Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese History and criticism'
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1
Jianqiang, Li. "Chinese Popular Film Criticism." Journal of Popular Culture 27, no. 2 (September 1993): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1993.00039.x.
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Zhang, Jie, and Wenxin Lin. "Historical facts of literature and personality in research – about the compilation of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century”." Neophilology, no. 24 (2020): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-24-755-764.
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Russian literature is an important part of world literature and is studied all over the world. In comparison with the history of literature, the history of literary criticism is more an interaction between the objectivity of literary facts and the personality of the compiler of this history. This work presents a description of the personality in research using the example of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century” written by Chinese scientist Zhang Jie, the main task of which is to provide a theoretical basis and methods of criticism for analyzing the mechanism of reproducing the meanings of literary texts and images. We analyze the functions of literary criticism and explain the interaction and harmony of objective historical facts of literature and the compiler’s personality in the study. We define three currents of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the 20th century: religious and cultural criticism, real literary criticism, and aesthetic criticism. We prove that history reflects not only the objectivity of factors, but also its compiler’s personality, which is an indicator. We explain the need to coordinate the objectivity of historical facts and the subjectivity of the compiler, and we present a value-based reflection of a scientific linguistic personality in the Chinese ethnoculture.
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Hinsch, Bret. "Ten Chinese Books That Changed Our View of Women’s History." Nan Nü 20, no. 1 (February 14, 2018): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685268-00201p03.
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Scholars of Chinese women’s history in the West have often ignored the scholarship of their colleagues in China. For much of the twentieth century, Chinese academia was in chaos. With so little good research coming out of China, Western scholars became accustomed to ignoring the works of Chinese academics. Since the 1980s, however, Chinese scholarship has steadily improved, reaching international standards of quality. Chinese scholars remain highly influenced by their rich intellectual legacy. A post-Marxist mindset makes them extremely sensitive to the importance of social class. And the study of imperial philology has taught them the importance of textual criticism and close reading. This article discusses ten representative Chinese books covering different eras of women’s history, which exemplify the contributions that Chinese scholars are currently making to the field.
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Zhaotian, He. "Postsocialist history and the paradigmatic shifts in Chinese literary and cultural criticism." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 6, no. 1 (March 2005): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462394042000326941.
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Taneo, Melkisedek, Fransina Aprilyse Ndoen, and Stevridan Yantus Neolaka. "History of Arrival and Development of Chinese Ethnic in Kupang." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (October 20, 2019): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1072.
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In the results of this study discusses the history of ethnic Chinese entry, the development and impact of the presence of ethnic Chinese in Kupang. This study uses historical research methods with steps that include heuristics, criticism to select historical sources, interpretation or steps to interpret the data that has been tested, then connect the facts in the form of concepts arranged based on an analysis of historical sources that have been obtained, and the last is historiography or the compilation of research results in written form or research report in accordance with the theme or problem under study.
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Bell, Daniel A. "Human Rights and Social Criticism in Contemporary Chinese Political Theory." Political Theory 32, no. 3 (June 2004): 396–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591703254979.
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Huang, Kuan-yun. "XUNZI'S CRITICISM OF ZISI—NEW PERSPECTIVES." Early China 37 (July 24, 2014): 291–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eac.2014.3.
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AbstractThis study considers Xunzi's criticism of Zisi, Confucius' grandson, providing a detailed analysis of some of the most famous but also difficult passages in the Xunzi. By drawing on the newly excavated text, “Wuxing” (The five conducts), the study shows that not only did Xunzi have an intimate knowledge of Zisi's teachings, but in fact he had available to him a certain version of the “Wuxing.” This understanding makes it possible to evaluate Xunzi's role as a reporter of Zisi's teachings, and to the extent that Xunzi reported these teachings fairly and accurately, the study offers specific suggestions for reimagining a period that has been little understood in Early Chinese intellectual history, or the transition from Confucius to Mencius.
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Liboriussen, Bjarke, and Paul Martin. "Honour of Kings as Chinese popular heritage: Contesting authorized history in a mobile game." China Information 34, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x20908120.
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This article examines how users on social media responded to state criticism of the representation of Chinese historical characters in the popular Tencent mobile game Honour of Kings. The game’s usage of historical characters and the ensuing debate and criticism are analysed as ‘popular heritage’. A qualitative content analysis identifies several categories in the discussion of this game on the Q & A website Zhihu (知乎). The article discusses these categories in relation to existing literature on popular heritage. The analysis contributes to this literature by identifying a new feature of popular heritage, whereby the dissonance associated with popular heritage becomes in itself an enjoyable object of popular pleasure, deepening popular heritage’s capacity to generate critique of authorized heritage and exposing divisions within the power bloc. In light of these findings, we call for an approach to popular heritage that escapes a dichotomous people–elite schema in favour of a multi-actor approach.
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CHENG, FANGYI. "The Evolution of “Sinicisation”." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 31, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186320000681.
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AbstractThis paper traces the history and usage of the theory of Sinicisation in western and Chinese scholarship, and discusses the intellectual trends underlying the different discourses in which the theory has been adopted. Since early 20th Century, the theory of “Sinicisation” has evolved and was adopted into three distinct historiographical discourses to construct different arguments. The first discourse is about the historical acculturation of border peoples and assimilation of domestic peoples to Chinese language, culture and economic life; the second one argues an inherent superiority in Chinese culture specifically produced cultural change across eastern Eurasia to promote nationalism; the third discourse emphasizes the diversity and mixture of the people living inside historical and contemporary China to construct and stabilise the polity. Every discourse rooted in its own intellectual trend, and also faces different criticism. Followed with examining criticisms of Sinicisation since the 1950s, this paper concludes by discussing the relationships of the three discourses of Sinicisation.
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Lewin, Arie Y., Chi-Yue Chiu, Carl F. Fey, Sheen S. Levine, Gerald McDermott, Johan Peter Murmann, and Eric Tsang. "The Critique of Empirical Social Science: New Policies at Management and Organization Review." Management and Organization Review 12, no. 4 (December 2016): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2016.43.
