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Journal articles on the topic 'Chinese Hamster Ovary cells'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Kaiden, Adina, and Sharon S. Krag. "Dolichol metabolism in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o92-060.

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The addition of oligosaccharide to asparagine residues of soluble and membrane-associated proteins in eukaryotic cells involves a polyisoprenoid lipid carrier, dolichol. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, the major isomer of this polyisoprenol has 19 isoprenyl units, the terminal one being saturated. Our laboratory has developed a procedure to analyze the levels and nature of the cell's dolichyl derivatives. Chinese hamster ovary cells contain predominately activated, anionic dolichol derivatives, such as oligosaccharyl pyrophosphoryldolichol, monoglycosylated phosphoryldolichols, and dolichyl phosphate. Our studies show that in growing cells there is continual synthesis of total dolichol. Also, preliminary data suggest there is no catabolism or secretion of this lipid. The level of dolichyl phosphate did not change significantly under a variety of conditions where the levels of enzyme activities utilizing dolichyl phosphate did change. These results suggested that these enzymes had access to the same pool of dolichyl phosphate and had similar Km values for this lipid.Key words: dolichol, dolichyl phosphate, metabolism, Chinese hamster ovary cells.

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2

Mahajan, Aditya D., Aislinn R. Daniels, Yim J. Rodriguez, and Maria-Teresa Herd. "Ultrasound characterization of Chinese hamster ovary cells." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 3 (September 2012): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4755333.

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3

Baycin-Hizal, Deniz, David L. Tabb, Raghothama Chaerkady, Lily Chen, Nathan E. Lewis, Harish Nagarajan, Vishaldeep Sarkaria, et al. "Proteomic Analysis of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." Journal of Proteome Research 11, no. 11 (October 5, 2012): 5265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr300476w.

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4

Lin, M. F., C. L. Wu, and T. C. Wang. "Pesticide clastogenicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 188, no. 3 (July 1987): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(87)90095-4.

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5

Luskey, K. L. "Conservation of promoter sequence but not complex intron splicing pattern in human and hamster genes for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 5 (May 1987): 1881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.5.1881.

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Regulation of the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is a critical step in controlling cholesterol synthesis. Previous studies in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells have shown that HMG-CoA reductase is transcribed from a cholesterol-regulated promoter to yield a heterogeneous collection of mRNAs with 5' untranslated regions of 68 to 670 nucleotides in length. Synthesis of these molecules is initiated at multiple sites, and multiple donor sites are used to excise an intron in the 5' untranslated region. In the current paper, I report that human HMG-CoA reductase gene resembles the Chinese hamster gene in having multiple sites of transcription initiation that are subject to suppression by cholesterol. The human gene differs from the hamster gene in that a single donor splice site is used to excise the intron in the 5' untranslated region. All of the resulting RNAs have short 5' untranslated regions of 68 to 100 nucleotides. This difference in the splicing pattern of the first intron is species specific and not a peculiarity of cultured cells in that HMG-CoA reductase mRNAs from Syrian hamster livers resemble those of the cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. Comparison of the DNA sequences of the HMG-CoA reductase promoters from three different species--humans, Syrian hamsters, and Chinese hamsters--shows a highly conserved region of 179 nucleotides that extends from 220 to 42 nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation sites. This region is 88% identical between the human and Chinese hamster promoter. When fused to the coding region of the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, this highly conserved region of the reductase gene directs the cholesterol-regulated expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in transfected hamster cells, further indicating the interspecies conservation of the regulatory elements.

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6

Luskey, K. L. "Conservation of promoter sequence but not complex intron splicing pattern in human and hamster genes for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 5 (May 1987): 1881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.5.1881-1893.1987.

