Academic literature on the topic 'Chinese industrial heritage'

With the rapid development of the transformation and urbanization of Chinese social structures, more and more industrial heritage renewal projects are emerging. However, there are significant policy risks associated with Chinese industrial heritage renewal projects. Through a literature review, a total of 20 policy risk factors were determined, and a total of 10 industrial heritage renewal project managers in six regions nationwide conducted a pilot study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect 398 evaluations of these 20 risk factors from relevant professionals. Secondly, through confirmatory factor analysis, a six-part policy risk assessment model was established. The results indicated that the critical variables that affect the policy risk level were: (1) industry maturity, (2) tax policy, (3) financial freedom, (4) the rule of law, (5) local market size, and (6) local market experience. Moreover, there are significant opportunities and policy risks in Chinese industrial heritage renewal projects, and appropriate strategies can capture these opportunities and mitigate risks. As there are few pieces of research on the policy risks of industrial heritage renewal projects in China, this study has a certain reference significance for the policy risk management of industrial heritage renewal projects in China.

Purpose With the dramatic transformation of China’s industrial landscape, since the late 1990s, adaptive reuse of industrial heritage for cultural purposes has become a widely occurring phenomenon in major Chinese cities. The existing literature mainly focusses on specific cases, yet sees heritage conservation similarly at both national and regional scale and rarely identifies the main factors behind the production of China’s industrial-heritage reuse. The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in heritage reuse outcomes among three Chinese mega-cities and explore the driving factors influencing the differences. Design/methodology/approach This paper compares selected industrial-heritage cultural precincts in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, and explores the local intervening factors influencing differences in their reuse patterns, including the history of industrial development, the availability of the nineteenth and/or twentieth century industrial buildings, the existence of cultural capital and the prevalence of supportive regional government policy. Findings The industrial-heritage reuse in the three cities is highly regional. In Beijing, the adaptation of industrial heritage has resulted from the activities of large-scale artist communities and the local government’s promotion of the city’s cultural influence; while in Shanghai, successful and more commercially oriented “sea culture” artists, private developers in creative industries and the “creative industry cluster” policy make important contributions. Chongqing in contrast, is still at the early stage of heritage conservation, as demonstrated by its adaptive reuse outcomes. Considering its less-developed local cultural economy, Chongqing needs to adopt a broader range of development strategies. Originality/value The paper contributes to knowledge by revealing that the production of industrial-heritage cultural precincts in Chinese mega-cities is influenced by regional level factors, including the types of industrial heritage, the spontaneous participation of artist communities and the encouragement of cultural policy.

Along with the increase in modern industry, original facilities and cultures have disappeared progressively, leading to the disappearance of traditional values. However, from the perspective of the stewardship of industrial heritage, preservation is vital for Western Europe, where the Industrial Revolution emerged firstly, and it has leading technology in terms of the advanced stewardship of industrial heritage protection. Meanwhile, there is a large market for industrial heritage growth in China, but its stewardship began later. Horizontal and vertical research into the stewardship of the industrial heritage of these two regions offers a review of the developed industrial regions and experiences for developing industrial regions in their future expansion. By analysing the values and dilemmas and the features of the legal, administrative, and fund guarantee systems, this paper summarizes the advanced expertise of the stewardship of industrial heritage in Western Europe and China and proposes strategies based on them.

Anyuan Coal Mine is an important part of Chinese modern coalmine industrial heritage. The thesis discusses the components and current situation of the heritage, elaborates its valuation, and studies its preservation strategy.

Concerning on the current vague definition of industrial design in China, this paper indicates that industrial design and engine design are compound concept. In the first place, it introduces the definition and theory of industrial design. Then, by analyzing design development and industry development relationship, it regards modern industrial design as a heritage and a production from the development of traditional handcraft design. Finally, it proposes that in order to regulate a modern design theory with Chinese characteristics. We must learn the advanced industrial design theory from the west. At the same time, we must fully excavate the essence of traditional Chinese handicraft culture. Also we should integrate Chinese traditional handicraft design theory into the west modern industrial design theory.