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At the June 2016 meeting of the International Association for Chinese Management Research, MOR organized a symposium to discuss the mounting criticisms of empirical social science and subsequent changes, as part of ongoing discussions affecting journal reviewing policies. This article overviews the history of modern empirical social science as the foundation of management, organization, and strategy research and the criticism of social science research, which has reached the point that some critics refer to current publication norms as encouraging and enabling the publication of junk science. Most importantly, however, this article outlines MOR's strategy going forward and the new reviewing initiatives that MOR is implementing as of Volume 13 (2017).
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Zhenzhao, Nie, and S. А. Kaminskaya. "Ethical literary criticism: The main concept and the notion of didactics." Voprosy literatury, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2022-1-104-118.
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Ethical literary criticism is a method of criticism that explores the didactic function of literature from the ethical viewpoint, and seeks to analyse and interpret literature from this perspective. The theory of ethical literary criticism describes natural selection as a theoretical prerequisite and philosophical foundation of ‘ethical selection.’ Teaching is seen as a method of ethical selection, whereas literature — as an instrument of enlightenment of humans, where a didactic effect is achieved through moral examples, models and guidance. The authors believe that the method of ethical literary criticism will benefit not only from a history of its own development, but also a detailed description of the arguments voiced by its opponents. The article examines one of the key themes in the theory of ethical literary criticism — the ethical choice, its theoretical premises and examples found both in world literature and in the Chinese literary tradition.
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Rošker, Jana S. "Intercultural Methodology in Sinology: Transculturality, Textual Criticism and Discursive Translations." AUC PHILOLOGICA 2021, no. 3 (February 15, 2022): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2022.7.
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For Western researchers, the understanding of Chinese culture is conditioned by differences in language, tradition, history and socialization. The interpretation of various aspects and elements of different cultures is always connected to the geographic, political and economic positions of the interpreter as well as the object of interpretation. In Western research on China, the non-reflected use of theoretical analyses that are in themselves results of specific (Western) historical processes and the related structure of societies, often proves to be a dangerous and misleading mechanism. A fundamental premise of the present paper is that Western epistemology represents only one of many different models of human comprehension of reality. On this basis, it questions traditional intercultural methodologies hitherto applied in Sinology and Chinese studies. The article presents the main methodological paradigms of a transculturally aware research that could improve the understanding of general principles underlying the particular research questions and objects under investigation.
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Cao, Bo. "The Chinese Translation of Samuel Beckett: A Critical History." Irish University Review 51, no. 2 (November 2021): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2021.0519.
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In light of the relevant merits and defects of translation practice over sixty years, this article presents a critical history of the Chinese translation of the work of Samuel Beckett. The article argues that the history may be divided into two periods: the pre-1980 period and the post-1980 period, with China's reopening to the outside world in the late 1970s as the watershed. The first period is dominated by the politically propelled translation of Waiting for Godot and harsh criticism of Beckett as a ‘decadent’ author. The second period, characterized by a more complex aesthetic response, may be further divided into three stages: the first stage is marked by the pioneering Proust as a booklet on irrationalism and the debatable Collection of Samuel Beckett translated from French; the second stage by the annotated Complete Works of Samuel Beckett; the third stage by the scholastically motivated Letters of Samuel Beckett. In retrospect, the transition between the two periods is a dramatic one from political misreading to aesthetic appreciation. Or, rather, the progress of the Chinese translation since the turn of the twentieth century mirrors both the re-evaluation of Beckett as an innovative artist and the ‘inward turn’ of Chinese intellectual circles.
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Rogacz, Dawid. "The living past and self-made future: Li Dazhao’s metaphilosophy of history." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 53 (June 27, 2022): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.11.
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The paper offers a reconstruction and re-evalutation of the philosophy of history developed by Li Dazhao (1889–1927) – one of the first Chinese Communists. It is argued that despite its marginal treatment in scholarly literature, Li’s philosophy stands out from the thought of other Chinese Marxists for its creative interpretation of historical materialism and a critical engagement with Marx’s view of class struggle and the economic base. Furthermore, in his philosophy of history, Li Dazhao innovatively draws on the Confucian idea of Great Unity (datong), Daoist criticism of heroism, and, most importantly, the concept of ‘life’ in Lebensphilosophie. In addition, the article shows that Li’s view of the historical process was consistently complemented with an exceptional meta-philosophy of history and the philosophy of historiography which shared the premises of the much later narrativist epistemology of history.
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Liu, Jianmei. "Zhang Dongsun." Prism 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-9645942.
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Abstract This article contributes to the study of the cultural politics of Thirdspace in modern China, which exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese intellectual history, literature, and culture. Although the term the third space was coined by Homi K. Bhabha, the leading figure in postcolonial theoretical studies, as a new form of discourse to go beyond dualistic categories such as the colonizer/colonized opposition, it has much broader cultural meanings in the modern Chinese context. One of the prominent Chinese intellectuals, Zhang Dongsun, intentionally created a critical interface of Thirdspace through which to ensure a spirit of tolerance, independence of individuals, and freedom of criticism. The article investigates Zhang Dongsun's philosophical system, his political thought and commentary, and his cultural criticism in the Republic of China, discussing the motivations that compelled him to undertake the third route, as he attempted to transcend binary oppositions, which ultimately led to his downfall in the New China. The case of Zhang Dongsun, who exemplifies a group of liberal Chinese intellectuals, not only indicates the predicament of the discourse of Thirdspace in modern China but also adds new insights to our understanding of the divergent spiritual journeys that Chinese intellectuals have taken in response to the national crisis.
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Martínez, Julia. "‘Unwanted Scraps’ or ‘An Alert, Resolute, Resentful People’? Chinese Railroad Workers in French Congo." International Labor and Working-Class History 91 (2017): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000296.
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AbstractIn the late 1920s, the colonial government of French Equatorial Africa decided to employ Chinese workers to complete their railway line. The employment of Chinese indentured labor had already become the subject of considerable international criticism. The Chinese government was concerned that the French could not guarantee worker health and safety and denied their application. However, the recruitment went ahead with the help of the government of French Indochina. This article explores the nature of Chinese worker protest during their time in Africa and their struggle against French notions of what constituted appropriate treatment of so-called “coolie” labor.