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Regulation of the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is a critical step in controlling cholesterol synthesis. Previous studies in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells have shown that HMG-CoA reductase is transcribed from a cholesterol-regulated promoter to yield a heterogeneous collection of mRNAs with 5' untranslated regions of 68 to 670 nucleotides in length. Synthesis of these molecules is initiated at multiple sites, and multiple donor sites are used to excise an intron in the 5' untranslated region. In the current paper, I report that human HMG-CoA reductase gene resembles the Chinese hamster gene in having multiple sites of transcription initiation that are subject to suppression by cholesterol. The human gene differs from the hamster gene in that a single donor splice site is used to excise the intron in the 5' untranslated region. All of the resulting RNAs have short 5' untranslated regions of 68 to 100 nucleotides. This difference in the splicing pattern of the first intron is species specific and not a peculiarity of cultured cells in that HMG-CoA reductase mRNAs from Syrian hamster livers resemble those of the cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. Comparison of the DNA sequences of the HMG-CoA reductase promoters from three different species--humans, Syrian hamsters, and Chinese hamsters--shows a highly conserved region of 179 nucleotides that extends from 220 to 42 nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation sites. This region is 88% identical between the human and Chinese hamster promoter. When fused to the coding region of the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, this highly conserved region of the reductase gene directs the cholesterol-regulated expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in transfected hamster cells, further indicating the interspecies conservation of the regulatory elements.

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7

Choi, Min-Ho, Hyun-Myoung Cha, Sun-Mi Kim, Yong-Soo Choi, and Dong-Il Kim. "Effects of Silkworm Gland Hydrolysate on Albumin-erythropoietin Production in Transgenic Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." KSBB Journal 28, no. 2 (April 27, 2013): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2013.28.2.86.

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8

Chiang, T. R., and L. McConlogue. "Amplification and expression of heterologous ornithine decarboxylase in Chinese hamster cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 2 (February 1988): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.2.764.

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We have developed an amplifiable mammalian expression vector based on the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). We show greater than 700-fold amplification of this vector in ODC-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. A passive coamplified marker, dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), was amplified and overexpressed 1,000-fold. This ODC vector was a dominant marker in a variety of cell types and displayed at least 300-fold amplification in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells.

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9

Chiang, T. R., and L. McConlogue. "Amplification and expression of heterologous ornithine decarboxylase in Chinese hamster cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 2 (February 1988): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.2.764-769.1988.

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We have developed an amplifiable mammalian expression vector based on the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). We show greater than 700-fold amplification of this vector in ODC-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. A passive coamplified marker, dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), was amplified and overexpressed 1,000-fold. This ODC vector was a dominant marker in a variety of cell types and displayed at least 300-fold amplification in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells.

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10

Yang, Ganglong, Yingwei Hu, Shisheng Sun, Chuanzi Ouyang, Weiming Yang, Qiong Wang, Michael Betenbaugh, and Hui Zhang. "Comprehensive Glycoproteomic Analysis of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 24 (November 20, 2018): 14294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03520.

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11

Kantardjieff, Anne, Peter Morin Nissom, Song Hui Chuah, Faraaz Yusufi, Nitya M. Jacob, Bhanu Chandra Mulukutla, Miranda Yap, and Wei-Shou Hu. "Developing genomic platforms for Chinese hamster ovary cells." Biotechnology Advances 27, no. 6 (November 2009): 1028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.05.023.

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12

Abdalah, Rany, Ling Wei, Kevin Francis, and Shan Ping Yu. "Valinomycin-induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Neuroscience Letters 405, no. 1-2 (September 2006): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.055.

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13

Jenssen, J., and T. Syversen. "Cytotoxicity of Vanadate on Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 14, no. 3 (March 1987): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298701400308.

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The cytotoxicity of vanadate was tested in CHO-cells using uptake of neutral red (NR) and the MIT test as indicators. Cells were exposed to 1–500μM monovanadate for 2–72 hours. Cells exposed to 100μM monovanadate caused a 50% reduction in MIT activity measured after 30 hours, while a similar reduction in NR uptake was observed after 16 hours exposure to the same vanadate concentration. Monovanadate also caused a reduction in amount of cellular protein; a 50% reduction was observed after 24 hours exposure to 100μM monovanadate.

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14

Holahan, Patricia K., Rosemary S. L. Wong, Louise L. Thompson, and William C. Dewey. "Hyperthermic Radiosensitization of Thermotolerant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." Radiation Research 107, no. 3 (September 1986): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3576837.

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15

Bonner, Mary Kate, Daniel S. Poole, Tao Xu, Ali Sarkeshik, John R. Yates, and Ahna R. Skop. "Mitotic Spindle Proteomics in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." PLoS ONE 6, no. 5 (May 27, 2011): e20489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020489.

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16

Libbus, Bisharah L., Linda S. Borman, Cassandra H. Ventrone, and Richard F. Branda. "Nutritional folate-deficiency in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 46, no. 2 (June 1990): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4608(90)90108-m.