AbstractThe article explores the morphological evolution of China’s 20th-century architecture chronologically. Chinese Neoclassicism has played a major role in forming the 20th-century heritage buildings surviving today. The phenomenon of Neoclassicism emerged because of the late arrival of China’s modernisation and industrialisation process compared with the West. In turn, in accepting and contesting Western culture, the Chinese elite have consciously relied upon architecture as a vehicle to uphold visible symbols of national Chinese identity and traditional Chinese culture. Meanwhile, in the foreign settlements of the treaty ports such as Shanghai, the Western Neoclassical style, along with other imported construction trends, also forms part of China’s 20th-century architectural heritage. Western Neoclassicism’s influence on China’s new architecture became even more evident in the mid-20th century, with the modern architectural heritage in Tiananmen Square as its exemplar. Nevertheless, the impact of Western modernist architecture on China’s architecture was minimal. It was not until the 1980s, as China reopened to the world, that various schools of thought from the post-industrial West flowed into China, which significantly enriched the types and sources of China’s 20th-century architectural heritage. Modern Classicism, late Modernism and Postmodernism all found their way into China’s contemporary architecture.

With the progress of urbanization in China, the pace of urban renewal is accelerating. Various factors have prompted the transformation of industrial buildings in the city. Following the transformation, old industrial buildings have shown a new look with diversification and modernization. This article briefly describes contemporary China. The background of industrial building renovation and the analysis of the redevelopment and utilization modes as well as renovation strategies in conjunction with case studies provide a summary and enlightenment for the renovation of industrial heritage buildings in the city.

This paper first reviews the definition of protected areas under Chinese law, and it pays attention to problems of using four types of building materials in protected areas: traditional building materials produced by old craftsmanship, traditional components collected from the torn down old buildings, antique-style building materials made from industrial production and well-designed modern building materials with Chinese characteristics. By elaborating on the four different selections of building materials, it analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each selection.

In most Chinese villages, mountains and water are essential resources for human life, which residents have established close connections with through subsistence and production activities. These connections involve geographical, functional, and spiritual effects, which create the unique cultural identity of a place. As a kind of rural heritage, rural industrial heritage is a concrete result of the interaction between local activities and mountains and water, thus presenting specific local characteristics. The conservation and re-use of rural heritage have become an important issue in global rural studies. Different cases that have been transformed and re-used are analyzed in this paper, in order to explore the influence of mountains and water on their local characteristics, the effects on their conservation and re-use in both spiritual and functional aspects, and suitable regeneration patterns based on local characteristics. Comparative analysis of 3D maps, diagrams, and literature materials indicate that: (1) mountains and water dominate rural industrial heritage geographical characteristics, including their layout, size, and form; (2) the direct or indirect supports of mountains and water, in terms of functional and spiritual aspects, have changed after regeneration, where spiritual supports are becoming increasingly important; and (3) regeneration patterns with different focuses represent new habitats combining natural and artificial landscapes, indicating new relationships that shift from the single utilization of mountain and water resources in the past to symbiosis and mutual benefits between residents, heritage, nature, and local communities in the modern context.

Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-110).
China is a nation evolving through post-industrialization towards a cultural and innovation based society. In turn, its urban form is grappling with a number of preserved industrial heritage sites in major urban centers such as Beijing and Shanghai. The People's Republic of China has implemented policy through a culture-led approach in preservation and reuse, resulting in artist communities, museums, and creative offices. However, these sites have either become artifacts frozen in time or heavily commercialized tourist attractions that threaten to displace the creativity within. This thesis investigates alternative approaches to preservation and reuse of these sites, especially how to integrate 21st century productive uses as a means of urban regeneration. The spirit of industriousness can be preserved within these sites by allowing new productive activities to occur. There is potential to bring high-tech industries into these sites which can benefit from the existing creative environment while increasing longterm economic viability and promote innovation. Collaboration is needed between the government and private developers to control the development direction of the site while allowing flexibility for innovative solutions. Opportunities exist in industrial heritage sites in major Chinese cities today that can bring them back into the life of the city.
by Yifei Lu.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Real Estate Development