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Zhang, Zhehui. "A Post-Colonial Approach to The Man Who Ended History: A Documentary." English Language and Literature Studies 10, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v10n2p53.
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The Man Who Ended History: A Documentary is a science fiction by Chinese American science fiction writer Ken Liu (1976-). Based on the theory of Post-Colonial Criticism, this paper makes a concrete analysis of the text from the perspectives of three eminent contemporary theorists, aiming at the readers’ better understanding of the work, and eliminating ethnocentrism, racism, unilateralism and hegemony; keeping history in mind and justifying the names of innocent humans who have been persecuted; safeguarding world peace, and building a community with a shared future for mankind.
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Ding, Guanghui, Jonathan Hale, and Steve Parnell. "Constructing a place for critical practice in China: the history and outlook of the journal Time + Architecture." Architectural Research Quarterly 17, no. 3-4 (December 2013): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135514000062.
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This paper investigates the history and programme of the Chinese architectural journal Time + Architecture (Shidai Jianzhu). As one of the newly established architectural periodicals in post-Mao China, the journal was launched in 1984 by academics Luo Xiaowei, Wang Shaozhou and their colleagues at the Department of Architecture in Tongji University, Shanghai. The journal's close association with academic institutions and commercial design firms shaped its dual nature; that is, both scholarly and professional. At the turn of the millennium, the journal's substantial reform of editorial policy redefined its character from a ‘presenter’ of received materials to a ‘producer’ of selected collaborative work, and enabled it to maintain editorial distinctiveness in the Chinese architectural publishing scene.This paper argues that Time + Architecture constructed a significant place for critical practice in contemporary China through the presentation of critical architecture and architectural criticism. Over the past few decades, the journal, under the editorship of Zhi Wenjun, published a number of special issues on the work of emerging independent architects such as Yung Ho Chang, Wang Shu, Liu Jiakun and others. The thematic topics, projects and criticisms presented by the journal exemplified an editorial agenda to publish innovative and exploratory work and demonstrated the editors' and contributors' collective endeavours to develop a critical discourse that confronted the dominant ideology of architecture.
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Andreas, Joel, and Yige Dong. "The Brief, Tumultuous History of “Big Democracy” in China’s Factories." Modern China 44, no. 5 (March 22, 2018): 455–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700418763834.
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This article compares two fateful experiments conducted during the Mao era in China that encouraged freewheeling criticism of Communist cadres: the 1957 Party Rectification campaign and the early upheavals of the Cultural Revolution (1966–1968). Through a content analysis of articles published in the Chinese Communist Party’s flagship newspaper, People’s Daily, we first show that the two movements shared characteristics that made them very similar to each other and remarkably different from all other mass campaigns carried out during the Mao era. We then analyze the differences between the two movements—and their consequences—by investigating how they unfolded in factories, based mainly on interviews with workers and party cadres. We argue that key elements of the strategy Mao pursued during the Cultural Revolution were developed in response to the unmitigated failure of the 1957 campaign and these elements fostered a movement more capable of compelling Communist cadres to face criticism from below. In comparing the two movements, we highlight the evolution of the term “big democracy,” which was uniquely associated with these two episodes, but was deployed very differently in 1966 than it was in 1957.
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Fujita, Taisuke, and Hiroki Kusano. "DENIAL OF HISTORY? YASUKUNI VISITS AS SIGNALING." Journal of East Asian Studies 20, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2020.2.
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AbstractUnder what conditions would Japanese leaders visit the controversial Yasukuni Shrine and why? Previous studies have focused primarily on the domestic benefits and effects of such visits, claiming that leaders employ visits to follow their own conservative ideology and gain domestic political support. Given the harsh international criticism that tends to ensue, however, political leaders should also consider the cost and international effects of such visits. This study proposes three necessary conditions for such visits: a conservative ruling party, a government enjoying high popularity, and Japan's perception of a Chinese threat. With regard to the latter, a security threat from China has allowed Japan to use these visits as a credible signal of its resolve against China. Comparative analyses of Japanese cabinets after the mid-1980s support this argument.
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Liu, Qi, Huagang Yang, and Yiwei Zhang. "Re-criticism of Geomantic Omen in Modern Design from the Perspective of Data Analysis." ITM Web of Conferences 25 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192503004.
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Geomantic omen is both strange and familiar to the contemporary people. It is not only a part of the traditional Chinese culture, but also contains the contradictions and disputes in Chinese long history of thought, practice and theory. This article is based on the context of modern design, discuss the reason of the Geomantic omen cannot be the key factors of modern design from three perspectives, including research trend, discipline development, practice creation. Through the summary of data, typical cases, and geomantic theory, it is believed that modern geomantic research should be based on rational evaluation and theoretical research. Except that, geomancy can be study not only by using modern science and technology, but also through transcending the ideological level. Finally, the idea of the future development of geomantic is set up for the re-thinking and re-exploration of the contemporary research.
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Dalché, Patrick Gautier. "Maps, Travel and Exploration in the Middle Ages: Some Reflections about Anachronism." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 12 (December 30, 2015): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.8813.
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Abstract: How were maps conceived in the Middle Ages? Using the words “map”, “travel” and “exploration”, historians must be wary of anachronism. Medieval maps, like ours maps, are always materialized thought-objects and are thus interpretations of the world, inevitably variable and subject to criticism; in this respect, “modernity” has neither invented nor changed anything. The article addresses some anachronisms about the role of mappae mundi in mental journeys, their function in maritime travels and their role during the great “discoveries”; it claims that no other pre-modern civilization, except perhaps the Chinese, was ever so imbued<br />with cartographic culture.
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Yui, Wei. "Chinese Women’s Art." Культура и искусство, no. 5 (May 2022): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2022.5.38062.