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17

van der Valk, P., J. J. P. Gille, L. H. W. van der Plas, J. F. Jongkind, A. Verkerk, A. W. T. Konings, and H. Joenje. "Characterization of oxygen-tolerant Chinese hamster ovary cells." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 4, no. 6 (January 1988): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(88)90086-x.

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18

Donini, Roberto, Stuart M. Haslam, and Cleo Kontoravdi. "Glycoengineering Chinese hamster ovary cells: a short history." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 915–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200840.

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Biotherapeutic glycoproteins have revolutionised the field of pharmaceuticals, with new discoveries and continuous improvements underpinning the rapid growth of this industry. N-glycosylation is a critical quality attribute of biotherapeutic glycoproteins that influences the efficacy, half-life and immunogenicity of these drugs. This review will focus on the advances and future directions of remodelling N-glycosylation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which are the workhorse of recombinant biotherapeutic production, with particular emphasis on antibody products, using strategies such as cell line and protein backbone engineering.

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19

Zhu, Si-Jia, D. Roselyn Cerutis, Jodi L. Anderson, and Myron L. Toews. "Regulation of hamster α1B-adrenoceptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells." European Journal of Pharmacology 299, no. 1-3 (March 1996): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(95)00838-1.

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20

Elliott, E. M., H. Okayama, F. Sarangi, G. Henderson, and V. Ling. "Differential expression of three alpha-tubulin genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 1 (January 1985): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.1.236.

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Chinese hamster ovary cells contain a complex family of ca. 16 unique alpha-tubulin sequences and a similar multiplicity of beta sequences. To examine which members of this multigene family are expressed, we constructed cDNA libraries from two Chinese hamster ovary cell lines according to the method of H. Okayama and P. Berg (Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:280-289, 1983). Each library consisted of 5.5 X 10(5) transformants and contained a high percentage of full-length tubulin clones. Three different alpha-tubulin genes were identified by sequence analysis of the 3' noncoding regions of these tubulin clones. The relative abundance of the transcripts corresponding to the three genes was estimated by gene-specific dot blotting of 96 cDNA alpha-tubulin clones and was found to be 71, 24, and 5%. There is little homology in the 3' noncoding sequences of these genes; however, a strong interspecies homology exists in this region for two of the Chinese hamster ovary genes with the two alpha-tubulin genes previously described in other systems. The third Chinese hamster ovary gene, with an expression frequency of 24%, is unique in that its 3' noncoding region is unlike that of the other mammalian alpha-tubulin genes. In addition, limited sequence data from the coding region of this gene indicates it codes for a unique alpha-tubulin protein.

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21

Elliott, E. M., H. Okayama, F. Sarangi, G. Henderson, and V. Ling. "Differential expression of three alpha-tubulin genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 1 (January 1985): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.1.236-241.1985.

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Chinese hamster ovary cells contain a complex family of ca. 16 unique alpha-tubulin sequences and a similar multiplicity of beta sequences. To examine which members of this multigene family are expressed, we constructed cDNA libraries from two Chinese hamster ovary cell lines according to the method of H. Okayama and P. Berg (Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:280-289, 1983). Each library consisted of 5.5 X 10(5) transformants and contained a high percentage of full-length tubulin clones. Three different alpha-tubulin genes were identified by sequence analysis of the 3' noncoding regions of these tubulin clones. The relative abundance of the transcripts corresponding to the three genes was estimated by gene-specific dot blotting of 96 cDNA alpha-tubulin clones and was found to be 71, 24, and 5%. There is little homology in the 3' noncoding sequences of these genes; however, a strong interspecies homology exists in this region for two of the Chinese hamster ovary genes with the two alpha-tubulin genes previously described in other systems. The third Chinese hamster ovary gene, with an expression frequency of 24%, is unique in that its 3' noncoding region is unlike that of the other mammalian alpha-tubulin genes. In addition, limited sequence data from the coding region of this gene indicates it codes for a unique alpha-tubulin protein.

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22

Farber, J. M., J. I. Speirs, R. Pontefract, and D. E. Conner. "Characteristics of nonpathogenic strains of Listeria monocytogenes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-109.