Shanghai est une ville unique qui a joué un rôle très important dans le mouvement d’urbanisation et d’industrialisation en Chine. Shanghai a toujours été à une intersection multiculturelle. Ses conditions géographiques, financières et de transport a favorisé une dynamique d’investissement et la modernisation industrielle. Dans le même temps, le développement de l'industrie a accéléré l’urbanisation de Shanghai. Dans ce processus, le patrimoine industriel de la ville a contribué à structuré les espaces en livrant des surfaces de revitalisation notamment le long d’une ligne qui longe la rivière Huangpu. Ces différents héritages (surfaces, usines, bâtiments…) ont joué un rôle clé dans l’activité industrielle de Shanghai et son urbanisation contemporaine. La protection et la réutilisation du patrimoine ont toujours été des sujets importants dans le développement urbain et font pleinement partie du renouveau de la ville. A ce titre Shanghai est certainement une ville archétype pour étudier certaines formes de patrimonialisation en Chine.Avec un déclin de certaines industries traditionnelles, les anciens bâtiments et les zones de friches industrielles deviennent une partie inévitable de l'ensemble du processus de re-planification urbaine. Le succès ou l'échec de ces réhabilitations dépend de l'environnement direct lié à l’urbanisme et des orientations du développement économique. Il ne fait aucun doute que le patrimoine « moderne » de Shanghai joue un rôle crucial dans le positionnement urbain de Shanghai. Le potentiel de conversion du patrimoine industriel s’avère d’une exceptionnelle qualité et son étude reste fondamentale quant à la compréhension d’une ville créative.Cette thèse part d’un cadre théorique combiné avec les tendances et le statut de la protection du patrimoine industriel en Chine. Les lois et règlements en vigueur à Shanghai concernant la protection du patrimoine industriel et des bâtiments industriels sont présentés. Les notions de « patrimoine industriel », de « patrimoine bâti industriel » et de « régénération urbaine » sont clairement définies. Le travail analyse six cas concrets de réhabilitation pour appréhender une stratégie d’extraction des valeurs patrimoniales. La protection du patrimoine industriel à Shanghai est évaluée du point de vue de la continuité, de l'intégrité et de l'authenticité. Enfin la thèse aborde les composantes et les modes de protection de la valeur technologique du patrimoine industriel. Il met en évidence la motivation pour combiner le patrimoine industriel et les industries culturelles et créatives au regard de la politique de la ville, du marché et des espaces. Tout cela agit sur le mécanisme de transformation de la valeur patrimoniale.Cette thèse a aussi pour objectif de présenter l'histoire du développement de ces entreprises créatives bien connues à Shanghai, d'analyser les facteurs contribuant à leur transformation. Bien qu'au sens strict du terme, ils n'appartiennent plus vraiment à la catégorie du « patrimoine industriel », ces nouveaux lieux feront-ils l’objet d’une seconde patrimonialisation ? Leur transformation et leur rénovation font également partie de l'histoire et devront être entièrement documentés. Si l'histoire humaine de la civilisation industrielle est un livre épais, la signification de cette étude est d'ajouter plus de contenu à ce livre pour les générations futures
Shanghai is a unique city that has played an important and surprising role in the development of modern Chinese cities and industries. Shanghai has always stood at a multicultural intersection. Its geographical, financial and transportation conditions provide a favorable environment for modern industrial development. At the same time, the development of modern industry accelerated the modernization of Shanghai's urban development. In this process, Shanghai's modern industrial heritage has formed a mix of lines and surfaces. Surfaces refer to the modern concession area dominated by the old public concession area. Lines refer to the industrial heritage belt running along Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek. This modern heritage played a key role in Shanghai’s transformation and its establishment as a modern industrial center. Shanghai is thus the most typical city for studying modern Chinese industrial sites.Heritage protection and reuse have always been important subjects in urban development and renewal. With the decline of past industrial zones, old industrial sites become an inevitable part of global urban re-planning. Success or failure depends on the urban environment and future economic development. This paper begins with theoretical research combined with industrial heritage protection trends in China and internationally, defines the research scope, and develops the overall research framework. Cases are selected based on historical research and Shanghai's industrial heritage protection and regeneration is examined through case studies. Heritage value and regeneration design strategy are then developed. Specific content includes:Firstly, theoretical research definitions of "industrial heritage", "industrial building heritage" and "urban regeneration" are presented. Shanghai’s historical industrial development is then reviewed and summarized.Secondly, Shanghai's representative industry is presented with its heritage protection and reuse cases. Based on historical research, six typical cases were selected from the different periods of Shanghai industrial development, the distribution characteristics of these industrial sites, and the reuse status.Thirdly, based on case analysis, Shanghai’s existing laws and regulations related industrial heritage and building protection are presented. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai is evaluated from the perspectives of continuity, integrity, and authenticity. Three aspects of Shanghai's industrial heritage are introduced: distribution, quantity, and style. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai and the mode and existing problems of regeneration are then summarized.Fourthly, the components and protection modes of industrial heritage are discussed. This highlights the motivation for combining industrial heritage and cultural and creative industries in terms of policy, markets, space, and culture. Then, from the "creative city" perspective, this thesis interprets the legal system and transformation mechanism of heritage value.Finally, the three main aspects of industrial regeneration design are discussed: global re-planning, building regeneration, and landscape reconstruction.This thesis presents the development of these well-known Shanghai industries to analyze the factors contributing to their transformation and to see if the transformation strategy is appropriate. Although, in the strict sense, they do not yet belong to the "industrial heritage" category, only becoming part of this heritage as time passes. Their transformation and renovation is also historic and should be fully documented. Which policies and measures are correct and which should be revised? This may well be repeatedly reviewed and judged in the future. Some theories in this paper may also need more time to assess and perfect. If the history of industrial civilization is a thick book, the significance of this study is to add more content for future generations