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The article discusses the origin and evolution of women's visual art in China. The development of this artistic direction was due to the radical social transformations since the beginning of the Open Door Policy in 1978. Analysis of the art by Li Hong, Cui Xiuwen, Feng Jiali, Yuan Yaomin and others reveals main features of the evolution of women's creativity in China. The search and acquisition of female identity, the destruction of psychological barriers imposed by traditional ideas and stereotypes about a woman, her physicality, beauty, etc., the study of gender differences, the reflection of female subjectivity, the assertion of a new status for women in modern society - all this makes the content of Chinese women's art. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article studies the works of quite reputable Chinese artists who were not presented earlier in Russian art history science. This article is intended to contribute to the study of the processes of emancipation of the consciousness of the Chinese and raising the status of women artists in society. Reflections on personal experience, social problems and historical destinies determine the specifics of the artistic language of women's works. In view of the active feminist movements of our time, increasing attention to the inner world of women and criticism of patriarchal foundations, addressing this topic seems very relevant today.
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Lim 林宗台, Jongtae. "Joseph Needham in Korea, and Korea’s Position in the History of East Asian Science." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 14, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8539397.
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Abstract As they were in other East Asian countries, Joseph Needham and his monumental works were warmly received by Korean historians of science in the late twentieth century. Korean historians appreciated both Needham’s pioneering research on the history of Chinese science and his praise of Korea’s contribution to East Asian scientific tradition, as expressed, for example, in the addenda to volume 3 of Science and Civilisation in China. But the Koreans’ praise of Needham was not unqualified. Needham’s largely favorable remarks on Korean science invited criticism from several prominent Korean historians who noted many factual errors, particularly relating to Korea’s priority over China in several technological inventions. They regarded those errors as indicative of Needham’s deep-rooted historiographical bias, his view of Korea as a mere tributary of China’s scientific tradition. But the Koreans’ criticism of Needham ironically shows that they agreed with the central tenets of Needham’s methodology of crediting scientific achievements to different civilizations, whereby to measure China’s contribution to what Needham termed “universal modern science.” The Koreans only scaled down the scope of comparison from the world of civilizations to a smaller region called East Asia, whereby to compare Korea’s share with that of China. This article thus takes the Korean criticism of Needham as an illuminating case, which invites us to think over a less explored issue in the history of East Asian science: how to write a balanced history of science in a region that is characterized by a stark disparity in power, resources, and achievements between China and its smaller neighbors.
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Ge, Liangyan. "The Mythic Stone inHonglou mengand an Intertext of Ming-Qing Fiction Criticism." Journal of Asian Studies 61, no. 1 (February 2002): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700189.
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Until very recently, much of the literary scholarship on the eighteenth-century Chinese novelHonglou meng(The Story of the StoneorDream of the Red Chamber) was centered on what was seen as the autobiographical nature of the work. Critics of the novel, especially those in China, tended to focus their attention on the life of the author, Cao Xueqin (d. 1763), believing the interpretation of the novel to be—to a large extent—hinged on a successful reconstruction of Cao Xueqin's familial relationships, especially with those members of the Cao clan such as Red Inkstone (Zhiyanzhai) who were the original audience of his manuscript. Yet, any literary work—even a truly autobiographical one—arises from its tradition. Its meaning will be better understood and its aesthetic values better appreciated when we consider it in relation to other works in that tradition. For our interpretation ofHonglou meng, what is more pertinent is therefore not the author's personal ties tohisrelatives but the ties of the novel toits“relatives,” works that formed the literary context for its creation.
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Esselstrom, Erik. "Red Guards and Salarymen: The Chinese Cultural Revolution and Comic Satire in 1960s Japan." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 4 (November 2015): 953–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815001096.
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This article explores how Japanese comic artists represented the early years of the Chinese Cultural Revolution in popular print culture, especially lowbrow comic magazines. It posits that Japanese cartoonists in their role as both purveyors of everyday humor and keenly observant social commentators employed the imagery and rhetoric of the Red Guard movement to critique the conservative social and economic order of Japanese corporate culture during the late 1960s era of high-speed growth; moreover, it contends that there was a surprisingly receptive audience for such criticism among the rank-and-file “salarymen” of the urban Japanese middle class. Finally, the precisely informed humor found in these comics also suggests that their target audience possessed detailed familiarity with contemporary events on the continent and interpreted those events through a deeply embedded cultural framework of ambivalence concerning modern Chinese society.
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Starr, Chloë. "C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature. By C. T. Hsia. [New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 544 pp. £26.50. ISBN 0-231-12990-4.]." China Quarterly 179 (September 2004): 825–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004300603.
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First impressions matter when buying a book; they are less important when chasing up a reference in a library or following a reading list to a book shop. C.T. Hsia on Chinese Literature is a serious tome which looks like a biography – a bust portrait of the octogenarian author smiles out of a stark black and white dust jacket, and the playful title leaves ambiguous whether it is C. T. Hsia or his thoughts we are buying. One of the delights of reputation and seniority is the publication of a lifetime's collected essays. This produces a gift to the reader which takes its rightful place as a history of criticism as well as literary criticism, gathering 16 essays published between 1962 (in The China Quarterly) and 1990, a volume for celebration. As undergraduates of modern Chinese literature, we used to groan when C. T. Hsia appeared on reading lists, as much because the works containing the essays were dog-eared, smelly old volumes, as for their polemicism. Publication in a smart, single volume presents easy access and allows the essays to be contemplated for their merit and range. Since C. T. Hsia has been considered, as Patrick Hanan writes, “without question the most influential critic of Chinese fiction since the 1960s,” his essays remain important reading matter.
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Liu, Miaowen, and Natalia Z. Koltsova. "Perception of works of V. Shklovsky in China." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-3-462-476.
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The article is devoted to studying the long-term dissemination and perception of Viktor Shklovsky's works and ideas in China from the 1930s to 2010s, while providing a brief overview of the scientific articles of Chinese Russianists, who played a key role in studying the heritage of Shklovsky conceptual apparatus in Chinese literary criticism. Particular attention is paid to the category of estrangement, firmly included in Chinese literary studies and widely used in the analysis of works of Chinese literature and cinema, have been considered such concepts of Russian formalism as literary character, reception, since the early 80s of the 20th century adopted by the science of China. The article emphasizes that the history of the perception of the theoretical views of V. Shklovsky in China includes several stages, while a true study of his works, like Russian formalism in general, begins only in the 1980s of the 20th century. The artworks of Shklovsky in China began to pay attention only to the XXI century.
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Schoenhals, Michael. "Yang Xianzhen's Critique of the Great Leap Forward." Modern Asian Studies 26, no. 3 (July 1992): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009926.