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Five strains of nonpathogenic Listeria monocytogenes were characterized for (i) hemolysin production, (ii) cytolysis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and (iii) ability to attach and enter intestine 407 cells. Four of the five strains produced variable hemolysis and were weakly cytolytic for Chinese hamster ovary cells, whereas the other isolate was consistently hemolytic and strongly cytolytic for CHO cells. None of the strains was able to penetrate intestine 407 cells. In addition, two of the five strains were found to be nonmotile. Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, nonpathogenic, attachment, motility, hemolysis.

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23

Ferris, A. L., J. C. Brown, R. D. Park, and B. Storrie. "Chinese hamster ovary cell lysosomes rapidly exchange contents." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 2703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.6.2703.

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We have used cell fusion to address the question of whether macromolecules are rapidly exchanged between lysosomes. Donor cell lysosomes were labeled by the long-term internalization of the fluid-phase pinocytic markers, invertase (sucrase), Lucifer Yellow, FITC-conjugated dextran, or Texas red-conjugated dextran. Recipient cells contained lysosomes swollen by long-term internalization of dilute sucrose or marked by an overnight FITC-dextran uptake. Cells were incubated for 1 or 2 h in marker-free media before cell fusion to clear any marker from an endosomal compartment. Recipient cells were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus as a fusogen. Donor and recipient cells were co-cultured for 1 or 2 h and then fused by a brief exposure to pH 5. In all cases, extensive exchange of content between donor and recipient cell lysosomes was observed at 37 degrees C. Incubation of cell syncytia at 17 degrees C blocked lysosome/lysosome exchange, although a "priming" process(es) appeared to occur at 17 degrees C. The kinetics of lysosome/lysosome exchange in fusions between cells containing invertase-positive lysosomes and sucrose-positive lysosomes indicated that lysosome/lysosome exchange was as rapid, if not more rapid, than endosome/lysosome exchange. These experiments suggest that in vivo the lysosome is a rapidly intermixing organellar compartment.

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24

Nixdorf, Ralf, Jerg Schmidt, Axel Karger, and Thomas C. Mettenleiter. "Infection of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells by Pseudorabies Virus." Journal of Virology 73, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 8019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.10.8019-8026.1999.

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ABSTRACT Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have recently been used for identification of receptors for several alphaherpesviruses, including pseudorabies virus (PrV) (R. J. Geraghty, C. Krummenacher, G. H. Cohen, R. J. Eisenberg, and P. G. Spear, Science 280:1618–1620, 1998). The experiments were based on the fact that CHO cells are inefficient target cells for PrV. However, a detailed analysis of the interaction between PrV and CHO wild-type and recombinant PrV-receptor bearing cells has not been performed. We show here that PrV has a growth defect on CHO cells which leads to a ca. 100-fold reduction in plating efficiency, strongly delayed penetration kinetics, and a 104-fold reduction in one-step growth. Entry of PrV into CHO cells is significantly delayed but is not affected by inhibitors of endocytosis, suggesting that the mechanism of penetration resembles that on permissive cells. The defects in plating efficiency and penetration could be corrected by expression of herpesvirus entry mediators B (HveB), HveC, or HveD, with HveC being the most effective. However, the defects in one-step growth and plaque formation were not corrected by expression of PrV receptors, indicating an additional restriction in viral replication after entry. Surprisingly, PrV infection of CHO cells was sensitive to neutralization by a gB-specific monoclonal antibody, which does not inhibit PrV infection of other host cells. Moreover, the same monoclonal antibody neutralized PrV infectivity on cells displaying the interference phenomenon by overexpression of gD and subsequent intracellular sequestration of gD receptors. Thus, absence of gD receptors on two different host cells leads to an increased sensitivity of PrV toward gB neutralization. We hypothesize that this is due to the increased requirement for interaction of gB with a cellular surface protein in the absence of the gD-gD receptor interaction. As expected, CHO cells are as susceptible as other host cells to infection by PrV gD− Pass, an infectious gD-negative PrV mutant. However, PrV gD− Pass was also not able to form plaques on CHO cells.

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25

Bradfute, D. L., C. J. Silva, and R. D. Simoni. "Squalene synthase-deficient mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, no. 26 (September 1992): 18308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36961-3.

