, Haiping, Defeng He, Yujia Gu, and Haiping Du. "An Improved Lexicographic MO-MPC Based on Linear Decomposition." In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8832697.

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