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Kang Sheng—a veteran counter-intelligence official and close political ally of Mao Zedong's—is said to have remarked in the winter of 1959 that among the critics of the Great Leap Forward (GLF) there was ‘One soldier’ and ‘One civilian’ whose criticisms were ‘in close harmony’. The soldier was Peng Dehuai, China's Minister of Defence, who had clashed with Mao at the Lushan Conference that summer, and whose criticism of the GLF had subsequently been denounced by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Central Committee as an ‘attempt at splitting the Party´ and ‘a ferocious assault on the Party Center and Comrade Mao Zedong's leadership’. The civilian was Yang Xianzhen, the President of the Central Party School, who had aroused Kang's wrath by condemning the GLF as hopelessly Utopian, and by claiming that it already had brought on starvation and might yet bring about the collapse of the CCP.
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Kelly, David. "Approaching Chinese Freedom: A Study in Absolute and Relative Values." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 42, no. 2 (June 2013): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261304200206.
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The rise of stability preservation to dominance in the political order coincided with a highly charged debate over “universal values” and a closely related discussion of a “China Model”. This paper analyses the critique of universal values as a “wedge issue” that is used to pre-empt criticism of the party-state by appealing to nationalism and cultural essentialism. Taking freedom as a case in point of a universal value, it shows that, while more developed in the West, freedom has an authentic Chinese history with key watersheds in the late Qing reception of popular sovereignty and the ending of the Maoist era. The work of Wang Ruoshui, Qin Hui and Xu Jilin display some of the resources liberals now bring to “de-wedging” universal values, not least freedom. They share a refusal to regard “Western” values as essentially hostile to Chinese.
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Iliukhov, A. A. "<i>New Qing History</i> School: The Manchu Turn in American Historiography." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, no. 10 (December 1, 2022): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-10-156-166.
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The article gives a detailed overview of modern trends in the American Manchu studies. Special attention is given to the New Qing History historiographic school, which during the 1980s and 1990s criticized the Sinicization theory on entirely new levels of theorizing during the 1980s and the 1990s. Despite existing differences in views, the experts share common approaches to the Qing studies: importance of the Manchu sources, comparison of the Qing dynasty with the other Early Modern empires of Eurasia, refusal to identify the Manchu regime with China and considering China only as one of the parts of the Empire, close attention to the identities issue in the Qing empire. This article analyzes the ideas of such prominent American experts in Manchu studies as Pamela Kyle Crossley and Mark C. Elliott, as well as some concepts of their teachers and predecessors. The central position of the New Qing History school is a statement of the importance of the Manchu factor in the functioning of the Qing state. The article also gives the critical response of supporters of the Sinicization theory to the theses prevailing among the American scholars. They express doubts about the dichotomy claimed by the New Qing History scholars between Manchu and Chinese identities. In their opinion, the process of sinicization includes not only Chinese but also other minor forms of identities, so the Manchus could preserve their own identity but still think of themselves as part of the Chinese civilization. Such criticism undoubtedly has common points with the modern Chinese political concept of the «Chinese family of the united nations». The author believes both approaches should be taken into consideration when researching Manchu and Chinese sources as part of the Qing studies.
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Chen Wen. "Wartime creative work of M. A. Sholokhov in the history of Chinese criticism and journalism during 1941-1945." Science and School, no. 3 (2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/1819-463x-2022-3-41-48.
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Fuehrer, Bernhard. "The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. Edited by Victor Mair. [New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. 1,342+xxiv pp. $75.00; £52.50. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.]." China Quarterly 178 (June 2004): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004390296.
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Following his Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature (1994) and the Shorter Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature (2000), the Columbia History of Chinese Literature intends to complement these two widely used readers. Edited by Victor H. Mair, the 55 chapters of this single-volume history of Chinese literature are chronologically arranged with thematic chapters interspersed. Indeed, a closer look at the chapters reveals that the book at hand follows the traditional dictum of wen shi zhe bu fenjia, i.e. that literature, history and philosophy should not be separated but regarded as one field of studies. Hence the scope of this history goes far beyond the scope of what is traditionally subsumed under the heading of literature. In addition to the topics (all genres and periods of poetry, prose, fiction, and drama) that one expects in a book of this sort, wit and humour, proverbs and rhetoric, historical and philosophical writings, classical exegesis, literary theory and criticism, traditional fiction commentary, as well as popular culture, the impact of religion upon literature, the role of women, and the relationship with non-Chinese languages and peoples (ethnic minorities, Korea, Japan, Vietnam) feature as topics of individual chapters.Most of the chapters are written by leading specialists in those areas and are highly informative as well as concisely presented. Moreover, a number of chapters are thought-provoking enough to inspire questions that may lead towards a more focused research on hitherto neglected or less well-documented topics. In this sense, The Columbia History of Chinese Literature may also be perceived as a potential major impetus for further developments in the study of pre-modern and modern Chinese literature and related fields. Since the volume aims at bringing the riches of China's literary tradition into focus for a general readership, the majority of chapters can probably be best described as outlines of specific developments that should encourage readers to consult more specialized publications.
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Cao, Jing. "Introduction to “A Conversation between Chinese Artists and Mexican Painter David Alfaro Siqueiros”." ARTMargins 9, no. 1 (February 2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00256.
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In October 1956, the Mexican muralist David Siqueiros traveled Beijing and engaged in two dialogues with artists from the Chinese Artists’ Association. His visit came at an inflection point in China’s foreign and cultural policy. As Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, China used cultural diplomacy to cultivate relationships with unaligned countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. China’s cultural policy mirrored this shift by relaxing its adherence to Soviet-style Socialist Realism and promoting new stylistic practices, including a revival of ink painting techniques. This policy shift re-animated a debate among Chinese artists over the best mode of representation for socialist art, with one side arguing that Soviet-style Socialist Realism was the only acceptable style, and the other advocating for the reform of Chinese ink painting techniques. Within this context, Siqueiros’s criticism of Soviet artists and his advice to follow Chinese stylistic traditions set off a rich discussion on new approaches to Socialist Realism within China.