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26

Vernhes, M. C., P. A. Cabanes, and J. Teissie. "Chinese hamster ovary cells sensitivity to localized electrical stresses." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 48, no. 1 (February 1999): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0302-4598(98)00239-6.

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27

Burg, Monika, and Johannes Müthing. "Characterization of cytosolic sialidase from Chinese hamster ovary cells." Carbohydrate Research 330, no. 3 (February 2001): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00294-9.

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28

Müthing, Johannes, and Monika Burg. "Characterization of cytosolic sialidase from Chinese hamster ovary cells." Carbohydrate Research 330, no. 3 (February 2001): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00295-0.

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29

Martys, Jayme L., Christina Wjasow, Dawn M. Gangi, Margaret C. Kielian, Timothy E. McGraw, and Jonathan M. Backer. "Wortmannin-sensitive Trafficking Pathways in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, no. 18 (May 3, 1996): 10953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.18.10953.

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30

KAWASAKI, Kiyoshi, Osamu KUGE, Yoshio YAMAKAWA, and Masahiro NISHIJIMA. "Purification of phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase from Chinese hamster ovary cells." Biochemical Journal 354, no. 1 (February 15, 2001): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3540009.

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31

KAWASAKI, Kiyoshi, Osamu KUGE, Yoshio YAMAKAWA, and Masahiro NISHIJIMA. "Purification of phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase from Chinese hamster ovary cells." Biochemical Journal 354, no. 1 (February 8, 2001): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3540009.

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Phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) synthase catalyses the committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in mammalian cells. Recently we isolated a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) PGS1 cDNA encoding PGP synthase. In the present study we purified this PGP synthase to near-homogeneity from the mitochondrial fraction of CHO-K1 cells; the final enzyme preparation gave a single 60kDa protein on SDS/PAGE. Polyclonal antibodies raised against a recombinant CHO PGS1 protein cross-reacted with the purified 60kDa protein and with CHO membrane proteins of 60kDa and 62kDa that increased after transfection with the PGS1 cDNA. The 60 and 62kDa protein levels in a PGP synthase-defective mutant of CHO-K1 cells were markedly lower than those in CHO-K1 cells. These results indicated that the purified 60kDa protein was PGP synthase encoded by the PGS1 gene. In addition we found that the purified PGP synthase had no PGP phosphatase activity, indicating that phosphatidylglycerol was produced from CDP-diacylglycerol through two steps catalysed by distinct enzymes, PGP synthase and PGP phosphatase.

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32

Klanert, G., F. Daniel, M. Weinguny, P. Eisenhut, E. Bühler, M. Melcher, S. Titus, et al. "Identifying new engineering targets in Chinese hamster ovary cells." New Biotechnology 44 (October 2018): S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.1122.

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33

Pennington, S. L., and J. H. Wilson. "Gene targeting in Chinese hamster ovary cells is conservative." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88, no. 21 (November 1, 1991): 9498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.21.9498.

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34

Skryma, R., N. Prevarskaya, P. Vacher, and B. Dufy. "Voltage-dependent ionic conductances in Chinese hamster ovary cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 267, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): C544—C553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.2.c544.

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Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are becoming a widely used biological material. A number of studies report membrane ion conductance changes after transfection of channels and receptors, but there are few data available on the properties of membrane ion conductances of CHO cells before transfection. In this work we studied voltage-dependent ionic conductances in cultures of CHO native (CHO-K1) cells. Three types of voltage-dependent ionic conductances were identified: 1) a K+ conductance showing sensitivity to Ca2+ and a unit conductance of approximately 210 pS in symmetrical 150 mM K+ outside-out patches (this conductance, which did not inactivate during a 160-ms pulse, was inhibited by 30 nM charybdotoxin but not by 30 mM extracellular tetraethylammonium); 2) a rapidly activating and inactivating tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive inward current, peaking at about -10 to 0 mV (this current showed characteristics similar in many respects to Na+ current recorded in neurons); and 3) another voltage-dependent inward current, which had slow inactivation, was TTX insensitive but was blocked by Co2+ (current was also carried by Ba2+, peaked at approximately 0 to +10 mV, was identified as a Ca2+ conductance, and was inhibited by dihydropyridines but not by 10 microM omega-conotoxin). Cell-attached patch recordings of single Ca2+ channel currents demonstrated a unitary conductance of approximately 20 pS.