Tianjin s’est avérée un lieu de rencontres et d’échanges entre les Chinois et les étrangers pendant plus de 150 ans. Face au risque d’effondrement du pays, les pionniers chinois au tournant du XXe siècle ont lancé les premières tentatives de modernisation à Tianjin pour devenir autonomes en termes industriels et techniques et rétablir l’image de la Chine dans l’arène internationale. Aujourd’hui, confrontée à la crise de perte d’identité, la municipalité de Tianjin cherche activement à sauvegarder son patrimoine lié au passé et significatif pour le futur. À travers une étude sur l’électrification de Tianjin et sur la conservation de ses vestiges, cette thèse montre qu’il existe un point commun à ces deux actions à deux époques différentes : l’apprentissage de connaissances modernes auprès de l’Occident et leur appropriation en Chine qui donne la force à cet ancien pays pour rajeunir. Nous allons démontrer que l’électrification de Tianjin était un témoin important de l’autonomie acquise allant du contrôle absolu par les étrangers à la gestion réussie par les Chinois. La mondialisation au XIXe et XXe siècles nous offre un axe pour décrypter les actions des compagnies d’électricité étrangères pour pénétrer le marché chinois. Nous étudierons les conflits entre la technicité de l’électrification – extension du réseau – et le démembrement de la ville pendant la domination des entrepreneurs et administrateurs européens. Nous traiterons ensuite de l’intégration progressive et de la gestion systématique du réseau électrique sous le monopole étatique chinois après la fin de l’impérialisme en Chine
Tianjin has been such a place where Chinese and the foreigners met each other and exchanged frequently for over 150 years. Facing the risk of a dissembling country, the Chinese pioneers led the modernization at the dawn of the 20th century in order to achieve industrial et technical autonomy and to recover China’s image on the international arena. Today, confronted to the crisis of identity lost, the municipality of Tianjin strives to protect its own heritage, inherited from the past and is significant for the future. Based on a study of the history of electrification and of the conservation of the vestiges, this dissertation shows the common point between these two actions in two periods: to learn modern knowledge from the western world and apply it to China. This application gives China the full energy to rejuvenate. We are going to demonstrate that electrification was an important witness of the Chinese regain of autonomy in the technical perspective. They turned from staying under foreigners’ control to succeeding in its effective management. The globalization in the 19th and 20th centuries appears a path to decipher the actions taken by the foreign electric firms to penetrate the Chinese market. We will study the conflicts between the technical requirement of electricity, which is the network extension, and the separation of the electric service in the city under the domination of European administrators and entrepreneurs. We will further the integration of these separate networks and their systematic management under the state monopoly after imperialism ended in China. The urgent task of industrial brownfields conservation and their transformation into hubs for creative activities raise an issue for us to look into the effectiveness of the legal framework of heritage protection, which was introduced one century ago and has been improved all the time. Based on the politics of Tianjin for heritage, we will explore the possibilities and sound ways of enhancing the value of its old electric network