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Xiangsheng, Feng. "A Conversation between Chinese Artists and Mexican Painter David Alfaro Siqueiros." ARTMargins 9, no. 1 (February 2020): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00257.
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In October 1956, the Mexican muralist David Siqueiros traveled Beijing and engaged in two dialogues with artists from the Chinese Artists’ Association. His visit came at an inflection point in China’s foreign and cultural policy. As Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, China used cultural diplomacy to cultivate relationships with unaligned countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. China’s cultural policy mirrored this shift by relaxing its adherence to Soviet-style Socialist Realism and promoting new stylistic practices, including a revival of ink painting techniques. This policy shift re-animated a debate among Chinese artists over the best mode of representation for socialist art, with one side arguing that Soviet-style Socialist Realism was the only acceptable style, and the other advocating for the reform of Chinese ink painting techniques. Within this context, Siqueiros’s criticism of Soviet artists and his advice to follow Chinese stylistic traditions set off a rich discussion on new approaches to Socialist Realism within China.
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Gao, Xiang. "‘Be a real man for our motherland’: Masculinity and national security in Chinese Korean War films." Film, Fashion & Consumption 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ffc_00043_1.
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There has been increasing societal discussion and criticism on the ‘lack of masculinity’ among Chinese young men. In response, the Chinese Ministry of Education in 2021 advised schools to ‘foster the students’ masculinity’. The Chinese National Radio and Television Administration also set strict rules for casting and choosing performing styles, custom and makeup in order to eliminate the ‘abnormal aesthetic’ and the ‘male feminization’ in Chinese television, film and advertisement. At the same time, various war films and television shows present characters and circumstances that highlight an ‘ideal’ masculine archetypes as well as the quality of a Chinese male character – patriotism, heroism, selflessness, strength, loyalty and intelligence. This article examines and compares the male images in two Chinese Korean War films, Shangganling and Changjinhu. It analyses the changing portrayal of male war characters based on three levels of analysis, namely nationhood, leadership and individuals. This study argues that the ‘masculinity crisis’ has led to the securitization of Chinese masculinity, a process and outcome driven by the Chinese government’s continued efforts to control and channel the broad social and cultural changes which have impacted popular culture, sexuality, gender and women’s rights and roles across Chinese society over the past several decades.
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Zhang, Qiong. "From "Dragonology" to Meteorology: Aristotelian Natural Philosophy and the Beginning of the Decline of the Dragon in China." Early Science and Medicine 14, no. 1-3 (2009): 340–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338209x425614.
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AbstractThe cult of the dragon in China, which expressed itself not only in the ritual sacrifices to the dragon kings during drought and floods but also in the rationalization of the dragon's power to make rain by many serious thinkers from diverse intellectual persuasions, was first subjected to sustained criticism during the early modern era as part of an "enlightenment" drive against popular cults and "superstitions" led by some of the Jesuit-inspired Chinese scholars. This paper examines how these critics drew on Aristotelian conceptions of nature and meteorological theories introduced by the Jesuit missionaries to attack the core ideas of the traditional dragon lore and their underlying cosmology. It argues that the de-animated and rigidly stratified view of nature articulated by this small but clearly discernable group of Chinese critics can be seen as marking the beginning of the decline of the dragon, the allegedly semi-divine aquatic animal which swims, walks, flies, and makes rain.
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Ying, Fuk-Tsang. "The Christian Discourses of “Chao Zhengzhi” (Supra-Politics) in the Early PRC: A Religio-Political Reappraisal." Religions 13, no. 7 (July 13, 2022): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13070642.
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In the context of the Chinese churches, religio-political relations or interaction is an unavoidable but widely controversial issue. On the one hand, the political control of religion can be regarded as the dominant model of the relationship between state and church in Chinese society. On the other hand, different religions and even diverse traditions within religious bodies have developed divided attitudes and stances on how to deal with their relationships with state and politics. The year 1949 was an important watershed in the contemporary history of China. The new regime carried out a comprehensive remolding and reformation of all sectors of Chinese society, and the religious sphere was not spared. “Supra-politics” (“chao zhengzhi”) was one of the charges that often appeared in the communists’ criticism and reform movement against Christianity after the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This article aims to address the following questions: (1) What does “supra-politics” mean? What is the political context of the emergence of this discourse? (2) Why and how did the Communist Party of China (CPC) use the discourse of “supra-politics” to criticize Christian churches? (3) What are the different understandings and interpretations of the “supra-politics” discourse among churches in China? This article offers a review of the controversy and discourse of the “supra-political” position of Christianity, which may contribute to the critical investigation of the religio-political relations of the early PRC.
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Xinmai, L. "Translations, research and reception of Solzhenitsyn’s works in China." Voprosy literatury 1, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2020-1-246-257.
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In the centre of this research is the problem of translation, study and reception of Solzhenitsyn’s works in the People’s Republic of China. A Chinese scholar of Slavic languages and literature, the author points out that Solzhenitsyn studies in China would be understandably interrupted for political reasons only to be resumed later, due to the growing interest in the writer’s works. Starting from 1963, there have been two distinct lines of study: Solzhenitsyn’s biography and his literary legacy. The first topic mainly attracts Chinese writers, historians, cultural scholars, philosophers, and professional critics; they present the readers with biographical facts in the context of the history of Soviet labour camps, dissident movement, etc. The second topic has specialists in Russian studies and foreign literature exploring the eternal topics in Solzhenitsyn’s works as well as his innovative techniques. According to the author, contemporary Chinese literary criticism is concerned with the latter area of research, while reception of Solzhenitsyn’s works is changing from negative to positive.
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Bender, Lucas Rambo. "Against the Monist Model of Tang Poetics." T’oung Pao 107, no. 5-6 (December 9, 2021): 633–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10705004.
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Abstract In recent decades, a significant amount of Western scholarship on traditional Chinese poetry and poetics has either proposed or assumed a vision of the art underwritten by the supposed “monism,” “nonduality,” and “immanence” of traditional Chinese worldviews. This essay argues that although these were important ideas in certain periods and contexts, they cannot be taken as unproblematically defining the world of thought in which poetry operated during the Tang dynasty. Instead, Tang writers more routinely drew in their discussions of art upon the epistemological tensions and discontinuities posited by medieval intellectual and religious traditions. For this reason, they often outlined models of poetry very different from those most common in contemporary criticism.