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35

Goswami, J., A. J. Sinskey, H. Steller, G. N. Stephanopoulos, and D. I. C. Wang. "Apoptosis in batch cultures of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 62, no. 6 (March 20, 1999): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990320)62:6<632::aid-bit2>3.0.co;2-i.

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36

Coorssen, J. R., H. Schmitt, and W. Almers. "Ca2+ triggers massive exocytosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells." EMBO Journal 15, no. 15 (August 1996): 3787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00752.x.

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37

Byers, Timothy L., and Anthony E. Pegg. "Regulation of polyamine transport in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Journal of Cellular Physiology 143, no. 3 (June 1990): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041430309.

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38

Yong, Yu-Le, Cheng-Gong Liao, Ding Wei, Zhi-Nan Chen, and Huijie Bian. "CD147 overexpression promotes tumorigenicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Cell Biology International 40, no. 4 (February 1, 2016): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbin.10571.

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39

Katoh, Takahiro, Megumu Higaki, Takeshi Honda, and Toshio Miwatani. "Cytotonic effect ofClostridium difficileenterotoxin on Chinese hamster ovary cells." FEMS Microbiology Letters 34, no. 2 (April 1986): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01412.x.

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40

Schwartz, Jeffrey L., B. A. Sedita, Nicholas Laffely, and David J. Grdina. "Chromosome terminal deletion formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 311, no. 1 (November 1994): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(94)90080-9.

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41

Winters, Roger, Richard Matthews, Nuran Ercal, and Kalpana Krishnan. "Glutamine protects Chinese hamster ovary cells from radiation killing." Life Sciences 55, no. 9 (January 1994): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(94)00679-2.

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Satoh, Mitsuo, Shinji Hosoi, and Seiji Sato. "Chinese hamster ovary cells continuously secrete a cysteine endopeptidase." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology 26, no. 11 (November 1990): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02624447.

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McCormick, F. "Expression of interferon genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells." Cell Transplantation 4, no. 6 (November 12, 1995): IV—V. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-6897(96)85232-8.

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Orgambide, G., C. Blangero, and J. Teissié. "Electrofusion of Chinese hamster ovary cells after ethanol incubation." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 820, no. 1 (October 1985): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(85)90215-9.

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Ma, Xiaonan, Ling Zhang, Luming Zhang, Chenglong Wang, Xiaorui Guo, Yu Yang, Lin Wang, Xiangru Li, and Ningning Ma. "Validation and identification of reference genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells for Fc-fusion protein production." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 8 (March 26, 2020): 690–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220914058.

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Abstract:

Chinese hamster ovary cells are the predominant cell lines used for bio-therapeutic production. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and transcriptomics are powerful tools to understand and optimize the Chinese hamster ovary cells for higher productivity or better control of product qualities. Reliable reference genes, which were proved to be experiment-specific, are critical yardsticks. In this study, we compared expression stability of 20 candidate reference genes at mRNA level, including commonly used housekeeping genes, previous literature reported genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells producing an intact antibody, and new candidates suggested by our RNA-seq transcriptomic database, in RT-qPCR reactions in Fc-fusion protein-producing Chinese hamster ovary cells with various productivity during long-term cultivation and fed-batch cultures at 26 different conditions. geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt programs and methods were utilized to analyze the gene expression stability and gave an overall ranking. Akr1a1, Gpx1, and Aprt in long-term cultivation and Akr1a1, Rps16 in fed-batch culture, which have not been reported previously, exhibited the highest stability of gene expression, while Pabpn1, Hirip3, and Actb in both sets of experiments together with Atp5f1 in long-term passage process showed the weakest stability. The results were then validated using GLP1-Fc (Glucagon-like peptide-1 Fc fusion protein) gene as the target with determined expression level which were doubly confirmed by both absolute RT-qPCR and confocal microscopy. These new references should be considered for the investigations on Chinese hamster ovary cells in related research. Impact statement In order to reveal potential genotype-phenotype relationship, RT-qPCR reactions are frequently applied which require validated and reliable reference genes. With the investigation on long-term passage and fed-batch cultivation of CHO cells producing an Fc-fusion protein, four new reference genes–Akr1a1, Gpx1, Aprt, and Rps16, were identified from 20 candidates with the aid of geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt programs and methods. This article provided more verified options in reference gene selection in related research on CHO cells.