The Authorship of Place is the first monograph dedicated to the study of the politics, history, aesthetics, and practices of location shooting for Taiwanese, Mainland Chinese, and coproduced art cinemas shot in rural communities since the late 1970s. Lo argues that rural location shooting, beyond serving aesthetic and technical needs, constitutes practices of cultural survival in a region beset with disruptive social changes, including rapid urbanization, geopolitical shifts, and ecological crises. In response to these social changes, auteurs like Hou Xiaoxian, Jia Zhangke, Chen Kaige, and Li Xing transformed sites of film production into symbolically meaningful places of collective memories and aspirations. These production practices ultimately enabled auteurs to experiment with imagining communities in novel and contentious ways. Guiding readers on a cross-strait tour of prominent shooting locations for the New Chinese Cinemas, this book shows how auteurs sought out their disappearing cultural heritage by reenacting lived experiences of nation building, homecoming, and cultural salvage while shooting on-location. This was an especially daunting task when auteurs encountered the shooting locations as spaces of unresolved historical, social, and geopolitical contestations, tensions which were only intensified by the impact of filmmaking on rural communities. This book demonstrates how complex circumstances surrounding location shooting were pivotal in shaping representations of the rural on-screen, as well as the production communities, institutions, and industries off-screen. Bringing together cutting-edge perspectives in cultural geography and media anthropology, this work revises Chinese film history and theorizes ground-breaking approaches for investigating the cultural politics of film authorship and production.

Since the early 19^th century, Chinese languages pop cultures have been financed, produced, distributed, circulated and consumed among ethnic Chinese population in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. Illustrative of this highly integrated industrial structure is the Shaw Brothers, a pillar in this Chinese languages media industry. Shaw Brothers started business in Shanghai in the 1920s, moved its financial operation to Singapore in the 1950s, produced films in Hong Kong and distributed and exhibited them in its network of cinemas throughout Southeast Asia in the 1960s and now produces and distributes television dramas throughout the same network. This ethnic Chinese population arguing share more knowledge about Chinese languages pop culture than about Confucianism, especially among those below forty years old. The greater cultural China is thus more accurately represented as a Pop Culture China, a decentred, multi-lingual, multi-nodal relatively well integrated cultural economy that operates under the presumed ‘sameness’ of a ‘common’ Chinese cultural heritage, then being unified by some grand philosophical-civilizational tradition. Pop Culture China is made manifest daily through the entertainment pages of the mass media in the constitutive locations.