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Sung, Marina H. "T'an-Tz'u andT'an-Tz'u nArratives." T'oung Pao 79, no. 1 (1993): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853293x00017.
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AbstractThis study represents a first attempt to draw attention to the existence of two distinct genres within the corpus of texts commonly labelled t'an-tz'u. It is a call for detailed research into the largely overlooked genre of t'an-tz'u narrative. Evidence has been given that formidable confusion concerning these works in verse and prose clouds even present-day scholarship and literary criticism. Clear distinctions exist between the development of t'an-tz'u scripts as they have come down to us within the art of Chinese storytelling, and the narratives by known authors whose conscious embrace of t'an-tz'u form imbued literary works having much in common with Chinese novels with a Dickensian mass-appeal.
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Gao, Yongwei. "Whither Chinese–English lexicography? – From a historical perspective." Lexicography 8, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20869.
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2020 marked the 200th anniversary of the publication of the second part of Robert Morrison’s A Dictionary of the Chinese Language which has been widely recognized as the first Chinese–English (hereinafter abbreviated to C–E) dictionary and signaled the beginning of C–E lexicography. From the late Qing Dynasty to the present, literally several hundred C–E dictionaries, small or large, have been compiled, though the number of noteworthy ones is rather limited. Nevertheless, research into C–E lexicography has gradually developed into a distinct field of study as witnessed by thousands of academic papers and over a dozen books devoted to its research. A search of (Chinese–English dictionary) as the keyword in CNKI, a database of journal articles, theses, and dissertations written in the Chinese language, came up with 8,365 results. Most of the discussions center round topics such as dictionary criticism, history of dictionary-making, theoretical construction, and case studies. The history of bilingual lexicography in China, for instance, was under-researched in the past as a result of the lack of original copies of early dictionaries, which, however, has been improved thanks to the reprinting and wide availability of such dictionaries since the beginning of the 21st century. Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911 (Heming Yong et al., 2008), for instance, devoted only a few pages to the earliest history of C–E lexicography which spans more than 70 years. But now dozens of academic papers and even several books (e.g. Yang, 2012; Gao, 2014) have been written about the early bilingual dictionary-makers and their lexicographical works, presenting a clear picture of the evolution of C–E lexicography. Today more than two decades into the 21st century, the C–E lexicography scene is not as crowded as its English–Chinese counterpart as there are only a few major players. The paper aims to present a brief history of C–E lexicography with a focus on lexicographical tradition and creativity, elaborate on the deficiencies or problems found within the major C–E dictionaries, and finally discuss the future directions of C–E lexicography.
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Khubrikov, B. O. "Politics of History in China: Constructing the Past, Imaging the Future." Journal of International Analytics 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-3-145-156.
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The article discusses the dynamics and prospects for the development of the historical politics of the PRC at the present stage. The present study attempts to identify two key components of the PRC’s historical politics that define the framework for remembrance in China. The reference points of the study are Chinese interpretations of what should be forgotten or reformatted, as well as the Chinese leadership’s policy of imagining the future. The article is based on the “Resolution on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century” adopted by the 6th Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee, collections of Xi Jinping’s public speeches. In theoretical terms, it relies on the studies of historical politics by A. Assman, A.I. Miller, E. Wolfrum, O.Yu. Malinova. The study demonstrated how the CCP becomes the only mnemonic actor writing its own history. In the first part of the article, forms of “forgetfulness” are considered, behind which there are very different methods, actions and strategies. The second part analyzes the narrative of building the future, expressed in the concepts of “Xiaokang (moderately prosperous society)” and “accelerated promotion of socialist modernization” circulating in Chinese documents as the goal of “two centuries”. In the course of the study, we found that it is in the interests of the CCP, led by Xi Jinping, to present the history of the PRC teleologically, in which the events of the past anticipate the victorious march of the CCP in the history of China. It is for this reason that the main instruments of the historical policy of the PRC are various techniques of oblivion: rewriting, erasing, silence. However, in parallel with the historical policy aimed at the past, the Chinese leadership is also working on images of an imaginary future. Thus, the main goal of China’s historical policy at the present stage is the construction of a single, monolithic, homogeneous story about the past, present and future of the PRC, in which there is no place for discrepancies, criticism and historical nihilism.
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Wang, Hongguang, and Guoping Du. "Chinese Research on Mathematical Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics." Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2022.10.2.243-266.
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This paper outlines the Chinese research on mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. Firstly, it presents the introduction and spread of mathematical logic in China, especially the teaching and translation of mathematical logic initiated by Bertrand Russell’s lectures in the country. Secondly, it outlines the Chinese research on mathematical logic after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The research in this period experienced a short revival under the criticism of the Soviet Union, explorations under the heavy influence of the Cultural Revolution, and the vigorous development of mathematical logic teaching and research after the period of “Reform and Opening Up” that started in the late 1970s, and the full integration of Chinese mathematical logic research into the international academic circle in the new century after 2000. In the third part, it focuses on the unique and original results of the Chinese mathematical logic research teams from the following three aspects: medium logic, lattice implication algebras and their lattice-valued systems of logic, and Chinese notation of logical constants, which can be used as a substantive supplement to the relevant literature on the history of mathematical logic in China. The last part is a reflection on the shortcomings of contemporary Chinese research on mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics.
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Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N. "Human Rights and the Lessons of History." Current History 100, no. 647 (September 1, 2001): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2001.100.647.263.
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When attempting to bring pressure on Beijing, the United States should stop using vague universal standards or comparisons with the contemporary United States. Washington's criticisms of the Chinese Communist Party should instead build on Beijing's own claims about history and politics.
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Ma, Xiaolu. "“The Orient” versus Dongfang." Prism 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 430–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-8690436.