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Dinda, Maria, Carol Quirt, William Mackillop, and Michael Singer. "Freeze fracturing properties of native and heat-adapted Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o89-075.

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Chinese hamster ovary cells were either maintained at 37 °C (native cells) or heat adapted by exposure to a temperature of 40 °C for 2 h. Thereafter, native and heat-adapted cells were incubated at different temperatures for various times, harvested, fixed with glutaraldehyde and glycerol, and studied by freeze fracture microscopy. We observed that the fracture plane either passed through the cell, exposing cytoplasm, or stayed within the plasma membrane, and that the location of the fracture plane was strongly determined by the previous thermal history of the cell. We believe that these differences reflect changes in membrane lipid packing arrangements.Key words: freeze fracture, heat adaptation, Chinese hamster ovary cells.

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Bunning, V. K., R. G. Crawford, G. N. Stelma Jr., L. O. Kaylor, and C. H. Johnson. "Melanogenesis in murine B16 cells exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila cytotoxic enterotoxin." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-149.

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Specific markers (growth, melanogenesis) of B16 murine melanoma cells in culture were used as indicators of toxin production by Aeromonas hydrophila. Cytotonic enterotoxinlike activity (inhibited growth, raised tyrosinase activity, and melanin accumulation) occurred at cytotoxic end points of purified β-hemolysin and several culture filtrates. Antihemolysin rabbit serum inhibited this activity. A hemolysin-neutralized culture filtrate concentrate (10×) failed to elevate tyrosinase relative to untreated and cholera toxin treated controls. Similar dilution profiles using Chinese hamster ovary cells showed limited cell extension only at cytotoxic end points with antihemolysin inhibiting this activity. Cytotoxicity of Chinese hamster ovary cells and B16 cells was proportional to hemolytic activity, with B16 cells showing about 100-fold greater sensitivity on a per cell basis. Cell culture cytotoxicity attributed to β-hemolysin correlated with reactivity in rabbit ileal loop assays. The ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of concentrated (10×) A. hydrophila culture filtrates and fractions thereof was negative. Apparently sublethal doses of A. hydrophila β-hemolysin can nonspecifically stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediated events in melanoma and Chinese hamster ovary cell assays, producing lower activities than cholera toxin with shorter lag times.

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Blakey, David H., Earle R. Nestmann, Janet M. Bayley, K. Laurie Maus, and George R. Douglas. "Mutagenic Activity of p-Toluenesulfonhydrazide." Toxicology and Industrial Health 8, no. 6 (November 1992): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379200800603.

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Toluenesulfonhydrazide (TSH) is a high volume production chemical for which there is relatively little toxicological data. In this study, the mutagenic activity of TSH was determined in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay and the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells. TSH induced gene mutations both with and without metabolic activation in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay but that it did not induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results of this study indicate that TSH is an in vitro mutagen and should be assessed for in vivo mutagenicity.

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Underhill, T. M., and W. F. Flintoff. "Complementation of a methotrexate uptake defect in Chinese hamster ovary cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 4 (April 1989): 1754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.4.1754.

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A methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line deficient in methotrexate uptake has been complemented to methotrexate sensitivity by transfection with DNA isolated from either wild-type Chinese hamster ovary or human G2 cells. Primary and secondary transfectants regained the ability to take up methotrexate in a manner similar to that of wild-type cells, and in the case of those transfected with human DNA, to contain human-specific DNA sequences. The complementation by DNA-mediated gene transfer of this methotrexate-resistant phenotype provides a basis for the cloning of a gene involved in methotrexate uptake.

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Underhill, T. M., and W. F. Flintoff. "Complementation of a methotrexate uptake defect in Chinese hamster ovary cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 4 (April 1989): 1754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.4.1754-1758.1989.

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A methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line deficient in methotrexate uptake has been complemented to methotrexate sensitivity by transfection with DNA isolated from either wild-type Chinese hamster ovary or human G2 cells. Primary and secondary transfectants regained the ability to take up methotrexate in a manner similar to that of wild-type cells, and in the case of those transfected with human DNA, to contain human-specific DNA sequences. The complementation by DNA-mediated gene transfer of this methotrexate-resistant phenotype provides a basis for the cloning of a gene involved in methotrexate uptake.

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