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Abstract Since Edward Said published his seminal study on Orientalism, the notion of the Orient has been heavily discussed and hotly debated in both the Eastern and Western worlds. While early studies of Orientalism mainly underline Western fantasies of an exotic East as the West's “other,” Chinese scholars have also been inspired to reconceptualize the notion of the Orient in recent decades. By examining the formation of the notion of dongfang 東方 (the Orient) through journal publications, academic disciplinary construction, and the writing of oriental history, this article observes how the Chinese world of letters identified China with the Orient when China attempted to accommodate itself to a Eurocentric historical narrative in the 1920s. The article further investigates how the Chinese achieved a strategic alliance with Soviet Russia in the 1950s to confront the Western cultural centers of Europe and the United States and how Chinese academia repositioned itself in response to the adoption of Western criticism on Orientalism in the 1980s. This article also traces the institutionalization of oriental literature studies in modern China under the influence of both Soviet Russian and Western European academia to investigate how reimagining the Orient has enabled Chinese scholars to reorient Chinese literature within the genealogy of world literature. This article thus aims to shed light on the Chinese reconfiguration of Chinese cultural identity in an ongoing negotiation between East and West.
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Vinogrodskaya, Veronika. "Chinese Classical Textual Studies in the 20th and 21st Centuries." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 5 (2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120016768-5.
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The article offers a brief outline of the history of "classical Chinese textual studies" (Zhongguo gudian wenxianxue), analyzes its content and structure, as well as its place and prospects in modern China. Classical Chinese textual studies emerged as a distinct modern academic discipline based on an ancient domestic tradition and under the influence of Western textual criticism of the 19th century. Since the 1920s, over the last hundred years, it has undergone several ups and downs but steadily continues to maintain continuity with a vast philological knowledge of imperial China, as well as to appropriate new approaches from Western humanities. The most developed areas of wenxianxue are the editing and publication of ancient texts, theoretical research in the foundations of textual studies, the creation and further exploration of subdisciplines, the analysis of research methods, and interdisciplinary perspectives, the study of the history of wenxianxue as well as various specialized problems. Overall, Chinese classical textual studies gravitate toward striving for comprehensiveness, interdisciplinary approaches, and practical issues. Currently, there is still a certain lack of innovation in exploring new areas, insufficient rigor and depth in theoretical research, the uneven development of individual areas of research and their somewhat regional character, nevertheless, textual studies manage to combine extensive practical work on "ordering ancient books" (guji zhengli) with a comprehensive study on the vast and immense Chinese textual culture.
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Yeh, Chiou-Ling. "Anti-American Expressions: The 1957 Taipei Incident and Chinese in the Philippines, Thailand, and Hong Kong." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 28, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 325–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-28040002.
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Abstract Although scholars have investigated the intricacies of anti-Americanism, few have examined the factors that affected the abilities of minorities or colonized people to protest U.S. policies. This article compares and contrasts the responses of Chinese in the Philippines, Thailand, and Hong Kong to the May 24th Incident of 1957, when 25,000 Chinese attacked the U.S. embassy and ransacked the U.S. Information Service Office in Taipei, Taiwan, due to the acquittal of a U.S. soldier for killing a Chinese. While U.S. military and economic aid motivated recipients to rally behind the anti-Communist banner, geopolitics, domestic conditions, and anti-Chinese racism also played pivotal roles in determining whether the Chinese could voice or act upon their anti-American sentiment. The Philippines’ heavy dependence on U.S. military and economic aid, coupled with long-lasting anti-Chinese racism, limited the potential for Philippine Chinese to critique U.S. policies. By contrast, tenuous U.S.-Thai relations and domestic anti-Americanism emboldened Thai Chinese to lambaste U.S. military injustice. Although the largest U.S. aid recipient, Britain adhered to neutrality in its Cold War politics and permitted a vibrant cultural industry in Hong Kong, resulting in strong criticism of U.S. policies among the city’s Chinese.
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Qiu, Zhenjing. "On the Philosophical Discussion Inside and Outside "Wen Xin Diao Long"." International Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v4i3.1827.
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In order to test whether the so-called dualistic isomorphism philosophy of explicit and implicit and its transmutation law established by "General Theory of Chinese and Western Literature and Art" is effective, this paper examines the brewing process and its principle composition of the book, and finds that its research path is based on Chinese and Western, not limited to The Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties in terms of time are the history of aesthetic thought, and the space is not limited to the East. The aesthetic system we try to create is not limited to the academic theoretical interpretation of "The Hidden Show" and "Wen Xin Diao Long”, that is, around the integration of all things. The relationship between light and dark is unfolded, and its aesthetics and understanding of Tao are not limited to literary theory, but extend and connect reality to the meaning that does not exist and has not yet appeared, and is contained in the hidden meaning. The presentation of light and movement, connecting the origin, attaching great importance to the essence of poetry, avoiding only seeking truth in the presence, so criticism is a one-sided pursuit, focusing on presence, plain, material interests first; "Wen Xin Diao Long" is applicable both inside and outside; I hope that the literary and art theoretical circles will pay more attention and criticism.
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Shuhua, Zhang, Guo Jing, and Gaoyan Qiuyu. "Development of a National School of Political Science in China." World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 11 (2020): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-11-84-95.
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Under the conditions of China’s steadily growing role in world politics, the task of moving from assimilation and criticism of Western theoretical discourse to creation and development of national political science schools is becoming more and more urgent. The article gives a brief review of the Chinese political science history, outlines the main achievements and tasks of the current stage in the process of formation of political science with Chinese characteristics. The article disputes the thesis of the universal nature of Western political science, critically evaluates some Western political theories: democracy, constitutional government, civil society; an attempt is made to show their shortcomings and limitations of their application. The main focus of the article is on clarifying the Chinese theory of democracy, which enriches and develops Marxist democratic theory, based on a generalization of the history of China’s democratic practice and an analysis of modern democratic politics led by the CCP. Another important area of interest of the Chinese political science school – the empirical studies of the political development of China – is also covered. The features of the Chinese parliamentary system, the system of political parties where the Communist Party plays the leading role, are described. An attempt is made to depict the relationship between the party leadership and the legislative branch in China. It justifies the need for the formation of government bodies from top to bottom on the basis of the Chinese consultative democracy principles, which to a certain extent oppose the “elective democracy” concept. Particular attention is paid to rural self-government bodies and difficulties in their formation, which have recently caused a hightened interest among Chinese researchers. The final part of the article outlines the most important tasks of Chinese political science for the near future.